2019届一轮复习北师大选修七Unit21HumanBiology单元学案设计（56页word解析版） 54页

‎2019届一轮复习北师大选修7Unit 21 Human Biology单元学案设计 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写] ‎ ‎1．*kidney n．　　　　　　　 肾脏，肾 ‎2．*liver n. 肝脏 ‎3．interval n. 间隔；间歇 ‎4．pump vi. 用泵抽出(注入)‎ ‎5．mineral n. 矿物 ‎6．hearing n. 听觉 ‎7．pulse n. 脉搏 ‎8．track and field 田径运动　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写] ‎ ‎9．*enhance vt.　　　　　　 提高；增强 ‎10．performanceenhancing adj. 增强表现的 ‎11．supreme adj. (程度)最大的，极度的 ‎12．*doping n. 服兴奋剂_‎ ‎13．lame adj. 站不住脚的，不易令人相信的 ‎14．compulsory adj. 义务的，强制性的 ‎15．controversial adj. 有争议的 ‎16．dash n. 短跑　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第三屏听写] ‎ ‎17．marathon n．　　　　　　 马拉松赛跑 ‎18．contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾 ‎19．*impulse n. 脉冲 ‎20．*complicated adj. 复杂的 ‎21．*miniature n. 微型复制品 ‎22．*soundtrack n. 声迹 ‎23．*interpret v. 解释；翻译 ‎24．herb n. 草药　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第四屏听写] ‎ ‎25．straight away　　　 　　 马上，立刻 ‎26．*epidemic n. 流行病 ‎27．*empire n. 帝国 ‎28．trial n. 实验 ‎29．acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的 ‎30．statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字 ‎31．parallel n. 平行线；极相似之处 ‎32．tissue n. 组织　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写] ‎ ‎33．adaptation n．　　　　　 变化；变种 ‎34．mourn vt. & vi. 感到悲痛；表示哀悼 ‎35．prescription n. 处方 ‎36．tablet n. 药片 ‎37．underline vt. 强调；表明重要性 ‎38．systematic adj. 系统化的 ‎39．stop sth. in its tracks 终止；消灭 ‎40．pill n. 药丸，药片　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写] ‎ ‎41．temporary adj.　　 临时的；短暂的 ‎42．numb adj. (思维、咸淡、反应)麻木的 ‎43．sacred adj. 神圣的 ‎44．terminal adj. 致命的；晚期的 ‎45．helmet n. 头盔；防护帽 ‎46．minimum n. 最小；最低 ‎47．institution n. 团体；公共机构 ‎48．unconditionally adv. 无条件地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第七屏听写] ‎ ‎49．tentatively adv.　　 不完全地 ‎50．*reverse vt. 颠倒；改变 ‎51．appendix n. 附录 ‎52．extension n. 延期 ‎53．tractor n. 拖拉机 ‎54．spade n. 锹；铲 ‎55．aluminium n. 铝 ‎56．tin n. 罐　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第八屏听写] ‎ ‎57．*jealous adj.　 　　 妒忌的 ‎58．skeptical adj. 怀疑的 ‎59．belly n. 腹部；肚子 ‎60．absurd adj. 荒谬的；不合理的 ‎61．storage n. 储存 ‎62．carrier n. 带菌者 ‎63．*coma vi. (因严重疾病或重伤引起的)昏迷 ‎64．*genetherapy 基因疗法　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第九屏听写] ‎ ‎1．circulate vi.　　　 　　 循环 ‎2．digest vi. 消化 ‎3．swap vi. 交换 ‎4．abuse vt. 滥用 ‎5．tolerate vt. 忍受 ‎6．fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的 ‎7．doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不肯定的 ‎8．seek vt. 寻找　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十屏听写] ‎ ‎9．annual adj.　　　　　 每年的，一年一次的，年度的 ‎10．in_vain 徒然，白费力气 ‎11．at_random 随便地，任意地 ‎12．*threat_ n. 威胁 ‎13．oppose vt. 反对 ‎14．postpone vt. 延期，推迟 ‎15．at_all_costs 无论如何，不惜任何代价 ‎16．*identify vt. 确定；认出，识别　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十一屏听写] ‎ ‎17．*emotion n．　　　　 　 情感；情绪 ‎18._privileged adj. 荣幸的 ‎19．cater vi. 迎合；满足 ‎20．entry n. 进入；入学 ‎21．ample adj. 充足的，充裕的 ‎22．rebuild vt. 重建 ‎23．prohibit vt. 禁止 ‎24．unite vt. 团结；联合；统一　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十二屏听写] ‎ ‎25．pause n．　　　　　　 　 停顿；暂停 ‎26．symptom n. 症状 ‎27．routine n. 常规；惯例 ‎28．press n. 新闻界；报界 ‎29．foresee vt. 预见 ‎30．thorough adj. 彻底的；细致的 ‎31．teamwork n. 协作；配合 ‎32．faith n. 信心 ‎33．weekly adj. 每周一次的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十三屏听写] ‎ ‎34．rob vt.　　　　　 　　　 抢劫；使丧失 ‎35．decline vi. 下降 ‎36．equip vt. 使有准备 ‎37．firm n. 公司，商行 ‎38．fortune n. 大笔钱财，巨款 ‎39．rate n. 比率 ‎40．at_any_rate 无论如何；至少 ‎41．deadline n. 截止期限，最后期限 ‎42．submit vt. 提交　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十四屏听写] ‎ ‎43．concern n．　　　　　　　 担心；担忧 ‎44．vote vi. 表决 ‎45．circumstance n. 情形；情况 ‎46．enquiry n. 询问 ‎47．treat v. 款待 ‎48．violate vt. 违反，违背 ‎49．scan n. 扫描 ‎50．cancer n. 癌，癌症 ‎51．urban adj. 城市的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅读单词 ‎1.interval n．　　　间隔；间歇 ‎2.enhance vt. 增强；提高 ‎3.supreme adj. (程度)最大的，极度的 ‎4.compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的 ‎5.controversial adj. 有争议的 ‎6.contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾 ‎7.interpret vt. 翻译；解释 ‎8.impulse n. 脉冲 ‎9.complicated adj. _复杂的 ‎10.ample adj.　充足的，充裕的 ‎11.storage n. 储存 ‎12.acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的 ‎13.statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字 ‎14.adaptation n. 变化；变种 ‎15.mourn vi.& vt. 感到悲痛；表示哀悼 ‎16.prescription n. 处方 ‎17.systematic adj. 系统化的 ‎18.temporary adj.　　临时的；短暂的 ‎19.terminal adj. 致命的；晚期的 ‎20.minimum n. 最低；最小 ‎21.institution n. 团体；公共机构 ‎22.unconditionally adv. 无条件地 ‎23.tentatively adv. 不完全地 ‎24.extension n. 延期 ‎25.sceptical adj. 怀疑的 ‎26.absurd adj. 荒谬的；不合理的 表达单词 ‎1.circulate vi.　循环 ‎2.digest vt. 消化 ‎3.abuse vt. 滥用 ‎4.fundamental adj. ‎ ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1.You should seek (寻求) advice from your lawyer on this matter.‎ ‎ 根本的；基础的 ‎5.seek vt. 寻找 ‎6.threat n. 威胁 ‎7.postpone vt. 延期，推迟，延迟 ‎8.identify vt. 确定；认出，识别 ‎9.symptom n. 症状；征兆 ‎10.weekly adj. 每周一次的 ‎11.decline vi. 下降 ‎12.firm n. 商行，公司 ‎13.rate n. 比率 ‎14.deadline n. 截止日期，最后日期 ‎15.vote vi. 表决 ‎16.circumstance n. 情形，情况 ‎17.entry n. 进入 ‎2.The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog.‎ ‎3.As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的；基础的) to the growth of the plants.‎ ‎4.Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily.‎ ‎5.They were accused of abusing (滥用) their power to keep prices artificially high.‎ ‎6.The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.‎ ‎7.Under the circumstances (情形，情况), we must rely on ourselves.‎ ‎8.Due to bad management, company profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years.‎ ‎9.With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.‎ ‎10.My daughter and I play ‎ badminton two or three times weekly (每周一次的)．‎ 拓展单词 ‎1.tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍 ‎2.oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的→opposition n．相反→opposed adj.相反的，对立的 ‎3.privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n．特权；优惠，优待 ‎4.enquiry n．询问→enquire v．询问，调查 ‎5.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的 ‎6.unite vt.联合；团结；统一→union n．团结→united adj.团结的 ‎7.equip vt.使有准备→equipment n ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1.Tom is often fortunate.Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately he met and married his girlfriend there.(fortune) ‎ ‎2.I admire you for your tolerance,_ because you can tolerate things which can't be tolerant.(tolerate)‎ ‎3.Our parents are concerned about our health and future.As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern)‎ ‎4.As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_ we can overcome all the difficulties, so let's unite together.(unite)‎ ‎5.We oppose building a chemical factory near our village, which will cause ‎ ‎．装备；设备 ‎8.fortune n．大笔钱财，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→misfortune n．不幸 ‎9.concern n．担心；担忧→concerned adj.关心的，牵挂的；有关的→concerning prep.关于 ‎10.annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annually adv.一年一次地，每年地，年度地 much air pollution. Luckily, because of our opposition,_the factory won't be built.(oppose)‎ ‎6.Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)‎ ‎7.If you want to join our club, there's an annual membership fee of ＄100 and the organization publishes its list of member annually. (annual)‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.in_vain　　徒劳，白费力气 ‎2.at_random 随便地，随意地 ‎3.at_all_costs 不管多大代价 ‎4.straight_away 立刻，马上 ‎5.wipe_out 彻底毁灭 ‎6.stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭 ‎7.rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎8.at_any_rate 无论如何；至少 ‎9.get_down_to 开始做 ‎10.bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐 ‎11.get_through 通过(考试)；完成 ‎12.clear_up 整理；解释；澄清 ‎13.put_off 推迟；延期 ‎14.miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会 ‎15.focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准 ‎1.The magician picked several persons at_random from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.‎ ‎2.We must at_all_costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.‎ ‎3.They tried their best to make her happy but in_vain.‎ ‎4.At_any_rate,_the medical supplies will reach you within a week.‎ ‎5.The orphans who lost their parents in the disaster should be brought_up by our government.‎ ‎ 6.As we all know, our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get_through difficult situations.‎ ‎7.Owing to his absence, we had to_put_off_the class meeting till next week.‎ ‎8.One failure after another wiped_out_his ambition for fame.‎ ‎9.I can't focus my attention on study with so much noise outside.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.It is compulsory for ‎“It is＋adj.＋ for ‎ winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。‎ ‎ sb.＋to do ...”句型。‎ 对我们来说注意饮食是必要的。‎ It_is_necessary_for_us_to_pay_attention_to our diet.‎ ‎2.The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.‎ 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。‎ rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”。‎ 作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。‎ As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.‎ ‎3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.‎ ‎“Sb./Sth.be believed to ...”意为“某人或某物被认为……”。‎ 据说他们已研发了一种新的教学方法，这种方法注定会大大提高课堂效果。‎ They are_said_to_have_developed a new approach to teaching which is bound to improve classroom teaching greatly.‎ 西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。‎ ‎(四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 ‎1.overcome_many_difficulties　克服很多困难 ‎2.point_out 指出 ‎3.prepare_for_the_exam 为考试做准备 ‎4.receive_good_education 受到良好的教育 ‎5.further study 深造；进修 ‎6.part with 放弃；交出 ‎1.cry for no reason　无缘无故地哭 ‎2.nod in agreement 点头同意 ‎3.be friends with 和……是朋友 ‎4.pale as chalk 和粉笔一样白 ‎5.kick sb. off 开除某人 ‎6.pull together 齐心合力 ‎1.running shoes　跑鞋 ‎2.keep off mobile phones 关机 ‎3.get ears pierced 打耳洞 ‎4.earring n. 耳环；耳饰 ‎5.do/take exercise 做运动 ‎6.do morning exercises 做早操 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．postpone vt.推迟，延期 ‎[教材原句]　I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.‎ 我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。‎ postpone doing sth.　　　　　　 延缓/推迟做某事 postpone sth.until/to ... 把某事推迟到……‎ ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①The ball game was postponed_until/to the next Sunday because of the rain.‎ ‎②Let's postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information.‎ ‎2．oppose vt.&vi.反对；反抗 ‎[教材原句]　Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.‎ 基因疗法有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。‎ ‎(1)oppose (sb.'s) doing sth.　 　 反对(某人)做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事；与(做)‎ ‎ 某事对立 opposite adj. 对立的，在……对面的 prep. 在……的对面 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Many residents are opposed to building (build) the motorway. It is not a wise decision.‎ ‎②Most of the students oppose having (have) classes on Sunday.‎ ‎③She turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction.‎ 一句多译 我反对星期天购物，因为太拥挤了。‎ ‎④I oppose_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(oppose)‎ ‎⑤I am_opposed_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(opposed)‎ ‎⑥I object_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(object)‎ ‎⑦I am_against_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(against)‎ ‎3．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止 ‎[教材原句]　Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.‎ 自从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们一直在做治疗方面的试验以预防将来再次爆发。‎ ‎(1)prohibit (doing) sth.　　　　　 禁止(做)某事 禁止某人做某事 ‎(2)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 a prohibition against/on ... ……的禁令 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go) to the science museum.‎ ‎②The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit) against the hunting of whales.‎ ‎③These citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.‎ 句型转换 Some people think that it's necessary to prevent/stop/keep people ‎ from using mobile phones in some places.‎ ‎④Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.‎ ‎⑤Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places.‎ ‎[联想发散]‎ ‎“禁止/阻止某人做某事”表达法荟萃：‎ ‎①discourage sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎②ban sb. from (doing) sth.‎ ‎③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.‎ ‎④forbid sb. (from) doing sth.‎ ‎⑤keep sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎⑥stop sb. (from) doing sth.　　　　 ‎ ‎4．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍 ‎[经典例句]　I won't tolerate your behaving in this way.‎ 我不能容忍你这样做。‎ ‎(1)tolerate (doing) sth.　　　　 容忍/容许(做)某事 ‎(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of 对……宽容；容忍……‎ ‎(3)tolerance n. 容忍 ‎ show tolerance towards sb. 容忍某人 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Perhaps you need to show tolerance towards your neighbors.‎ ‎②If I were her staff, I really wouldn't tolerate being_scolded (scold) by her every day.‎ ‎③We must learn to be tolerant of different living habits especially when we are abroad.‎ 一句多译 我不能容忍被嘲笑。‎ ‎④I can't tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)‎ ‎⑤I can't bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)‎ ‎⑥I can't put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)‎ ‎5．submit vt.提交；递交vi.服从，屈服 ‎[教材原句]　You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.‎ 你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。‎ submit to　　　　　　 服从于；屈从于 submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受……；服从……‎ submit ...to ... 向……提交……‎ ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①We can't submit_to_our_fate. Instead, we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.‎ 我们不能向命运低头，相反，我们应该采取积极的态度面对目前的形势。‎ ‎②The students must submit_themselves_to the disciplines at school.‎ 学生在学校必须遵守纪律。‎ ‎③They submitted_their_reports_to_the headmaster yesterday.‎ 昨天，他们向校长提交了他们的报告。‎ ‎6．seek (sought，sought) vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求，探索；试图 ‎[教材原句]　Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and ‎ are prepared to cheat to do so.‎ 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这样的问题，运动员为寻求超常体育成绩而准备这样欺骗。‎ seek sth.from sb.　　　　 向某人请求/寻求某物 seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物 seek one's fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会 seek out 找出；寻出 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Half an hour later, he sought out his friend in the crowd.‎ ‎②We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.‎ ‎③The couple have sought help from marriage guidance counsellors.‎ 完成句子 ‎④If you want to_seek_for/after_success,_you must work hard.‎ 如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。‎ ‎⑤He told us that he was going to Beijing to_seek_his_fortune.‎ 他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。‎ ‎7．equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备 ‎[高考佳句]　To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a microfan.(2014·湖南高考书面表达)‎ 为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。‎ ‎(1)equip ...with ...　　　　　 用……装备……‎ equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为(做)某事而装备……‎ be equipped for/to do sth. 为(做)某事装备好；‎ ‎ 做好准备 equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 ‎(2)equipment n．[U] 装备，设备 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Our school is equipped with much advanced equipment bought from abroad.(equip)‎ ‎②They are going to equip the workshop with new machines in order to increase output.‎ ‎③My father always reminds me to equip myself for the future.‎ ‎④His work experience equipped him to_deal (deal) with all kinds of people.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑤Equipping with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.Equipping→Equipped ‎⑥In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs.equipments→equipment ‎8．decline vi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n．下降；衰退 ‎[经典例句]　I offered to give them a lift but they declined.(牛津P518)‎ 我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。‎ ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中decline的词性及词义 ‎①I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation. v．谢绝 ‎②The company reported a small decline in its profits.n.下降 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)decline to do sth.　　　　　 拒绝做某事 decline to 下降/减少到 decline by 下降/减少了 ‎(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降 in decline 下降 on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中 fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退 ‎[练通重点]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎③There has been a sharp decline in/of profits this year.‎ ‎④The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10 percent last month.‎ ‎⑤I didn't know why the boy declined to_answer (answer) a question. ‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥His health_fell_into_a_decline after he was injured in the accident.‎ 在事故中受伤后，他的健康状况每况愈下。‎ ‎⑦As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on_the_decline/in_decline since the 1970s.‎ 众所周知，英国的工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。‎ ‎9．fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气 ‎[经典例句]　I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.‎ 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。‎ ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中fortune的含义 ‎①The couple gave away most of their fortune to the poor in their small town._财产 ‎②Now many villagers go to the big cities to try their fortune.运气 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)seek/try one's fortune　　　 找出路；碰运气 make a fortune 发财 ‎(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)‎ be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ‎(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(＝luckily)‎ ‎[练通重点]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎③He was robbed last night, but fortunately (fortune) he didn't have much on him then.‎ ‎④She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.‎ ‎⑤It was fortunate (fortune) enough that he was saved by the passing boat.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥Mr. Parker worked in a small company for two years and then he went abroad to seek/try_his_fortune.‎ 帕克先生在一家小公司里工作了两年，然后就出国碰运气了。‎ ‎⑦When he was young, he would dream of making_a_fortune.‎ 当他年轻时，他总是梦想发财。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She is a strongwilled person who never submits to failure.‎ ‎2．Having been used to warm climate, Li Ming can't tolerate living (live) in such a cold place.‎ ‎3．An old man was knocked down by a car yesterday. Fortunately (fortune) he didn't get injured badly.‎ ‎4．She insisted that she had remained faithful (faith) to her husband.‎ ‎5．In order to make our students adapt to the society better, we want to equip them with some special skills.‎ ‎6．Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leaving (leave)．‎ ‎7．He opposed building (build) a new building in this area, for there are some rare plants near here.‎ ‎8．The government decided to prohibit smoking (smoke) in public.‎ ‎9．They sought out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.‎ ‎10．In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to_visit (visit) Oxford.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I have to submit my homework for the headteacher office by next Friday.for→to ‎2．Her wealthy parents were opposed to her marry a boy from the poor family.marry→marrying ‎3．He made fortune in his business trade last year.made_后加a ‎4．Under no circumstance will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man.circumstance→circumstances Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎1．在这位明星拒绝在这部电影中担任角色后，媒体都开始关注这件事。(be opposed to, focus on) ‎ After_the_famous_star_was_opposed_to_starring_in_the_film,_the_‎ media_focused_on_it.‎ ‎2．我们学校所有的教室都配备有现代化的教学设备。(be equipped with)‎ All_classrooms_of_our_school_are_equipped_with_modern_teaching_equipment.‎ ‎3．我必须提醒你，学校绝不会容忍考试作弊。(tolerate doing sth.)‎ I_must_remind_you_that_at_no_time_will_the_school_tolerate_cheating_in_exams.‎ ‎4．现在在我们的社会里，有很多年轻人梦想不通过努力工作就可发大财。(make a fortune)‎ Now_there_are_many_young_men_in_our_society_dreaming_of_making_a_fortune_without_hard_work.‎ ‎5．这些公民被禁止出国旅游。(prohibit)‎ These_citizens_were_prohibited_from_travelling_abroad.‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少 ‎[教材原句]　If trends continue the way they're going, then in my opinion, yes — in developed countries at any rate.‎ 如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。‎ at this/that rate　　 照此情形；如此下去 at the/a rate of 以……的速度或比率；以……的价格 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①You ought to read one of the English articles every day at_any_rate.‎ 你应该至少每天读一篇英语文章。‎ ‎②At_this_rate,_we will soon be bankrupt.‎ 照这样下去，我们不久就要破产了。‎ ‎③The train was traveling at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour.‎ 火车以每小时100公里的速度行驶。‎ ‎2．wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁 ‎[教材原句]　Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.‎ 流行病可以毁灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。‎ wipe away　　　　　 擦掉，清除掉 wipe sth. off/from 从……上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)‎ wipe sth. with sth. 用……擦……‎ wipe up 擦干净 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①The storm wiped_the_building_out only in two hours.‎ 在仅仅两个小时之内，暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了。‎ ‎②He wiped__away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand.‎ 他用手背擦掉了额头上的汗水。‎ ‎③Please wipe_the_drawing_off/from the blackboard.‎ 请将黑板上的画擦掉。‎ ‎④I hastily wiped__up the milk I had spilled.‎ 我快速把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。‎ ‎3．at all costs无论如何，不管多大代价 ‎[教材原句]　Team orders on the final day were to avoid the ‎ dreaded blank at all costs.‎ 最后一天，队里的指示就是不惜一切代价实现零的突破。‎ at the cost/expense of ...　　 牺牲……；以……为代价 at a cost of ... 以……的费用/价格 at any cost ＝at all costs 在任何情况下；无论如何 at cost 按成本价 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①She saved him from the fire but at_the_cost_of her own life.‎ 她从火中把他救了出来，却牺牲了自己的生命。‎ ‎②The work is so important that we must finish it on time at_all_costs/at_any_cost.‎ 这项工作是如此的重要，以至于我们无论如何也得按时完成。‎ ‎③This is the lowest price. We are selling at_cost already.‎ 这是最低价了。我们已经是按成本价销售了。‎ ‎4．It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。‎ ‎(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。‎ ‎(2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do ...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish, stupid, wise, rude 等。‎ ‎①It was impossible for the little boy to_carry (carry) such a heavy ‎ box.‎ 这个小男孩是不可能扛得动这样一个重箱子的。‎ ‎②Nowadays it_is_important_for_us__students_to_master a foreign language.‎ 现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。‎ ‎③It_is_very_clever_of_them to make good use of the Internet.‎ 他们很聪明，能充分利用互联网。‎ ‎5．并列连词rather than The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.‎ 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。‎ ‎(1)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”。它通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。‎ ‎(2)rather than 常用于下列结构中：‎ ‎(3)rather than 连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎(4)would rather＋从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示过去的愿望。‎ ‎①Changing your diet, rather than dieting (diet), is a healthier alternative.‎ 改变日常饮食而不是节食，是更健康的办法。‎ ‎②Nowadays some teenagers prefer to_chat (chat) online with strangers rather than talk (talk) with their parents face to face.‎ 如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。‎ ‎③Mary, rather than you, is (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.‎ 是玛丽而不是你应该为没有按时完成工作而受责备。‎ ‎④I would rather you didn't_do (not do) anything for the time being. ‎ 我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。‎ ‎6．sb./sth. be believed＋动词不定式 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.‎ 西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。‎ ‎(1)“sb./sth. be believed＋动词不定式”为固定结构，意为“人们认为(相信)……，被认为是/做……”，此结构可以和It is believed that或People believe互换。常用于这种句型的动词有say/hope/think/report/know等。‎ ‎(2)动词不定式用完成时，强调动作发生在主句动作之前；用进行时，强调动作正在进行；用一般现在时，强调动作与主句动作(几乎)同时发生，或之后发生。‎ ‎①Tom is believed to_be (be) the child they are looking for.‎ 人们认为汤姆就是他们要找的那个孩子。‎ ‎②The company is said to_be_advertising (advertise) for a sales manager, and you can have a try.‎ 据说这家公司正在登广告招聘一名销售经理，你可以去试一下。‎ ‎③The professor is reported to have succeeded in carrying out this experiment.‎ ‎＝It's_reported_that_the_professor_has_succeeded in carrying out this experiment.‎ 据报道这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I'm quite satisfied, and I prefer to_rent (rent) such an apartment rather than buy (buy) one.‎ ‎2．They chose some people at random in the street to give the questionnaires.‎ ‎3．I've made up my mind to attain my purpose at all costs.‎ ‎4．I tried to make his peace with her, but in vain.‎ ‎5．At any rate, I determined to wait for his definite reply.‎ ‎6．She wiped off the sweat from her face with a piece of facial tissue.‎ ‎7．It is necessary for us to_examine (examine) the papers before handing them in.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．It's important of you to arrive there on time.of→for ‎2．My efforts to bring about a settlement ended of vain.of→in ‎3．The drunken driver, rather than the passersby were to blame for ‎ the traffic accident.were→was ‎4．This was the second time that I have gone back to my hometown.was→is或have→had ‎5．She preferred to go with us rather than to stay at home.去掉第二个to Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎1．在这么短的时间内解出这道数学题，你真是太聪明了。(It's＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.)‎ It's_clever_of_you_to_work_out_the_math_problem_in_such_a_short_time.‎ ‎2．普通的蜗牛(snail)以每分钟两英寸左右的速度移动。(at a/the rate of)‎ An_ordinary_snail_moves_at_a/the_rate_of_about_two_inches_every_minute.‎ ‎3．他救了溺水的儿子，但自己却丢了性命。(at the cost of)‎ He_saved_his_son_from_drowning_but_only_at_the_cost_of_his_own_life.‎ ‎4．据说该市目前正在建造一家新商场。(sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋动词不定式)‎ A_new_shopping_mall_is_said_to_be_being_built_in_this_city_at_present.‎ ‎5．汤姆宁愿被嘲笑也不愿和他们争吵。(prefer ...rather than)‎ Tom_preferred_to_be_laughed_at_rather_than_quarrel_with_them.‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法 ‎　　——条件句和混合条件句；情态动词 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·天津高考)—Do you have Betty's phone number?‎ ‎—Yes.Otherwise，I wouldn't_have_been (not be) able to reach her yesterday.‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system had_been_put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ ‎3．(2016·北京高考)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had_told (tell) me, I could have helped.‎ ‎4．If I_had (have) a map now, we would easily get out of the forest.‎ ‎5．It is lucky we booked a room, or we would_have (have) nowhere to stay now.‎ ‎6．We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would_have_visited (visit) more places of interest.‎ Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词填空 ‎1．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I needn't clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ ‎3．(2016·北京高考)I love the weekend, because I_needn't get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.‎ ‎4．I heard you bought a new book. May I have a look?‎ ‎5．John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour?‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．If I haven't been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.haven't→hadn't ‎2．When he was a little boy, he used to swimming in the river nearby.swimming→swim ‎ ‎3．Sorry, I am too busy now; if I have time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.have→had ‎4．You may be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.may→must ‎5．Must I have a word with you? It won't take long.Must→Can Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．If_it_had_not_been_for_his_invitation_the_other_day,_I should not be here now.‎ 如果不是那天他的邀请，现在我不会在这里。‎ ‎2．George_can't_have_gone_too_far. His coffee is still warm.‎ 乔治不可能走太远。他的咖啡还是热的呢。‎ ‎3．If I hadn't been wearing a seatbelt, I_would_have_been_injured.‎ 如果我没有系安全带的话，我可能已经受伤了。‎ ‎4．Had_I_known_the_schedule,_it might have saved me some trouble.‎ 如果我早知道日程安排的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦的。‎ ‎5．I_needn't_have_worried_before_I_came_to_the_new_school,_for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ 我来新学校之前本没有必要担心的，因为我这里的同学对我非常友好。‎ ‎(二)课堂微写作 ‎　　练补写——让行文更条理 ‎[题目要求]‎ 假设你叫是李华，作为高三毕业生代表，将在学校举办的毕业晚会上用英文做一个简短的告别演讲。词数100左右。‎ ‎[补写提示]　请按提示线索补写下列习作的中间段落 Dear teachers and fellow students，‎ In a couple of weeks, we'll say goodbye to our mother school. How time flies! Gone will be our senior high school days when we are full of dreams and efforts. Now It's really hard for me to put my feelings into words. The past three years has been really a wonderful journey with you guys, full of laughter and tears.‎ 感谢老师→展望未来→祝福母校 Thank you!‎ ‎[答案示例]‎ Dear teachers and fellow students，‎ In a couple of weeks, we'll say goodbye to our mother school. How time flies! Gone will be our senior high school days when we are full of dreams and efforts. Now It's really hard for me to put my feelings into words. The past three years has been really a wonderful journey with you guys, full of laughter and tears.‎ To make the journey safe and fruitful, our great teachers contributed their time, energy, love and the whole heart to us. Here, we are extremely grateful for all that you, dear teachers, have done for us.‎ It'll soon be the time for us to depart, though unwillingly. But it is not the end. It just means that we're going to begin a new journey. ‎ Finally, on behalf of all the graduates present here, let me extend our sincere wishes for our mother school and respectable teachers. ‎ Thank you!‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ A ‎(2018·张家界模拟)‎ Planning to go to a gym? If you are one of those who have spent many days planning to join a gym or to attend it regularly, then why not choose some home exercises? Here are some home exercises without equipment.‎ Jumping jacks This one is the best home workout without weights, which is a great exercise that will work your hands and legs. Perform this exercise by standing with your feet placed together and arms at your sides. Now tuck in your abs (收腹) and jump by bending your knees. At the same time, move your feet apart as much as you can and raise your hands to bring into line with your shoulders. While you come back you must be in a starting position, feet together, hands at sides and knees bent. You must land on your heels and again jump. ‎ Jogging Jogging is one of the best home exercises without weights. You don't need to have a lawn or jogging track at home to perform this exercise. There are many benefits of jogging. It will work your entire legs. Moreover, it is a classic cardiovascular (心血管的) workout. Make sure ‎ you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet. Also, you can gradually increase the jogging time and speed.‎ Rotating (旋转) exercise Start by rotating your wrists, clockwise (顺时针方向地) and anticlockwise. Now, alternately rotate your feet in the same fashion. Now place both your hands on the shoulders and start rotating your shoulders clockwise and anticlockwise. Place an exercise mat and lie flat on your back. Now lift your left leg and rotate it clockwise; do not bend your knees. Now rest the left leg, lift your right leg and rotate it anticlockwise. ‎ It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement. Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease. Also, putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively. If you get bored with exercises, just dance, after all it's also one of the best home exercises.‎ ‎21．While jogging at home, you ________.‎ A．may exercise your body entirely B．had better choose a pair of proper shoes C．should find a space as the jogging track first D．must stick to a fixed time and speed 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Jogging部分的第六句“Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet.”可知，在家中慢跑时也要确保穿慢跑鞋，以免给脚施加压力。故选B项。‎ ‎22．What is the right order of your body parts to move during ‎ rotating exercise?‎ A．Hands—legs—back—legs.‎ B．Wrists—hands—feet—shoulders.‎ C．Wrists—feet—shoulders—legs.‎ D．Hands—shoulders—knees—legs.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由Rotating exercise部分的“Start by rotating your wrists ... Now, alternately rotate your feet ... and start rotating your shoulders ... Now lift your left leg”可知，顺序为手腕、脚、肩、腿，故选C项。‎ ‎23．To carry out home exercises continuously, you need________.‎ A．a good mood and atmosphere 　B．a good coach C．a professional teacher D．a good timer 解析：选A　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise ... Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes ... putting on your favorite music ...”可知，坚持在家锻炼需要好的情绪和气氛，故选A项。‎ B One in four children younger than age five who were infected with Salmonella (沙门氏菌) got the disease from a reptile (爬行类动物) pet in a recent UK study.‎ The children with reptileassociated infections were obviously younger than other kids with Salmonella infections, more likely to be hospitalized and more likely to have invasive (扩散性的) infections that affected the blood or brain.‎ ‎“In a household with both young babies and reptiles as pets, there is good reason to exercise reasonable caution，” Dr. Daniel Murphy of Royal Cornwall Hospital in England told Reuters Health by email.‎ Salmonella is a type of bacterium most often linked with food poisoning, and generally causes symptoms such as nausea (反胃，恶心) and vomiting.However, noted Murphy, who led the new study, more serious cases can cause blood poisoning, meningitis (脑膜炎) and bone infection.‎ According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1.2 million Americans are infected with Salmonella every year. People with compromised (缺乏抵抗力的) immune systems, as well as young children and babies are the most susceptible to infection, according to Dr. Christoph Berger of the University Children's Hospital Zurich in Switzerland, who was not involved in the study.‎ Murphy and another researcher used data on Salmonella infections in children under five years old in the South West area of the UK from 2010 to 2013. They examined the records to determine whether the infected child had been exposed to reptiles like lizards or snakes and whether he or she had been hospitalized for the infection.‎ Of the 175 cases examined, 48 children had been exposed to reptiles. Among those with reptile exposure, about half were hospitalizedcompared to less than one fifth of the children without reptile exposure. The median age of kids with Salmonella cases linked to reptiles was six months old, compared to about one year among kids not exposed to reptiles.‎ Murphy recommends that parents of young children with indoor reptile pets should consider restricting the reptile's access to the same spaces the child uses.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要报道了研究者关于“五岁以下儿童接触爬行类动物易感染沙门氏菌”这一研究情况。‎ ‎24．Compared with older kids, younger ones with reptileassociated ‎ infections more likely________.‎ A．dislike keeping pets at home B．get uninterested with Salmonella C．need medical treatment in hospital D．prevent infections that affect the blood or brain 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，遭受与爬行类动物有关的感染的孩子要比其他感染沙门氏菌的孩子年龄更小，更可能需要住院治疗，更可能遭受影响血液与大脑的扩散性感染。故选C。‎ ‎25．Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.‎ A．the shape of Salmonella B．the types of bacterium C．the harm of Salmonella D．the cause of food poisoning ‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要解释了沙门氏菌引起的危害：恶心、呕吐，严重时还会引起败血症、脑膜炎和骨感染。故选C。‎ ‎26．It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that________.‎ A．only lizards and snakes belong to reptiles B．the result of the research is likely to be reliable C．Salmonella infections only occur in the UK D．Murphy and another researcher didn't work hard 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，Murphy和同伴使用了2010年到2013年间英国西南地区五岁以下儿童感染沙门氏菌的数据记录，并通过仔细检测才得出了研究结果，因此可以说：这个结果理应可靠。故选B。‎ ‎27．Of the 175 cases examined, how many kids with reptile exposure ‎ were hospitalized?‎ A．All of them.　　　　　 　B．Fortyeight.‎ C．About thirtyseven. D．About twentyfour.‎ 解析：选D　数字计算题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，接触爬行类动物的48个孩子中大约一半住院治疗了，所以其人数约为24个。故选D。‎ C ‎(2018·长春普通中学模拟)He had more than 160 reports as a reporter on the Metro desk and more than 170 in 19 months as a national journalist based in Kansas City, Mo. But perhaps the most important piece of writing that A. G. Sulzberger did for The New York Times before Wednesday — when he was named deputy publisher — was not an article and was not published in The Times, but was all about The Times.‎ That work came to be known as the “innovation (创新) report”， which zeroed in on the importance of a digital future for the newspaper his family has owned since 1896 and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes.‎ In a conversation in his office on Wednesday, Mr. Sulzberger said he saw the innovation report and the thinking that led to his conclusions as “a wakeup call to the newsroom that we were at risk of missing the moment”．‎ ‎“It was always easy to see how changes will endanger the traditions of the place，” he said, “but what became really clear to me was not changing was the more dangerous course if we cared about the traditions of the place.”‎ Unlike some of the former deputy publishers in his role, Mr. ‎ Sulzberger has been more experienced in the newsroom than in advertising or consumer marketing. Still, his colleagues described him as a quick study whose modesty masked deep inner confidence. Besides, in the newsroom or out on an assignment, Mr. Sulzberger did not show off his connection to The Times' owners. “I recognized the name，” said Vincent Bova, a video editor who figured in a feature article that Mr. Sulzberger wrote in 2010. “I mean, I knew I was dealing with royalty. There was no reason for me to bring that up with him, and he didn't.” So Mr. Sulzberger, in some way, has qualified himself for the position since long time ago.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了著名出版人A.G. Sulzberger对《纽约时报》的重要贡献，还介绍了他提出的“创新报道”理论以及他人对他的评价。‎ ‎28．A. G. Sulzberger wrote the “innovation report” mainly to ________.‎ A．urge revolutions in The Times B．gain the position of deputy publisher C．promote changes in New York City D．show directions to his family future 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，“创新报道”关注报纸数字化未来的重要性，《纽约时报》如果不改革，则将面临危机。据此可以判断，A. G. Sulzberger提及“创新报道”的目的是敦促《纽约时报》进行变革，故A项正确。‎ ‎29．What is the biggest threat to traditional media according to Mr. Sulzberger?‎ A．Scientific developments.‎ B．Rapid social changes.‎ C．Their own stubbornness.‎ D．Decreasing readers.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes”和文章中提到的“innovation report”可知，A. G. Sulzberger认为《纽约时报》如果不做出变革，则将面临危机；据此可以判断，A. G. Sulzberger认为传统媒体面临的最大的问题是它们固执己见，不思变革，故C项正确。‎ ‎30．How does the author show us what Mr. Sulzberger is like in the last paragraph?‎ A．By comparing him with others.‎ B．By interviewing him in person.‎ C．By giving examples of his routines.‎ D．By quoting comments from others.‎ 解析：选D　写作手法题。通读最后一段可知，该段第二句介绍了同事对A. G. Sulzberger的评价，第四句和第五句介绍了视频编辑Vincent Bova对他的评价；据此可以判断，最后一段是通过别人的评价来描述A. G. Sulzberger的，故D项正确。‎ ‎31．What does the author think of Mr. Sulzberger according to the passage?‎ A．Casual. B．Objective.‎ C．Admirable. D．Critical.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。通读全文可知，A. G. Sulzberger提出“创新报道”理论并前瞻性地认识到数字化时代对传统媒体的影响，意识到传统媒体变革的重要意义；据此可以判断，作者对A. G.‎ ‎ Sulzberger的态度是钦佩的，故C项正确。‎ D Standing on one leg is a simple way to assess someone's risk of suffering a stroke (中风), suggests a new study.‎ Researchers have found struggling to balance on one leg for 20 seconds or longer is linked to an increased risk of small blood vessel (血管) damage in the brain and reduced thinking ability in otherwise healthy people with no symptoms.‎ ‎“Our study found the ability to balance on one leg is an important test for brain health. Individuals showing poor balance on one leg should receive increased attention, as this may indicate an increased risk of brain diseases and cognitive (认知的) decline，” said Dr Tabara, associate professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan.‎ The study, published in the journal Stroke, consisted of 841 women and 546 men, with an average age of 67. To measure oneleg standing time, they stood with their eyes open and raised one leg. The maximum time for keeping the leg raised was 60 seconds. The participants performed the examination twice and the better of the two times was used in the study analysis.‎ The researchers found that the inability to balance on one leg for longer than 20 seconds was associated with brain diseases without symptoms. Overall, those with brain diseases were older and had high blood pressure than those who did not have such diseases.‎ Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score. Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke, this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication ‎ of their overall brain health.‎ Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age. ‎ 语篇解读：一项新研究发现，通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短能够推断出其患中风风险的大小以及认知能力是否下降。‎ ‎32．Dr Tabara suggested that one who couldn't stand on one leg for more than 20 seconds________.‎ A．try to improve his physical abilities B．receive medical treatment for brain diseases C．be given special attention to prevent accidents D．be examined for other symptoms of brain diseases 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究发现单腿站立时间不超过20秒的人可能有更大的得脑部血管疾病的风险；根据第三段第二句可知，Tabara教授建议单腿站立平衡性差的人应当受到更多的关注，因为这类人患脑部疾病和认知能力下降的风险很大。‎ ‎33．Which of the following factors might decrease oneleg standing time according to the text?‎ a．Heart diseases. b．Cognitive decline.‎ c．High blood pressure. d．The aging process.‎ e．Brain diseases.‎ A．a, b，d B．a, c, d C．b, c, e D．b, d, e 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句、第六段第一句和第七段可知，单腿站立时间短与脑部疾病(e)、认知能力的降低(b)以及年龄增长(d)有关，故选D项。‎ ‎34．What can we learn about the study from the fourth paragraph?‎ A．It was led by Dr Tabara.‎ B．It included more than 1,300 people.‎ C．It examined people of different age groups.‎ D．It required the participants to close their eyes first.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“consisted of 841 women and 546 men”可知，这项研究共有1 387人参与，故B项正确。‎ ‎35．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?‎ A．Overall Brain Health Deserves Close Attention B．Brain Diseases Without Symptoms Require Attention C．Can't Stand on One Leg? You May Be at Risk of Stroke D．Can't Keep Your Balance? You May Have Brain Damage 解析：选C　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短，研究人员能够推断出其患中风风险的大小。故C项是最佳标题。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ ‎(2018·西安一中模拟)Use only water that has been properly disinfected (消毒) for drinking, cooking, making any prepared drink, or for brushing teeth.‎ Use bottled water that has not been exposed to flood waters if it is available.‎ ‎__36__Boiling water will kill most types of diseasecausing organisms (微生物) that may be present. If the water is cloudy, filter it through clean cloth or allow it to settle, and draw off the clear water for boiling. Boil the water for one minute. __37__‎ If you can't boil water, you can disinfect it using household chemical. __38__If the water is cloudy, filter it through clean cloth or ‎ allow it to settle, and draw off the clear water for disinfection. Add 1/8 teaspoon of regular, liquid household bleach (漂白剂) for each gallon of water. __39__Store disinfected water in clean containers with covers.‎ ‎__40__If you suspect that your well may be polluted, contact your local or state health department or agriculture extension agent for specific advice.‎ A．Then stir it well and let it stand for 30 minutes before you use it.‎ B．Then let it cool, and store it in clean containers with covers.‎ C．Don't use any container that has had milk or fruit juice in it.‎ D．Chemicals like bleach will kill some, but not all types of diseasecausing organisms in the water.‎ E．If you have a well that has been flooded, the water should be tested.‎ F．If you don't have bottled water, you should boil water to make it safe.‎ G．There are many ways to filter water.‎ ‎36．解析：选F　根据后一句“Boiling water will kill most types of diseasecausing organisms (微生物) that may be present”可知前一句应与“boil water”有关，故选F。‎ ‎37．解析：选B　根据前一句“Boil the water for one minute”再结合倒数第二段最后一句“储存水”的信息可知，下文应讲，待水凉后进行存储这个步骤。‎ ‎38．解析：选D　根据前一句中的“you can disinfect it using household chemical”可知，下句应与chemical有关，故选D。‎ ‎39．解析：选A　根据前文加入“漂白剂”及下文“储存”‎ 可知，这里是消毒的中间过程“搅拌，静置”等。‎ ‎40．解析：选E　根据下文“怀疑自家的水井被污染”可知，第一句应是“如果你的水井被洪水淹没，应该检测一下水质”。故选E项。‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ I did something very liberating last week. Unfortunately, it was liberating with a dash of __41__. After waiting 75 minutes for my __42__ to see the doctor, I got __43__ and walked out. Before I exited, I asked for a form to __44__ my medical records to another practice.‎ What happened here is that my __45__ is spending more time with each patient than the medical corporation she __46__ for wants her to. My doctor is __47__ capable of spending 30 to 45 minutes in an exam room with a __48__. She likes to spend time in the room with her patients for a couple of __49__. The longer she stays, the more she hears and __50__. She picked up on one older gentleman's tendency to __51__ himself because she sat with him for 20 minutes and heard him ask the same __52__ three times. If she had __53__ the room earlier, she wouldn't have seen the need to __54__ him to a neurologist (神经专科医师) and he wouldn't have gotten some __55__ interventions for his memory loss.‎ My doctor, as a routine matter of course for every teenage patient, has the __56__ leave the room and talks to the kid about life in general; she ends the talk by slipping them her __57__ with her phone number on it and tells them that if there is anything they ever want to __58__ with her to call her. When she had this __59__ with my daughter, she explained that sometimes teens need to have an adult they can talk to who ‎ isn't their parent, and that she hears from teens more often than you would think.‎ Reducing the time doctors spend with patients is nothing new in medicine, of course. It's what young doctors are __60__ in school. To her credit, my doctor phoned me at home that evening to apologize for wasting my time. I made another appointment with her for next week, and this time, I'll bring a book to read because I know she'll keep me waiting.‎ 语篇解读：一名女大夫为了更多地了解病人的病情，勇敢地打破了医药行业的一些特殊规定，这种做法感动了作者和很多得到过她帮助的人。‎ ‎41．A.clever　　　　　　　　　 　B．stupid C．perfect D．wise 解析：选B　根据本句中的unfortunately可知此处应为stupid。作者认为自己的做法很愚蠢。‎ ‎42．A.appointment B．examination C．argument D．announcement 解析：选A　根据本句中的“to see the doctor”可知此处指与医生的预约(appointment)。‎ ‎43．A.busy B．relaxed C．mad D．worried 解析：选C　由于等了75分钟，所以作者几乎要发疯(mad)了。‎ ‎44．A.deliver B．take C．transfer D．turn 解析：选C　根据下文中的“another practice”可知作者在等了很长时间以后把自己的医疗档案转移(transfer)了。‎ ‎45．A.father B．friend C．child D．doctor 解析：选D　我的医生(doctor)在每个病人身上花费的时间更长。既然是和病人在一起，所以此处表示医生。‎ ‎46．A.works B．looks C．shelters D．goes 解析：选A　我的医生工作的时间比她为之工作(work)的公司的要求要长。‎ ‎47．A.hardly B．easily C．shortly D．suddenly 解析：选B　根据后面一句中的“likes to spend time”可知，这位医生很容易(easily)在检查室里花费很长时间。‎ ‎48．A.stranger B．relative C．patient D．colleague 解析：选C　由于是在诊断室里，所以是和病人(patient)在一起。‎ ‎49．A.reasons B．purposes C．meanings D．goals 解析：选A　她待得越久，就了解得越多，这是这位大夫喜欢和病人在一起的原因(reasons)。‎ ‎50．A.needs B．wants ‎ C．hopes D．sees 解析：选D　她与病人在一起的时间越久，就听到和看到(see)的越多。‎ ‎51．A.praise B．blame C．comment D．repeat 解析：选D　根据下文中的“three times”，可知此处表示重复(repeat)。‎ ‎52．A.person B．response C．question D．request 解析：选C　根据前面的ask，此处应表示这位老人不断问同一个问题(question)。‎ ‎53．A.entered B．left C．watched D．checked 解析：选B　如果她早些离开(leave)房间的话，她就会错过后面的问题。‎ ‎54．A.refer B．send C．introduce D．take 解析：选A　医生看到老人不断重复问同一个问题，意识到需要把他提交(refer)给神经科的医生。refer sb. to sb.“将某人送交给某人(以求获得帮助等)”。‎ ‎55．A.late B．early C．real D．fortunate 解析：选B　如果没有医生的及时发现，老人就得不到早期的(early)治疗。late“晚的”；real“真正的”；fortunate“幸运的”。‎ ‎56．A.mother B．brother C．parent D．granny 解析：选C　根据后面的“the kid”可知是与其对应的parent。‎ ‎57．A.card B．address C．phone D．bag 解析：选A　由于上面写有医生的电话，因此应是她的名片(card)。‎ ‎58．A.play B．fight C．discuss D．mix 解析：选C　医生告诉孩子如果有问题要和她讨论(discuss)的话，就给她打电话。‎ ‎59．A.trade B．talk C．quarrel D．study 解析：选B　have a talk为固定短语，表示“谈话”，根据前面的“talks to the kid”可知。‎ ‎60．A.commanded B．given C．caused D．taught 解析：选D　因为是在学校里，所以此处表示年轻的医生们被教给(taught)要减少与病人在一起的时间。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ I spent the summer of 2010 living in South Africa. If you asked me what I __61__ (real) did in South Africa, I would tell you one thing：I __62__ (listen). I listened to a Nigerian taxi driver's memories of his fifth birthday；I listened to a German kite surfer's description of the beaches of Brazil；I listened to __63__British friend's description of his grandmother's abusive __64__ (marry). I listened, and I listened. And sometimes I spoke ... __65__mostly I listened.‎ And had I not spent two months listening, I __66__ (miss) the moment a little girl at one of Noah's community __67__ (center), whispered after a long silence, “I love you.”I might have missed that, had I not learned to listen.‎ After that summer, I knew how __68__ (hear)．I could sit down with anyone and hear their stories and nod and respond at the right time — but ‎ most of the time I was contemplating (沉思) the next words out of my own mouth. Ever since my summer in South Africa, I've noticed that it's in those moments when my mouth is closed and my mind is wide open __69__ I've learned more about other people, and perhaps about __70__ (me)．‎ ‎61．really　考查副词。此处修饰动词did，应该用副词，故填really。‎ ‎62．listened　考查动词的时态。结合全文时态可知，此处应填listened。‎ ‎63．a　考查冠词。“我”倾听一位英国朋友描述他的祖母的第一段屈辱的婚姻。根据句意可知，此处泛指某位英国朋友，且 British是以辅音音素开头的词，故用不定冠词 a。‎ ‎64．marriage　考查名词。由空前的“his grandmother's abusive”可知，此处应填marry的名词形式，指“屈辱的婚姻”。‎ ‎65．but　考查并列连词。“我”有时候会说话，但是大多数时候“我”都在倾听。根据句意可知，空处表示转折，故填 but。‎ ‎66．might have missed　考查虚拟语气。空前是if引导的条件状语从句的倒装，引导词if省略，且从句是对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句用“would/might/could/should＋have done”结构，根据语境可知，此处表示不那么确定的猜测，所以填might have missed。‎ ‎67．centers　考查名词。center作“活动中心”讲时为可数名词，再由前面的one of 可知，此处填centers。‎ ‎68．to hear　考查非谓语动词。此处用“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构作knew的宾语，表示“学会了如何倾听”，故填to hear。‎ ‎69．that　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，“it's in those moments ... and perhaps about ...”是一个强调句，强调的是时间状语in ‎ those moments，故填that构成强调句型。‎ ‎70．myself　考查反身代词。此处指也许“我”更了解自己了，故填反身代词myself。‎ Ⅰ.写作规范增分练 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ Nowadays more and more people are concerning about their health, but how to keep health? First, it is necessary to take some exercise every day. Research shows that get plenty of exercise makes the heart beat fast and the lungs work harder. Second, eat more fruits, vegetable and less meat. Third, getting rid of bad habits as smoking and drinking is also important way to keep healthy. Smoking and alcohol drinking injures one's health a great deal, and therefore should be given them up. If people follow these three ways of keeping fit, they'll great improve their health.‎ 答案：第一句：concerning→concerned; 第二个health→healthy 第三句：get→getting; fast→faster 第四句：vegetable→vegetables 第五句：as→like; also后加an 第六句：injures→injure; 去掉them 第七句：great→greatly 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom近日写信给你，想了解中国高中生的体育锻炼情况。请给Tom写一封回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．中国高中生参加体育运动的现状；‎ ‎2．分析该现状出现的原因；‎ ‎3．你自己的感想。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，但不计入总词数。‎ Dear Tom，‎ Glad to receive your letter. And I'm writing to tell you something about Chinese high school students' physical exercise.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Tom, ‎ Glad to receive your letter. And I'm writing to tell you something about Chinese high school students' physical exercise.‎ With the increasing pressure from the national college entrance exam, more and more students have to sacrifice the time for sports to prepare for the exam, which is so important for their future development. They only have one P．E. class a week, obviously not enough. Actually, most of the students are eager to take part in sports, but they are so occupied with their study.‎ In my view, although it is important for them to have a better performance in the exam, health is equally important. Without a strong body, we would achieve nothing in our life. I hope all students can ‎ reorganize their timetable and try to build up their body.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ Ⅱ.单元基础回扣练 ‎(一)单句语法填空 ‎1．They are seeking to_find (find) a peaceful solution to the conflict.‎ ‎2．The number of people who run the red light was on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.‎ ‎3．A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing (share) student contact information.‎ ‎4．A volcanic eruption nearly wiped out the small island of Montserrat in 1997.‎ ‎5．It's obvious that the teacher cannot tolerate eating (eat) in class.‎ ‎(二)单句改错 ‎ ‎1．We are firmly opposed to help the young man addicted to alcohol.help→helping ‎2．We must prevent them from finding out about the plan at all cost._cost→costs ‎3．They decided to postpone start the trip, owing to the change of the weather.start→starting ‎4．In any rate, I determined to wait for his definite reply.In→At ‎5．In that case they had to submit themselves for his judgment.for→to ‎(三)完成句子 ‎1．The book is_said_to_have_been_translated_into several foreign languages.‎ 据说这本书已被翻译成几种外语。‎ ‎2．To live a lowcarbon life, some people prefer_to_take_the_bus_rather_than_drive_a_car to work.‎ 为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公共汽车也不愿自己开车去上班。‎ ‎3．It_is_very_easy_for_me_to_swim across the river.‎ 对我来说，游过这条河很容易。‎ ‎4．Living in such a highly competitive society, we have to equip_ourselves_with_as_much_knowledge_as_possible.‎ 生活在这样一个竞争异常激烈的社会，我们必须用尽可能多的知识来武装自己。‎ ‎5．These two brothers decided to go to big cities to try/seek_their_fortune.‎ 这兄弟二人决定到大城市去碰碰运气。‎