2020届人教版高中英语复习必修5学案：Unit1Greatscientists 25页

Unit 1 Great scientists 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．characteristic n．　　　　 特征；特性 ‎2．radium n. 镭 ‎3．analyse vt. 分析 ‎4．physician n. 医生；内科医师 ‎5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)‎ ‎6．victim n. 受害者 ‎7．enquiry n. 询问　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎8．neighbourhood n．　 　　 附近；邻近 ‎9．pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水)‎ ‎10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)‎ ‎11．chart n. 图表 ‎12．backward adv.& adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎1．painter n．　　 　　　　 画家；油漆匠 ‎2．scientific adj. 科学的 ‎3．conclude vt.& vi. 结束；推断出 ‎4．conclusion n. 结论；结束 ‎5．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败 ‎6．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎7．attend vt.　　　 　　　 照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎8．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎9．cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 ‎10．challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 ‎11．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第五屏听写]‎ ‎12．suspect vt.　　　 　　 认为；怀疑 n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎13．severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ‎14．foresee vt. 预见；预知 ‎15．blame vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 ‎16．pollute vt. 污染；弄脏　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎17．handle n．　　　 　　　 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵 ‎18．link vt.& n. 连接；联系 ‎19．announce vt. 宣布；通告 ‎20．instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导 ‎21．construct vt. 建设；修建 ‎22．construction n. 建设；建筑物 ‎23．contribute vt.& vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎24．positive adj.　　　　　 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎25．movement n. 移动；运动；动作 ‎26．spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)‎ ‎27．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 ‎28．cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的 ‎29．reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃 ‎30．universe n. 宇宙；世界　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎31．put_forward　　 　 　　提出 ‎32．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎33．expose_...to 使显露；暴露 ‎34．link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎35．apart_from 除……之外；此外 ‎36．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 ‎37．make_sense 讲得通；有意义　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、刷清单—— ‎ (一)核心单词 阅读单词 ‎1.characteristic n．　特征；特性 ‎2．radium n. 镭 ‎3．analyse vt. 分析 ‎4．physician n. 医生；内科医师 ‎5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作 ‎6.victim n．　　　　受害者 ‎7．enquiry n. 询问 ‎8．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近 ‎9．pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水)‎ ‎10.firework n．　　　　　烟火(燃放)‎ ‎11．chart n. 图表 ‎12．backward adv.&adj. 向后地(的)；‎ 相反地(的)；退步地(的)‎ 表达单词 ‎1.painter n．　　　　　　　画家；油漆匠 ‎2．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 ‎ n. 失败 ‎3．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 ‎ n. 专家；行家 ‎4．attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎5．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．Children, when exposed (暴露) to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.‎ ‎2．His grandmother used to make a living by spinning (纺) thread.‎ ‎3．Blamed (责备) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.‎ ‎4．The army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty defeating (打败) the enemy.‎ ‎5．He is good at handling (操纵) the huge calculating machine.‎ ‎6．cure n. 治愈；痊愈；治疗方法 ‎ vt. 治愈；治疗 ‎7．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 ‎8．suspect vt. 怀疑 ‎ n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎9．foresee vt. 预见；预知 ‎10．blame vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 ‎11．pollute vt. 污染；弄脏 ‎12．handle n. 柄；把手 ‎ vt. 处理；操纵 ‎13．link vt.&n. 连接；联系 ‎14．positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎15．movement n. 移动；运动；动作 ‎16．spin vi.&vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)‎ ‎17．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 ‎18．universe n. 宇宙；世界 ‎6．He finished the work in a positive (积极的) way.‎ ‎7．He was so ill that two nurses were attending (照顾) on him.‎ ‎8．Researchers find cures (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests' plant and animal life.‎ ‎9．Suspecting (怀疑) the traveler of carrying drugs, the customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.‎ ‎10．If you foresee (预知；预见) something, you expect and believe that it will happen.‎ ‎11．This river is so polluted (污染) that it's unsafe for swimming and fishing.‎ ‎12．It is obvious that there is a direct link (联系) between the disease and diet.‎ 拓 展 单 词 ‎1.scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 ‎2．conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎3．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 ‎4．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严厉地 ‎5．announce vt.宣布；通告 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth. I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)‎ ‎2．The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)‎ ‎3．Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)‎ ‎4．The great bridge under construction is designed ‎ ‎→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员 ‎6．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．指导；指示；用法说明 ‎7．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 ‎8．contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．捐献；贡献 ‎9．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎10．reject vt.拒绝；抛弃；不接受→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃 by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)‎ ‎5．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge. Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)‎ ‎6．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)‎ ‎7．In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.put_forward　　　 　　　提出 ‎2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎3．expose_..._to 使显露；暴露 ‎4．link_..._to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎5．apart_from 除……之外；此外 ‎6．make_sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎7．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 ‎8．be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备 ‎9．look_into 调查 ‎10．lead_to 导致；通向 ‎11．be_determined_to_do_sth. 决定做某事 ‎12．slow_down 慢下来；减速 ‎13．come_to_an_end 结束 ‎14．be_responsible_for 对……负责 ‎1.Everyone is supposed to put_forward some suggestions on how to improve our environment at the meeting.‎ ‎2．We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.‎ ‎3．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.‎ ‎4．We can't draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.‎ ‎5．Eating too much fat can lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.‎ ‎6．I think that it is I rather than my sister that am_to_blame for what has happened.‎ ‎7．Don't waste time thinking about a sentence which doesn't make_sense.‎ ‎8．Apart_from the English class, I took an active ‎ part in English Corner and other afterclass English activities.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ neither ... nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分。‎ 秋天，既不太热又不太冷。(2014·天津高考书面表达)‎ In autumn, it's neither_too_hot_nor_too_cold.‎ ‎2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。‎ every time“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。‎ 每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。‎ Every_time_I_went_to_see_her,_she was absorbed in her research work.‎ ‎3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。‎ 只有我们坚持贯彻改革开放的政策，我们就能在各个领域得取更大的成就。‎ Only if we persist in carrying out the reform and opening policy, will_we_achieve_greater_success_in_every_field.‎ ‎(四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 ‎1.overcome_many_difficulties克服很多困难 ‎2．point_out 指出 ‎3．prepare_for_the_exam 为考试做准备 ‎4．receive_good_education受到良好的教育 ‎5．further study 深造；进修 ‎6．part with 放弃；交出 ‎1.cry for no reason　无缘无故地哭 ‎2．nod in agreement 点头同意 ‎3．be friends with 和……是朋友 ‎4．pale as chalk 和粉笔一样白 ‎5．kick sb. off 开除某人 ‎6．pull together 齐心合力 ‎1.running shoes　　跑鞋 ‎2．keep off mobile phones关机 ‎3．get ears pierced 打耳洞 ‎4．earring n. 耳环；耳饰 ‎5．do/take exercise 做运动 ‎6．do morning exercises　做早操 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出 ‎[高考佳句]　So it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.(2014·江苏高考满分作文)‎ 因此，可以得出的结论是，把一些有利于我们日常交际的英语包括在内是合情合理的。‎ ‎(1)conclude　 从……中推断出……‎ conclude sth. 以……结束……‎ to conclude 最后 ‎(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.‎ ‎②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.‎ 补全句子 ‎③To_conclude,_I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.‎ 最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。‎ ‎④In_conclusion,_walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.‎ 总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。‎ 一句多译 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。(2014·山东高考写作)‎ ‎⑤I have concluded_from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclude)‎ ‎⑥I have drawn_a_conclusion_from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclusion)‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。‎ ‎2．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎[教材原句]　John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. ‎ 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。‎ ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中attend的含义 ‎①The patients are well attended in the hospital.照顾；护理_‎ ‎②You know, my uncle Li Ming is flying to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.出席；参加 ‎[系统考点]‎ attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听讲座/上学 attend (on/upon) sb. 照顾某人；伺候某人 attend to 处理；对付；接待(顾客)；专心；注意 ‎[练通重点]　补全句子 ‎③She was praised for having_attended_on/upon her sick motherinlaw for over thirty years.‎ 她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。‎ ‎④He offered to go and attend_to the matter.‎ 他主动提出来去处理那件事了。‎ ‎3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临 ‎[教材原句]　But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.‎ 但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。‎ ‎(1)expose ... to ...　 暴露……给……；使……接触……‎ expose oneself to ... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……‎ ‎(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.‎ ‎②Being_exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.‎ ‎③If exposed (expose) to the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future.‎ 句型转换 ‎④She has the courage to expose herself to the dangers.‎ ‎→She has the courage to be_exposed_to the dangers.‎ ‎[名师指津]　及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎4．cure n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗 ‎[经典例句]　He borrowed a book to help cure him of his reading problem.‎ 他借了一本书来帮助攻克他的阅读障碍。‎ a cure for ...　　　 针对……的治疗(法)‎ cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病；改掉某人的恶习 ‎[题点全练]　介词填空 ‎①Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it.‎ ‎②The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.‎ ‎[辨析比较]　cure, treat cure 强调结果，“治疗，治愈”，其后可直接加疾病或用于cure sb. of sth.结构 treat 强调过程，“治疗”，常用搭配：treat one's＋疾病或treat sb. for＋疾病 选用上述单词填空 The doctor ③treated her headache with the best medicine, but did not ④cure her of the disease.‎ ‎5．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战 ‎[教材原句]　John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.‎ 约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。‎ ‎(1)face the challenge　　　　　 面临挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 ‎(2)challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 ‎(3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I want to challenge him to a game of basketball.‎ ‎②Teaching young children is a challenging (challenge) and rewarding job.‎ 单句改错 ‎③Though his arms hurt, Steven planned to challenge to himself, cycling the 250mile route alone.去掉第二个to ‎④Exploring outer space is challenge to mankind.is后加a 补全句子 ‎⑤Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are_facing_new_challenges_from the modern market. (2017·江苏高考单选)‎ 很多享有几百年盛誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。‎ ‎[名师指津]　challenge本身已内含“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。‎ 向某人挑战 ‎6．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；理解 ‎[教材原句]　The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.‎ 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。‎ ‎(1)absorb ... from ...　　　 从……中吸收……‎ absorb ... into ... 把……吸收入……‎ absorb oneself in 专心于；全神贯注于 ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.‎ ‎②It takes a few minutes to absorb alcohol into the bloodstream.‎ ‎③Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he simply forgot to have supper and sleep.‎ 一句多译 一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。(2015·福建高考书面表达)‎ ‎④A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he_absorbed_himself _in_his_reading. ‎ ‎⑤A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he_was_absorbed_in _his_reading.‎ be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：‎ ‎①be lost in ...　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……‎ ‎②be caught in ... 被困在……‎ ‎③be buried in ... 埋头于……‎ ‎④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……‎ ‎⑤be occupied in ... 忙于……‎ ‎⑥be involved in ... 专注于……　　 ‎ ‎7．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备 ‎[教材原句]　It seemed that the water was to blame.‎ 看来水是罪魁祸首。‎ ‎(1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 ‎(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on ... 将某事归咎于……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 对比填空(for/on)‎ ‎①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.‎ ‎②She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.‎ ‎③She laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on her husband.‎ 补全句子 ‎④I am_not_to_blame_for my laziness, mum. I'm what you have made me. ‎ 妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。‎ ‎[名师指津]　be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎8．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 ‎[教材原句]　The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. ‎ 供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触受污染的水了。‎ ‎(1)instruct sb. to do sth.　　 命令某人做某事 instruct sb. in (doing) sth. 指导某人(做)某事 ‎(2)instructive adj. 指示性的；有教育意义的 instruction n. 指令；说明(常用复数)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①With the teacher instructing (instruct) them, the students have made great progress in English.‎ ‎②You must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine.‎ 一句多译 这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。‎ ‎③The students need a teacher to instruct_them_to_paint.‎ ‎④The students need a teacher to instruct_them_in_painting.‎ ‎9．contribute vt.& vi.贡献；捐助；捐献；投稿 ‎[高考佳句]　Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. (2017·江苏高考单选)‎ 位于“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”交汇处，江苏将会为“一带一路”‎ 的建设做出更大的贡献。‎ ‎(1)contribute sth. to ...　　　 把某物捐献给……‎ contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to对 ……做出贡献 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.‎ ‎②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)‎ 单句改错 ‎③Besides, consulting our teachers can contribute to solve the problems.solve→solving 单句写作 ‎④如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)‎ If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please send me your article before the deadline.‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We discussed the problem many times, but still could come to no conclusion (conclude)．‎ ‎2．His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits. I think he should cure him of them.‎ ‎3．When linked (link) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to.‎ ‎4．It was_announced (announce) that our team took the first place.‎ ‎5．I tried to follow the instructions (instruct), but I got confused.‎ ‎6．They invited all their relatives to_attend (attend) their wedding.‎ ‎7．Mary was_rejected (reject)by the university she applied to last year.‎ ‎8．We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic (enthusiasm) about them.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．When I said I ran faster than her, she challenged to me to a race.去掉第一个to_‎ ‎2．Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make contribution to the class.contribution→contributions或在其前面加a ‎3．Please announce students that the holidays will begin next Monday.announce后加to ‎4．I always have so many things to attend when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.attend后加to ‎5．She suspected him with telling lies and never trusted him again.with→of ‎6．People might be cautious about believe this statement.believe→believing ‎7．The bridge under the construction will be open to public next year.去掉the ‎8．Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart.defeating→defeated Ⅲ.一句多译 ‎1．如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。‎ ‎①Young people may risk going deaf if they are_exposed_to_very_loud_music every day.‎ ‎②If exposed_to_very_loud_music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略句)‎ ‎③Being_exposed_to_very_loud_music every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf.(动名词作主语)‎ ‎2．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。‎ ‎①Tom was so absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(absorb)‎ ‎②So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(用so ... that ...倒装句)‎ ‎③Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of it.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎3．他把考试失败归咎于老师。‎ ‎①He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame ... on)‎ ‎②He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam.(blame ... for)‎ ‎③He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame n．)‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．put forward 提出 ‎[教材原句]　Who put forward a theory about black holes?‎ 谁提出的黑洞理论？‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中put forward的含义 ‎①We've put the date of their wedding forward by one week.将……提前 ‎②It was Stephen Hawking that put forward a theory about black holes.提出 ‎③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.将表向前拨 ‎④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？提名；推荐 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ put away　　 　　 把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 put aside 把……放到一边；储存 put up 搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿 put through 接通电话；完成 put up with 容忍；忍受 Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.‎ 鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。‎ ‎2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎[教材原句]　Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎(1)make sense of　 理解；明白 make no sense 没意义；没道理 ‎(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 同义替换 ‎①See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable (＝doesn't_make_sense) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.‎ ‎②We read it through, but could not understand (＝make_sense_of) it.‎ 句型转换 ‎③You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.‎ ‎→In_no_sense_should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)‎ ‎3．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”‎ Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎(1)neither ...nor ...连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。‎ ‎①Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result.‎ 老师和学生们都对这个结果不满意。‎ ‎②Neither my wife nor I myself was able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.‎ 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意，最终她参加了这个比赛。‎ ‎(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词 either ... or ...　　　　　　 不是……就是……‎ not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……‎ not ... but ... 不是……而是……‎ ‎③Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons.‎ 不但约翰和汤姆，而且他们的姐姐玛丽也对钢琴课非常感兴趣。‎ ‎④Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎4．every time引导时间状语从句 So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。‎ 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：‎ ‎(1)由time构成的名词词组：each time, the first/last time, next time, any time等 ‎(2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute, the instant, the moment等，意为“一……就……”‎ ‎①Something is learned every/each_time a book is opened.‎ 开卷有益。‎ ‎②The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.‎ 他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。‎ ‎③You are welcome to come back any_time you want to.‎ 你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Apart from its low price, the advantage of this car lies in its good quality.‎ ‎2．The weather was even colder with the wind blowing (blow). ‎ ‎3．After the meeting, they will meet privately (private) with one another to discuss further plans.‎ ‎4．He ran so quickly that we all couldn't catch up with him.‎ ‎5．He said that neither he nor his parents had_seen (see) the film. ‎ ‎6．In conclusion (conclude), I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 neither ... nor ...，so ... that ...，every time，put forward，with，only if，make sense，be strict with， apart from， be enthusiastic about ‎1．In the meeting, we put_forward some advice on how to improve our work.‎ ‎2．Neither he nor his parents are going to travel this holiday for they are all busy.‎ ‎3．Every_time I call on her, she is always busy writing.‎ ‎4．Nowadays, shopping online is so popular that it has become a part of our life.‎ ‎5．Apart_from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.‎ ‎6．If you are a teacher, you should be_strict_with every student.‎ ‎7．Though too old to work much, the retired worker is_enthusiastic_about neighborhood affairs.‎ ‎8．Only_if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.‎ ‎9．We live in a house with many flowers around it.‎ ‎10．It makes_sense to take care of your health, for it is the most important.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) 我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。(enthusiastic)‎ I'm sure it will appeal to you, for_you've_been_enthusiastic_about_sports.‎ ‎2．(2014·山东高考满分作文)起初，学英语看上去很难以至于我还没尝试就想放弃。(so ... that ...)‎ At the beginning, learning_English_seemed_so_difficult_that I wanted to give up without even trying. ‎ ‎3．每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。(every time)‎ Every_time_I_see_the_old_photo,_I will think of my deskmate in middle school. ‎ ‎4．(2015·重庆高考写作)只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出巨大贡献。(部分倒装)‎ Only in this way can_we_make_a_great_contribution/great_contributions_to our family and our society.‎ ‎5．除了是DNA方面的专家，王教授还进行医药方面的研究。(apart from)‎ Apart_from_being_an_expert_on DNA, Professor Wang is also carrying out research on medicine.‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法——过去分词作定语和表语 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.‎ ‎2．Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried (carry) in large bags on the roof.‎ ‎3．Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ ‎4．He looked worried (worry) after reading the letter.‎ ‎5．I was_disappointed (disappoint) at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.‎ ‎6．We were_surprised (surprise) at what he said at the meeting.‎ ‎7．The cars being_sold (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．(2017·天津高考书面表达)为了成为一名合格的志愿者，我不得不阅读一些关于天津的书籍来了解一些更多的相关信息提高自己。‎ In_order_to/To_be_a_qualified_volunteer,_I have to improve myself by reading some books about Tianjin so as to know more about it.‎ ‎2．(2014·湖南高考写作)我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它。‎ So_excited_was_I that I couldn't wait to try wearing them.‎ ‎3．(2014·陕西高考书面表达)您能来参加我们英语周活动，我们深感荣幸。‎ We_are/feel_honoured to have you here in the middle of our English Week Activities.‎ ‎4．人们期待这些选自全国的运动员在这次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。‎ The players selected_from_the_whole_country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.‎ ‎5．有人建议你应当与不同性格及背景的人交朋友。‎ It is_suggested_that you should make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.‎ ‎6．务必使你的演讲有吸引力，这样听众才不会厌烦。‎ Make sure that your speech is attractive so that the audience will_not_get_bored.‎ ‎(二)课堂微写作练缩写——让语言更凝练 ‎[题目要求]‎ 屠呦呦，中国第一位赢得诺贝尔医学奖的女科学家。请把下面作文缩写成60词左右的短文，简要介绍屠呦呦。注意保留加黑部分。‎ Tu Youyou, the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel prize in science, has made us all proud. Tu, born in 1930, Artemisinin (青蒿素), a drug that has reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria (疟疾). Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine. It is of great importance for curing malaria and other infectious diseases and for protecting the health of the world people.‎ Tu's winning the prize shows that China has made rapid progress in scientific and technological field and marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the cause of human health.‎ In 2011, Tu became the first scientist in China to win America's Lasker Award (拉斯克奖) for her achievements. Graduating from the Beijing Medical College in 1955, she is chief researcher and professor at a research institute in Beijing.‎ ‎[答案示例]‎ Tu Youyou was born in 1930 and graduated from the Beijing Medical College in 1955. She discovered a drug belonging to the traditional Chinese medicine. As a result, she is the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel prize in science, which shows that China has made rapid progress in scientific and technological field and marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the cause of human health.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Crazy Festivals Mike the Headless Chicken Festival In 1945, farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner. However, the bird didn't die and lived another year and a half, making regular trips to the fair, where people paid a quarter to see the amazing headless bird.‎ Today, the spirit of Mike the Headless Chicken is celebrated with a twoday May festival in Fruita, Colorado, which includes live music, a golf tournament, and lots of delicious chicken.‎ Roswell UFO Festival In the summer of 1947, a flying saucer (碟状物) crashed on a large farm outside the town of Roswell, New Mexico. The government says it didn't come from outer space, but many top UFO researchers believe it did.‎ Knowing a good thing when it crashes in their backyard, the citizens of Roswell celebrate the event every July with a threeday festival that features a costume contest, a parade and other activities. Be careful, though — that_odd_little_person_next_to_you_could_be_from_another _planet.‎ World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup The rattlesnake, a poisonous American snake, serves an important function in nature by keeping small pests under control, but when their numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a threeday festival in association with the town's annual rattlesnake hunt.‎ Visitors can learn about rattlesnakes, take a bus tour of their natural habitat, participate in a rattlesnake eating contest and so on.‎ BugFest Every September, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh sponsors a ‎ daylong festival that focuses on something most people try to avoid: insects.‎ Visitors can hold bugs that are not native, cheer on racing insects and learn about beekeeping. But the highlight for many is Café Insecta, where bugs are the main ingredient in a variety of tasty dishes.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个古怪的节日。‎ ‎1．Lloyd Olsen cut off the chicken's head because ________.‎ A．his family wanted to eat it B．he wanted to sell its meat at the fair C．his family wanted to celebrate a headless chicken festival D．he wanted to make money by showing a headless chicken 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一个节日介绍中的“farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner”可知答案。‎ ‎2．By writing the underlined part, the author wants to ________.‎ A．remind readers that aliens do exist B．add an air of mystery to the festival C．imply that he may attend the festival D．describe the fun of the costume contest 解析：选B　句意理解题。根据文章对第二个节日的介绍可知，作者以客观的口吻介绍了这个外星人节日的来源及节日内容等，并未对外星人是否存在表明自己的观点。由此可推测，作者最后说“你旁边那个奇怪的矮人可能来自另一个星球”只是为了给这个节日增加些神秘气氛。‎ ‎3．What's the purpose of the World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup?‎ A．To increase the local tourism.‎ B．To protect rattlesnakes' habitats.‎ C．To control the population of rattlesnakes.‎ D．To introduce the importance of rattlesnakes.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三个节日介绍中的“when their numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a threeday festival ...”可知答案。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is the earliest festival of the year?‎ A．Mike the Headless Chicken Festival.‎ B．Roswell UFO Festival.‎ C．World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup.‎ D．BugFest.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据四个节日的举办时间：五月、七月、三月和九月可知，C选项为一年中最早的节日。‎ B Once a man needed a new pair of shoes. This man was very good at math. He knew that in order to get shoes that fit very well, it would be necessary to measure his foot size correctly.‎ So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper. Then before leaving the house, like a good mathematician, he rechecked his picture.‎ It was a very long way from the man's home to the market. It was past midday when the man arrived at the market. When the man reached the shoe stall, he realized that he had forgotten to bring his paper. He turned around and walked all the way back home to get it.‎ It was nearly sunset when the man returned to the market. There he found the market was closing. The shoemaker had packed up all of his shoes. “Foolish man，” the shoemaker said to the man when he was asked to unpack his goods to make a sale. “Why did you not just try on the shoes？”‎ The man hung his head shamefully, saying, “I guessed there was only one way to solve my problem. I should have checked with others for another solution that might have worked as well or better than my own.”‎ The above short story works well with school students and also teachers. Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一则短篇故事告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。‎ ‎5．Before the man went to the market, he ________.‎ A．asked others for some advice B．knew well about his foot size C．measured his old shoes carefully D．drew a pair of shoes on a piece of paper 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper.”可知，在去集市之前，那位男子仔细地测量了自己的脚的尺寸。‎ ‎6．The shoemaker considered the man to be ________.‎ A．stupid　　　　　　　　　 B．strange C．clever D．interesting 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中鞋匠说的“Foolish man”可知，鞋匠认为那位男子很愚蠢。‎ ‎7．What does the author want to show by telling the story?‎ A．We should learn math very well.‎ B．It's necessary to ask for help at times.‎ C．We should think carefully before we act.‎ D．There is more than one way to solve a problem.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.”可知，作者讲述这个故事是想告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。‎ C Anna Schiferl hadn't even got out of bed when she reached for her cellphone and typed a text to her mom, one recent Saturday. Mom was right downstairs in the kitchen. The text? Anna wanted an egg for breakfast. Soon after, Joanna Schiferl called, “If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me！” Anna laughs about it now. “I was kind of being lazy，” she admits.‎ These days, many people with cellphones prefr texting to a phone call. And that's creating a communication divide, of sorts — the talkers vs. the texters. Some would argue that it's no big deal. But many experts say the most successful communicators will, of course, have the competence to do both. And they fear that more of us are unable to have — or at least are avoiding — the traditional facetoface conversations.‎ Many professors (教授) say it is not common to see students outside of class. “I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me, often late at night，” says Renee Houston, a professor at the University of Puget Sound in Washington state. “And they never call.”‎ As Anna sees it: “There are people you'll text, but won't call. It's just a way to stay in touch with each other.” Some believe that scores of texts each day keep people more connected. “The problem is that the conversation isn't very deep，” says Joseph Grenny, coauthor of the book Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High.‎ ‎“The problem has been there since we've had telephones — probably since the time of a telegraph (电报)，” Grenny says. Texting is just the latest way to do that. Though they may not always be so good at deep conversations themselves, Grenny suggests that parents model the behavior for their children and put down their own cellphones. He says that they also should set limits, as Anna's mom did when she made the “no texting to people in the same house” rule.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。专家表明，经常发短信可能会使人们在面对面交流时产生障碍。‎ ‎8．According to Paragraph 1, Joanna ________.‎ A．was very strict with her daughter B．did not know how to use a cellphone C．was angry that her daughter got up late D．did not have any breakfast that morning 解析：选A　推理判断题。由该段中的“If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me”可知，Joanna对她的女儿要求十分严格，故选A项。‎ ‎9．The underlined word “competence” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．chance B．ability C．courage D．patience 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由该段中的“the talkers vs. the texters”等相关信息可知，这里是说：大多数成功的交流者有能力把两者都做好，即：不但善于口头沟通也善于通过短信来交流，故选B项。‎ ‎10．What do we know about Renee's students?‎ A．They often work late at night.‎ B．They often ask strange questions.‎ C．Few ask her questions face to face.‎ D．Many email her if she feels lonely.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me”可知，Renee的学生很少当面向她请教问题，故选C项。‎ ‎11．In Joseph Grenny's opinion, ________.‎ A．cellphones make people lonelier B．telephones help people communicate clearly C．texting helps people have deeper conversations D．talking should be encouraged instead of texting 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后两段中的“the conversation isn't very deep”和“parents ...put down their own cellphones”以及“they also should set limits”等信息可知，Joseph Grenny认为父母应该放下手机给孩子做个榜样，多一些面对面的交流而非发短信，故选D项。‎ D Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about, and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics.”‎ Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and ‎ other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a milliondollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting? “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense，” Greene said. “Although there are several interesting theories about time travel，” he added, “the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论) is open for future physicists to solve.”‎ When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, “make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math.”‎ When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important，” Greene said. “But I think it's really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.”‎ Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is “not just a matter of solving problems in an exam.” It's about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (现象) — and having fun!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物理学家Brian Greene希望更多的孩子将会对现代物理学感兴趣。‎ ‎12．A milliondollar question in Paragraph 2 is probably very ________.‎ A．direct B．difficult C．personal D．long 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。‎ ‎13．The books by Weinberg and Susskind ________.‎ A．are boring to read B．are mainly about math C．are popular science books D．are only popular among kids 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“...books by ...make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于流行的科普读物。‎ ‎14．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following does Greene agree with?‎ A．Modern physics is a boring subject.‎ B．Interest plays an important role in studying.‎ C．It is not necessary to learn all about physics.‎ D．It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。‎ ‎15．In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that ________.‎ A．kids can love science and physics B．kids can do well in physics exams C．kids can have fun with experiments D．kids can find more strange things in life 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 AlAzhar University Going to a university is an important part of a person's life. Today, many people go to a university to study and train for a future job in subjects like law, medicine, or education. __1__ An important one started in Egypt over one thousand years ago.‎ The world's oldest surviving university, AlAzhar, is in Cairo, Egypt. It was first built as a mosque (清真寺) in A．D. 972. A few years later, learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque. They read and talked about the subjects of religion (宗教) and law. __2__ Leaders in the city of Cairo decided to create a school for higher learning and soon after that, AlAzhar University was started.‎ ‎__3__ For these teachers at AlAzhar, they needed to think about what courses to teach and how to teach them. The earliest courses were in law and religion. In a course, students read and studied with the teacher, but there was also free discussion. Often, students and teachers had interesting discussions, and there was no “correct” answer. In the years that followed, the new university interested scholars (学者) from around the world. __4__ At AlAzhar, people studied the past, but it was also a place for sharing new ideas.‎ Over a thousand years later, AlAzhar is still an important university in the world. __5__ Today, many of the world's most important universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the same traditions as they do at AlAzhar.‎ A．A university was a new idea at that time.‎ B．There are many reasons to study in Egypt.‎ C．They came here to teach and do research.‎ D．Around the year 988, a new decision was made.‎ E．However, the university is not a modern invention.‎ F．The cost of university education is increasing year by year.‎ G．Its library contains many of the world's oldest and most valuable books.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了世界上最古老的大学之一——爱资哈尔大学。‎ ‎1．选E　由该空前的“Today”和空后的“An important one ...one thousand years ago.”可知，该空与上文是转折关系，又引出下文，E项内容符合此处语境。‎ ‎2．选D　由该空前的“A.D. 972”， “A few years later”和空后的“Leaders ...decided to create a school”可知，此处应填D项。‎ ‎3．选A　由该空后的“For these teachers at AlAzhar, they needed to think about what courses to teach and how to teach them.”可知，由于当时大学还是一个新事物，所以老师需要考虑教什么课程、怎样教的问题，故选A项。‎ ‎4．选C　由该空前的“the new university interested scholars (学者) from around the world”可知，C项内容符合此处语境。‎ ‎5．选G　由该空前的“AlAzhar is still an important university in the world”可知，G项说法是对前面内容的补充。‎