2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland学案设计（31页word解析版） 29页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版Unit 2Working the land单元学案设计 ‎【单元基础词汇回顾】‎ 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．statistic n．　　　　　　 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料 ‎2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 ‎3．super adj. 特级的；超级的 ‎4．output n. 产量；输出 ‎5．circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传 ‎6．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 ‎7．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领 ‎8．personality n. 性格；个性；人格 ‎9．chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎10．organic adj.　　 　 　 有机的；器官的；组织的 ‎11．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 ‎12．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥 ‎13．bacteria n． (bacterium的复数形式) 细菌 ‎14．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物 ‎15．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 ‎16．mineral n. 矿物；矿石 ‎17．skim vt. 浏览；略读 ‎18．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调 ‎19．industrial adj. 工业的；产业的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎1．struggle vi.& n．　　　 斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎2．decade n. 十年；十年期 ‎3．crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量 ‎4．hunger n. 饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi. (使)饥饿 ‎5．disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的 ‎6．expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展 ‎7．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎8．rid vt.　　　 　　　　　 摆脱；除去 ‎9．freedom n. 自由；自主 ‎10．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 ‎11．equip vt.& vi. 配备；装备 ‎12．export vt.& vi. 输出；出口 ‎13．confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难 ‎14．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔 ‎15．production n. 生产；制造　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎16．discovery n．　　　　　 发现；发觉 ‎17．focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 ‎18．soil n. 土壤 ‎19．reduce vt. 减少；减缩 ‎20．root n. 根；根源 ‎21．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要 ‎22．comment n. 评论；议论 vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎23．nationality n．　　　　　 国籍 ‎24．thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎25．rid_...of 使……摆脱或除去 ‎26．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎27．would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎28．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎29．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎30．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎31．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)‎ ‎1.statistic n. 数据；统计；统计数字；‎ ‎ 统计资料 ‎2.sunburnt adj.‎ ‎ 晒黑的 ‎3.output n. 产量；输出 ‎4.circulate vt.& vi.‎ ‎ 循环；流传 ‎5.personality n. 性格；个性；人格 ‎6.chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的 ‎7.fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥 ‎8.bacteria n. 细菌 ‎9.nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物 ‎10.skim vt. 浏览；略读 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.crop n．　　　庄稼；农作物；产量 ‎2.battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗 ‎3.rid vt. 摆脱；除去 ‎4.soil n. 土壤 ‎5.root n. 根；根源 ‎6.summary n. 总结；摘要；概要 核 心 单 词 练 通 ‎1.Our foreign trade has expanded (扩大) during recent years.‎ ‎2.The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (减少) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ ‎3.Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus (焦点) of attention.‎ ‎4.I don't regret (后悔) telling her what I thought.‎ ‎5.The reporter commented (评论) that the film Lost and Love ‎ was very moving.‎ ‎6.Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.‎ ‎7.She has had much food high in fibre recently.Therefore (因此), she becomes slim.‎ ‎8.Thanks to their support and help, we were not so badly off during the past decade (十年)．‎ ‎9.Having struggled (努力) for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的 ‎2.freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的 ‎3.production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产→producer n．生产者；制片人 ‎4.discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者 ‎5.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．装备；设备(不可数)‎ ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)‎ ‎2.He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)‎ ‎3.The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries,_it benefits us greatly.(discover)‎ ‎4.Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb)‎ ‎6.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的 ‎7.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.扰乱的→disturb vt.扰乱；打扰 ‎8.nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的 ‎5.Paper produced every year is three times the weight of the world's production of vehicles.(produce)‎ ‎6.As long as national types are not taken too seriously, it's fun trying to guess a person's nationality from their personality.(nation)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“因此”家族 ‎①therefore adv.　　因此；所以 ‎②so conj. 因此；所以 ‎③thus adv. 因此；于是 ‎④consequently adv. 所以；因此 ‎⑤as a result 结果；因此 ‎2.“评论”名词知多少 ‎①comment　　　　评论；议论 ‎②remark 评论 ‎③review 回顾；复习；评论 ‎④criticism 批评 ‎⑤statement 声明；陈述 ‎⑥announcement 声明；通告 ‎3.加后缀ment构成的名词面面观 ‎①equip→equipment　　　　装备 ‎②develop→development 发展 ‎③move→movement 移动 ‎④establish→establishment 建立 ‎⑤employ→employment 雇用 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.rid_...of　　　　　　　使……摆脱或除去 ‎2.be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎3.would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎4.build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎5.be_rich_in 盛产 ‎　　In order to ①rid local people of poverty, he made up his mind to ②build_up his business. More and more people have good jobs and earn a great deal of money at present. However, he ③is not satisfied_with what he has achieved.‎ 第二组 ‎1.thanks_to　 　 　　　　幸亏；由于；因为 ‎2.lead_to 导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎3.focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎4.keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎5.in_addition 另外 ‎　　As we all know, too much work and too little rest often ①lead_to illness. To live a long and active life, we should build up good relationships with each other. ②In_addition,_we should use new energy to ③keep our environment free_from/of pollution.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦 ‎①be satisfied with　　　对……感到满意 ‎②be content with 对……满意 ‎③be pleased with 对……满意 ‎④be familiar with 对……熟悉 ‎⑤be bored with 对……厌烦 ‎⑥be busy with 忙于……‎ ‎⑦be popular with 受……欢迎 ‎⑧be patient with 对……有耐心 ‎⑨be strict with 对……严格要求 ‎2.“集中注意力”聚焦 ‎①focus on　　　　　　集中注意力于 ‎②be absorbed in 全神贯注于 ‎③pay attention to 注意 ‎④concentrate on 集中精力于 ‎3.free短语荟萃 ‎①keep free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎②as free as a bird 自由自在 ‎③free and easy 自由自在的 ‎④set free 释放 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.If so, what did you do to grow them？‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。‎ 你愿意加入我们校乒乓球队吗？如果愿意，请尽快给我发邮件。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ Would you like to join our school table tennis team? If_so,_please email me as soon as possible.‎ ‎2.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.‎ ‎1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。‎ the first/last/best ... ＋n.＋to do sth.“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的人/物”。‎ 她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。‎ She is always the first person to_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave,_which I guess is why she is promoted so quickly.‎ ‎3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。‎ ‎“make it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构。‎ 你的微笑是使得你结识新人最强大的工具之一。‎ Your smile is one of the strongest tools that make_it_possible_for_you_to_meet new people.‎ ‎4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ would rather do sth.“宁愿做……”。‎ 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。‎ Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities.‎ ‎【课堂核心知识突破】‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　I would like to make comments on the situation of the Africa. I regret ________ (say)❶ that most people there struggle against natural disasters and lead a miserable life ________ lack of❷ nutrition.They are poorly equipped with farming facilities, so the crop output is greatly reduced. Luckily, they focus on learning advanced technology from developed countries and build up the food supply. If so❸， I hold the firm belief that all these measures will lead to a great improvement in their life.‎ ‎1.①处所填词的正确形式为 to_say。‎ ‎2.②处应填介词 for，所构成短语的意思为“因缺少”。‎ ‎3.③处为条件状语从句的省略，完整形式是 If_it_is_so，意为“如果是这样的话”。如果表示否定意义，用 If_not。‎ ‎1．comment n．评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 ‎(1)comment on/upon sth.　　　　 对……发表评论 comment that ... 评论……‎ ‎(2)make comments on/about ... 对……加以评论 no comment 无可奉告 ‎[多角练透]‎ 一句多译 老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。‎ ‎①The teacher often comments_on/upon how different the two boys are.‎ ‎②The teacher often makes_comments_on/about how different the two boys are.‎ 补全句子 ‎③—Can you say something about the present situation?‎ ‎—Sorry, no_comment!‎ ‎——你能对当前的形式说说自己的看法吗？‎ ‎——对不起，无可奉告！‎ ‎2．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔 ‎(1)regret 后悔做了某事(已做过)‎ regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)‎ ‎(2)with great regret 非常遗憾 to one's regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Li Ping did not regret giving/having_given (give) the comment but felt that she could have expressed it differently.‎ ‎②We regret to_inform (inform) you that your application has not been successful.‎ 句型转换 ‎③Much to our regret, we will not be able to visit you next year.‎ ‎→To_our_great_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next ‎ year.‎ ‎3．struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎 struggle for　　　　　　　　　　 为……而斗争 struggle with/against sb./sth. 与……做斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead (lead) an active life. ‎ ‎②They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.‎ ‎③To get an education, he was struggling against/with many difficulties.‎ 补全句子 ‎④Bravely, Mary struggled_to_her_feet,_and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.‎ 玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。‎ ‎4．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备 ‎(1)equip ...with ...　　　 　 用……装备……‎ equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为了(做)某事而装备……‎ be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/差的 ‎(2)equipment n．[U] 装备；设备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Having equipped himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.‎ ‎②It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to_speak (speak)．‎ ‎③Equipped (equip) with new scientific farming methods, farmers have been able to use less farmland than in the past.‎ 补全句子 ‎④You should equip_yourself_with_the_knowledge_you_can_acquire. Only thus can you be confident of yourself.‎ 你应该用你能得到的知识来装备自己，只有这样你才能对自己充满信心。‎ ‎⑤What_kind_of_equipment should you use?‎ 你应该使用哪种设备呢？‎ ‎5．reduce vt.减少；减缩 reduce ... by ...　　　　　 把……减少了……‎ reduce ... to ... 把……减少到……；‎ ‎ 把……变为某种状态 be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Many countries in Latin America have been trying to_reduce (reduce) gaps in income, so that people can live in harmony.‎ ‎②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.‎ ‎③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty ‎ kilometres an hour.‎ 补全句子 ‎④Believe it or not, the rich man should_be_reduced_to_begging for a living.‎ 信不信由你，那个富人竟然沦落至乞讨为生。‎ ‎[联想发散]　reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase, rise(增加)。‎ ‎6．build up逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累；创办 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中build up的含义 ‎①Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.积累 ‎②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增加 ‎③We should take part in sports and outdoor activities, which are really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life.增强……的体质 ‎④It is said that she has built up a very successful business.建立；创办 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ pick up　　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载 take up 拿起；开始；从事；占据(时间或空间)‎ make up 虚构；弥补；组成 break up ‎ 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假 选用以上短语填空 ‎⑤A neighbour downstairs asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke_up.‎ ‎⑥It didn't take me long to pick_up the basic knowledge of the language.‎ ‎⑦I must get rid of this large table, it takes_up too much room.‎ ‎⑧There are more than two million farmers, making_up two thirds of the total population of the province.‎ ‎7．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……‎ lead sb. to do sth.　　　　　　 使某人做某事 lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being_caught (catch)．‎ ‎②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practise (practise) speaking English in an interesting way.‎ ‎③Under the leadership of the local government, people there are leading a happy life.‎ 一句多译 众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。‎ ‎④As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_leads_to_failure.‎ ‎⑤As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_results_in_failure.(result)‎ ‎[名师指津]　lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。表示导致的短语还有：result in, contribute to等。‎ ‎8．if so “如果是这样的话”，是if条件从句的省略形式 If_so,_what did you do to grow them?‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ if so表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。‎ if ever　　　　　　　 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果有可能 if necessary 如果有必要 ‎①If_so,_please respond to me as quickly as possible.‎ 如果是这样的话，请尽快给我回信。‎ ‎②If_not,_let me know what time suits you best.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ 如果不行的话，告诉我什么时间最适合你。‎ ‎③If_possible,_try to go to bed and get up at the same time every day.‎ 如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。‎ ‎④The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30℃ in summer.‎ 这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　As we all know, there is a generation gap between children and parents. Nowadays, children have more freedom, they can do ________❶ they like.I felt very upset because my little son was very hard ________ (get)❷ along with. He would rather focus all his attention on computer games than have a talk with me. As a result, we often had a heated quarrel. Thanks to❸ the teacher's help, he finally rid himself of this bad habit.‎ ‎1.①处缺一适当的引导词，可填入 what，该词引导的从句为宾语从句，并且在从句中作宾语。‎ ‎2.②处所填词的正确形式为 to_get。‎ ‎3.③处短语Thanks to的意思为“多亏；幸亏”。‎ ‎9．focus vt.集中；聚焦n.焦点；中心点 ‎(1)focus on/upon　　　 集中(注意力、精力)于 focus one's attention/eyes/energy on ...‎ ‎ 集中注意力/目光/精力于……‎ ‎(2)the focus of ... ……的焦点/中心 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more on/upon your career while you are young.‎ ‎②With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.‎ ‎③With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt ‎ very nervous.‎ 补全句子 ‎④It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the_focus_of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.‎ 这表明当今一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短语还有：‎ concentrate one's attention on; fix one's attention on; pay attention to等。‎ ‎10．would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”‎ He would much rather_keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ 句中would rather (not) do sth. 意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.‎ ‎②Tom would rather sleep all day than play computer games for a long time.‎ 一句多译 简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。‎ ‎③Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay (stay) in the library than go to see a movie.‎ ‎④Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to_stay (stay) in the library rather ‎ than go to see a movie.‎ ‎⑤Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers staying (stay) in the library to going to see a movie.‎ ‎【课后综合知识运用】‎ ‎ [单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Without the help of the modern equipment (equip), these experiments would not be performed smoothly.‎ ‎2．In some poor African areas, many children died of hunger (hungry) every year.‎ ‎3．It's disturbing (disturb) that I can't get along well with my new neighbor.‎ ‎4．I'm not very satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence.‎ ‎5．The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car to_reduce (reduce) air pollution.‎ ‎6．I regret to_tell (tell) you that your problems are beyond my power. You'll have to turn to some other one, I'm afraid.‎ ‎7．I'd appreciate it if you could make helpful comments on/about my work.‎ ‎8．His recent discoveries (discover) have added to his reputation in the field of science.‎ ‎9．Neil Armstrong was the first man to_land (land) on the moon in July, 1969.‎ ‎10．My mother would rather I focused (focus) more attention on my ‎ study.‎ ‎11．Dina, having_struggled (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎12．Questioning can lead to searching (search) for an answer.‎ ‎13．He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone else's occupation (occupy)．‎ ‎14．Thanks to Dr. Smith, my mother can walk around again now.　‎ ‎15．Our math teacher gave us too much information, so that everyone got confused (confuse)．‎ Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 ‎1．众所周知，我们生活在所谓的信息时代。(what)‎ As is known to us, we live in what_is_called_the_information_age.　‎ ‎2．开始你可能有些困难，如果是这样的话，请给我们打电话。(状语从句的省略)‎ You may have some difficulty at first. If_so,_please ring us.‎ ‎3．大雨使我们更难按时到达那里。(make it＋adj.＋动词不定式)‎ The heavy rain made_it_harder_for_us_to_get_there on time.‎ ‎4．锻炼有助于我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。(build)‎ Taking exercise helps_us_build_up_our_body and keep a clear mind.‎ ‎5．你应该改掉那些可能损害你健康的坏习惯。(rid)‎ You should get_rid_of_the_bad_habits that might damage your health.‎ Ⅲ.一句多译/句式升级 ‎1．他们宁愿尝试后不成功也不愿放弃这个计划。‎ ‎①They_would_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(would do ...rather than do ...)‎ ‎②They_prefer_to_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(prefer to do ... rather than do ...)‎ ‎③They_would_rather_try_and_fail_than_give_up_the_plan.(would rather do ...than do ...)‎ ‎2．趁着年轻我们应该努力学习，如果不这样，迟早我们会后悔的。‎ ‎①We should study hard while we are young. If_we_don't_study_hard,_we will regret sooner or later.‎ ‎②We should study hard while we are young.If_not,_we will regret sooner or later.(省略句)‎ ‎3．很多人去了纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。‎ ‎①Many people moved to New York, which_made_it_the_largest_city in the USA.(定语从句)‎ ‎②Many people moved to New York, making_it_the_largest_city in the USA.(分词作状语)‎ ‎[高考拆组训练]‎ 阅读理解组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·杭州质检)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we ‎ met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn't really done anything yet.‎ I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend's mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn't want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it.‎ Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others' presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.‎ In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.‎ ‎1．Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?‎ A．He built shelters for them.‎ B．He gave immediate first aid to them.‎ C．He came to stay with them.‎ D．He brought mental health professionals.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．What did the author do when his friend's mother passed away?‎ A．He hesitated over whether to go.‎ B．He went to his friend's at once.‎ C．He knew what to do instantly.‎ D．He decided not to disturb his friend.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately ...I was torn about what to do.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。‎ ‎3．What has the author learned from his experience?‎ A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ B．Being present can make a big difference.‎ C．The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.‎ D．Being a volunteer can make one's life more significant.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly ...are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。‎ B Square foot gardening is a type of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew.It is based on the idea that the wide rows in traditional gardening are a waste of time, work, water and area.It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.In this method, the garden space is divided into “beds”．Each bed is 4’×4’(16 sq ft) (120cm×120cm, 1.4m2)．The beds are separated by paths (小路)．These beds are further divided into squares of about one square ‎ foot.Common spacing is one plant per square for larger plants such as broccoli, four per square for medium large plants like lettuce, nine per square for ‎ medium small plants like spinach, and sixteen per square for small plants such as onions and carrots.The weeds (杂草) are removed from the beds and the plants are watered from the paths.This stops the soil from being compacted (压紧)．‎ Benefits of square foot gardening：‎ ‎·Much less work.Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose.‎ ‎·Water savings.The loose ground holds the water better.This type of garden needs water less often than other methods.Also, water is placed very near the plant roots.Less water is wasted.‎ ‎·Very few weeds.The vegetables form a living mulch (覆盖物) and shade out many weeds before they can start to grow.‎ ‎·Pesticides (杀虫剂) are not needed.Natural ways to keep pests away work very well in a close space.Many different types of plants in a small area also stop plant diseases from spreading easily.‎ ‎4．Why does square foot gardening become popular?‎ A．It makes full use of space.‎ B．It is suggested by Mel Bartholemew.‎ C．It provides more vegetables for people.‎ D．It produces vegetables of higher quality.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.”可知，平方尺菜园能够充分利用空间。‎ ‎5．Why is the gardening called square foot gardening?‎ A．Because vegetables are grown in the squares.‎ B．Because you can grow vegetables anywhere by using it.‎ C．Because the smallest bed in it is only one square foot.‎ D．Because the places where vegetables are grown are too small.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据其名称和第一段的“These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.”可知正确答案。‎ ‎6．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Loose soil is good for plant growth.‎ B．Onions and carrots need more space.‎ C．Compacted soil is important to some plants.‎ D．Square foot gardening needs some heavy tools.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话和下文“Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.”可知，松散的土壤有利于植物的生长。‎ ‎7．Why are there fewer weeds in square foot gardening?‎ A．Because weed killers are used.‎ B．Because weeds can't get sunlight.‎ C．Because weeds are short of water.‎ D．Because weeds have been removed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。从Benefits of square foot gardening的第三条可知，蔬菜遮住了杂草的阳光，因为见不到阳光，所以杂草很少。‎ C ‎(2018·济南高考模拟)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.‎ Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters.‎ ‎ The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.‎ Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.‎ Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.‎ Such well mannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry (彬彬有礼)．‎ 语篇解读：在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情，并赞扬了这种良好的品质。‎ ‎8．What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．A brave action.　　　　 B．Sacrifice spirit.‎ C．A considerate action. D．Selfish behavior.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出，这是一种体贴的行为，故选C项。‎ ‎9．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him？　‎ A．He was in a hurry.‎ B．He would wait for her.‎ C．He would pass her rudely.‎ D．He was a man with good manners.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯，故选C项。‎ ‎10．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?‎ A．He might be a waiter of the café.‎ B．He might have an urgent business to do.‎ C．He loved a daughter of the author.‎ D．He would hold the door open for all.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time.”以及下文谈到她们都来不及对那个男人说一声谢谢可推知，那个男人上楼梯，一次上两级台阶，应该是有急事要做，故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·郑州市第一次质量预测)‎ Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy?‎ Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. __1__‎ ‎ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.‎ Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers — something they typically avoided. __2__ None of the chatters reported being rejected.‎ Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). __3__ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached.‎ ‎__4__ In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. __5__‎ A．The same is true of gallery goers.‎ B．But don't play down small talk just yet.‎ C．They found that small talk is related to happiness.‎ D．Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.‎ E．Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.‎ F．A “curious mindset”， the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions”．‎ G．Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.‎ ‎1．选B　根据上文的“In one study, researchers ... related to happiness.”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.”可知，空格前后表示转折关系，所以选B项“但是，不要贬低聊天的重要性”。‎ ‎2．选D　根据下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected.”可推知，应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。‎ ‎3．选A　根据下文的“chat with gallery goers”可知，应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。‎ ‎4．选G　根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大，所以选G项。‎ ‎5．选F　根据上文的“But people who were ... into personal exchanges.”可推知，具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动，所以选F项。‎