【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit3Ahealthylife单元学案（18页word解析版） 18页

2019 届一轮复习人教版必修六 Unit3A healthy life 单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、单元单词短语回顾 cigarette [ˌsigəˈret] n. 香烟；纸烟 alcohol [ˈælkəhɔl] n. 酒；酒精 alcoholic [ˌælkəˈhɔlik] adj. 酒精的 abuse [əˈbju:z] n. & vt. 滥用；虐待 △fitness [fitnis] n. 健康 △sexual [ˈsekʃuəl] adj.性的；性别的 stress [stres] n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张 △stressful：['stresfəl] adj.产生压力的；紧张的 △obesity [əu'bi:siti] n. （过度）肥胖； 肥胖症 adolescent [ædəˈlesənt] n.青少年 adj. 青春期的 adolescence [ˌædəuˈlesəns] n. 青春期 ban [bæn] vt. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令；谴责 due [dju:]adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的 due to 由于…… tough [tʌf] adj. 困难的；强硬的 addicted [əˈdiktid] adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的 addicted to 对……有瘾 △nicotine n. 尼古丁 accustom [əˈkʌstəm] vt. 使习惯于 accustomed [əˈkʌstəmd] adj. 惯常的； 习惯了的 accustomed to 习惯于…… withdrawal [wiðˈdrɔ:əl] n. 收回；撤退；戒毒（或脱瘾）过程 △bad-tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的 automatic [ˌɔ:təˈmætik] adj.无意识的；自动的 automatically [ɔ:təˈmætikli] adv. 无意识地；自动地 mental [ˈmentl] adj. 精神的；智力的 mentally[menˈtæliti]adv.精神上；智力上 quit [kwit] vt. 停止（做某事）；离开 effect [iˈfekt] n. 结果；效力 lung [lʌŋ] n. 肺 pregnant [ˈpregnənt] adj. 怀孕的 abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl] adj. 畸形的；异常的 breathless [ˈbreθlis] adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的 unfit [ʌnˈfit] adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的 strengthen [ˈstreŋθən] vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi. 变强 △resolve [riˈzɔlv] n. 决心；决定 decide [diˈsaid] on 对……作出决定 packet [ˈpækit] n. 小包；小盒 feel like (doing) 想要（做）…… △relaxation [ri:lækˈseiʃən] n. 放松，松弛 desperate[ˈdespərit]adj.绝望的，拼命的 chemist [ˈkemist] n. 药剂师；化学家 △gum [gʌm] n. 树胶 △chewing [tʃu: iŋ] gum 口香糖 disappointed [ˌdisəˈpɔint] adj.失望的；沮丧的 △weaken [ˈwi:kən] vi.（对某事的决心） 动摇；减弱 vt. （使）变弱 ashamed [əˈʃeimd] adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的 comprehension[ˌkɔmpriˈhenʃən]n.理解（力） in spite of 不顾；不管 take risks (a risk) 冒险 get into 陷入；染上（坏习惯） etc (et cetera) adv. 诸如此类的事物；等等 appendix [əˈpendiks] （复数-dixes, -dices） n. 附录；附件 illegal [iˈli:gəl]adj.不合法的；违法的 pill [pil] n. 药丸；药片 △robbery [ˈrɔbəri] n. 抢劫；盗窃 △slippery [ˈslipəri] adj. 滑的 △HIV （Human Immunodeficiency Virus）人体免疫缺损病毒（艾滋 病病毒） △ AIDS（Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）艾滋病（后天免疫缺损综合症） at risk 处境危险；遭受危险 △SARS （Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome）非典型性肺炎 △immune [iˈmju:n] adj. 有免疫力的 survival [səˈvaivəl] n. 幸存；幸存者 sex [seks] n. 性；性别 △fluid [ˈflu:id] n. 液体；流体 △inject [inˈdʒekt] vt. 注射 △injection [inˈdʒekʃən]n.注射；注射剂 needle [ˈni:dl]n. 针；（注射器的）针头 △spill [spil] （spilt, spilt）vi.溢出；酒落 vt. 使溢出；使 酒落 male [meil] adj. 男性的；雄性的 n. 男人；雄性动（植）物 female [ˈfi:meil] adj.女性的；雌性的 n. 雌性的动（植）物； 女人 △condom [kənˈdəun] n. 避孕套 △homosexual ['həuməu'sekʃuəl] n.同性恋 adj. 同性恋的 prejudice [ˈpredʒədis] n.偏见；成见 judgement [ˈdʒʌdʒmənt]n.看法；判决；判断 △disco [ˈdiskəu] n. 迪斯科舞会；迪斯科舞厅 abortion [əˈbɔ:ʃən] n.流产；中途失败 cigar [siˈgɑ:] n. 雪茄烟 embarrassed [im'bærəst] adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的 awkward [ˈɔ:kwəd] adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 1．我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。(stress) I_must_stress_that_we_haven't_much_time. 2．他在没有多少帮助的情况下，设法完成了工作。(manage to do) He_managed_to_get_the_work_done_with_very_little_help. 3．你应当停止抱怨。(quit) You_should_quit_complaining. 4．她为自己对父亲撒谎感到羞愧。(be ashamed of) She_was_ashamed_of_having_lied_to_her_father. 5．那场意外事故归因于你粗心驾驶。 (due to) The_accident_is_due_to_your_careless_driving. 6．我习惯于长距离步行。 (be accustomed to) I_am_accustomed_to_walking_long_distances._ 7．我们会随时通知你的。(keep ... done) We'll_keep_you_informed. 8．尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。(in spite of) She_can't_see_very_clearly_in_spite_of_her_glasses._ 9．这些人中有许多对毒品上瘾。(be addicted to) Many_of_these_people_are_addicted_to_drugs. 10．今天好热啊。我想去游泳。(feel like) It's_so_hot_today._I_feel_like_going_swimming. 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 Cameron Lyle has never expected to save the life of a person he didn't know. He was a shotput star at the highest point of his athletic career when he had to make a great __1__. A man with blood cancer was __2__ for healthy bone marrow (骨髓) and Cameron was the only __3__among all the possible donors. The only __4__： if Cameron decided to donate, it meant he would miss some very important sports meetings. __5__ with cutting his career short, Cameron focused only on the __6__ to save the man's life. “I was surprised that I was pretty __7__. I said ‘yes’ right away，”said Cameron, 21.“If I had said __8__，he wouldn't have had a match.” Actually, Cameron had completely __9__ the “Be The Match Registry” that came to his university two years ago. But two months ago, he got a call. Cameron was __10__ he was a possible match for a young man with blood cancer, which would get worse quickly if not __11__. Cameron received blood tests, which __12__he was a definite match.__13__he agreed to donate, more tests were followed to __14__he didn't have any problem.__15__， everything went well, and last week Cameron headed to Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston to __16__ his bone marrow with a stranger. Most people can return to their full activities within days after the donation.__17__ Cameron was told not to lift over 20 pounds for about a month. So this meant he __18__ to miss some athletic events where he wanted to __19__ after eight years of shotput training. “But it's OK，” he said.“It was worth it I would __20__ it again.” 语篇解读：一个处于事业巅峰期的铅球运动员，意外地与一个血 癌病人的骨髓匹配成功。他毫不犹豫地为血癌病人捐献了自己的骨 髓。虽然因此错过了一些重大赛事，但他觉得很值得！ 1．A.schedule B．conclusion C．decision D．effort 解析：选 C 下文中提到莱尔与一个血癌病人的骨髓匹配成功。 由此可知，处于事业巅峰期的他不得不做一个重大决定。make a conclusion 意为“得出结论”；make an effort 意为“作出努力”。 2．A.suitable B．desperate C．ready D．grateful 解析：选 B 一个人患了血癌，他非常需要得到健康的骨髓。be desperate for 意为“非常需要，极其需要”。 3．A.match B．partner C．suit D．fit 解析：选 A 莱尔是所有可能的捐赠者中唯一的匹配者。第 8 个 空后的“he wouldn't have had a match”有提示。 4．A.solution B．situation C．assumption D．problem 解析：选 D 根据下文中的“it meant he would miss some very important sports meetings”可知，莱尔面临的唯一问题是捐献骨 髓会使他错过一些非常重要的赛事。 5．A.Faced B．Concerned C．Delighted D．Disappointed 解析：选 A 下文中提到莱尔决定捐献骨髓，这意味着他将面临 事业上的短暂停顿。be faced with 意为“面对”；be concerned with 意为“与……有关”。 6．A.ability B．motivation C．way D．chance 解析：选 D 根据上文“cutting his career short”可知，莱 尔暂停了事业，把精力都集中在有可能挽救血癌病人的生命上。 7．A.happy B．moved C．upset D．lucky 解析：选 A 根据空后的“I said ‘yes’ right away”可推 知，莱尔为能够帮助别人感到非常高兴。 8．A.yes B．hello C．no D．bye 解析：选 C 如果莱尔说不，这个血癌病人很可能找不到成功的 骨髓配型。 9．A.organized B．forgotten C．avoided D．refused 解析：选 B 联系下文中的“But two months ago, he got a call.” 可知，事实上莱尔已经完全忘了匹配登记这件事。 10．A.told B．warned C．reminded D．proved 解析：选 A 结合上文中的“he got a call”可知，他被告知 他可能与一个血癌病人配型成功。 11．A.improved B．prevented C．recovered D．treated 解析：选 D 根据上文中的“which would get worse quickly” 可知，如果不治疗，病情就会快速恶化。 12．A.doubted B．expected C．confirmed D．predicted 解析：选 C 莱尔接受了血液检验，确认了他与病人配型成功。 13．A.While B．Once C．Before D．Unless 解析：选 B 分析句子的逻辑关系可知，一旦他同意捐献骨髓， 之后就会有更多的检查。 14．A.ensure B．ignore C．protect D．fear 解析：选 A 莱尔需要做更多检查以确保他的身体没有任何问题。 15．A.Quickly B．Gradually C．Suddenly D．Finally 解析：选 D 根据空后的“everything went well”可知，最终， 一切进展顺利，莱尔去医院捐献了骨髓。 16．A.exchange B．share C．associate D．combine 解析：选 B 根据语境可知，莱尔给血癌病人捐献骨髓，他与一 个陌生人分享了骨髓。 17．A.So B．Then C．But D．And 解析：选 C 分析句子的逻辑关系可知，大多数人在捐献骨髓后 的几天就可以完全恢复正常，但莱尔却被告知大约一个月内不能举 20 磅以上的东西。此处前后句之间表示转折关系。 18．A.used B．agreed C．hesitated D．had 解析：选 D 根据上文中的“Cameron was told not to lift over 20 pounds for about a month”可推断，他不得不错过很多赛事。 19．A.grow B．shine C．cheer D．struggle 解析：选 B 在经过八年的铅球训练后，莱尔一定想参加比赛， 使自己表现出众。 20．A.make B．admit C．accept D．do 解析：选 D 莱尔认为自己所做的事很值得，因此他还会再做(同 样的事情)。 二、阅读理解提速练 A The Metropolitan Museum of Art, more commonly known as “the Met”， located in New York City, is the largest art museum in the United States. Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments. It is among the most visited art museums in the world. The main building is one of the world's largest art galleries. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened that Met Breuer Museum, greatly enriching the museum's modern and uptodate art program. The Met's permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiques to ancient Egyptian artifacts (史前 古器物), paintings and sculptures from all but a few of the European masters. It also has an outstanding collection of American and modern art and proudly houses extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Indian and Islamic art. Visitors can also find large collections of musical instruments and costumes, as well as antique weapons from around the globe. The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870. It is the result of a project between businessmen, financiers and influential thinkers of the day. They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people. That dream became a reality when the museum opened its doors on February 20, 1872. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于纽约的大都会艺 术博物馆的一些信息。 1．What is special about the Met? A．Its name. B．Its collection. C．Its building. D．Its location. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments.”可知，大都会艺术博 物馆的特别之处在于它的收藏。故选 B 项。 2．What do we know about the Met's collections? A．They are from European masters. B．They mainly come from Europe. C．They are about antique weapons. D．They cover arts of different times. 解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可推知，大都 会艺术博物馆的收藏包含了不同时期的艺术品。故选 D 项。 3．Why was the Metropolitan Museum of Art built? A．To show the owners' pride in its large size. B．To invest and make more money in the future. C．To offer art education to the American people. D．To bring the worldwide artists' dream into reality. 解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people.”可推知，大都会艺术博物馆的建立是为了给 美国人民提供艺术教育。故选 C 项。 B Arctic sea ice is melting faster than expected, and that means big changes in Earth's climate system. That warning comes from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its scientists are calling for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to help deal with possible dangerous changes resulting from the melting ice. The WMO believes changes in the Arctic area are likely evidence of a coming disaster. It noted that temperatures around the world continue to rise. The next year is predicted to be the hottest year since modern recordkeeping began 150 years ago. The Arctic is warming at least two times as fast as the world average, the WMO said. The highest Arctic sea levels in March were said to be the lowest on record. Petteri Taalas is the WMO's SecretaryGeneral. He said that the changes in the climate were having a serious result. For example, he said, the tree line in mountain areas is moving upward. “There are also some species of animals who have difficulties in coping with these changes，” Taalas said. These include polar bears, Arctic seals, and even some birds. He said the changing climate will also have an effect on fisheries. Taalas also warned that the melting of the Arctic's frozen permafrost could release large amounts of greenhouse gases. Those gases are the ones that speed up the rise of temperatures. But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities. Taalas said that less ice could cut the time it takes for ships to sail between Europe and East Asia. Opening the Arctic would also increase the risk of accidents in hazardous waters and oil spills. The cold, undeveloped environment is more difficult to clean up than other areas. Taalas called for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to study, predict and react to climate change. He said this would keep transportation in Arctic waters safe. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带 来的影响和应对措施。 4．Which of the following will be influenced by the warming according to Taalas? A．Environment. B．Transportation. C．Travel. D．Agriculture. 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Taalas 认为北 极冰川加速融化是因为气候变暖，而气候变暖会对林木业、动物和渔 业造成严重影响，并产生温室气体，这些都是对环境的影响。故选 A。 5．What's the advantage of the melting Arctic sea ice according to the passage? A．It prevents the greenhouse gases producing. B．It will make summer not as hot as before. C．An Arctic observatory needs to be set up. D．It broadens traffic and science research. 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities.”可知，北极冰川的融化 扩大了交通和科学研究的领域。故选 D。 6．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 7 mean? A．Deep and freezing. B．Involving risk or danger. C．Smooth and balanced. D．Safe and slow. 解析：选 B 词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“hazardous waters and oil spills”和下句中的“The cold, undeveloped environment” 应属同一类环境。hazardous 与“寒冷和未开发的”相对应，应意为 “危险的”。故选 B。 7．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A geography book. B．A school booklet. C．A travel guide. D．A science report. 解析：选 D 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及 其带来的影响和应对措施，并且文中列举了相关人士的观点，因此本 文可能出自科学报告。故选 D。 C One Sunday Malachi Bradley was searching for wild mushrooms in eastern Utah when he realized he had wandered too far from the mountain lake where he was hiking with his father and siblings. The 10yearold boy tried looking for a road to flag down a driver, but the area about 200 miles east of Salt Lake City was too remote. He remembered the survival skills his father had taught him and eventually hunkered (蹲下) down between rocks still warm from the sun to protect himself from the cold mountain night. “It was strange not having anybody with me, but I just kept going. I knew I had to make it back, or my family would be really sad，” Malachi said on Tuesday. Over the nearly 30 hours he was missing in the backcountry. He found river water to drink and even tried unsuccessfully to catch a fish with a spear made from a stick. Meanwhile, dozens of search and rescue workers were searching the area on horses and ATVs (全地形车), as well as in the air, but they couldn't spot Malachi in the wooded area. As night fell and temperature dropped, Malachi wrapped his Tshirt around his legs, huddled in his jacket and protected himself from the weather between the rocks. The remaining warmth helped him get through the night. Back at Paul Lake, his father, Danny Bradley, and a friend who had joined them for the camping were keeping a fire burning, hoping the boy might wander back by himself. As the hours wore on, Bradley imagined his son alone in the woods and was terrified that he might be hurt. The next day, Malachi heard a police helicopter flying overhead. He knew the searchers aboard the craft couldn't see him through the trees, so he started walking again until he found a clearing. He stayed there and briefly fell asleep until a search plane spotted him from the air and a helicopter landed to pick him up on Monday. “Malachi was found about five miles southeast of where he went missing，” Uintah County Sheriff Vance Norton said. It appeared that he wandered down a deep and narrow valley and over a hill before he found the clearing. Malachi said he would go camping again, but next time he would not get away from other people. “I've learned from my mistakes，” he said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个在丛林中迷路的小男 孩独自求生，并最终获救的故事。 8．What did Malachi manage to do to survive? A．Build a shelter on his own. B．Catch a fish with a spear. C．Stay between rocks at night. D．Find a road to stop a passing car. 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“... eventually hunkered (蹲下) down between rocks still warm from the sun to protect himself from the cold mountain night”和第五段中的“As night fell and temperature dropped ... protected himself from the weather between the rocks.”可知，他蹲在温暖的石头之间来 抵御夜晚的寒冷。故选 C 项。 9．How could the plane spot Malachi? A．He kept waving and shouting loudly. B．He stood on the top of a rock. C．He used his Tshirt to make a signal. D．He stayed in an area without trees or bushes. 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“... so he started walking again until he found a clearing. He stayed there and briefly fell asleep until a search plane spotted him from the air ...”可知，为了让直升机发现他，他找到了一块林中空地。 clearing 意为“空地”。故选 D 项。 10．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．Danny Bradley kept a fire burning to let his son know the way back B．Malachi Bradley was searching for some flowers when he got lost C．Malachi always stayed where he went missing and waited for rescue D．Malachi's teacher once taught him how to survive in a wilderness 解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Back at Paul Lake, his father, Danny Bradley, and a friend who had joined them for the camping were keeping a fire burning, hoping the boy might wander back by himself.”可知，他的父亲和一个朋友在营地让火 一直燃烧，是希望男孩可以自己走回来。故选 A 项。