2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读解析指导（以真题为例） 10页

‎2020届二轮复习 七选五类型阅读解析指导（以真题为例）‎ 一、(2013课标卷I)‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 ‎ Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 75 ‎ A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.‎ B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.‎ C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.‎ D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.‎ E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.‎ F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.‎ G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.‎ 本文是一篇讨论商务和商务管理的说明文。虽然看似有很多专业术语，但是根据我们常说的“指路词”，以及对上下文的推理，其实要做出正确答案并不难，可谓是难度中等。‎ 文章第一段描述了business的两个含义：一是提供顾客所要商品和服务的方法；二是提供这些商品和服务的组织。文展第二段则细述了商务管理是用来描述计划、指导以及控制公司运作技巧的术语，并在下文中对这三方面进行了一一阐述。‎ ‎71.【答案】 D ‎【解析】推理判断题。本题的后一句出现了一个新名词nonprofits（非盈利），而前文的内容是在说大多数企业都在寻求利润，那这里语义的突然变化就提示了我们空格处所填内容应该与seek to make a profit（寻求利益）语义相反，而与nonprofit相同，因为只有这样才能自然的引出下文。纵观选项，只有答案D出 现了however，表示语义的转折，所以正确答案为D。‎ ‎72.【答案】C ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文意，前文提到的these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers中的these organizations实指non profits organizations，所以此处72题的内容应该是对nongovernmental service providers（非政府服务提供商）的进一步解释。纵观选项，只有答案C是在举例子，而且也出现了关键词nonprofit，所以正确答案为C。‎ ‎73.【答案】G ‎【解析】推理判断题。这道题的解题方法就是我们说的充分利用“指路词”。下文中出现了One is...，The third relates...，可见本空是个总起句，概括了什么东西包含有三个方面。纵观选项，只有答案G出现了three，且主语planning正好复现了第二段首句出现的techniques of planning，所以正确答案为G。‎ ‎74.【答案】E ‎【解析】推理判断题。还是依靠“指路词”，文中出现过了第一和第三，所以本空肯定描述的是第二方面。纵观选项，只有答案E出现了the second，所以答案为E。‎ ‎75.【答案】A ‎【解析】推理判断题。观察第二段可知，商务管理中涉及的techniques of planning, direction均已经提到，只差最后一个control（控制）还未提及，所以本空一定和control有关。纵观选项，只有答案A出现了关键词control，所以答案为A。‎ 二、(2013课标卷II)‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能坡入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。‎ Public Speaking Training ‎•Get a coach ‎ 51 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.‎ ‎•Focus on positives[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎ Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well.‎ ‎ 52 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.‎ ‎ 53 ‎ If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. 54 . As far as we're concerned, ‎ there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.‎ You are a special person not a clone Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special o ne, with your own personal habits. 55 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.‎ A. You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 该类题型考查段落衔接和整段理解。本篇为说明文。文章讲述了进行公共演讲的训练要点。‎ 纵览全文，F选项与文意无关，可以先行去除，将难度降低为从六个选项中选择五个。[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]‎ ‎51.【答案】E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough ‎【解析】根据下一句ready to offer you public speaking training and courses可知 ，开头说的是与public speaking 有关的问题，故选E。‎ ‎52.【答案】B. You already do lots of things well ‎【解析】本题位于段中，通过上下文得出选项。后一句so good public speaking training should develop those与空格形成因果关系，所以空格中应表达“你已经做得很好了”的含义，所以B选项是正确答案。‎ ‎53.【答案】C. Turn your back on too many rules ‎【解析】本题位于段首，为整段的主旨大意。本段第一句中提到lots of dos and don’ts, walk away!可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，要对条条框框说不，所以C选项是正确答案。‎ ‎54.【答案】G. So trying to fo rce a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse ‎【解析】从前句Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about, 可知后一空与前一空形成因果关系，脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。‎ ‎55.【答案】A. You aren’t like anybody else ‎【解析】小标题为•You are a special person not a clone以及treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits可以得出答案You aren't like anybody else（与众不同）。‎ 三、(2013北京卷)‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 71_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.‎ Britain was only the beginning. 72_ .The process of urbanization--- the ‎ migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.‎ In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 73 .‎ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _74 . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.‎ Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 75_ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.‎ A. That kept cities very small. ‎ B. The rest live in small towns.‎ C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. ‎ D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.‎ E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.‎ F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.‎ G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.‎ ‎71.【答案】E ‎【解析】此题有两个暗示点。第一个是时间，上句话提到了5500年前有的城市，之后紧接着说200年之后是个简单的顺成的关系。第二个是but的轻微语义转折，but之后是的两句话都是在讲当时人的居住情况，故E为最佳选项。‎ ‎72【答案】D ‎【解析】此题有一个明确暗示点，为D选项当中的other和上句的Only the beginning. Other 是明显承上启下的功能，后面的the process of证明了这一点，故选D ‎73.【答案】B ‎【解析】此题有一个明确的暗示点。The rest 和之前的3个数据是明显的并列关系，故答案选B。‎ ‎74.【答案】A ‎【解析】此题A选项中有一个明确暗示点，That指代之前所说，故选A。‎ ‎75.【答案】F ‎【解析】此题有一个明确暗示点，modernization 是前后文当中past two centuries 和后面today 的明确对应，故选F。‎ 四、 (2013上海卷)‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several ‎ questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.‎ ‎76. ‎ ‎ The use of health supplements such as multivitamin tablets has increased greatly in the western world. People take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditions from developing. However, there is concern that people are consuming worryingly high doses of these supplements and the European Union (EU) has issued a directive that will ban the sale of a wide range of them. This EU directive should be supported.‎ ‎77. ‎ ‎ Research suggests that people who take Vitamin C supplements of over 5000 milligrams a day are more likely to develop cancer. This shows how much damage these health supplements do to people’s health. A spokesman for the health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin C suppleme nts help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source.‎ ‎78. ‎ ‎ Science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s predicted that pills would replace meals as the way in which people would get the fuel they needed. This, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldn’t have to waste it preparing or eating meals. The EU directive would help prevent this nightmare of pills replacing food becoming a reality.‎ ‎79. ‎ ‎ Peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of painkillers in Britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and child in the country. People do not need all these pills.‎ ‎80.‎ ‎ Some might argue that the EU directive denies people’s right to freedom of choice. However, there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual’s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.‎ 这是一篇介绍欧盟颁布指令禁止过量服用补品药剂的议论文，并且表达了作者对这样一种指令的支持态度。‎ ‎76.【答案】C ‎【解析】第一段交代了人们盲目服用滋补药剂（例如维他命片）的背景，转折介绍了出于对人们过量服药的担忧，欧盟颁布了禁止大面积贩售健康补品的指令。因此，正确答案为C. EU's response to overuse of health products (‎ 欧盟对滥用补品的应对措施)。‎ ‎77.【答案】B ‎【解析】第二段通过举例、正反对比等手法，论证了过量服用维生素C会造成反面效果，对健康造成巨大的损伤。因此，正确答案为B. Different findings as to taking additional vitamin (服用多余维生素会导致不同的后果)。‎ ‎78.【答案】F ‎【解析】第三段中讲到1960年代和1970年代的科幻小说预言了人们用药片代替膳食的场景，并表示欧盟的新指令避免了这种情况的发生。因此，正 确答案为F. EU directive against prediction in novels (欧盟的指令避免了小说中预言的场景)。‎ ‎79.【答案】A ‎【解析】第四段通过举例论证，突出了人们宁愿多吃药片也不注重健康生活的现实情况，强调了作者对过多服用药片的反对态度。因此，正确答案为A. Healthy way of life giving way to overuse of medicine (健康的生活方式让步于药物滥用)。‎ ‎80.【答案】E ‎【解析】第五段通过举例论证，强调欧盟指令对人们是有益的，所以其强制性是合理的。因此，正确答案为E. EU directive for the benefit of individuals (欧盟的指令是对人们有益的)。‎ 六、(2013辽宁卷)‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Forgiveness To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.‎ ‎________71_______ Try the following steps:‎ Calm yourself. ________72_______ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.‎ Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. ________73_______ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.‎ Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about you hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your mounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.‎ ‎________74_______ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.‎ Don’t forget to forgive yourself. ________75_______ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.‎ A. Why should you forgive? ‎ B. How should you start to forgive?‎ C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.‎ D. Try to see things from you offender’s angle.‎ E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.‎ F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.‎ G..If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.‎ 本篇为说明文。文章对宽恕及其如何宽恕别人以及宽恕别人的益处给予了说明。‎ 宽恕是美德，但是没有人说很容易做到宽恕别人。当你被深深伤害的时候，想要不怀恨在心是很难做到的。但是宽恕是可能的——而且这会给你的身心健康带来出乎意料的益处。‎ ‎71.【答案】B ‎【解析】根据下文“尝试下列步骤：你首先要冷静下来， ______72_______摒住呼吸并且想一些能够让你快乐的事情：大自然的美丽景色、或者你喜爱的人等等，都可以”说明：怎样做才会开始原谅（别人）？‎ ‎72.【答案】F ‎【解析】根据下文“摒住呼吸并且想一些能够让你快乐的事情”应该选F(尝试一种简单的减压技巧来缓解你愤怒的情绪。)‎ ‎73.【答案】G ‎【解析】根据上文“不要等别人来道歉。许多时候，伤害你的人没有想过要道歉。他们可能是故意的，也可能只是和你看待事物的方式不一样。”选G(如果你等着别人来道歉，你可能会等令人嫌恶的相当长的时间。你要牢记，宽恕并不一定意味着与使你心烦意乱的人再次成为朋友。‎ ‎74.【答案】D ‎【解析】根据下文“如果你站在别人的立场上，你也许会意识到他或她是因为无知、害怕、甚至是爱才那样做的。你可以从冒犯你的人的立场给你自己写一封信。”选D(试着从别人的角度来看问题)。‎ ‎75.【答案】E ‎【解析】根据上下文“不要忘了宽恕自己”和“但是如果你不宽恕自己，你就会失去自信。”选E(对于有些人来说，宽恕自己才是最大的挑战)。‎ 七、(2013陕西卷)‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从下框的A---F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。 选项中有一项为多余选项。‎ A. Adults keep pets with their children.‎ B. Pet-keeping has a very long history.‎ C. Pet-keeping may do harm to animals.‎ D. People keeps pets for their aesthetic need.‎ E. Caged pets become increasingly popular.‎ F. Pet-keeping is helpful for children’s growth.‎ ‎61. ‎ Pet-keeping is a time-honored tradition. One of the reasons for people to raise dogs or cows was usefulness. While people in the past hunted animals and kept them in thei r backyards, the civilsed man today is less cruel towards them and is less exploitative(利用的).‎ ‎62. ‎ We keep animals as pets because they are attractive. We all have the urge to possess something that has aesthetic（审美的）value, and this is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture. Keeping pets is one form of this urge. A Siamese cat in the house can be a decorative object. Pets are playful animals and they amuse us. A little rabbit amuses us by its playful and lively runs.‎ ‎63.‎ Many parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children. Having pets is an excellent way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility. Children get the opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creature’s life. It will be an educational experience for a child to watch the natural life cycle of an animal. There are psychological benefits for children. Pets are welcome friends for children who are lonely. Pets are excellent companions. Keeping pets means giving love and being loved. We find comfort in giving care and receiving care in return. We get pleasure from their appearance and their behavior.‎ ‎64. ‎ As more people move into apartments, there are limitations on keeping of animals like dogs and monkeys. Therefore, caged animals have increased in popularity. Birds fall into this group. We keep them for their beautiful songs and feathers. Fish-keeping is a widespread hobby and the keeper can observe their behavior in the glass tank and study its entire life cycle. The cat is a fine house pet and it fits neatly into human habitation(居住地) without requiring its own cage. They are wonderful hunters, if there are rats around.‎ ‎65. ‎ Pets satisfy man’s desire to care for a bit of nature. The pet owner has the responsibility for supplying those needs that nature provides. Pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment. Are we not enslaving(奴役)them?‎ 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了介绍了养宠物的历史，养宠物的目的，养宠物可能对宠物造成的伤害以及现在养宠物的现状（笼养宠物）。‎ ‎61.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查语段中心句的提炼及语境理解。关键词定位：文章中的tradition，in the past和选项中的a very long history对应定位，就能很迅速地找到答案。‎ ‎62.【答案】D ‎【解析】考查语段中心句的提炼及语境理解。关键词定位：文章中的their aesthetic need和选项中的their aesthetic need对应定位就能迅速得到答案。‎ ‎63.【答案】F ‎【解析】考查语段中心句的提炼及语境理解。关键词定位：文章中的Many parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children和选项中的helpful for children’s growth对应定位就能迅速得到答案。‎ ‎64.【答案】E ‎【解析】考查语段中心句的提炼及语境理解。关键词定位：文章中的caged animals have increased in popularity和选项中的Caged pets become increasingly popular对应定位就能迅速得到答案。‎ ‎65.【答案】C ‎【解析】考查语段中心句的提炼及语境理解。关键词定位：文章中的we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment.和选项中的do harm to animals对应定位就能迅速得到答案。‎ 八、(2013浙江卷)‎ ‎ 第二节：下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句（第61～65题）。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E 和F）中选出适合各段落的首句，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。‎ ‎ A. Time can run out.‎ ‎ B. Tomorrow won’t be better.‎ ‎ C. Ideas need time to develop.‎ ‎ D. Your professor will be impatient.‎ ‎ E. You blow off your chances for help.‎ ‎ F. You are probably overestimating (高估) the pain.‎ Never Put off Tomorrow What You Can Do Today Want to put off studying for the physics test? Or writing that thirty-five-page research paper on future uses of biotechnology? Sure you do? And who wouldn’t? But it’s still a silly idea to put of f doing something until a future time. Here is why ....‎ ‎61. __________ The task will be still the same. It won’t be any more fun and you still won’t want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seems to become larger and larger if you haven’t started the work. And the stress increases. Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it under great pressure.‎ ‎ 62. __________ Before you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished. But you know what? You’re probably miscalculating. Get started—maybe on a small piece—and you will discover that you have more resources and know more about the subject than you thought. Result? You won’t experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to. Things are guaranteed—100 percent— to get better.‎ ‎63. __________ If you leave your work before the night before it’s due, you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor. Professors regularly give advice—or at least a few useful tips— during office hours. Unfortunately, though, they don’t usually hold office hours at midnight, so you will be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.‎ ‎64. __________ Ever wonder why the professor assigns the papers two weeks before it’s due? It’s because he or she expects you to be thinki ng about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have given the assignment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking. When you throw together a paper or a report at the last minute, your ideas are half-baked. And your professor will know it.‎ ‎65. __________ If you put things off at the last minute, you might find that you ‎ haven’t budgeted enough minutes to finish the necessary tasks. It’s the easiest thing in the world to miscalculate how long it’ll take to do all the work especially when new issues arise—like illness, family problems, computer breakdowns, trouble at work, and all the other things—as you’re thinking through your paper argument or preparing yourself for the coming test. If you keep delaying, you don’t allow yourself time for those various life events that have an adverse (不利的) effect on your ability to complete your assignment.‎ ‎61.【答案】B ‎【解析】根据后面的两句The task will be still the same. It won’t be any more fun and you still won’t ‎ want to do it.可以推断，本段谈论的主题把工作留给将来做不是好主意。本段论述角度：首先，工作依然需要做；其次，越往后推，工作任务越重，压力也就越大。‎ ‎62.【答案】F ‎【解析】根据前两句：…it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished. But…miscalculating…maybe it’s a small place…have more…more…than you though可以判断，该段讲的是：没有开始的时候，会觉得工作不可能完成。但是人们会估计错误。做起来以后，就会觉得其实自己比想像的要强多了，自己完全能胜任的。结果就是一定能够做成功，做得更好。很明显，本段论述的是：人们很容易高估了课业的压力。论述角度为：层层递进。‎ ‎63.【答案】E ‎【解析】根据下一句If you leave your work…, you give up the possibility of…give advice，以及Unfortunately, though…so you’ll be out of luck…（这两句都是对于主题句的进一步解释），可以得知本句主题为：把事情放到最后一刻去做，将会放弃得到帮助的机会。本段论述方式为举例说明，例子为大学生如果把课业留在最后一刻，将会失去得到教授指导的机会。‎ ‎64.【答案】C ‎【解析】本段首先以设问并回答的方式开始论述：你有没有想过你的教授为什么总是会提交给你布置论文吗？因为你的教授希望你好好思考，亦或他希望你能用两周的时间做调研准备（虽然不是希望你投入全天的时间）。从反面开始论证：如果教授不需要你用太多时间去思考，那么他可以给你留更少的时间。接着从正面论述：大部分大学论文都需要学生进行构思、花时间去思考、修改、润色。最后是结论：如果你在最后一刻匆匆忙忙地与完一个论文或报告，你的思想是不成熟的。据此判断：本段谈论的是：需要时间去一步一步地做好。‎ ‎65.【答案】A ‎【解析】本段第一句：如果人们习惯于将事情推到最后一刻去做，将可能发现没有预留出足够的时间完成要做的各种事情。本段最后一句：生活中总是会有阻碍完成工作的各种事情发生，如果你有拖延的习惯，你将不会有时间去应付。判断本段讲的是，时间很容易不够用。‎