2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1A land of diversity 单元学案（24页word版） 24页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1A land of diversity 单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 核心词汇 ‎1．If you fired John，it would be difficult to____________(雇用)a cook like him.‎ ‎2．The government is planning to ____________(改革)the tax system.‎ ‎3．A red sky at night____________ (表明，暗示)fine weather the following day. ‎ ‎4．The____________(大多数)of students were in favor of the suggestion that they go for a picnic the next day.‎ ‎5．We are strongly against____________(种族的)discrimination in areas such as employment.‎ ‎6．He____________(溜)into the room when no one was noticing him.‎ ‎7．You’d better____________(抓住)the chance，or you’ll regret.‎ ‎8．She had looked everywhere for her children，but they were________________(到处)to be found，which made her very worried.‎ ‎9．____________，she took no notice of the____________mistakes in the accident.(apparent)‎ ‎1. hire 　2.reform　3.indicated　4.majority　5.racial　,6.slipped　7.grasp　8.nowhere　9.Apparently；apparent,10.applicants；apply；applications ‎10．All the ____________can____________in person or by letter and at ‎ the same time should hand in their ____________before May 5th.(apply)‎ 高频短语 ‎1．________________ 继续存在；继续生存 ‎2．________________ 用……办法；借助……‎ ‎3．________________ 习惯于新的生活方式、工 作等 ‎4．________________ 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、 传统等)‎ ‎5．________________ 背靠背 ‎6．________________ 与……合作或一起工作 ‎7．________________ 画线；标出……界线 ‎8．________________ 包括；吸收 ‎9．________________ 许多；很多 ‎10．________________ 申请；请示得到 ‎1.live on　2.by means of...　3.make a life　4.keep up 5.back to back　6.team up with　7.mark out　8.take in 9.a great/good ‎ many　10.apply for 重点句式 ‎1．________________，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams.‎ 缆车系统建立于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪发明的，他试图找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。‎ ‎2．______________before long the mix of nationalities be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.‎ 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。‎ 重点句式 ‎3．________________California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.‎ 到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。‎ ‎4．However，________________that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ 然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。‎ ‎1.Built in 1873　2.It is believed that　3.By the time　4.it is likely 知识详解 ‎1 .means　n．　手段；方法 ‎ ‎(回归课本P2)Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.‎ 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。‎ by this means用这种方法 by means of通过，用，借助于 by no means决不，一点也不 ‎(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)‎ by all means务必，不惜一切地；‎ ‎(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以，没问题 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.‎ ‎＝All possible means have been tried，but none worked.‎ 各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。‎ ‎②(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.‎ 自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。‎ ‎③(朗文P1277)By all means，drink plenty of water while exercising.‎ 当然，锻炼的时候多喝水。‎ ‎④By no means am I satisfied with my present job.‎ 我对目前的工作一点也不满意。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎1．(2010年高考江苏卷)—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?‎ ‎—________.Ours is much stronger than theirs.‎ A．Of course 　　　　　　 B．It depends C．Don’t mention it D．By no means 解析：选D。句意：“——你认为他们的乒乓球队在即将到来的亚运会上会获得冠军吗？——绝对不会，我们的球队比他们的球队要强大得多。Of course当然可以；It depends视情况而定；Don’t mention it 不用谢；By no means绝对不会，绝不。根据句意可知答案为D项。‎ ‎2．众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。 ‎ As is known to us，the telephone is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：a useful means of communication ‎2 .majority　n．　大多数；大半 ‎(回归课本P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.‎ 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.‎ 大多数学生认为靠他们挣得钱生活很难。‎ ‎②(牛津P1220)In the nursing profession，women are in a /the majority.‎ 女性在护理行业中占大多数。‎ ‎【温馨提示】　(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。‎ ‎③(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.‎ 大多数人支持禁烟。‎ ‎(2)单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。‎ ‎④The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.‎ 昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。‎ ‎⑤The majority of the damage is easy to repair.‎ 这次的损失大部分容易补救。‎ ‎⑥The majority of people seem to prefer computer to TV.‎ 多数人喜欢电脑胜过电视。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3．完成句子 ‎(1)Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；________‎ ‎ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (大多数人喜欢和平而不是战争)．‎ 答案：the majority of people prefer peace to war ‎(2)Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are ________ ________ ________(占大多数)．‎ 答案：in a/the majority ‎3 .occur　vi.　发生；出现 ‎(回归课本P5)Yes.It didn’t occur to me that...‎ 是的，我没想到……‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.‎ 我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。‎ ‎②(牛津P1377)It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.‎ 她没想到请别人帮忙。 ‎ ‎③(辽宁高考)When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred to him.‎ 在剑桥工作时，巴比奇想到了一个新主意。‎ ‎④ It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.‎ 她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎4．—Why are you so late?‎ ‎—I was on half way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.‎ A．occurred　　　　　　 B．hit C．happened D．reminded 解析：选A。It occurred to me that...意为“我突然想起……”。hit打击(不与to搭配)；happen发生(指具体事件)；remind提醒(不与to搭配)。‎ ‎4 .make a life　习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎(回归课本P2)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.‎ 有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ come to life变得更有趣；变得活跃 live/lead a．..life过着……生活 come back to life苏醒过来，恢复生机 bring...back to life使……苏醒过来 make/start a new life开始新生活 make a living by 靠……谋生 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities.‎ 一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。‎ ‎②(朗文P1188)They moved out West to make a new life there.‎ 他们迁往西部去开始新生活。‎ ‎③(牛津P1166)The match finally came to life in the second half.‎ 比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。‎ ‎④The old couple made a living by selling vegetables.‎ 这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎5．Soldiers who fought all the way to the faraway places couldn’t come back，and they had to________a life on the foreign lands.‎ A．make　　　 　　　　　　B．come ‎ C．bring D．lay 解析：选A。考查动词短语搭配。句意：一路拼杀到很远的地方的士兵们无法归来，于是他们就只得在异国他乡谋求生活。只有make a life搭配正确；而come to life；bring sb./sth.to life不构成搭配，所以A项正确。‎ ‎5 .a great many 　很多，许多(修饰可数名词)‎ ‎(回归课本P8)Saw some interesting temples here，a number of markets ‎ and a great many restaurants.‎ 参观了这儿一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和许多餐馆。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P1230)I’ve known her for a great many years.‎ 我认识她好多年了。‎ ‎②A great many of us don’t like speaking English in class.‎ ‎ 我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。‎ ‎【温馨提示】　a good/great many 后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of 时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。‎ ‎③A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam.‎ 我们班中有很多学生通过了考试。‎ ‎6．________the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.‎ A．A great many　　　B．The number of C．A great many of D．A great deal of 解析：选C。名词前有the，these，those及my，your等物主代词时，a great many后要加of。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6 .take in 　包括；吸收；理解；欺骗 ‎(回归课本P8)It’s a 79km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.‎ 这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ take away拿走，使离开；消除(病痛等)‎ take down记下来； 拆掉 take for(错)当作；(误)以为 take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P2059)He was homeless，so we took him in.‎ 他无家可归，我们便收留了他。‎ ‎②(辽宁高考)Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.‎ 不要被许诺能使你快速减肥的商品所欺骗。‎ ‎③This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in.‎ 这是假期的全部费用，一切都包括在内。‎ ‎④The students find it easy to take in what you teach.‎ 学生们觉得你教的课容易领会。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7．完成句子 ‎(1)I needed a minute to ________ ________(理解) what he had told me.‎ 答案：take in ‎(2)Sometimes I think he wants to ________ ________(掌管) the world.‎ 答案：take over ‎7 .apply for　申请 ‎(回归课本P8)From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.‎ 从1882年到1940年，天使岛就成为著名的移民居住区，在那里，许多中国人申请在美国的居住权。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(朗文P82)Some of the children seem unable to apply what they have learned.‎ 有些孩子似乎不会应用他们所学的知识。‎ ‎②You can’t apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.‎ 在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这份工作。‎ ‎③(朗文P82)I wish Sam would apply himself a little more to his schoolwork.‎ 真希望萨姆能再专注于学业。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎8．Due to the fact that he failed to adapt himself to the present job，he________ ________ ________ ________(申请另一个工作)．‎ 答案：applied for another one 句型梳理 ‎1【教材原句】　That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(P2)‎ 这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。‎ ‎【句法分析】　句中的why引导的是表语从句，注意以下句式的区别：‎ ‎(1)That’s why...那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)‎ ‎(2)That’s because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)‎ ‎(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)‎ ‎①Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.‎ 汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。‎ ‎②Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.‎ 汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。‎ ‎③The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎9．(2011年石家庄检测)Is this the reason________she explained in the report for her success in the job?‎ A．what　　　　　　　　　　 B．that C．how D．why 解析：选B。考查定语从句。因此处关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故此处只能用that，which或省略。‎ ‎10．The reason________death was feared was________no man could experience it twice.‎ A．why；that B．why；because C．why；why D．because；that 解析：选A。句意：人们之所以恐惧死亡，是因为没有人能经历两次。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)‎ 然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。‎ ‎【句法分析】　本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。‎ It is likely that...……是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事。‎ ‎①She’s very likely to ring me tonight.‎ ‎＝It’s very likely that she will ring me tonight.‎ 她今晚很可能给我打电话。‎ ‎②It is likely that the weather will be fine.‎ ‎＝The weather is likely to be fine.‎ 天气可能会很晴朗。‎ ‎11．It is most ________that the environmentalists will come to the area to investigate the possible damage caused by the serious pollution.‎ A．likely ‎ ‎ B．perhaps C．possibly D．probably 解析：选A。句意：很有可能环境保护者会到这个地区调查严重污染所造成的潜在的破坏。句型It is likely that... 中的 likely为形容词，而不是副词，B、C、D三项均为副词形式，与句式不符。‎ ‎[即境活用] ‎ 单元综合知识运用检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2017·长沙市望城区第一中学月考)‎ Having a great collection of books at home doesn't really mean that you are a person who has a passion for literature and reading. It can be a family inheritance (继承) or it can be just to impress people around you about the fact that you are a person of culture. On the other hand, there are many persons who cannot afford to buy books, because some of them are quite expensive, but they usually go to libraries and spend hours reading something that interests them a lot, or just borrow books to read at home. From my point of view, literature is very important in our lives from several points of view. For example, reading is a means of gaining culture and enriching our knowledge in different areas of activities. It can help us have a great imagination and it makes things easier when it comes to making compositions on different themes. It gives you the possibility to speak about science, even if you don't work in this field, or you can express your opinion about a political aspect, just because you have read ‎ something connected to that.‎ Secondly, literature offers us the possibility to enter the world of imagination, and to leave apart the real one for a couple of hours. We come to meet kings and queens many years ago, dream in the world of the rich or imagine how life will be in the future. Sometimes, we identify ourselves with the characters in the stories we read and they can give us some dues to solve our problems and how to react in certain circumstances. To conclude, I would like to say that literature is the perfect means to enrich our culture, to express correctly and have a rich vocabulary, to be able to interfere(干涉) in conversations in different fields of interest and to really be considered an erudite person.‎ ‎1．The people who are fond of literature are those that ________.‎ A．go to libraries on weekends ‎ B．buy expensive books in the bookstore C．keep many books in their studies ‎ D．have much interest in reading ‎ ‎2．We can learn from the third paragraph that ________.‎ A．we can bring kings and queens back to life B．what we read can be useful in our daily life C．it is very good for us to stay alone for some hours D．we can make friends with the people in the stories ‎ ‎3．The underlined word“erudite”in the last paragraph probably means ________.‎ A．learned 　　　　　　　 B．enthusiastic C．smart D．creative ‎ ‎4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To advise readers to like reading.‎ B．To explain the true meaning of reading.‎ C．To tell readers how to read a book.‎ D．To tell readers who has the real passion for literature. ‎ 答案与解析 读书不仅仅只是让人以为你是个对阅读和文学很热爱的人，而且对你自身的文明修养大有裨益。所以我们应该与书交友。多多读书。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。由“On the other hand, there are many persons who cannot afford to buy books, because some of them are quite expensive, but who usually go to libraries and spend hours reading something that interests them a lot, or just borrow books to home.”可知对阅读有兴趣的人喜爱文学。故选D。‎ ‎2．B　主旨大意题。本段讲了文学带给我们在平时不会有的体验，因此是平时生活的用处。故选B。‎ ‎3．A　词义推测题。读的书多，自然会知道很多事情，成为饱学之士。learned 博学的；enthusiastic热情的；smart时髦的；creative有创造的。故选A。‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。文章讲了文学与阅读的好处，并提出了阅读文学的两点好处，因此是吸引人们对文学的向往。故选A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2017·临淄中学质量检测)‎ If you have an upcoming job interview, you are probably afraid of appearing nervous during the interview. Knowing how to relax during the interview increases the likelihood that you appear to be the best candidate for the job. There are several things to keep in mind regarding relaxation during a job interview.‎ DO: Listen to the interviewer.‎ During your interview, the interviewer is likely to do most of the talking. If you focus on what he is saying and give the person your undivided attention, two things are likely to happen. __1__. Second, your nervousness is easier to forget since your mind is focused on what the interviewer is saying.‎ DO: Prepare in advance.‎ ‎__2__. One of the best ways to help yourself relax during the interview is to be ready for these questions.__3__， create a list of questions that you expect to be asked, and consider your answers. Ask friends or family to help you by asking questions they think you might encounter and give feedback on your responses. In addition, researching the company, the specific position and the industry in general enables you to be a more knowledgeable applicant. __4__ since there is less chance of being troubled by interview questions.‎ Being relaxed is essential for having a successful job interview. Overcoming your nervousness is not difficult if you know how to relax. __5__， you are the confident and knowledgeable applicant you want to appear as during the interview.‎ A．This also helps you to relax B．Before your interview C．First, the interviewer is likely to be impressed by your listening skills ‎ D．Confidence is key to feeling relaxed during an interview E．By being aware of how to relax F．During an interview, expect to be asked a ton of questions G．Despite this, you need to keep these nervous feelings to yourself 答案与解析 本文就面试时如何消除紧张情绪提出了一些建议。‎ ‎1．C　考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据后句Second, your nervousness is easier to forget since your mind is focused on what the interviewer is saying.可知本空应该是第一点。故C符合要求。‎ ‎2．F　考查上下文的理解判断能力。后句One of the best ways to help yourself relax during the interview is to be ready for these questions.提到了这些问题。故F符合要求。‎ ‎3．B　考查上下文的理解判断能力。弄一张你预料将被问到的问题，应该是在参加面试之前。故B符合要求。‎ ‎4．A　考查上下文的理解判断能力。后句都是researching the company, the specific position and the industry in general的有益之处。故A符合要求。‎ ‎5．E　考查上下文的理解判断能力。前句提到你如果知道如何放松的话就会减轻紧张，后文应该是讲如何放松自己。故E符合要求。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·广东省揭阳市第一中学检测)‎ Many teens in high school want to try out for sports because they think it will make them more popular. __1__ there are lots of other benefits from sports that teens may overlook(忽视)．‎ With TV, movies, computers, and video games __2__ (become)more and more popular, it has become much __3__ (easy) for teens to be by themselves rather than going out with friends. Kids used to hang out at the mall or drive around the town; now they just sit at home. __4__ (get) teens into a sport gives them an opportunity to go out and socialize. Although they may not find a new best friend, they will learn how to interact and work as __5__ team, something that they'll find __6__ (use) later in life.‎ More and more kids are becoming overweight. If teens see that their ‎ physical condition is causing them to perform __7__ (bad), they may __8__ (motivate) to do other activities to get healthy. When your child __9__ (reach) their teenager year, part of good parenting will provide them __10__ direction and encouragement and continue to help them develop a healthy style of living.‎ 答案与解析 文章介绍了网络时代，户外运动对青少年们来说意义重大。‎ ‎1．But　考查连词。根据句意可知，许多青少年参加运动是想受到大家的欢迎，而忽略了运动的益处，所以这里是转折关系，but但是，表示转折。‎ ‎2．becoming　考查现在分词。使用with复合结构，因为宾语TV, movies, computers, and video games和become是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎3．easier　考查比较级。much后面修饰形容词比较级，表示“……得多”。‎ ‎4．Getting　考查动名词。这里是动名词作主语。‎ ‎5．a　考查名词。这里是泛指一个团队，所以需用冠词a。‎ ‎6．useful　考查形容词。这里useful修饰不定代词something。‎ ‎7．badly　考查副词。修饰动词perform用副词。‎ ‎8．be motivated　考查被动语态。they和motivate是被动关系，may后面用动词原形。‎ ‎9．reaches　考查动词时态。根据主句“part of good parenting will be providing them with direction”用一般将来时，可知从句用一般现在时。主语是your child。‎ ‎10．with　考查介词。provide sb. with sth.提供某人某物。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·长治五校联考)‎ The International Volunteer Day approaching，some volunteers of our school are organized to assist the policemen with traffic control in our city. At 8 o'clock on the morning of last Sunday, we gathered at the school gate. One of our teachers was in the charge of this activity but he divided us into four groups.Then we went to different crossings near our school. The police officers told us that we should do and how to protect themselves from danger. We spent the whole morning keep the streams of traffic flowing smooth. With a red banner in our hands, we stopped some road user running the red light. Some citizens praised us our good deeds. Because we were very tired that morning, we were proud to have offered service to our society.‎ 答案 Ⅴ.书面表达 ‎(2017·湖北省襄阳市第五中学质检)‎ 你校学生会将举行一场高三年级英语话剧比赛，请你以校学生会李明的名义给外教Wilson Smith写一封信，请其当裁判并说明话剧比赛事宜。应包括以下内容： ‎ ‎1．每班限报一个话剧，人数不超过10人，不少于2人；‎ ‎2．话剧表演必须用英语表达，时长不超过半小时；‎ ‎3．话剧内容必须思想健康，适合中学生观看； ‎ ‎4．时间：12月10日，地点：校大礼堂。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右； ‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； ‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr.Smith，‎ How is everything going on? ______________________________‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ We are looking forward to your replay. Thank you.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 答案 Dear_Mr._Smith，‎ How_is_everything_going_on? May we have the honor to invite you to be the judge of our coming play contest? We would really appreciate it if your answer is YES.‎ The Students' Union is going to hold an English play contest among Senior 3 students on December 10th. Each class can only present only one play, in which the number of participants should be limited between 2 and 10 students. All plays must be presented in English and finished within half an hour. In addition, the content of the plays must be mentally healthy and suitable for Senior students. The location will be in the school hall.‎ It is really a good chance to practice students' oral English as well as to show their talents. We really hope that you can give us some help so that our judgment will be more objective.‎ We_are_looking_forward_to_your_replay._Thank_you.‎ Yours_sincerely，‎ Li_Ming