2020版一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit9Wheels单元学案（34页） 33页

‎ (一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．cyclist n．　　　　　　　　 骑自行车的人 ‎2．motorist n. 驾驶汽车的人 ‎3．pedestrian n. 行人 ‎4．chip n. 集成电路片，硅片 ‎5．ambassador n. 大使 ‎6．interpreter n. 译员，口译者 ‎7．southeast n. 东南，东南方 ‎8．jam n. 阻塞，拥挤 ‎9．traffic jam 交通阻塞，塞车 ‎10．minibus n. 小巴 ‎11．plus prep. 加，加上 ‎12．solar adj. 太阳的，太阳光的 ‎13．ferry n. 渡船 ‎14．per adj. 每，每一 ‎15．nonsmoking adj. 禁止吸烟的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．therefore adv. [纵联1] 所以，因此 ‎2．arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留 ‎3．thief n. 贼，小偷 ‎4．insert vt. 插入，嵌入 ‎5．platform n. 站台，月台 ‎6．gentle adj. 和善的，温和的 ‎7．fierce_adj. 凶狠的，凶恶的 ‎8．vocabulary n．　[纵联2] 词汇；词汇量 ‎ ‎9．schedule_n. 时间表；进度表 ‎10．timetable n. 时间表 ‎11．foolish adj. 愚蠢的 ‎12．hostess_n. 女主人 ‎13．crossing n. 交叉路口，人行横道 ‎14．content_n. 容纳的东西；目录 ‎15．amount_n. 数量 ‎16．physical adj. 身体的；物质的 ‎17．figure_n. 数字，数目 ‎18．admit vt. 承认，供认 ‎19．whichever pron. 无论哪个 ‎20．damage_ vt.& n. 损害，损失 ‎21．appreciate vt. [纵联3] 欣赏；感谢 ‎22．hopeful adj.　[纵联4] (人)抱有希望的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．convenient adj.方便的，便利的→convenience n．方便，便利 ‎2．argue vi.争辩，争吵→argument n．理由；依据；争论，争辩 ‎3．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的→sense n．感觉 ‎4．responsibility n．负责，责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的 ‎→response n．反应 ‎5．impression n．印象，感觉→impress vt.给某人留下深刻印象，使铭记→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的；感人的 ‎6．reliable adj.可靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖 ‎7．addicted adj.沉溺于……的→addict vi.& n．使沉溺，使上瘾；瘾君子→addiction n．瘾，沉溺，癖好→addictive adj.上瘾的 ‎8．occupy vt.占用；担任→occupation n．职业 ‎9．suit vt.适合→suitable adj.适合的 ‎10．benefit vi.& n．得益；好处→beneficial adj.有好处的 ‎11．actually adv.实际地，真实地→actual adj.实际的 ‎12．frequent adj.时常发生的→frequently adv.频繁地 纵联1.“因此”家族 ‎①therefore adv.因此；所以 ②so conj.因此；所以 ‎③thus adv.因此；于是 ④consequently adv.所以；因此 ‎⑤as a result结果；因此 纵联2.由vocabulary想到的 ‎①word单词 ②phrase短语 ‎③sentence句子 ④idiom习语 ‎⑤proverb谚语 ⑥passage一段 ‎⑦paragraph段落 ⑧article文章 纵联3.“感谢”家族 ‎①grateful adj.感激的 gratitude n．感激 ‎②appreciate v．感激；感谢 appreciation n．感激 ‎③thank v．&n.感谢 thankful adj.感激的 ‎④acknowledge v．感谢 acknowledgment n．感谢 纵联4.后缀“ful”构成的形容词小结 ‎①powerful强大的；有力的 ②harmful有害的 ‎③doubtful怀疑的；疑惑的 ④faithful守信的 ‎⑤forgetful健忘的 ⑥hopeful充满希望的 单元话题——交通 子话题1　交通工具 ‎①tram n．有轨电车 ②lorry n．运货汽车，卡车 ‎③truck n．卡车，运货车 ④motorcycle n．摩托车 ‎⑤carriage n．四轮马车 ⑥subway n．地铁 ‎⑦aircraft n．飞机 ⑧flight n．航班 ‎⑨helicopter n．直升机 ⑩economic class经济舱 ‎⑪nonstop flight直达航班 ⑫express train特快列车 ‎⑬highspeed rail高铁 ⑭bullet train动车 子话题2　交通设施及服务 ‎①railway n．铁路；铁道 ②harbor n．港口，码头 ‎③airport n．机场；飞机场 ④highway n．公路 ‎⑤steward n．男乘务员 ⑥stewardess n．女乘务员 ‎⑦conductor n．列车员 ⑧parking lot停车场 ‎⑨traffic signal/light交通信号灯 ‎ [学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2014·辽宁高考阅读D)Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible❶ for forty employees (雇员) and profits (利润) of over ＄2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter，” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt❷ you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”‎ Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation❸.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：responsibility，该句中where he is responsible ...为定语从句 ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：damage ‎③写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：occupy，该动词的其他意思有：占用，消遣 ‎2．(2012·广东高考完形)Sometimes it may not be so easy to know exactly what is right or wrong.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals, but others 　❶　 (argument) that they can eat meat and still be kind❷ to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so guilty when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really❸ poor area and he is starving.‎ ‎①用所给词的适当形式填空：argue ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：gentle，加黑词的其他词性及意思：n.种类 ‎③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：actually ‎3．(2011·天津高考阅读A)Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts❶ do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential (居住的)．Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded❷ area.It is very 　❸　 (convenience) to travel in London by Underground.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根词：hostess ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同义名词：jam ‎③用所给词的适当形式填空：convenient，句中it为形式主语 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)上周，我们和我校的一些外国学生一起体验了中国的茶文化，这给我们留下了深刻的印象，并取得了巨大的成功。(impression)‎ Last_week,_we,_together_with_some_foreign_students_in_our_school_experienced_the_Chinese_tea_culture,_which_left_us_a_deep_impression_and_got_huge_success.‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)例如，从大量的参考书中选择我经常感到困惑。在那种情况下，根据排名买书既方便又省钱。(convenient)‎ For_example,_there_are_a_number_of_reference_books_which_I_am_often_confused_to_choose_from.In_that_case,_it_is_both_convenient_and_economical_to_buy_books_according_to_the_ratings.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．benefit v．& n．得益；有益于；好处 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)benefit sb.　　　　　　　　　使某人受益 benefit from/by ... 从……中受益 ‎(2)be of (great) benefit (to ...) (对)……(大)有裨益 for the benefit of ... 为了……的利益 get benefit from ... 从……中受益 ‎(3)beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的 be beneficial to sb. 对某人有益 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which I benefit a lot.‎ ‎②In fact, music education is beneficial (benefit) and important for all students.‎ 句型转换 ‎③I hope this holiday will be beneficial to you.‎ ‎→I hope this holiday will be of benefit to you.‎ 完成句子 ‎④As everyone knows, sports are_beneficial_to building up our bodies.‎ 众所周知，体育活动对强身健体有益。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2013·天津高考书面表达)如果我有幸当选，我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。‎ If_I_am_lucky_enough_to_be_elected,_I_will_make_every_effort_to_serve_for_the_benefit_of_students_and_our_club.‎ ‎2．convenient adj.方便的，便利的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.‎ ‎ 做某事对某人来说方便　‎ ‎(2)convenience n. [U]便利，方便；‎ ‎ [C]方便好用的东西 for convenience 为了方便起见 为了某人方便 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候，‎ ‎ 在合适的时候 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①You may send me an answer at your earliest convenience.‎ ‎②I buy this apartment for convenience (convenient), for it is very convenient for me to_take (take) the subway.‎ 一句多译 如果你方便的话，应该多进行户外运动。‎ ‎③If it_is_convenient_for_you,_you should do more outdoor exercise.(convenient)‎ ‎④If it_is_at_your_convenience,_you should do more outdoor exercise.(convenience)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2015·陕西高考书面表达)如果您有兴趣，请在您方便的时候将申请邮件发送到陈老师的邮箱：chenlaoshi@aef.com。‎ If_you_are_interested,_please_send_an_application_email_at_your_earliest_convenience_to_Ms_Chen_at_chenlaoshi@aef.com.‎ ‎3．argue vi.争辩，争吵vt.‎ 坚决主张，提出理由证明；说服，劝说 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)argue with sb. about/over sth.‎ ‎ 就某事与某人争论　　　 　‎ argue that ... 主张/认为……‎ argue for/against ... 为赞成/反对……而辩论 argue sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 argue sb.out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 ‎(2)argument n. 争论，辩论；论据，论点，理由 have an argument beyond argument 　　　　 无需争论 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As far as I know, they argue for the right to vote.‎ ‎②I argue that every one of us (should)_try (try) our best to help those in need.‎ ‎③He argued against smoking and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.‎ ‎④When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument (argue)．‎ 完成句子 ‎⑤He was unhappy because many people argued_against_his_plan (反对他的计划)．‎ ‎⑥It is beyond_argument (无可争辩) that there are still millions of people leading a hard life with hunger and coldness.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑦(2015·江苏高考书面表达)一些人主张应该多注意我们拥堵的道路交通。‎ Some_argued_that_more_attention_should_be_paid_to_our_heavy_road_traffic.‎ ‎4．appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；感激，感谢；理解，体会 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)appreciate sth.　　　　　 　 欣赏某物；感谢某事 appreciate (sb./sb.'s) doing sth.　 感谢(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激 ‎(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.‎ ‎②I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems.‎ ‎③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) for helping me find the lost suitcase.‎ ‎[用准]　appreciate表示“感激”时，后面要跟动词ing形式作宾语，而且后面的宾语一般是事情或it，不跟sb.。appreciate sb.意为“重视，赏识某人”，如果表示“感激某人”用thank sb.。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2015·陕西高考书面表达)如果你能给我这样一次机会来展示我的能力，我将不胜感激。‎ I_really_appreciate_it_if_you_could_give_me_such_an_opportunity_to_show_my_talent.‎ ‎5．amount n．数量，数目；总额vi.合计，共计 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)a large/small amount of＋不可数名词　大/少量的(作主语时谓语用单数)‎ large/small amounts of＋不可数名词 ‎ 大/少量的(作主语时谓语用复数)‎ in large amounts 大量地 ‎(2)amount to 合计；共计；等同于 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Proper amounts of childcare do (do) good to grandparents.‎ ‎②A good amount of sleep every night is (be) also important for your health.‎ ‎③The total sales of the company didn't amount to more than a million dollars.‎ ‎④This type of TV has been sold in large/small amounts.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2014·广东高考书面表达)这些钱是她所有的积蓄。她可以省下这么多钱，因为她的生活很简单。‎ The_money_was_all_her_savings.She_could_save_such_a_large_amount_of_money_because_she_lived_a_very_simple_life.‎ ‎6．addicted adj.沉溺于……的；上瘾的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be/become/get addicted to ‎ 对……上瘾，沉溺于……(to是介词)‎ ‎(2)addict vt. 使沉溺，沉溺于 ‎　n. 有瘾的人；入迷的人 addict oneself to 沉溺于……‎ ‎(3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的，使……入迷的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending (send) and receiving messages.‎ ‎②Her son addicted himself to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.‎ ‎③I took up skiing a couple of years ago and I find it quite addictive (addict)．‎ 句式升级 ‎④He was addicted to playing the violin and didn't notice a thief walk into his house.(用现在分词作状语)‎ ‎→Addicting_himself_to_playing_the_violin,_he_didn't_notice_a_thief_walk_into_his_house.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)一旦参与其中，他们立刻就沉迷于迷人的茶文化。‎ Once_involved_in_it,_they_were_addicted_to_the_charming_tea_culture_right_now.‎ ‎7．admit vt.承认，供认；准许……入内；准许……加入；可容纳 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)admit doing/having done/that ... 承认做过……‎ admit ... to be ...　　　　 承认……是……‎ admit sb./sth.into/to 允许某人/某物进入 ‎(2)be admitted as 作为……被接受 be admitted to/into 加入；进入；被……录取 ‎(3)admission n. 准许进入；承认 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①You have to admit the performance to_be (be) wonderful.‎ ‎②The young man had to admit driving/having_driven (drive) without a driving permit.‎ ‎③The young man tried to enter a nightclub, but was refused admission_(admit)．‎ 一句多译 他承认违反了交通规则。‎ ‎④He_admitted_breaking_the_traffic_rules.(admit doing)‎ ‎⑤He_admitted_having_broken_the_traffic_rules.(admit having done)‎ ‎⑥He_admitted_that_he_had_broken_the_traffic_rules.(admit that)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑦(2014·四川高考书面表达)考试结果可能会正如所预料得那样，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。‎ The_exams_are_likely_to_work_out_as_expected_and_my_dream_to_be_admitted_to_my_favorite_university_will_come_true.‎ ‎8．occupy vt.居住；占用，使用；占领；使忙碌，使从事 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth./in doing sth.‎ ‎ 使某人忙于某事 sb.be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 某人忙于某事 ‎(2)occupation n. 占领；职业 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities.‎ ‎②I suppose I was looking for an occupation (occupy) which was going to be an adventure.‎ 句型转换 She is occupied in looking after three children at home, so she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.‎ ‎③Occupied in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.‎ ‎④Occupying herself in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2014·四川高考书面表达)一般来说，进入高三的那一刻，我们就忙于复习和准备，这被认为是一个至关重要的时期。‎ Generally_speaking,_we_are_occupied_in_reviewing_and_preparing_for_it_the_moment_we_enter_senior_three,_which_is_considered_a_vital_period.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．They built a platform (站台) in the trees from which they could watch the animals unobserved.‎ ‎2．You can't appreciate (欣赏) English poetry unless you understand its rhythm.‎ ‎3．He studied hard, and in consequence (结果) he passed the exam.‎ ‎4．The task will be finished ahead of schedule (进度表) if nothing prevents.‎ ‎5．As you know, reading is one of the best ways to build vocabulary (词汇量)．‎ ‎6．Bill was doing a lot of physical (身体的) exercise to build up his strength.‎ ‎7．I wondered whether he had already known the contents (内容) of my telegram.‎ ‎8．Every time I try to start the engine (发动机), there's a strange knocking sound.‎ ‎9．He took a small key from his pocket and slowly inserted (插入) it into the lock.‎ ‎10．It is difficult to quantify an exact figure (数字) as firms are unwilling to declare their losses.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We are always arguing with each other about money.‎ ‎2．Our football team decided to admit him to_be (be) one of the members.‎ ‎3．It's best to buy vegetables in large amounts because they are cheaper now.‎ ‎4．Many towns have camping places for the convenience (convenient) of tourists.‎ ‎5．Parents must represent to their children the risk of getting addicted to the Internet.‎ ‎6．Such responses, even the tears, are beneficial (benefit) to one's longterm health.‎ ‎7．Some patients actually (actual) got worse after receiving the ‎ treatment.‎ ‎8．He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself with a very important experiment.‎ ‎9．He is a reliable (rely) man, and you can rely on him to do what he has promised.‎ ‎10．Stop feeling embarrassed because you are a sensitive (sense) person and your emotions are close to the surface.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．I'll visit you next weekend if it is convenient for you. for→to ‎2．I feel that I have benefited greatly to her wisdom. to→from ‎3．At that time, small amounts of land was used for keeping animals. was→were ‎4．I appreciate given the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.given前加being ‎5．Addicting to Chinese culture, he decided to learn Chinese in a night school.‎ Addicting→Addicted或Addicting后加himself Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．Will it_be_convenient_for_you to chat with me on the Internet tonight?‎ 你今晚方便和我网上聊天吗？‎ ‎2．We tried many ways to argue_him_into_accepting_our_advice，but in vain.‎ 我们尝试了很多办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳的。‎ ‎3．Now many kids are_addicted_to_playing net games and eventually get their future ruined.‎ 现在许多孩子都沉溺于网络游戏，最终会自毁前程。‎ ‎4．I_would_appreciate_it_if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.‎ 如果您能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎5．You can also revise the knowledge at the same time and you are_sure_to_benefit_from_it.‎ 与此同时你也复习了知识，你一定会从中获益。‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．fed_up　　　　[串记1]　　　 不愉快的，厌烦的 ‎2．work_out 做运动，锻炼身体；制订出 ‎3．thanks_to 　　　[串记2] 由于，因为 ‎4．pull_up (车辆)停止，停车 ‎5．pull_out (火车)驶离车站，出站 ‎6．so_far 迄今为止 ‎7．take_place 　　　[串记3] 发生；举行 ‎8．go_up 上升 ‎9．take_part_in 参加 ‎10．take_action 采取行动 ‎11．rely_on 依赖，依靠 ‎12．be_addicted_to [串记4] 沉溺于 ‎13．on_average 通常；平均 ‎14．compared_to 与……相比 ‎15．be_related_to 与……有关 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“厌倦，厌烦”短语知多少 ‎①fed up ②be sick of ‎③be bored with ④be tired of ‎⑤be weary of 串记2.“因为，由于”短语万花筒 ‎①thanks to ②as a result of ‎③on account of ④as a consequence of ‎⑤in consequence of ⑥due to ‎⑦owing to ⑧because of 串记3.表示“发生”的高频词汇一览 ‎①take place (尤指按计划或安排)发生 ‎②happen (尤指偶然)发生；出现 ‎③occur 发生；出现；存在于 ‎④come about/up 产生；发生 ‎⑤break out (战争、打斗等)突然爆发 串记4.“be＋v.ed＋to”短语荟萃 ‎①be admitted to 被接纳，被录取 ‎②be accustomed to 习惯于 ‎③be devoted to 致力于 ‎④be related to 与……有关 ‎⑤be opposed to 反对，对抗 ‎⑥be addicted to 沉溺于 ‎1．a good city for cycling 一个骑自行车的好城市 ‎2．get stuck in traffic jams 陷入交通堵塞 ‎3．use the sun's energy for power 利用太阳能发电 ‎4．the advantages of solar cars 太阳能汽车的优点 ‎5．keep you fit and help you live longer 让你保持健康和活得长寿 ‎6．leave the bike there for someone else to use 把自行车放在那儿让别人用 ‎7．an unusual design with bright colors 颜色鲜艳的不寻常的设计 ‎8．one of the major causes of global warming and climate change全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一 ‎1．Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.‎ 无论人们在哪里骑完一段路程，他们就把那辆自行车放到那里，以便别人能够使用。‎ ‎2．How often do we arrive at work or school stressed_out,_tired_and_angry?‎ 有多少次我们是在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校的？‎ ‎3．But anger and stress are nothing compared_to the real costs of the motor car.‎ 但是比起汽车的实际代价，恼怒和紧张还是微不足道的。‎ ‎4．In conclusion, on_the_one_hand Ludford is an attractive town with good shops and many places of interest. On_the_other_hand,_the local governments need to do something to control the traffic which passes through the town.‎ 总之，一方面，路孚德是一个有着优良商店和众多名胜的迷人小镇。另一方面，当地政府有必要采取措施来控制途经镇区的车辆。‎ ‎5．Before 1908, when Ford's cars became available to the public, it_was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.‎ ‎1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 ‎1．(2013·湖北高考阅读E)Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)were_related_to ‎2．(2011·浙江高考阅读A)He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable.Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.Or changing social circumstances.Or some combination of these factors.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)thanks_to 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 ‎(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)‎ 看来我们回不去农舍吃晚饭了。我们都站在那里，又饿又累。(形容词作状语)‎ It_seems_that_we_can't_make_our_way_back_to_the_farm_house_for_supper.We_all_stood_there,_hungry_and_tired.‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)当我买东西的时候，我往往会依赖消费排名，因为排名越高意味着产品质量越好。(rely on)‎ I_tend_to_rely_on_consumption_ratings_when_I_buy_something_because_higher_rating_means_the_higher_quality_of_the_product.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．work out锻炼身体，做运动；解决，解答；计算出；产生结果，发展；制订出 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中work out的含义 ‎①The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning. 锻炼身体 ‎②Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem. 解决，解答 ‎③The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width. 计算出 ‎④The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately.制订出 ‎⑤You can't predict everything. Often things don't work out as you expect. 产生结果 ‎[记牢]‎ work on　　　　　　 从事……，继续……‎ work at 从事/致力于……‎ out of work 失业 at work 在工作中 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑥Scientists are still working on inventing methods of reaching outer space.‎ ‎⑦He has been out of work for two months.‎ ‎[用准]　work out作“解决；制订出”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以接宾语；作“锻炼；产生结果”时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2016·江苏高考书面表达)如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，事情就会好转。‎ Things_will_turn_for_the_better_if_we_can_work_out_some_participation_rules_for_people_to_obey.‎ ‎2．rely on依赖，依靠；指望 ‎[记牢]‎ rely on/upon sb./sth.　　　　　 依靠某人/某物 rely on/upon sb.to do/doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事 rely on/upon sb.for sth. 因某事依赖某人 rely on/upon it that ... 相信……；指望……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.‎ ‎②Many people now would rely on surfing (surf) the Internet rather than read newspaper for news.‎ ‎③Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, which makes the children rely on their parents badly.‎ 句型转换 We rely on his finishing the work today.‎ ‎④We rely on him to finish the work today.‎ ‎⑤We rely on it that he will finish the work today.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2016·江苏高考书面表达)其次，这类投票并不取决于竞争对手的优势，而是取决于他们拥有多少社交网络资源。‎ Secondly,_voting_of_this_kind_does_not_rely_on_the_strong_points_of_the_competitors,_but_rather_on_how_many_socialnetworking_resources_they_have.‎ ‎3．pull up (车辆)停止，停车；拔出；提高，改进；责怪 ‎[记牢]‎ pull down　　 拉下(遮帘、帘子等)；拆毁，拆掉(建筑物)‎ pull off (费力气)脱掉(衣服)‎ pull out 驶出 pull through 渡过难关，摆脱危险 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.‎ ‎②The father saw the train his son was on pull out,_with his eyes full of tears.‎ ‎③Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2015·福建高考书面表达)我们应该努力通过学习提高自己，为将来做好准备。‎ We_should_take_pains_to_pull_up_ourselves_through_learning_and_get_prepared_for_the_future.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ 强调句型 ‎[教材原句]　Before 1908, when Ford's cars became available to the public, it_was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)You are waiting at a wrong place.It_is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.‎ 你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接游客的。‎ ‎(2)Was_it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?‎ 是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？‎ ‎(3)What_was_it_that prevented him from coming in time?‎ 是什么使得他没及时来到？‎ ‎(4)It_was_not_until all the fish in the river died out that they realized the importance of environmental protection.‎ 直到河里所有的鱼都死光了，他们才意识到环保是多么重要。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)强调句式的构成：It 用法归纳 ‎ is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...，当被强调的部分为主语时，句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。‎ ‎(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who ...？‎ ‎(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who ...？‎ ‎(4)对“not ...until ...”进行强调时，应使用句型“It is/was not until ...that ...”。当not until ...置于句首时，句子要用倒装。‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。‎ ‎(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整，则为强调句。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)I know it is one of Chinese traditional art forms — papercutting that you are interested in.So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I have already finished my application and resume.But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don't know what it is that I should pay attention to.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)It is your contributions that certainly make the event a huge success.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 on average， go up， fed up， so far， pull up， take place， work out， be addicted to， pull out， rely on ‎1．On_average,_I spend 100 yuan on books each month.‎ ‎2．The little boy is_addicted_to reading detective novels.‎ ‎3．So_far I haven't had any success.However, I'll keep trying.‎ ‎4．When you began to work you might work_out a practical scheme.‎ ‎5．Now that you are grownup, you should not rely_on your parents.‎ ‎6．Mary told me straight out that she was fed_up and wanted to leave.‎ ‎7．The driver had to pull_up his taxi when he saw the traffic light turned red.‎ ‎8．Fire will take_place if the gases hydrogen and oxygen are mixed and lighted.‎ ‎9．The prices of many goods have been going_up so that many families live a hard life.‎ ‎10．Just before we arrived at the station, the train to Xi'an pulled_out and soon disappeared in the distance.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换/完成句子/一句多译 ‎1．You can't rely on your friends lending you the money.‎ ‎①You can't rely on your friends to lend you the money.‎ ‎②You can't rely on it that your friends will lend you the money.‎ ‎2．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。‎ He went to bed, cold_and_hungry.‎ ‎3．只要你用功，你的法语水平就会很快提高的。‎ If you study hard, you'll soon pull_up_your_French.‎ ‎4．直到上周五他才看完这本书。‎ It_was_not_until_last_Friday_that he finished reading the book.‎ ‎5．很多孩子沉迷于上网，因此他们对学习失去了兴趣。‎ ‎①Many_kids_become/are/get_addicted_to_surfing_the_Internet,_so_they_have_lost_interest_in_study.(addicted adj.)‎ ‎②Many_kids_addict_themselves_to_surfing_the_Internet,_so_they_have_lost_interest_in_study.(addict vt.)‎ ‎③Addicted_to_surfing_the_Internet,_many_kids_have_lost_interest_in_study.(过去分词作状语)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想来中国旅行，他写信向你了解他到北京后乘坐何种交通工具旅行比较适宜。请你给他写封回信，建议他乘坐高铁。建议理由：‎ ‎1．便捷、舒适；‎ ‎2．准点、安全；‎ ‎3．购票方便、价格适宜。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：中国高铁 CRH (China Railway Highspeed)；‎ 自助售票机 selfservice ticket machine Dear Peter，‎ I'm expecting you to come to China.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章应分三个层次：开头应点明写信的缘由，为介绍高铁的情况做铺垫，避免直接介绍高铁的特点带来的生硬突兀；主体部分应依据题目所给的三个要点进行构思，题目所给的三个要点比较宽泛(属于半开放作文)，写作时应化大为小，细化处理，如介绍高铁时可从它的舒适性，安全性及价格方面介绍，以上这些要点考生容易把握，有话可说；结尾应表达希望或祝愿，不可戛然而止。‎ 要点1：我要向你简单介绍高铁。‎ I_will_introduce_the_CRH_train_to_you_briefly.‎ 要点2：高铁便捷、舒适。‎ The_CRH_trains_are_convenient_and_comfortable.‎ 要点3：高铁准点且安全。‎ The_CRH_trains_are_punctual_and_safe.‎ 要点4：高铁购票方便、价格适宜。‎ It's_easy_to_get_tickets_and_the_prices_are_reasonable.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 要点1，可补充内容“如今高铁发展良好且在中国很受欢迎”，表达时可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句；要点2可使用wherever引导的地点状语从句，及at ...speed等高级句式和表达；要点3可使用and并列句；要点4可用it作形式主语，及such as列举使要点更加全面，具有可信度，同时用and引导并列句再次介绍了所建议的交通工具的优点，从而达到写信的目的。‎ 拓展1：当你到达北京时，你最好乘坐高铁，如今高铁发展良好且在中国很受欢迎。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)‎ When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_become_popular_in_China_nowadays.‎ 拓展2－①：它有很多不同的交通线路。对你来说无论到哪都很方便。(wherever引导的地点状语从句)‎ It_has_lots_of_different_lines.It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you_want_to_go.‎ 拓展2－②：高铁宽敞、舒适且快捷。(at ...speed)‎ The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.‎ 拓展3：它们准时到站，且保证旅客安全。(and并列句)‎ They_arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_passengers.‎ 拓展4－①：购票方便，可通过多种渠道购票，如电话、网络或自助售票机。(it作形式主语，such as)‎ It's_easy_to_get_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine. ‎ 拓展4－②：票价适宜。为乘客提供一等服务，确信你会旅行愉快。(and并列句)‎ Prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable.It_offers_firstclass_services_to_‎ passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 开头首先点明主题，建议乘坐高铁，同时简单介绍高铁的特点，以此引出下文；中间列举要点，用到连接词如so， besides；结尾表达祝愿。‎ Dear_Peter，‎ I'm_expecting_you_to_come_to_China.When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_become_popular_in_China_nowadays.I_will_introduce_the_CRH_train_to_you_briefly.‎ It_has_lots_of_different_lines,_so_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you_want_to_go.The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.They_arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_passengers.It's_easy_to_get_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine.Besides,_prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable.It_offers_firstclass_services_to_passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(九)　说明文之现象类——确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法 破解现象类说明文的关键：首先确定主题句，它常常位于篇首，通过主题句确定文章的说明对象。其次，要在略读全文时确定说明的顺序和方法，这是文章的核心部分，是命题的切入点，也是解题的关键。然后迅速浏览题干，结合题干要求到文中寻找关键对应点，从而确定答案。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇 ‎[确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇 ‎[读文解题技法]‎ 说明对象 时间1‎ 数字1‎ 时间2‎ 数字2‎ 时间3‎ 数字3‎ 时间4‎ 数字4‎ 数字5‎ 数字6‎ ‎　[1]Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ ‎[2]Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and ‎ ‎1.速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象 本文的主题句在首段but后，说明语言正在消失这一现象。‎ 数字7‎ their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries，trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ ‎[3]At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.‎ ‎[4]Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at ‎2.略读全文查找说明顺序和说明方法 本文以时间顺序采用各种数字来说明语言消失的规律。‎ ‎3.结合题干要求比对原文定答案 结合题干中的关键词，比对各种数字背后暗含的意义，得出正确答案。‎ ‎ random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ ‎ [利用说明顺序和方法巧解题]‎ 由关键词第三段中的“时间4”、“数字4”、“数字5”和“数字6”，分析得出答案。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎31．What is the main idea of the text？‎ A．New languages will be created. ‎ B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.‎ C．Human development results in fewer languages. ‎ D．Geography determines language evolution.‎ ‎―→文章主旨题：由说明对象及数字变化得出答案。‎ ‎ [答案]　28.B　30.B　31.C