【英语】2021届新高考英语大一轮复习能力提升北师大版：选修7Unit21　HumanBiology作业 19页

Unit 21　Human Biology 能力提升题组训练(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读(2019高三双语报38期)‎ Scientists have found an unexpected use for virtual reality headsets (VR虚拟现实头显).The devices,widely used by computer gamers,show pictures that can be used to test the navigational (导航的) skills of people,who were thought to be at risk of dementia(痴呆).Those who do worse in the tests will be the ones more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease later in life,scientists now believe.‎ ‎　　The discovery that the loss of navigational skills was associated with Alzheimer’s was made several years ago by Dennis Chan and his colleagues based at several centers in the UK.These studies used tablet computers to test navigational tasks.But now scientists plan to take their tests to a new level with the use of the virtual reality headsets in which wearers are placed in man-made environments through which they must navigate.‎ Around 300 people,aged between 40 and 60,will be arranged to take part in the study.Some will have a gene that puts them at risk of the condition or will come from a family with a history of Alzheimer’s.Not all will certainly be affected by the disease,however.Chan’s project aims ‎ to find out who will.‎ Wearing the headsets,participants will be asked to navigate their way through a series of different environments and then remember the details.‎ Researchers recently pointed out the significance of a tiny area of the brain known as the entorhinal cortex (an important memory center in the brain).It acts as a center in a widespread brain network that controls navigation.This now appears to be the first part of the brain that seems to be easily harmed by Alzheimer’s.‎ The goal of the work is to help people as they develop the disease.“So far,drug trials for Alzheimer’s have been applied when people have already got dementia,by which time considerable damage to the brain has already occurred.” Chan told the observer,“If we can develop drugs and use them earlier,for example before the disease has spread beyond the entorhinal cortex,then this would have the potential to prevent dementia.”‎ ‎1.What does the unexpected use of VR headsets mentioned in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A.Reducing the risk of having dementia.‎ B.Testing one’s potential of developing dementia.‎ C.Helping people suffering Alzheimer’s recover.‎ D.Making games more interesting for computer gamers.‎ ‎2.What do the researchers require the participants to do in the study?‎ A.Play computer games by using navigational skills.‎ B.Know unfamiliar environments by using tablet computers.‎ C.Create special environments by using navigational skills.‎ D.Identify directions in some man-made environments.‎ ‎3.What’s implied about the entorhinal cortex in the brain?‎ A.It can directly affect one’s navigational skills. B.It can be expanded by using VR headsets.‎ C.Its functions have been known for years. D.Its size depends on that of one’s memory center.‎ ‎4.Why does the author mention Chan’s words?‎ A.To prove the harm of Alzheimer’s. B.To tell ways of preventing dementia.‎ C.To show the significance of the study. D.To explain the necessity of improving the study.‎ 语篇解读:本文是说明文,介绍了科学家可以虚拟现实头显提前检测一个人是否有患痴呆症的风险。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段的The devices...can be used to test the navigational (导航的) skills of people who were thought to be at risk of dementia(痴呆)可知,其新功能就是用来检测人们患痴呆症的风险。‎ ‎2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的in which wearers are placed in man-made environments through which they must ‎ navigate以及第四段的participants will be asked to navigate their way through a series of different environments.可知,参与者被要求在模拟的环境中辨别方向。‎ ‎3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段的the entorhinal cortex...It acts as a center in a widespread brain network that controls navigation.可知,其直接影响一个人的辨别方向的能力。‎ ‎4.C　写作意图题。根据末段的If we can develop drugs and use them earlier...then this would have the potential to prevent dementia.可知,是为了表明这项研究工作很重要。‎ Ⅱ.七选五(2019湖南衡阳高三一模)‎ How long could you stand on Antarctic ice before your bare feet froze solid?A minute.Maybe two?If you’re an emperor penguin,you can do it for two months in cruel winds at as low as-75 degrees Fahrenheit.1.　　　,but their special circulation acts as a kind of antifreeze to keep them warm enough. ‎ Penguin legs and feet have evolved to lose as little heat as possible.Penguin feet preserve heat by restricting blood flow in really cold weather,keeping foot temperature just above freezing.2.　　　. ‎ Blood vessels to and from the feet are very narrow and woven closely together,cooling the blood from the body on the way to the feet and heating the blood as it returns to the body. 3.　　　. ‎ This special ability is part of how penguins keep their eggs warm until they hatch.Each penguin egg’s father balances it on his feet and ‎ covers it with his very warm layer of feathered skin to keep it cozy while females are out feeding at sea.4.　　　.If females haven’t returned with food by time the chicks hatch,male penguins feed their babies for a few days on a kind of “milk” made from special cells inside their throats. ‎ ‎5.　　　.Your hands get whiter during freezing weather because there’s less blood in them which has been redirected to the central part of your body to make sure vital organs stay warm. ‎ A.Penguin legs work like a heat exchange system B.Those naked bird feet may look extremely cold C.Therefore,the male penguins must stay together in groups D.However,parenting doesn’t stop there for these devoted fathers E.Emperor penguins also have the ability to “recycle” their own body heat F.Feet get cool blood so there’s less heat to lose,while the body stays warm and comfortable G.In fact,humans have the ability to restrict blood flow to their hands and feet in cold weather too 答案:1-5　BAFDG Ⅲ.完形填空 Today we spent the morning going through our personal belongings.We were looking for items to　1　for free at a local park.Not just any items but things people really　2　.Our aim was not to find ‎ things we no longer　3　but things we use every day that would be 　4　to others. ‎ We packed these things 　5　the box and added some small toys.We added a list of local addresses and phone numbers of local　6　agencies.Inside the box a simple letter was placed.It read: “Please take these items and know that your life is important.　7　are difficult but these days will pass.We share what we have believing that it will　8　.Use the food to nurture your body and use the blankets to stay warm.Be safe and know that the human　9　can overcome anything.Do not hold your head down for having a need to stay warm.Someday please do the same when you can.” ‎ This kind 　10　was not because the phone rang or for any reasons.It was　11　because it was right to do so.We have often seen　12　people at the park where we left the belongings.I noticed that my wife had put her favorite green coat into the box.I asked if she was 　13　about it and she just replied that it had a hood (风帽).Her answer told me why it is I who love her.She liked the coat but knew the hood could　14　someone from the rain. ‎ Who knows where these gifts of　15　will go?How many uses can a blanket serve other than what it was designed to do?We never go back and see what happens.It is unimportant.The right things will find the right people and that is all that counts. ‎ ‎1.A.put off B.put up C.give away D.give up ‎2.A.needed B.collected C.produced D.searched ‎3.A.accepted B.wanted C.carried D.bought ‎4.A.wonderful B.beautiful C.hopeful D.useful ‎5.A.around B.upon C.into D.above ‎6.A.working B.parking C.delivering D.helping ‎7.A.Ways B.Problems C.Times D.Situations ‎8.A.matter B.continue C.change D.depend ‎9.A.liberty B.spirit C.health D.wisdom ‎10.A.attempt B.manner C.act D.habit ‎11.A.suddenly B.simply C.strangely D.usually ‎12.A.aimless B.homeless C.childless D.friendless ‎13.A.sure B.regretful C.worried D.anxious ‎14.A.separate B.prevent C.shelter D.hold ‎15.A.affection B.sympathy C.generosity D.honesty 语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,主要叙述了作者和妻子为一些无家可归的人捐衣物,这些衣物并不是自己不需要的,而是一些自己在用而且对别人也是有用的。作者认为适当的人得到适当的东西最重要。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.C　put off推迟;put up张贴;give away赠送;give up放弃。根据下文的描述可知,此时我们是在找一些可以在当地的公园免费赠送的衣物,故选C。‎ ‎2.A　needed需要;collected收集;produced生产;searched搜索。根据Not just any items but things people really　2　.可知,此处意为:不是随便的东西而是人们真正　　　的东西。并结合常识可知,我们(所要赠送的)不是任何东西,而是人们真正需要的,故选A。 ‎ ‎3.B　accepted接受;wanted想要;carried搬运;bought买。根据“but things we use every day that would be 　4　 to others”可知,我们的目标不是找我们不想要的东西,故选B。 ‎ ‎4.D　wonderful极好的;beautiful美丽的;hopeful有希望的;useful有用的。根据“Not just any items but things people really needed.”可知,我们所要赠送的是我们每天都用的,对别人也是有用的东西,故选D。‎ ‎5.C　根据下文的Inside the box a simple letter was placed.可知选C。‎ ‎6.D　working工作;parking停车;delivering投递;helping帮助。既然盒子里是赠送给别人的东西,里面应该是援助机构的地址和电话,故选D。‎ ‎7.C　Ways方法;Problems问题;Times时光;Situations情况。根据后面的句子“but these days will pass”可知,困难的时光会过去的,故选C。‎ ‎8.A　matter重要;continue继续;change改变;depend依赖。我们与别人分享我们所拥有的有用之物(即将有用的衣物赠送给别人),我们相信这很重要,故选A。‎ ‎9.B　liberty自由;spirit精神;health健康;wisdom智慧。人类的精神可以战胜一切,故选B。‎ ‎10.C　attempt企图;manner方式;act行为;habit习惯。根据上文“We were looking for items to　　　for free at a local ‎ park.”可知,此处是指“捐赠的善举”,故选C。 ‎ ‎11.B　suddenly突然;simply仅仅;strangely奇怪地;usually通常。根据This kind 　10　was not because the phone rang or for any reasons.可知,此处意为:我们为别人赠送所需的衣物,仅仅只是因为这么做是正确的,故选B。 ‎ ‎12.B　aimless没有目标的;homeless无家可归的;childless无子女的;friendless没有朋友的。根据“...for free at a local park”及“at the park where we left the belongings”可知,我们经常会在公园里面看见无家可归的人,故选B。‎ ‎13.A　sure确信的;regretful后悔的;worried担忧的;anxious焦虑的。根据“my wife had put her favorite green coat into the box”可知,此处意为:我问妻子是否确定把她最喜欢的绿色的外套也要放在盒子里一并赠送出去,故选A。‎ ‎14.C　separate分开;prevent阻止;shelter 庇护;hold持有。根据常识可知,妻子之所以要赠送最喜欢的绿色的外套,是因为衣服有风帽,她知道风帽可以保护人们不受雨淋,故选C。‎ ‎15.B　affection 爱;sympathy同情;generosity慷慨;honesty诚实。根据上下文语境可知,作者和妻子把自己有用的同时对别人也有用的衣物赠送出去是同情怜悯这些无家可归的人,对他们施以爱心,但谁知道这些富有同情的礼物会去往什么地方,故选B。‎ 能力提升题组训练(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读 A ‎(2019东北三省三校高三一模)‎ Hello,‎ ‎　　The International Student Center has heard of several frauds(诈骗)that are targeting international students.Someone may call and say that they are from:‎ ‎·Immigration Canada ‎·home country’s Embassy ‎·Canada Revenue Agency ‎·Police Department In most situations,the caller will request that you make a payment or you will face serious consequences when returning to your home country.They may talk or threaten until you make a payment.While there is no way that these fraudsters can know you are an international student (they call Canadians too),here are some things that you should know in order to better protect yourself:‎ ‎·UTSC provides you with FREE Immigration advising and application help (for Study &Work Permits,Visas,Permanent Residence,and Citizenship).‎ ‎·Canada Revenue Agency (CRA),Immigration,Refugees and ‎ Citizenship Canada (IRCC),and Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) will not call you,and will not ask for money or personal information by phone.If you call them,you will have to identify yourself.‎ ‎·Embassies will not threaten you to make a payment or request an investigation fee due to a fake (伪造的) passport.‎ ‎·Never feel like you need to pay anyone money right away.Ask for an employee number and hang up.You can call back the company (find their number online) and ask about your situation to confirm.‎ ‎·Be skeptical of anyone asking you to make a payment.‎ ‎·Think twice before clicking the weblinks provided and make sure they will actually go where they say.‎ ‎·If you feel that you have been the victim of a fraud,you should report this to the police in the region where you live (e.g.Toronto Police Services).You can also inform Campus Police.‎ ‎·If you’re not sure about something,WAIT.Come to the ISC (IC-350) and meet with a Transition Advisor.We can help you understand what’s happening.‎ Kendel Chitolie International Student Advisor,RISIA S700907‎ International Student Centre ‎1.It may be a fraud if the caller asking for money says he/she is from　　　. ‎ A.International Student Centre B.International Airline C.Canada Travel Agency D.Immigration Canada ‎2.What can be learned from the passage?‎ A.Embassies will not ask you to pay for an investigation fee for a fake passport.‎ B.UTSC will ask for money if you need help for Study & Work Permits.‎ C.You can go right away to the given weblinks and believe what they say.‎ D.If you’re not sure about something,report it to the police in the region where you live.‎ ‎3.Who is this e-mail intended for?‎ A.International students. B.Students’ parents.‎ C.Canadians. D.School teachers.‎ 语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文,介绍了针对国际学生的骗局的特点以及告诉国际学生如何警惕上当受骗。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.D　细节理解题。根据 “Someone may call and say that they are from:·Immigration Canada”可知,如果自称是加拿大移民局的人打电话向你收钱,那么这可能是一个骗局,故D项正确。‎ ‎2.A　细节理解题。根据“Embassies will not threaten you to make a payment or request an investigation fee due to a fake (伪造的) passport.”可知,大使馆不会要求你为假护照支付调查费用,故A项正确。‎ ‎3.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一句话“The International Student Center has heard of several frauds(诈骗) that are targeting international students.”可知,国际学生中心听说了针对国际学生的骗局,文章介绍了这些骗局的特点以及告诉国际学生如何警惕上当,由此可知本文的目标读者是国际学生,故A项正确。‎ B ‎ (2019湖南郴州高三质检)‎ What were you like as a teenager?I was a nightmare.I was rude to my parents,always stayed out late,never did my homework,hung out with the wrong people and made lots of bad decisions.Apparently,this is the age when teenagers are out of control and behave badly.Maybe,if you’re a teenager now,you think this is unfair criticism or it’s not your fault.Well,you might be right!‎ Experts have found that it’s a teenager’s brain that is to blame.Between the ages of approximately 13 to 19—a period known as adolescence—the brain is still developing in areas that control behavior.This has an influence on learning and multitasking(同时做多件事情),stress and memory,sleep,addiction,and decision-making.For parents,these consequences often manifest themselves in a variety of ‎ behaviors that they may have previously blamed on hormones or just moodiness(喜怒无常). ‎ This is quite a new discovery,according to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore,who,speaking on the BBC radio program The Life Scientific,says,“when I was at university,the dogma(教条) in the text books was that the vast majority of brain development goes on in the first few years of life and nothing much changes after mid-childhood.That dogma is completely false.”‎ According to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore,students’ not being able to get their homework done on time has something to do with our prefrontal cortex—that’s the part of our brain right at the front,just behind the forehead.She says,“it’s involved in a whole range of very high-level cognitive(认知的) tasks such as decision making and planning—we know that this region is undergoing very large amounts of development during the adolescent years.” This is the part of the brain,mainly involved in planning,and,for a teenager,this hasn’t developed yet.So getting organized to do their homework,for example,can come as a bit of a challenge.‎ I wish I’d known about this because instead of telling my teacher I’d left my homework on the bus or that the dog had eaten it.Now I could say,“Sorry sir,my brain isn’t developed enough for the cognitive task of planning my homework.”‎ ‎4.What is the main idea of the text?‎ A.The growing pains of teenagers. B.The dogma in the text books was false.‎ C.A new discovery about the teenagers’ brain. D.The students’ new challenge of doing their homework.‎ ‎5.According to the author,why is it a bit of a challenge for students to do their homework?‎ A.The students are moody. B.Hormones are to blame.‎ C.There is too much homework. D.The brains of the students haven’t been developed.‎ ‎6.What does the underlined word “manifest” mean?‎ A.Develop. B.Show. ‎ C.Abandon. D.Experience.‎ 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于青少年大脑的新发现。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎4.C　主旨大意题。根据第二段中Experts have found that it’s a teenager’s brain that is to blame.Between the ages of approximately 13 to 19—a period known as adolescence—the brain is still developing in areas that control behavior.可知,本文介绍关于青少年大脑的新发现。故选C。‎ ‎5.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中This is the part of the brain,mainly involved in planning,and,for a teenager,this hasn’t developed yet.So getting organized to do their homework,for example,can come as a bit of ‎ a challenge.可知,根据作者的观点,因为学生们的大脑还没有发育好,所以做作业对学生来说有点挑战性。故选D。‎ ‎6.B　词义猜测题。根据第二段中For parents,these consequences often manifest themselves in a variety of behaviors that they may have previously blamed on hormones or just moodiness(喜怒无常).“对于父母来说,这些后果常常表现在各种各样的行为上,他们之前可能把这些行为归咎于荷尔蒙或喜怒无常”。由此推知划线词的意思是“显示”。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空(2019山东济南高三一模)‎ Paper-cutting was recognized as a national cultural heritage(遗产)in 2006.According to　experts,paper-cutting conveys the culture shared between China 1.　　　 the West to wish for family reunions and maintain links with loved ones,alive or dead. ‎ In the movie Coco,for instance,the 12-year-old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate the Day of the Dead,a 2.　　　 (tradition)festival in Mexico,when colorful paper-cuts are hung on the street.Chinese people also cut images of small figures 3.　　　 (call) back the spirits of the dead.The difference is that most Chinese paper-cuts are red,while those in other countries 4.　　　 (be)often made in many other colors. ‎ Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut 5.　　　 (character),such as princesses and angels,out of paper while 6.　　　‎ ‎ (tell) stories to children.In China,female friends and family members used to chat and make paper-cuts together. ‎ ‎“7.　　　the patterns and colors may be different,paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people,” says Yang Huizi,8.　　　 art teacher at Peking University. ‎ Yang 9.　　　 (study)and performed the art for over a decade.Besides routine university courses,she also organizes nonprofit paper-cutting activities 10.　　　 are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper-cutting. ‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.and　考查连词。此处考查between...and结构。 ‎ ‎2.traditional　考查形容词。此处修饰名词festival,故用形容词形式。‎ ‎3.to call　考查非谓语动词。不定式表示目的。‎ ‎4.are　考查主谓一致。分析句子可知,本句主语为those,复数形式,故谓语动词用复数形式are。‎ ‎5.characters　考查名词复数。根据后文such as princesses and angels可知,剪成的纸人不止一个,故用复数形式characters。‎ ‎6.telling　考查省略结构。此处是状语从句的省略,完整句为:while he was telling stories...‎ ‎7.Though/While/Although　考查连词。句意:尽管样式和颜色不同,但是剪纸所承载人们之间的情感纽带的功能却是一样的。表示让步关系。‎ ‎8.an　考查冠词。此处是作同位语解释说明杨蕙子,第一次提及,故用不定冠词an。‎ ‎9.has studied　考查时态。根据句中的for over a decade可知,用现在完成时。‎ ‎10.that/which　考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词activities,从句缺少主语,故用关系代词which或者that。‎ Ⅲ.应用文写作 假定你是李华,你的英国好友Henry在学习汉语,但就是写不好汉字,特发邮件咨询你平时是如何练习汉字书写的。请你回复邮件,内容包括:‎ ‎1.书写要求;‎ ‎2.练习方式;‎ ‎3.你的建议。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数80左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Henry,‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ .‎ ‎ .‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua 答案:‎ Dear Henry,‎ ‎　　From your letter I know that you’re learning Chinese but you cannot write Chinese characters well.My practices and suggestions are as follows.‎ As far as I know,many non-native speakers find it difficult to write a good hand,which needs long-term exercise even for native speakers of Chinese.As senior high school students in China,we are required to write Chinese characters frequently,trying best to write them carefully and beautifully.We started from our primary school with writing strokes of Chinese characters,keeping the rules of writing and the teachers’ instructions.So starting from the ground up,setting your writing as a daily task,and following a model of calligraphy for practice may help you a lot.‎ Keep on trying.Hopefully,you will make it.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua