2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture单元学案（28页word版） 27页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版人教版必修五Unit 3Life in the future单元学案 ‎1. 单词拼写 ‎1). As is known, it takes years to ______(掌握) a foreign language.‎ ‎2). Why is the driver _______ (闪光) his light at me?‎ ‎3). The flowers died for ____ (缺乏) of water.‎ ‎4). She r____ me that I hadn’t written to mother.‎ ‎5). As we all known, Liu Huan is a w_____ singer.‎ ‎6). His head _____ (疼痛)，which stopped him from going to the party.‎ ‎7). We have s______ experience, but your result is quite different.‎ ‎8). The t________ of goods by air is very expensive.‎ ‎9). There is no such car in the s______ area.‎ ‎10). Everyone who enters the chemical factory must wear a ______ (面具).‎ ‎2. 单项选择 ‎1. It is a long time since a saw my sister.‎ A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit ‎2.---The last one ______ pays the meal.‎ ‎ --- Agreed!‎ A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ‎3. I smell something ____ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a ‎ minute?‎ A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt ‎4. At the beginning ofclass, the noise of desks _____ could be heard outside the classroom.‎ A. opened and closed B . to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close ‎5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ____ him.‎ A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call ‎6. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.‎ A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuaded ‎7. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ____ at the end of last March.‎ A. has been launced B having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched ‎8.______ in the queue for an hour, the man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.‎ A. waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited ‎9. --- Can those _____ at the back of the classroom hear me?‎ ‎ --- No problem.‎ A. to be sent B. sit C. seated D. sat ‎10. The message is very important, so it is supposed _____ as soon as possible.‎ A. to be sent B. to sent C. being sent D. sending ‎11. _____ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.‎ A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show ‎12. _____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an e—main instead.‎ A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed ‎13. --- They are quiet, are n’t they?‎ ‎ --- Yes. They are accustomed____ at meals.‎ A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking ‎14. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.‎ A. speak B. speaking C.spoken D.to speak ‎15. ______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.‎ A. To show B. Thown C. Throwing D. Being thrown ‎16. We had an anxious couple of weeks_____ for the results of the experiment.‎ A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting ‎17. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made_____ in the ‎ restaurant.‎ A. working B. work C. to work D. worked ‎18. The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.‎ A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up ‎19. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning ari is ao good _______.‎ A.to be breathed B. to breathe C.reathing D. being breathed ‎20. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _____ most of her day.‎ A. takes out B. takes dpwn C. takes up D. takes off ‎21. The diplomat(外交官)_____ several foreign language, so he is expert at diplomatic affairs.‎ A. learns B. studies C. grasps D.masyers ‎22. ______ money, I couldn’t buy the bike, so I went home disappointedly.‎ A. Lacking B. Lacked C. Having lacked D.To lack ‎23. Mr. Black was _____ his mind to his task and didn’t notice my arrival.‎ A.making B. bending C. burying D. stealing ‎24. Preseverance is a kind of quality --- and that’s ______ it takes to do anything well. ‎ A. what B. that C. which D. why ‎25. They asked people nearby to _____ them in putting out the fire in the supermarket.‎ A. provide B. insist C. assist D. suggest ‎26. Kids talk frequently about what they can do, _____ many adults do the opposite, tending to talk about what they can’t and why.‎ A.and B. so C. for D.while ‎27. The furniture is made in the same way _____ it was 200 years ago.‎ A.as B. that C. for D.while ‎28. --- I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday.‎ ‎--- impossible. She ____ TV with me in my home then.‎ A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching ‎29.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ____, and asked myself what I was going to do.‎ A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved ‎30. I’ ve visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them ____ this one.‎ A. makes B. beats C. compares D. matches ‎31. He _____ the dead leaves up in garden.‎ A.turned B. swept C.pulled D.put ‎32. The two sides have finally _______, though some small different still exist.‎ A. made a decision B. reached a agreement C. settled down D. broken up ‎33. _____ China is a big country covering an area of 9,600,00 sqiare kilometers.‎ A. What is known to us all is that B. As it is known to us all C. Which is known to us all that D. it is known to us all ‎34. --- Come in, please, make yourself at home.‎ ‎---_________‎ ‎--- I am glad you like it.‎ A. Thanks. You have a nice place here.‎ B. Oh, this picture is so beautiful C. Thanks. What nice food you ‘ve prepared!‎ D. Ok, let me look around your new house.‎ Section I 课前准备、听力、口语 ‎1. What will life be like in the future? 未来的生活会是什么样子? (p.41 Warming Up)‎ What ...like? “……像什么／怎么样／什么样子?”，此处like是介词，其宾语是what。如：① What's the weather like there? 那儿的天气怎么样? ② What's your teacher like? 你老师是怎样一个人?‎ ‎2. What happened to the people on the earth? 地球上的人出什么事了? (p.42 Listening Ex.3)‎ happen to“某人／某物发生了什么事，怎么了”。如：① That autumn something unfortunate happened to my family. 那年秋天，我家发生了一件不幸的事。② What finally happened to the poor boy? 这可怜的男孩最后怎么了? ③ What has happened to your leg?你的腿怎么了? ④What has happened to the recorder?录音机怎么了?‎ ‎3. It would be wonderful if (I had more free time)! 假如 (我有更多的自由时间)，那该多好啊! (p.43 Useful expressions)‎ 什么是虚拟语气?虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小或不可能发生的情况，虚拟语气常用于复合句中。上句是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，主句和从句的谓语动词使用了虚拟语气，表示“与现在事实相反的”一种假设。那么，当说话人想表示“与现在事实相反的”假设时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动词的“模版形式”是怎样的呢?请观察如下，例如：① If I were you, I wouldn't accept her suggestion. 如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。② If I knew the answer to the question, I should (would) tell you. 如果我知道问题的答案，我会告诉你的。③ If he were here, he might talk with you. 如果他在这儿，他可能会跟你谈谈的。④ If I didn't do exercise every day, I wouldn't be so strong. 如果我不每天锻炼，我是不会这么强壮的。‎ Section Ⅱ 阅读 ‎4. One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society. ‎ 瞥一眼未来是什么样子的办法之一是考察一下当今社会的主要倾向。(p.43 Reading ‘Life in the future’ 第2行)‎ ‎(1) to catch a glimpse意为“看一眼；瞥见”。在句中作one way的定语；to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society作表语。① I caught a glimpse of our new neighbor. 我只看过一眼我们的新邻居。② I glimpsed her among the crowd. 我瞥见她在人群当中。③ The man glimpsed the thief climbing out of the window. 那人瞥见小偷从窗户爬出来。‎ ‎(2) major (adj. & n. & vi.)主要的，较大的，主修的；major in主修。如：① The major aim of the air raid was the complete destruction of all means of communica- tions by bombing. 空袭的主要目的是通过轰炸彻底摧毁敌人的通讯设施。② Cities, such as Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou are major cities in China. 像上海、北京和广州等城市是中国的主要城市。③ Physics was his major subject in the university. 物理是他大学的主修课。④ He is a history major. 他是主修历史的学生。⑤ He majors in physics. 他主修物理。‎ ‎5. A good example of how transportation is changing is the new maglev train，which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing speed of 430 km／h. 交通工具是如何变化的一个很好的例子就是新兴的磁悬浮火车，这种火车既友好于周围环境，又节能，并且以每小时430公里的惊人速度行驶。(p.43 Reading ‘Transportation’ 第4行)‎ ‎(1) 句中how transportation is changing (交通工具是如何变化的) 作介词of的宾语从句；which is…and travels…430 km／h是限制性定语从句，其先行词是train。amaze (vt.) 使惊奇，使吃惊；amazing (adj.) 令人惊异的；amazed (人) 惊异的，惊愕的。如：① Her knowledge amazes me. 她的学识令我吃惊。② Visitors were amazed at the achievements of the city during the past ten years. 参观者对这城市过去十年中的成就感到惊奇。③ I was amazed by the news of George's sudden death. 听到乔治突然去世的消息，我感到惊愕。④ What an amazing painting! 多么了不起的一幅油画啊!‎ ‎(2) at a speed of ...以……的速度 The car is racing at a frightening speed of 200 m／h. 这辆小汽车以每小时200英里的吓人速度飞驰着。‎ ‎6. Many companies and consumers have already begun reforming the way they do business. 许多公司 和消费者已经开始改革他们之间的交易形式。(p.43 Reading ‘Business’ 第1行)‎ ‎(1) reforming the way they do business是动名词短语作宾语。动词begin的宾语也可用不定式，可改为…begun to reform the way they do business；they do business作名词way的定语从句。‎ ‎☆reform ( n. & v.)改革，改进，悔改。如：① The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life. 改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和丰富多彩的生活。② We must reform the outdated rules and regulations. 我们必须改革那些过时的规章制度。③ He promised to reform if given another chance.‎ ‎ 他答应只要再给他一次机会就一定悔改。‎ ‎(2) 名词way(方法)后面的定语从句的关系词可用that代替in which，也可以如上句一样不用任何关系词。再如：① They way(that／in which)you're doing is completely crazy. 你这么干法，简直是发疯了。② I liked the way(that／in which)she organized the meeting. 我喜欢她组织会议的方法。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ in this／that／the way中的介词常可省略；way后既可跟“带to的动词不定式”结构作其定语，也可跟“of + -ing”结构作其定语，两者之间没有多大的区别；另外，不要混淆in the way(挡道)，on the way (在途中)和by the way(顺便说)。请看如下例句：① I think you're putting it together (in) the wrong way. 我认为你把它装错了。② Do it any way you like. 你爱怎么干就怎么干。 ③ There was no way to prove that he stole the money. 没有办法证明他偷了钱。④ There was no way of proving that he stole the money. 没有办法证明他偷了钱。⑤ Please don't stand in the kitchen door – you're in the (my) way. 请别站在厨房门口 — 你挡了我的路。‎ ‎(3) do business (with…) (与……) 做买卖，做生意，做交易。We're doing a lot of business with foreigners now.现在我们跟外国人的买卖量很大。‎ ‎7. E-commerce, or business done on the Internet, is becoming more and more popular. ‎ 电子商务，或者说在因特网上所进行的贸易，越来越受到人们的青睐。(p.43 Reading ‘Business’ 第2行)‎ 此处or的意思是“或者说，也就是”。注意下面与or搭配的词组：or else ( = otherwise) 否则，要不然；or so大约；or rather或者说，更准确地说；or sb. (sth.／sp.)或者其他什么人(其他什么东西，其他什么地方)。如：① This medicine, or rather drug, has a violent effect. 这种药品，或者说麻醉剂，有强烈的效果。② Hurry up, or (else) you'll miss the bus. 快点，否则你就赶不上公共汽车了。③ He must pay off the debts or else go to prison. 他必须还清欠债，否则就得去坐牢。④ I'd like twenty or so. 我想要20个左右。 ⑤ I put it in the cupboard or somewhere else. 我把它放到橱柜里，或者其他什么地方。‎ ‎8. The Internet also makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers and companies in other countries. 因特网也使公司和消费者及国外其他公司之间的联系更加容易。(p.44 Reading ‘Business’ 第3行)‎ ‎(1) it为形式宾语，easier为宾语补足语，真正的宾语是动词不定式复合结构for companies to keep in touch with customers and companies in other countries。词组keep／be in touch with…意为“与……保持联系”；get in touch with ...“和…取得联系”；lose touch with ...“与…失去联系”；out of touch“失去联系，对…生疏”。如：① I still keep in close touch with most of my high school classmates. 我仍然和大部分中学同学保持着紧密的联系。② I'll get in touch with you as soon as I arrive. 我一到达，就跟你联系。③ We've been out of touch with them for ages.‎ ‎ 我们好多年没联系了。‎ ‎(2) 关于动词不定式复合结构：如果不定式的逻辑主语既不是句子的主语，也不是谓语动词的宾语，就要用"for + n.／pron.”作为它的逻辑主语。如：① It is difficult for her to read the book. 她读这本书是困难的。② It's quite necessary for you to give up smoking. 你很有必要戒烟。‎ ‎【提示】在“It is + adj. + of + n.／pron. + to do”结构中，of前面的形容词一般限于对of后面的名词表示称赞和责备(即此入的品质)的形容词。如：nice, clever, bold, honest, polite, careful, wrong, bad, rude, stupid, silly, careless, foolish, naughty 等。如：① It's clever of you to refuse her. 你拒绝她是明智的。 ② It's cruel of him to kill the cat. 他把那只猫杀死，太残忍了。‎ ‎9. Instead of just searching a crowded store for basic goods, such as food and clothes, people want to go to a pleasant mall and combine shopping with fun. 人们现在想去的购物商场是令人感到舒服的，并且是寓购物于娱乐中的，而不再是像以前那样，穿梭于拥挤的商店中，寻找着诸如食品和衣物一类的日用品。(p.44 Reading ‘Business’ 第7行)‎ ‎(1) instead of (= in place of／rather than) prep. 代替，而不是…。如：If you cannot go, he'll go instead of you. 如果你不能去，他愿替你去。‎ ‎(2) search sb. ／sth. for...搜查，搜索。如：① He searched all the drawers for the missing papers. 他翻了所有的抽屉，找那份丢失的文件。‎ ‎② They searched the man all over for money. 他们搜遍了他的全身找钱。‎ ‎(3) crowd n. 人群，大量，大批 (the crowd 一般指群众，大众)；crowded adj. 拥挤的，塞满的；‎ ‎☆crowd vt. & vi. 涌向(某处)，聚集，挤满；‎ ‎☆crowded with 满是，挤满。如：① He writes all his books for the crowd rather than for specialists. 他的全部作品都是为一般大众所写，而不是为了专家们。 ② There stood a crowd of lookers-on. 那儿站了一群围观的人。③ They crowded into ray room. 他们挤进了我的房间。④ Swimmers crowded the beaches. 游泳者们挤满了海滩。⑤ The office was crowded with people. 办公室里挤满了人。‎ ‎(4) pleasant adj. (某物／事)令人愉快的，舒适的；please adj. (某人) 高兴的，满足的。如：① We spent a pleasant day in the country. 我们在乡下度过了愉快的一天。② We are very pleased with her decision. 我们对她的决定很满意。‎ ‎(5) combine…with…把…与…结合起来。如：We should combine theory with practice. 我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。‎ ‎10. People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life and remain active even in old age. 未来的人们将能够更长寿、更健康，即使年龄很大，也会很活跃的。(p.44 Reading ‘Health And Medicine’ 第1行)‎ ‎ remain active为系表结构，remain在此是系动词，意为“‎ 保持，依然，仍然，继续”。另外remain也是一个不及物动词，意为“留下，剩余，残存”。It remains to be seen…句型，意为“……还要看情况发展”。如：① I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. 我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。② How many weeks will you remain (stay) here? 你将在此停留几个星期? ③ He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way. 他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。④ Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。⑤ The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery. 客栈老板之死仍然是个谜。⑥ The fact remains to be proved. 事实尚待证明。‎ ‎11. People now are paying more attention to the importance of a healthy diet and all active life. 人们对于健康饮食和活跃的生活正给予更多的重视。(p.44 Reading ‘Health And Medicine’ 第3行)‎ attention n. 注意，关心，关注，注意力，(口令)立正! 注意下列搭配；attract／draw／invite one’s attention (to…) 吸引某人注意……；pay attention to 注意，重视，倾听；give (one's) attention to 注意，关心；focus／centre one's attention on 把注意力集中在……。如：① We should pay more attention to state affairs. 我们应该更加关心国家大事。② Give your whole attention to what you are doing. 把全部注意力用于你所做的事。③ Never mind about me. Please focus your attention on the wounded. 不要管我，请关注伤员。④ Attention please, fellow!伙计们，请注意!‎ ‎12. With a better understanding of the human body, scientists and physicians will be able to cure more diseases. 随着对人体结构的更好地了解，科学家和医生将能够治愈更多的疾病。(p.44 Reading ‘Health And Medicine’ 倒数第3行)‎ ‎(1) understanding n. 理解，了解，谅解；adj. 富于理解力的，能体谅人的，聪明的。如：① His understanding of English is very good. 他对英语的理解能力很强。② The two parties finally came to (arrived at) an under- standing. 双方最终取得谅解。③ He replied to me with an understanding smile. 他会心地微笑着回答了我。④ My mother is really an under- standing woman. 我妈妈确实是一个通情达理的人。‎ ‎(2) cure n. & v. 治疗，疗法，对策；治疗 (疾病)，消除。如：① The cats proved to be a good cure for our mouse problem. 最终证实猫是我们解决老鼠问题的好方法。② Aspirin is a wonderful cure for colds. 阿斯 匹林是治感冒的妙药。③ I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder. 我希望医生能治好我肩上的疼痛。④ Parents try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母试图改掉孩子的恶习。‎ ‎13. Perhaps more importantly, new discoveries in genetics and biochemistry may lead to changes in the way diseases are cured and medicines are made. 或许更重要的是，遗传党和生化党方面的新发现可能导致疾病治疗和药物制造方法上的改变。(p.44 Reading ‘Health And Medicine’ 倒数第2行)‎ Perhaps more importantly在句中作状语。‎ changes in the way “在方法方面的变化”；diseases are cured and medicines are made为两个修饰先行词way的定语从句，省略了关系代词that或in which。词组lead to意为“引起，导致，通向”。如：① The path leads to the village. 这条小路通到那村庄。 ② His carelessness led to the great fire. 他的粗心引起了这场大火。③ Blindly copying others might lead to losses. 盲目搬用别人的东西可能会造成损失。‎ ‎14. If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store. 如果我们学会善于接受变化并欣赏新颖而又不同寻常的东西的话，那就等于我们已经充分做好了接受未来给我们储备的任何东西的准备。(p.44 Reading ‘Education and Knowledge’ 倒数第2行)‎ ‎(1) 句中的what is new and different ( = the thing that is new and different) 作动词appreciate 的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，what = the thing that。appreciate感激，感谢；鉴赏；欣赏；赏识，珍惜；察觉，意识到。如：① I appreciate your help. 我感谢你的帮助。 ② We greatly appreciate your timely help. 我们非常感谢你们的及时帮助。③ We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们恭候你的佳音。 ④ I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. 我认为小孩对现代图画往往比任何其他人都更有鉴赏力。⑤ We appreciate the danger ahead. 我们意识到危险临头。‎ ‎【提示】appreciate doing sth. (见例句③)。‎ ‎(2) 句中的whatever the future may have in store ( = anything that the ‎ future may have in store)作介词for的宾语从句，whatever在从句中作have的宾语，whatever = anything that。‎ ‎(3) 注意prepare的搭配：be (well) prepared for...为……做好了(充分的)准备；be prepared to do sth. 准备好干某事；prepare for为……做准备；prepare oneself for sth. 为……做准备；prepare against准备应付(不好的事情)。如：① We must be prepared for all the unex- pecteded things. 我们要做好各种准备，以防意外。 ② The farmers are preparing the ground for the seeds. 农民们正在整理土地准备播种。③ Working on a part- time job can prepare them for a future career. 做兼职工作可以为他们 将来的事业做好准备。④ Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the old class- mates? 你能否帮助我为这次老同学聚会做准备工作?‎ ‎(4) in store贮藏着，保存着，准备着 Who knows what the future has in store for us?谁知道我们将来会怎么样?‎ Section III 词汇、语法、综合技能 ‎15. For example, we now have e-friends to help us and keep us company. 例如，现在我们有电子朋 友来帮助我们并陪伴我们。(p.47 Integrating Skills 第一段 第2行)‎ 句中的company在此并非“公司”，而是“伴侣；同伴；友谊；交情；陪伴”之义。请注意其如下搭配：keep／bear sb. company陪伴某人；fall into company with...偶然和……结识；in the company of...在……陪同下；have company有客，招待客人。如：① He kept me company.‎ ‎ 他陪伴我。② A man is known by the company he keeps.【谚】与其交友知其为人。③ I had no company on the journey. 我在旅行中没有同伴。 ④ Two's company, three's none. 两人成伴，三人不欢。 ⑤ I'm glad of your company. 有你作陪我很高兴。⑥ I have company this evening. 今晚我有客人要招待。 ⑦ May fair winds company your safe return! 愿和风伴你平安归来。‎ ‎16. We don't think about the world and reality in the same way you did either. 我们考虑这个世界以及现实的方式也和你们的不一样。(p.47 Integrating Skills 第二段 第1行)‎ not...either意为“也不”，not in the same way “不以同样的方式”，you did是修饰先行词way的定语从句，did代替thought about。名词reality意为“真实，事实，逼真”，其同根词是real，请注意由reality构成的如下词组：in reality“事实上，实际上，其实”；turn sth. into realities“把……变为现实”；bring sb. back to reality“使某人面对现实，不再抱有幻想”；make sth. a reality“实现某事，落实”。如：① In reality, he is not completely wrong. 实际上，他并非完全错了。② We must make the most of our school time to turn all our dreams into realities. 我们必须充分利用好我们的在校时间，把我们的所有梦想变为现实。③ The failures in his career brought him back to reality. 事业的失败使他回到了现实。‎ ‎17. In the year 3044, we call see more than just a picture. 在3044年，我们所能看到的不仅仅是一幅图画。(p.47 Integrating Skills 第二段 ‎ 倒数第2行)‎ ‎ more than的常用搭配有：‎ ‎ (1) more than + 数词／(冠词a／an)+名词 = 超过 ‎ (2) more than + 形容词 ＝ 非常，极 ‎ (3) more than + 副词 ＝ 太，不只 ‎ (4) more than + 分词 ＝ 极，非常 ‎ (5) more than + 动词 ＝ 极，非常 ‎(6) more than + 句子 ＝ 超过，难以，非常 如：① The stone weighs more than 10 tons. 这块石头重达10吨多。② They are more than satisfied. 他们极为满意。③ That is more than enough. 那是太多了。 ④ I met him more than once. 我不只一次遇见过他。 ⑤ She more than hesitated to promise that. 她极为犹豫地答应了做那件事情。 ⑥ The beauty of the lake is more than I can describe. 我难以描述这湖的美丽。‎ ‎1. what等引导名词性从句 ‎ 在复合句中，有些从句的作用相当于名词，可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这些从句统称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的关连词有：① 连接词that，if，whether；② 连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose；③ 连接副词when，where，why，how；④ 复合代词和复合副词whatever(不论什么时候)，whichever ‎ (不论哪一个)，whoever(不论谁)，whenever(不论什么时候)，wherever(不论哪里)，however(不论怎样)。现分述如下：‎ ‎1)主语从句：在复合句中充当主语。关连词有：连词that，whether；连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose；连接副词when，where，why，how；复合代词和复合副词whatever，whoever等。如：① That he will succeed is certain. 他会成功是肯定的。② Whether he will go there is not known. 还不知道他是否去那里。③ What he said is not true. 他说的话不真实。④ Who broke the window has not been found out. 谁打破了窗户还没有查出来。⑤ How he escaped is still a mystery. 他如何逃脱的仍然是一个谜。⑥ Where he hid the money is to be found out. 他把钱放在什么地方有待查明。⑦ Whom she borrowed the money from still puzzled him. 她从谁那里借钱仍然使他困惑不解。⑧ Whoever comes is welcome. 无论谁来都受欢迎。‎ ‎【提示】 (1) 有时为了匀称句子，用it代替主语从句，作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：It is certain that he will succeed. (2) if不可用来引导主语从句，要用whether。比较：误：If he will write the book is not decided. 正：Whether he will write the book is not decided. (3) who和whoever引导名词性从句在意义上是不尽相同的，who引导的从句表示一个“情况”，或一件“事情”，whoever引导的从句则表示“任何……的人”，whoever = anyone who，因此，Whoever leaves last should turn off the light是正确的，而Who leaves last should turn off the light则是错误的。‎ ‎ 2)宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语。注意：除谓语动词之后可接宾语从句外，介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词 (如：sure，certain，glad，pleased，afraid，surprised，satisfied等)的后面也可以带宾语从句。根据关连词性质的不同，宾语从句有如下三种类型：‎ ‎ (1) that引导的宾语从句：仅起引导作用，在从句中无句法功能，本身无具体意义，在口语和非正式文体中可省略，不引导介词的宾语从句(except that除外)。如：① He said (that) he was going to study in Canada. 他说他要到加拿大去学习。② I'm certain (that) he is at home now. 我敢肯定他现在在家。③ I'm afraid