【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十七（20页word版含有答案解析） 20页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十七 ‎[一]‎ As the world’s urban population gets bigger, cities are struggling to provide the basic services that their residents need. One of the most pressing problems is public transport. Take a look at the crisis facing the city of London. At no time in history has there been such a mass migration of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it’s estimated that more than two thirds of the world’s population will be living in cities—twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities today—overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food and water—will be twice as bad in the next century, unless we find solutions soon.‎ London is a good example of the problems facing many major urban centers. It was the world’s first megacity—the first with a population of a million people. Its expansion was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which , among other things, powered the world’s first underground railway.‎ Today, London has one of the world’s most extensive transport systems. But, because it was the first city to build a railway network, much of the infrastructure—the trains and buses, the tracks and tunnels—is now hopelessly out-of-date, and needs urgent modernisation.‎ London’s future success depends very much on transport. The city lies at the heart of Britain’s road and rail networks and problems in London can rapidly affect other areas of the country. On an average morning, overground trains bring passengers to stations on the outskirts of the city, and they then continue their journeys by underground, bus or taxi.‎ ‎1. More than two thirds of the world’s population will be living in cities in years.‎ ‎ A. 30 B. ‎23 C. 17 D. 2007‎ ‎2. With the development of society is becoming one of the most serious problems of cities.‎ ‎ A. poor housing B. poverty C. unemployment D. public transport ‎3. The underlined word “megacity” in paragraph two means .‎ ‎ A. a city with a population of a million people.‎ ‎ B. a city with the problem of public transport.‎ ‎ C. a city with a lot of car factories.‎ ‎ D. a city with much pollution.‎ ‎4. The railway network of London is .‎ ‎ A. very helpful B. in good use C. behind the times D. first-class ‎5. If London wants to develop fast, it should solve the problem of first.‎ ‎ A. transport B. housing ‎ C. water and electricity D. the working conditions of workers 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C 数字计算题。从第一段第五句中的2030可以推断出。‎ ‎2. D 细节理解题。从第一段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. A 词义猜测题。从该词后的补充解释中可以看出。‎ ‎4. C 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. A 细节理解题。从第四段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎[二]‎ Hot dogs are one of the most popular foods in the USA. However, they don’t just attract Americans. Hot dog fans spread all over the world. Every year, the Nathan’s International Hot Dog Eating Contest, on July 4th, attracts thousands of hot dog lovers to join in the big event in New York.‎ The 2007 Nathan’s worldwide hot dog eating qualifying contest（预选赛）have begun, on March 24th. These contests are being held in many towns in America and Japan. The winner of each qualifying round will receive the right to compete in the Nathan’s International Hot Dog Eating Contest.‎ On July 4th, about 20 final contestants will stand behind a 30-foot-long table with hot dogs and drinks. Each contestant has his or her way to eat hot dogs. Whoever eats the most hot dogs in 12 minutes is the winner. A hot dog that is in the mouth at the end of the 12 minutes still counts, but only if it is swallowed.‎ The winner will get a plate with the number of hot dogs he or she has eaten on it. He or she will also get a yellow belt, as that color represents the sauce used in hot dogs, as an honor.‎ For the past six years, the winner has been a Japanese contestant, Takeru Kobayashi. This year, American people really want to see a new winner.‎ ‎“The contest puts the basis of human endeavor（努力）on display for all the world,” said Richard Shea, president of Major League Eating. “One never knows where the most ambitious eaters among us live, but I am confident that we will find incredible eating talent in the 2007 contest.”‎ ‎1. The hot dog contest is held on every year in New York.‎ ‎ A. July 4th B. March 24th C. July 20th D. March 12th ‎2. About people will join the final contest.‎ ‎ A. 4 B. ‎24 C. 12 D. 20‎ ‎3. Which statement is true?‎ ‎ A. A hot dog that is in the mouth at the end of the 12 minutes still counts.‎ ‎ B. A hot dog that is in the mouth at the end of the 12 minutes doesn’t count.‎ ‎ C. A hot dog that is in the mouth at the end of the 12 minutes still counts on condition that it must be swallowed.‎ ‎ D. A hot dog that is in the mouth at the end of the 12 minutes doesn’t count even if it is swallowed.‎ ‎4. The winner of the contest will be given .‎ ‎ A. a lot of money ‎ B. a lot of hot dogs ‎ C. a plate with his name on it ‎ D. a plate with the number of hot dogs he has eaten on it. ‎ ‎5. The sauce used in hot dogs is .‎ ‎ A. red B. yellow C. brown D. green 参考答案： ‎ ‎1. A 细节理解题。从第一段第四句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. D 细节理解题。从第三段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. C 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D 细节理解题。从第四段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. B 细节理解题。从第四段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎[三]‎ The Last Shot A young hunter wanted to join a famous club for hunters, but he couldn’t until he had killed a lion. So one day he went out into the country with one porter and several rifles to find a lion. That night, they camped by a water-hole and waited for a lion to come to drink.‎ At about midnight, in the moonlight, he saw a lion put his head over a bush and looked around him carefully. The hunter aimed at the lion and fired. The head disappeared. The hunter didn’t know whether he had killed it or not, so he and the porter sat and waited nervously. A minute later, the lion’s head came up from behind the bush again, and the hunter aimed and fired again, and the head disappeared. But they still didn’t know if the lion was dead yet. A minute later the lion’s head appeared again, and again he aimed and fired.‎ The hunter had ten shots in his rifles and this continued until he had only one shot left. The porter was very frightened by then and said, “If you miss this one, we will be eaten.”‎ When the lion appeared for the tenth time and looked around, the hunter aimed very carefully and fired, praying that this time he would not miss, and they wouldn’t end up inside the lion. They waited quite some time to see if the lion would put his head up again. At last, thinking they were safe enough, they went over to the bush to find the lion. However, they found not one dead lion, but ten! Each with a bullet hole through the forehead. If there had been one more lion, they would soon have been inside a very angry eleventh lion.‎ ‎1. If one wants to join the club for hunters he must .‎ ‎ A. be good-looking B. be very strong C. kill a lion D. kill ten lions ‎2. The hunter had bullets in all.‎ ‎ A. one B. three C. ten D. eleven ‎3. The hunter killed lions altogether.‎ ‎ A. one B. three C. ten D. eleven ‎4. The hunter shot the lions in the .‎ ‎ A. breast B. leg C. neck D. forehead ‎5. We can conclude according to the passage that .‎ ‎ A. the hunter was not allowed to join the club.‎ ‎ B. the hunter was permitted to join the club. ‎ ‎ C. the hunter didn’t want to join the club finally.‎ ‎ D. the eleventh lion didn’t dare to appear when it found so many dead lions.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C 细节理解题。从第一段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. C 细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第三句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D 细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. B 判断推理题。根据全文及最后一段中共打死十只狮子可以推断出。‎ ‎ [四]‎ ‎ Survival Skill You know it’s truly amazing how the Jewish people have survived after thousands of years of being slaves, persecuted（迫害）, and even attempted genocide（种族灭绝） when Hitler’s Nazi’s murdered 6 million Jews! That’s why in 1934, Germany was the wrong place to be a Jew. When Hitler’s teenage gangs took over his village, the little Jewish boy, Heinz, was just 11 years old.‎ Everyday Heinz’s parents taught their children how important it was to learn self-control. When the Nazi gangs terrorizing their village on the streets daily, Heinz’s parents knew that just one moment of losing control of their anger against their Nazi rulers could mean the death of their family. So Heinz learned to stay out of their way, sometimes crossing the street or taking a different road home.‎ But one day, young Heinz was finally cornered by one of Hitler’s bullies（恶棍）. For the first time, Heinz was forced to talk to a Nazi youth. But by staying calm and carefully choosing words, Heinz surprised even himself when he talked his way out of trouble and convinced this bully not to hurt him, but to let him go. That day, Heinz discovered his survival skill of talking and reasoning with others. It was a major turning point that changed his life—and later changed the world.‎ After a few years, Heinz’s family escaped from Germany and moved to America. But Heinz never forgot how to talk with people and help bring peace between enemies. You see, that 11-year-old boy who had negotiated（谈判，商议）his first peace settlement with a Nazi bully, later became one of the greatest ambassadors（大使）of peace in the world. You’ve probably heard of him—not as Heinz—but by his American name: Henry Kissinger, the former U.S. Secretary of State. ‎ ‎1. The reason why in 1934 Germany was the wrong place to be a Jew is that .‎ ‎ A. the Jewish people have survived after thousands of years of being slaves.‎ ‎ B. the Jewish people have survived after thousands of years of being persecuted.‎ ‎ C. Hitler’s Nazi’s murdered 6 million Jews.‎ ‎ D. Hitler’s teenage gangs took over Germany ‎2. Which is the most important to the Jewish children?‎ ‎ A. Pretending not to be a Jew B. Trying to be beautiful ‎ C. Learning to defend themselves D. Learning to control themselves.‎ ‎3. If a child lost control of his anger against their Nazi rulers .‎ ‎ A. he will be killed ‎ B. all his family will die.‎ ‎ C. the whole village will be dead ‎ D. all the people in the village will be buried.‎ ‎4. The underlined word “cornered” in paragraph 3 means .‎ ‎ A. the point at which two lines or edges meet ‎ B. the point where two roads meet ‎ C. to put someone into a position in which they cannot choose to do what they want to do ‎ D. to force a person or animal into a position from which they cannot easily escape ‎5. Heinz’s skill of talking and reasoning with others .‎ ‎ A. saved himself. B. changed his life.‎ ‎ C. changed the world D. all the above 参考答案：‎ ‎（六二）1. C 细节理解题。从第一段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. D 细节理解题。从第二段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B 细节理解题。从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D 词义猜测题。根据句意，corner此处为动词，意为“被截住去路，被堵”。‎ ‎5. D 细节理解题。从第三段最后两句中可以看出。‎ ‎[五]‎ Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year．Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans． So far there is no effective way to get rid of it， but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．‎ Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it．To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films．14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs．Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．‎ Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic．＂Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，＂she explains，＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond．＂‎ Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene．But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting．The next step， DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?‎ Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills．But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．＂‎ ‎43．What can we learn about the worms in the study?‎ A．They take plastics as their everyday food．‎ B．They are newly evolved creatures．‎ C．They can consume plastics．‎ D．They wind up in landfills．‎ ‎44．According to Jennifer DeBruyn， the next step of the study is to ．‎ A．identify other means of the breakdown B．find out the source of the enzyme C．confirm the research findings D．increase the breakdown speed ‎45．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ．‎ A．help to raise worms B．help make plastic bags C．be used to clean the oceans D．be produced in factories in future ‎46．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To explain a study method on worms．‎ B．To introduce the diet of a special worm．‎ C．To present a way to break down plastics．‎ D．To propose new means to keep eco-balance．‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎43．C【解析】根据第一段中的“a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms”以及第二段中的 “Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, …and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it”可知大蜡螟幼虫能吃塑料，故选C。根据第三段中的“the worms' ability to break down their everyday food - beeswax”可知，大蜡螟幼虫的日常食物是beeswax，所以不能选A项；第三段中的“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond”‎ 只谈及大蜡螟幼虫吃塑料是一种进化现象，不是讲大蜡螟幼虫是一种进化后的新物种，不能选B项。‎ ‎44．B【解析】根据第四段中的“The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown． Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?”可知，DeBruyn认为研究的下一步要找出酶的来源。故选B。‎ ‎45．D【解析】根据第五段中的“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process - not simply' millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．’”可知，将来可能会在工厂生产酶这种化学物。故选D。‎ ‎46．C【解析】文章第一、二段提出有关大蜡螟幼虫分解塑料垃圾的研究发现，全文围绕该话题展开，介绍一种分解塑料的方法，故选C。‎ ‎[六]‎ Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks．His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road．What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags． ‎ Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year． So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) ． The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles． Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume．‎ Among the bag makers' argument：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport．And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on ‎ the ground today．‎ The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement： reusable shopping bags． The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out． However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make． One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic．‎ Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points． They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years．‎ ‎24．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?‎ A．Help increase grocery sales．‎ B．Recycle the waste material．‎ C．Stop things falling off trucks．‎ D．Argue for the use of plastic bags．‎ ‎25．What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Bans on plastic bags．‎ B．Effects of city development．‎ C．Headaches caused by garbage．‎ D．Plastic bags hung in trees．‎ ‎26．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?‎ A．They are quite expensive．‎ B．Replacing them can be difficult．‎ C．They are less strong than plastic bags．‎ D．Producing them requires more energy．‎ ‎27．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Plastic, Paper or Neither B．Industry, Pollution and Environment C．Recycle or Throw Away D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control 参考答案：‎ ‎24．D【解析】根据第一段中的“is defending an industry”和第二段中的“like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可推知，Stein是一个为塑料业，特别是支持塑料袋使用而发声的科学家，故选D项。‎ ‎25．A【解析】根据文章第二段中的“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities”可知，大约90个城市已经禁止使用塑料袋，再根据画线词下文的内容可知画线词指代上文提到的禁止使用塑料袋，故选A项。‎ ‎26．D【解析】根据第四段中的“However，longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make”可知，生产可重复使用的袋子会消耗更多的能源，故选D项。‎ ‎27．A【解析】根据最后一段中的“Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points． They hope paper bags will be banned someday too”并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的利弊。故A项能很好地概括全文。‎ ‎ [七]‎ There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials， sometimes huge savings．Recycling plastics and aluminum，for instance，uses only 5% to l0% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提炼) aluminum．‎ Long before most of us even noticed what we now call " the environment，" Buckminster Fuller said，" Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源) we are not harvesting．We allow them to be left around because we've been ignorant of their value．" To take one example，let's compare the throwaway economy(经济) with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life．‎ Say your cat weighs 5kg and eats one can of food each day．Each empty can of its food weighs 40g．In a throwaway economy，you would throw away 5,475‎ ‎ cans over the cat's 15–year lifetime．That's 219kg of steel – more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat's weight．‎ In a recycling economy，we would make one set of 100 cans to start with， then replace them over and over again with recycled cans．Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing， we'd have to make an extra 10 cans each year．But in all，only 150 cans will be used up over the cat's lifetime – and we'll still have 100 left over for the next cat．‎ Instead of using up 219kg of steel，we've used only 6kg．And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel，we've also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use – 47% to 74%；in air pollution – 85%；in water pollution –35%；in water use – 40%．‎ ‎28．What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?‎ A．It is becoming more serious．‎ B．It destroys the environment．‎ C．It benefits the economy．‎ D．It is the resources yet to be used．‎ ‎29．How many cans will be used up in a cat's 15–year lifetime in a recycling economy?‎ A．50． B．100． C．150． D．250．‎ ‎30．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To promote the idea of recycling．‎ B．To introduce an environmentalist．‎ C．To discuss the causes of pollution．‎ D．To defend the throwaway economy．‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎28．D【解析】根据第二段中的“Pollution is nothing but the resources（资源）we are not harvesting． We allow them to be left around because ‎ we've been ignorant of their value”并结合全段内容可知，Buckminster Fuller认为所谓的污染物就是尚未利用的资源，我们忽视了它们的价值，由此可知应选D项。注意解答细节理解题时，考生一定要从文章中与题干相关的段落和句子中寻找答案。根据该题题干中的Buckminster Fuller可知，答案应该是在第二段中，所以务必要理解该段的具体含义和Buckminster Fuller所说的话的意义。而选项A、B和C则完全属于“无中生有”的论断，均可以排除。‎ ‎29．C【解析】根据第四段中的“But in all，only 150 cans will be used up over the cat's lifetime - and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat”可知，通过循环利用，养一只猫15年只需要用掉150个食物罐，并且还有100个食物罐可以留下来给下一只猫。由此可知，真正消耗的食物罐应该是150个，故选C项。‎ ‎30．A【解析】根据文章第一段和第二段可知，作者在文章开头就提出了论点，即循环利用可回收材料更节能；第三至五段又具体通过养猫所使用的食物罐为例来进一步论证。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的在于倡导循环利用的理念，故选A项。‎ ‎ [八]‎ After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park．Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park．By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves．‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area．They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around．‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results． Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly． These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced ‎ plant diversity in the park． In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly． The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers．‎ As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park．They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets．‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers． The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone．Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback．The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well．‎ ‎28．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Wildlife research in the United States．‎ B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area．‎ C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves．‎ D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park．‎ ‎29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Tested． B．Separated． C．Forced out． D．Tracked down．‎ ‎30．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？‎ A．Damage to local ecology． B．A decline in the park’s income．‎ C．Preservation of vegetation． D．An increase in the variety of animals．‎ ‎31．What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？‎ A．Doubtful． B．Positive． C．Disapproving． D．Uncaring．‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎28．D【解析】纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D。‎ ‎29．C【解析】由第二段第一句话可知，曾经黄石公园里有灰狼，下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意为“被迫离开”，故选C。‎ ‎30．A【解析】第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麇鹿的数量快速增长，消耗了大量的植被，减少了植物种类同时丛林狼的数量增多，园内很多的红狐被猎杀，而河狸也完全消失了，由此推断出灰狼的消失对公园内的生态环境产生了损害。故选A。‎ ‎31．B【解析】根据第五段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。‎ ‎[九]‎ Old Problem， New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life， global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak． So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today， we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change． Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation．‎ When it comes to adaptation， it is important to understand that climate change is a process． We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard， but to a constantly shifting set of conditions． This is why， in part at least， the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation．” Nevertheless， there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost．‎ Around the world， people are adapting in surprising ways， especially in some poor countries． Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades． Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster． His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve ‎ as floating libraries， schools， and health clinics， and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities． Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连体） to replace flooded roads and highways． But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season．‎ Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken． Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India，where he is known as the Ice Man．The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture．Without the glaciers，water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops．Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter，when it was not needed．He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze，and was stored until the spring．His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water．Having created nine such ice reserves，Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water．Climate change is a continuing process，so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever．Warming will overtake them．But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will，perhaps，be able to find other means of adapting．‎ Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet．In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally， and actually cooled the region．While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly，temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased． This example should act as an inspiration for all cities． By painting buildings white，cities may slow down the warming process．‎ In Peru，local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice． The outcome is still far from clear． But the World Bank ‎ has included the project on its of “100 ideas to save the planet”．‎ More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere．A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria．Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping．But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops．Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce， or by growing the same things differently．This is common sense．But some suggestions for adapting are not．When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt，it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual．‎ Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways．But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution．After all，if we adapt in that way，we may avoid the need to change in so many others．‎ ‎65．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ．‎ A．adaptation is an ever-changing process B．the cost of adaptation varies with time C．global warming affects adaptation forms D．adaptation to climate change is challenging ‎66．What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?‎ A．The project receives government support．‎ B．Different organizations work with each other．‎ C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation．‎ D．The project connects flooded roads and highways．‎ ‎67．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?‎ A．Storing ice for future use．‎ B．Protecting the glaciers from melting．‎ C．Changing the irrigation time．‎ D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers．‎ ‎68．What do we learn from the Peru example?‎ A．White paint is usually safe for buildings．‎ B．The global warming tread cannot be stopped．‎ C．This country is heating up too quickly．‎ D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming．‎ ‎69．According to the author，polluting industries should ．‎ A．adapt to carbon pollution B．plant highly profitable crops C．leave carbon emission alone D．fight against carbon pollution ‎70．What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?‎ A．Setting up a new standard． B．Reducing carbon emission．‎ C．Adapting to climate change． D．Monitoring polluting industries．‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎65．A【解析】根据上文中的“We are therefore．but to a constantly shifting set of conditions”可知，对于不断变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线部分暗示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化的过程。故A正确。‎ ‎66．C【解析】根据第三段首句可知，世界范围内尤其是一些贫穷地区的人们使用了令人意想不到的方法去适应环境的改变，化劣势为优势，再结合下文的内容可知，Rezwan就是这么做的，故答案为C。‎ ‎67．A【解析】由第四段中的“…He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring．．．”可知，他把水引入盆地，水在那里结冰并被存储到春天使用，故A正确。‎ ‎68．D【解析】根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望借此来保护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖，故D项正确。‎ ‎69．D【解析】根据第七段中的“When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to ‎ adapt”可知，污染行业辩称因为人们没有赢得治理碳污染的战役，只能适应，再结合下文的“it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual”可知，作者认为污染行业的这种说法是荒谬的，其目的是给自己的商业行为制造借口。由此可推知，对于污染行业来说，负责任的做法是同碳污染抗争，以减少碳排放，故D正确。‎ ‎70．B【解析】根据最后一段第二句“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution¨可知，作者认为最明智的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，故B正确。‎ ‎ [十]‎ California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds，with wind-length of up to 3 meters．In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out．Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds．‎ In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)．Since 1992，there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild，and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico．‎ Electrical lines have been killing them off． “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo． Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once．‎ So scientists have come up with a shocking idea．Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock． Before the training was introduced，66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution． This has now dropped to 18%．‎ Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with． When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities ‎ of lead． This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death． So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days． This work is starting to pay off． The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011． ‎ ‎ Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years． “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says． “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them． ”‎ ‎63．California condors attract researchers’ interest because they ．‎ A．are active at night B．had to be bred in the wild C．are found only in California D．almost died out in the 1980s ‎64．Researchers have found electrical lines are ．‎ A．blocking condors’ journey home ‎ B．big killers of California condors C．rest places for condors at night D．used to keep condors away ‎65．According to Paragraph 5，lead poisoning ．‎ A．makes condors too nervous to fly B．has little effect on condors’ kidneys C．can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood D．makes it different for condors to produce baby birds ‎66．The passage shows that ．‎ A．the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B．Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C．the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D．researchers have found the final answers to the problem 参考答案：‎ ‎63．D【解析】文章没有直接说美国加利福尼亚州秃鹫引起了研究人员的兴趣，但是结合第一段和下文的“So scientists have come up with a shocking idea”可推断，因为电线和铅中毒，20世纪80年代加利福尼亚州秃鹫濒临灭绝，因此它们引起了科研人员的兴趣。‎ ‎64．B【解析】从题干中的electrical lines可知，答案应定位在第三段。电线能使秃鹫丧命，因为秃鹫晚上休息的时候看不见电线，而如果它们宽大的翅膀同时搭在两根电线上，它们就会被电死，因此选B。‎ ‎65．D【解析】第五段讲述了铅中毒对秃鹫的危害：影响秃鹫的神经系统（A错），影响秃鹫繁衍后代的能力（D正确），导致秃鹫肾衰竭（B错）。科研人员给秃鹫使用一种化学药物，帮助它们排出了体内的铅（C错）。因此选D。‎ ‎66．C【解析】本文介绍了美国加州秃鹫濒临灭绝的原因以及科研人员为挽救秃鹫而开展的研究工作。另外，文章的标题也直接表明了本文的主题：保护秃鹫的工作正让秃鹫以令人惊讶的速度恢复生机。因此选C。‎