2020届人教版高考英语大一轮复习专用讲义：选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity 15页

Unit 1 A land of diversity 一、课前基础自查 ‎(一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．strait n．　　　　　　　海峡 ‎2．Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的 ‎3．ministry n. (政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责 ‎4．shave v. 刮；剃 ‎5．vice n．& adj. 代理；副职 ‎6．federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的 ‎7．aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机 ‎8．nephew n. 侄子；外甥 ‎9．tram n. (有轨)电车 ‎10．cattle n. 牛(总称)‎ ‎11．bakery n. 面包房；面包厂 ‎12．ferry n. 渡船；渡口 vt. 摆渡；渡运 ‎13．seagull n. 海鸥 ‎14．mourn v. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 ‎15．authority n. 权威；权力(pl.)当局；官方 ‎16．pole n. 地极；电极；磁极 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)‎ ‎1．rail n. 铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条 ‎2．hardship n. 苦难；困苦 ‎3.occur vi.　　　　　发生；出现 ‎4．luggage n. 行李(〈美〉baggage)‎ ‎5．thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的 ‎6．boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 ‎7．angle n. 角；角度 ‎8．civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的 ‎9．hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用 ‎10．grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 ‎11．thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的 ‎12．reform v. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改造；改良 ‎13．despite prep. 尽管；不管 ‎14．nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无 ‎15．brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 v. 刹(车)；用制动器减速 ‎16．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 ‎17．justice n. 正义；公平 ‎18．insert vt. 嵌入；插入 ‎ Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)‎ ‎1．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著 ‎2．immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)→immigrant n．(从外国移入的)移民→immigration n．移民；移居入境 ‎3．means n．方法；手段→mean v．意思是；意味着 adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的→meaning n．意思 ‎4．majority n．大多数；大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业→minority n．少数 ‎5．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．选举 ‎6．percentage n．百分比；百分率→percent adj.百分之……的 ‎7．racial adj.人种的；种族的→race n．种族；竞争 ‎8．crossing n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→cross n．十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生气的 v．使交叉；横过→across prep.在……的对面(过)‎ ‎9．applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．申请书；申请 ‎10．customs n．海关；关税；进口税→customer n．顾客 ‎11．socialist n．社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的→society n．社会→social adj.社会的→socialism n．社会主义 ‎12．indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n．迹象；标示→indicator n．指示器；指示信号 ‎13．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；‎ ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．—What is the meaning of the sign on the bottle?‎ ‎—It means “this side up”．(mean)‎ ‎2．Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)‎ ‎3．Though he failed many times in election,_he never lost heart and at last he was elected President of the USA.(elect)‎ ‎4．He indicated that an indicator should give me some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)‎ ‎5．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)‎ ‎6．One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(majority)‎ ‎7．“Walk across this street and turn left at the first crossing.” the boy told the lady.(cross)‎ ‎8．If a customer wants to bring the goods he buys abroad back to inland, he has to pay some customs when he passes through the Customs.(custom)‎ ‎9．Some socialists believe that socialism will over time turn into what they see as a more advanced system with no state, money, or social classes.(society)‎ ‎10．Over the past three years, there has been a big rise in immigration (immigrate)‎ 表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地 ‎14．conductor n．(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥→conduct v．管理 ‎15．slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n．滑动；滑倒 →slippery adj.滑的 ‎16．punishment n．惩罚；处罚→punish vt.惩罚；处罚 ‎ to the USA.‎ ‎(二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.live_on　　　　继续存在；继续生存 ‎2．mark_out 标出……界线；用线画出范围 ‎3．apply_for 申请；请示得到 ‎4．take_in 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解 ‎5．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)‎ ‎6．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎7．back_to_back 背靠背 ‎8．by_means_of_... 用……办法；借助…… ‎ ‎9．a_great/good_many 许多；很多 ‎10．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作 ‎1.I would like to apply_for admission to the English Club of our school.‎ ‎2．As senior students, it is important to keep_up a good state of mind.‎ ‎3．A signal may be given by_means_of flags, lights, and guns.‎ ‎4．If you team_up_with your classmates, you will surely get the same work done far better.‎ ‎5．These teenagers don't know much of the world yet; that's why they are so easily taken_in.‎ ‎6．The site of the new chemical fertilizer plant has been marked_out.‎ ‎7．After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them.‎ ‎(三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 ‎1.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。‎ it is likely that ...“有可能……”。‎ 很有可能有一些像地球一样的星球，在那里可能也存在生命。‎ It_is_quite_likely_that there are some planets like the earth, on which there might also be life.‎ ‎2.That is why today over 40% of That/This is ‎(2017·北京高考书面表达)‎ ‎ Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。‎ ‎ why ...“那/这就是……的原因”。‎ 那就是我认为长江之行会是更好的选择的原因。‎ That's_why_I_think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.‎ ‎3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that ...‎ 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于……‎ It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。‎ 人们认为温室气体是全球变暖的主因。‎ It_is_believed_that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.‎ 二、课堂重点深化 ‎1．majority n．大多数；大半 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The majority is/are (be) in favour of banning smoking in public.‎ ‎②The majority of astronauts from America have_been (be)men in the last few years.‎ 补全句子 ‎③The white are_in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.‎ 在澳大利亚，白人占多数而原住民占少数。‎ ‎④The_majority_of_the_damage_is easy to repair.‎ 大部分损失很容易补救。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)a/the majority of　　　　　　　 大多数……‎ in a/the majority 占多数 by/with a majority of 以多数票……‎ ‎(2)minority n. 少数 in a/the minority 占少数 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤随着物价的上涨，大多数人觉得靠他们挣的钱很难生活。‎ With the prices going up, the_majority_of_people_find_it_hard to_live_on_the_amount_of_money_they_get.‎ ‎[名师指津]　“a/the majority of＋名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。‎ ‎2．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She was elected as new Prime Minister last year.‎ ‎②If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' afterclass activities.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)elect sb. (as/to be)＋职位 ‎＝sb. be elected (as/to be)＋职位(职位前无冠词)‎ ‎(2)elect to do sth.　　　　　　 选择做某事 ‎(3)election n. 选举 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 佳句时时写 ‎③(2015·陕西高考书面表达)除此之外，我英语很好以至于被选做英语老师的助手。‎ Besides, I have such a good command of English that I_am_elected_as_assistant to_my_English_teacher.‎ ‎3．occur vi.发生；出现 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 补全句子 ‎①Suddenly a_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_but she didn't know how to speak it out.‎ 她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。‎ ‎②I suppose it_didn't_occur_to_you_to_phone the police.‎ 我想你根本就没想到打电话报警吧。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ sth. occurs/occurred to sb.　　　　　 某事被某人想起 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人想起……‎ It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 选词填空(strike/occur)‎ ‎③It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我本来打算去的，但我想起我还有一些工作要做。‎ I had meant to go, but it_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_some_work_to_do.‎ ‎4．hire n．& vt.租用；雇用 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①There are many bicycles on hire in this area.‎ ‎②There are three small boats available for hire.‎ ‎③David used to hire his car out sometimes when he didn't need it himself.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)on hire　　　　　　　　 出租 for hire 可供出租 ‎(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把……租出去(给某人)‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错对对碰(employ/hire)‎ ‎④Not having enough money, she had to hire a dress for the wedding.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤我还想知道是否包括住宿以及我是否需要租赁公寓。‎ I'd also like to know whether accommodation is included and I_need_to_hire_an_apartment.‎ ‎1．by means of ...通过；用……办法；借助……‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ by this means　　　 用这种方法 by all means　　　 当然可以；没问题 by no means 决不；一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Students build up their vocabularies by means of reading more.‎ ‎②Only by this means is (be) it possible to persuade him out of smoking.‎ 用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)‎ ‎③Without knowledge, by_no_means can we achieve our life goal.‎ ‎④By_this_means she solved the problem between the wife and husband.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)将会以给你发送邮件的方式告知你训练计划。‎ You will be informed of the training schedule by_means_of_sending_you_an_email.‎ ‎2．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)make/earn a/one's living 谋生 ‎(2)live/lead a ...life 过着……生活 come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气 bring ...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She had to look for parttime babysitting jobs these years to_make (make) a living.‎ 补全句子 ‎②When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.‎ 当艾丽丝苏醒时，她不知道已经在那儿躺了多久。‎ 佳句时时写 ‎③(2017·天津高考书面表达)我很想念你，想起了你帮我习惯新生活的快乐时光。‎ I've missed you a lot, thinking_about_those_happy_moments_when_you_helped_me make_a_life.‎ ‎3．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中take in的含义 ‎①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留 ‎②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收 ‎③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括 ‎④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺骗 ‎⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ take off　　　　　 脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)‎ take over 接收；接管；接任；取代 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错对对碰(take on/take over)‎ ‎⑥After his father passed away, he took_over the business.‎ ‎⑦Our factory will take_on twenty more workers next month to increase output.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑧(2016·浙江高考书面表达)比赛的前一个月，我花了几个小时列出日程安排包括我的目标和实际步骤。‎ A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule taking_in_my_goals_and practical_steps.‎ ‎4．This/That is why ...“这/那就是……的原因”‎ ‎　[教材原句]　That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①That's_why more and more people in China are interested in learning English.‎ 那就是越来越多的中国人对学英语感兴趣的原因。‎ ‎②From space, the earth looks blue. This_is_because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。‎ ‎③The reason why he has had such a great success is that he never gives up.‎ 他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ ‎(1)This/That's why ... 　　　　　 这/那就是……的原因 ‎(2)This/That is because ... 这/那是因为……‎ ‎(3)The reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Being late is not welcome. That's why you should arrive earlier than the fixed time.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)(2018·北京高考书面表达)I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you. This is because the university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.‎ ‎③(增分要点句)(2017·北京高考书面表达)The reason why I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River is that we can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people.‎ 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“历史事件，文化渊源”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 话题词汇记一记 子话题(一)　历史变迁 温故浅易词汇 ‎①ancestor　 　 　②announce　 　 　③nation ‎④defend ⑤history ⑥population 识记生疏词汇 ‎①origin n．起源；由来　 ②previous adj.早先的 ‎③aggression n．侵略 ④primitive adj.原始的 ‎⑤abolish vt.废除；取消 ⑥immigrant n．移民 ‎⑦ancient adj.古代的 ⑧symbol n．象征 ‎⑨reflect v．反映 ⑩religious adj.宗教的 子话题(二)　历史事件 温故浅易词汇 ‎①battle　 　②incident　 　③slavery　 　④dynasty ‎⑤weapon ⑥revolution ⑦historical ⑧escape ‎⑨historic ⑩defeat ⑪stand 识记生疏词汇 ‎①uprising n．起义　　　　　②massacre n．大屠杀 ‎③invade vt.侵略 ④occupy vt.攻占；忙于 ‎⑤compass n．指南针 ⑥gunpowder n．火药 ‎⑦papermaking n．造纸术 ⑧printing n．印刷术 ‎⑨attack vt.& n．进攻；攻击 ⑩explode vi.爆炸 常用词块忆一忆 ‎①in peace和平　 　 　　　 ②at war交战 ‎③turn against背叛 ④get prepared for为……做准备 ‎⑤date back to追溯到 ⑥defend ...against ...防御……‎ ‎⑦date from起源于；始于 ⑧break out爆发 ‎⑨Long March长征 ⑩have a history of有……的历史 ‎⑪on behalf of代表 ⑫come to power上台执政 ‎⑬in the long run从长远来看 ‎⑭vote for/against投票支持/反对 ‎⑮declare war on对……宣战 ⑯Chinese civilization中华文明 ‎⑰cradle of civilization文明的摇篮 ‎⑱the May 4th Movement五四运动 ‎⑲in memory of为了纪念……‎ 写作佳句背一背 ‎①In ancient times, the fastest way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.‎ ‎②At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days.‎ ‎③Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.‎ 二、“分步写作”表达准一点 话题应用文分步写作 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市——成都来旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况，内容包括：‎ ‎1．城市的地位；　2.城市的历史和人口；　3.景点和美食。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：武侯祠 Wuhou Temple Dear Jack，‎ I'm really glad that you're coming to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I hope you'll enjoy your stay in Chengdu.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：介绍信(地点介绍)　②人称：主要是第三人称　③时态：主要是一般现在时 ‎2．本文由于开头和结尾部分已给出，且中间部分所给3个要点也比较明确，按这3个要点构思即可，不容易遗漏。‎ 要点1：介绍成都这座城市的地位。‎ 要点2：介绍成都的历史、人口。‎ 要点3：介绍成都的景点和美食(名胜古迹，火锅和当地小吃)。‎ 要点1：成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。‎ Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.‎ 要点2：它有2 300多年的悠久历史。它的人口超过1 600万。‎ It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years.It_has_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.‎ 要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹。‎ There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.‎ 要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名。‎ It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展和升级。‎ ‎1．要点1介绍成都时可以添加同位语“四川省的省会”。‎ ‎2．要点2用介词with表示伴随合并升级。‎ ‎3．要点3－①“有许多名胜古迹”可用such as来列举详细的景点名称。‎ ‎4．要点3－②可以添加地点状语“在国内外”。‎ ‎5．在介绍完成都后可添加总结句“一旦你来这里，你将不想离开”。‎ 拓展要点1：成都，四川省的省会，是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。(同位语)‎ Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.‎ 升级要点2：它有2 300多年的悠久历史，人口超过1 600万。(with表示伴随)‎ It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.‎ 拓展要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹，例如武侯祠和青城山。(such as)‎ There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.‎ 拓展要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃闻名国内外。(home and abroad)‎ It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.‎ 总结句：一旦你来这里，你将不想离开。(once引导条件状语从句)‎ Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文可以采用“总分总”结构组织全文。在介绍景点和美食之前可以用“It's really a very beautiful city.”总述，然后用besides把要点连接起来。‎ Dear Jack，‎ I'm really glad that you're coming to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it.‎ Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.‎ It's_really_a_very_beautiful_city.There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.Besides,_it_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.‎ I hope you will enjoy your stay in Chengdu.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 ‎1．(2016·北京高考)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred (occur). ‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house.‎ ‎3．(2015·福建高考)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants (apply) to attend the opening ceremony.‎ ‎4．(2015·湖南高考)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully (thankful) by the shop window.‎ ‎5．(2014·江苏高考)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year's election(elect)．‎ ‎6．(2014·湖北高考)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but slipped (slip) and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.‎ ‎7．(2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully (thoughtful) written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.‎ Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 ‎(选用occur, thankful, apparent, slip, hire, take in填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __52__ to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I knew. That stranger was my son！occurred ‎2．(2014·湖北高考完形填空)One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself __50__ for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family！thankful ‎ ‎3．(2013·江苏高考完形填空)Four years later, I moved back into town.I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to __53__ a handful of people.take_in ‎4．(2011·四川高考完形填空)I kept travelling between London and here and felt lighter than I had in months.In December 2008, I was __31__as a hotel manager and moved here full time.hired ‎5．(2010·湖南高考完形填空)Soon it became __42__ that we were getting nowhere. I began to picture the rest of the day in the forest, without food or drink.apparent ‎6．(2010·山东高考完形填空)All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was an easy move. I was concentrating so much on keeping the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look where I was going. I missed my partner's box altogether and __46__.slipped 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：每个国家都有其发展历史，尤其是作为四大文明古国之一的中国更是以悠久的历史和灿烂的文明闻名于世，这也成为高考的关注点。因此，应聚焦历史变迁，多关注历史上人物介绍、地方的兴衰以及文化的迁移和影响。考生学习和了解一定的历史知识，不仅能从过去的历史人物身上和历史事件中得到启发，了解事情的发展和迁移，对现在生活也会产生积极的影响。‎ ‎[话题感悟]‎ 学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ‎(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)[1]Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.‎ ‎[2]Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.‎ ‎[3]But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as ‎ quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大城市——道森市的历史、发展与现状。‎ ‎1．What attracted the early settlers to New York City?‎ A．Its business culture.‎ B．Its small population.‎ C．Its geographical position.‎ D．Its favourable climate.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places ... New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，纽约市吸引早期定居者之处就是它靠近哈德逊河入海口，交通和贸易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。故选C。‎ ‎2．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?‎ A．Twothirds of them stayed there.‎ B．One out of five people got rich.‎ C．Almost everyone gave up.‎ D．Half of them died.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.”可知，在最先的两万名淘金者中，有4 000人变得富有了，即有五分之一的人变得富有了。故选B。‎ ‎3．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?‎ A．They found the city too crowded.‎ B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.‎ C．There were unable to stand the winter.‎ D．They were short of food.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The city was crowded ... new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，人们离开道森去阿拉斯加碰运气了。故选B。‎ ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．The rise and fall of a city.‎ B．The gold rush in Canada.‎ C．Journeys into the wilderness.‎ D．Tourism in Dawson.‎ 解析：选A　主旨大意题。文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落和现状，由此可知，文章主要以加拿大城市道森为例讲述了城市的兴衰。故选A。‎ 学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 主旨大意技法(5)——利用正确选项的三大特征解题 ‎(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文；‎ ‎(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；‎ ‎(3)精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。‎ 以上面文章及第4题为例：文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，并引出道森这一城市的兴起(rise)；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落(fall)和现状。A项(The rise and fall of a city.)符合上面讲的三点。‎