2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module1DeepSouth学案 17页

Module 1 Deep South学案 基础自主回顾 Ⅰ.课标单词 ‎1．__________(adj.)每年的 ‎2．__________(adj.)极端的，极度的 ‎3．__________(v.)储存，留存；使陷入困境 ‎4．__________(v.)使平衡 ‎5．__________(adj.)令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的 ‎6．__________(n.)最少量；最小数 ‎7．__________(n.)荣幸 annual extreme trap balance depressing minimum privilege 8．__________(v.)对待……如朋友 ‎9．__________(n.)深度→__________(adj.)深的→__________(v.)加深；使变深 ‎10．__________(v.)促进，增进→__________(n.)促进；促销 ‎11．__________(adj.)不正常的，反常的→__________(adj.反义词)正常的 ‎12．__________(n.)缺乏；没有→__________(adj.)缺席的 ‎13．__________(v.)阻止；打消……的念头→__________(v.)鼓励→__________(n.)勇气；信心 befriend depth deepen deep promote promotion abnormal normal absence absent discourage encourage courage 14．__________(n.)紧急情况；突发事情→__________(adj.)出现的；新兴的→__________(v.)出现；显现出来 ‎15．__________(n.)可靠性→__________(adj.)可靠的→__________(v.)依赖；依靠 ‎16．__________(n.)鼓舞；启示；灵感→__________(v.)鼓舞 emergency emergent emerge reliability reliable rely inspiration inspire Ⅱ.常用短语 ‎1．____________平均 ‎2．____________使适应 ‎3．____________以……形式 ‎4．____________陷入 ‎5．____________引入注目，突出 ‎6．____________进入，到达 ‎7．____________特别地 on average adapt to in the form of be trapped in stand out set foot on in particular 8．____________进入视野 ‎9．____________想出；提供 ‎10．_______________信守诺言 ‎11．_____________________阻止某人做某事 ‎12．____________如果；假使 come into sight come up with keep one's promise discourage sb. from doing sth in case of Ⅲ.重点句型 ‎1．______________________________________，it is the fifth largest continent in the world.‎ 南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约1,400万平方公里的面积，是世界第五大洲。‎ 答案：Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole 2．________the late 18th century ______________the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.‎ 直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。‎ 答案：Not until；did the British explorer James Cook cross ‎3．__________________________South Georgia.‎ 沙克尔顿花了17天的时间到达了南佐治亚州。‎ 答案：It took Shackleton 17 days to reach Ⅳ.模块语法 ‎1. It worries her a lot ________ her son is more and more dependent on her.‎ A. when　　　　　　　B. that C. as D. because 答案：B 2. On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited his cousin. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 答案：A 3. The fire spread through the hotel but everyone ________ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 答案：D 4. Reading is to the mind ________ food is to the body. A. that B. what C. which D. while 答案：B 5. Reading a book every day and doing morning exercises every morning ________ good habits. A. is B. have C. are D. will 答案：C 考点探究解密 考 点 解 读 ‎ ‎1．promote vt.增进，促进；提升(常与to连用)‎ They often have a talk to each other to promote understanding.‎ 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①promotion n．提升；晋级 ‎②promote sb. from sth. to sth.把某人从某职位提升至某职位 ‎③be promoted to...被升为……‎ ‎④get/win promotion获得晋级 ‎⑤be on one's promotion有希望提升 注意：(1)advance指“向某一目标或方向前进的运动或效果”。 (2)promote作“提升”解时可与advance通用；它强调“促使某种事业向前发展以达到预期的结果，并侧重于对该人或事物(尤指公开性质)的赞助和鼓励”。‎ ‎(3)progress则指“稳定、经常的进步”，这种进步可能有间隔，常用于抽象事物。‎ ‎(4)proceed多指“继续前进”。‎ 朗文在线：‎ ‎①The government did many things to promote the people's life.‎ 政府采取多种措施来提高人民的生活水平。‎ ‎②Jacky was promoted to the president of the company last year.‎ 去年杰克被提升为公司总裁。 活学巧练：‎ His classmate has been________to the general manager，but he remains the same.‎ A．raised　　　　　　　　B．risen C．lifted D．promoted 答案与解析：D　句意：他同学已被提升为经理，而他依旧没变。raise vt.不与to连用，意为“使……上升”；rise vi.意思是“上升，上扬，升起”，无被动；lift vt.“提起，抬高”指把东西抬离地面；promote“提升，晋升”，be promoted to被晋升/提拔为……；由句意知选D项。 2．balance v．使(保持)平衡；权衡n.平衡；称 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①balance the advantages against the disadvantages权衡得失 ‎②keep(one's)balance保持平衡 ‎③lose(one's)balance失去平衡 ‎④a balanced diet均衡饮食 ‎⑤on balance总的说来 朗文在线：‎ ‎①I lost my balance and fell on my face.‎ 我失去平衡，脸着地摔倒了。‎ ‎②I think on balance I prefer the old system.‎ 总的说来，我觉得更喜欢旧体制。‎ ‎③Exports must go down to balance decreased imports.‎ 必须减少出口以便和下降的进口保持平衡。‎ 命题方向：balance作名词和动词的用法有可能在高考单项填空和完形填空中考查。 活学巧练：完成句子 ‎(1)The expenses________(相抵)the receipts. 答案：(1)balance ‎(2)We should protect the wild animals to________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (保持自然界生态平衡)．‎ 答案：(2)keep the natural environment's balance (3)Despite some difficulties, China has achieved a lot in the past year________.‎ A. off balance B. in the balance C. on balance D. on the balance 答案与解析：C　句意：尽管有一些困难，但总的来说中国在过去的一年中还是获得了很多。off balance不平衡；in the balance未定的，不确定的；on balance总的来说；on the balance搭配错误。 3．discourage vt.使丧失勇气，使气馁，使沮丧；试图阻止，阻拦，劝阻 Don't let one failure discourage you，and try again.‎ 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①discouraging adj.“令人气馁的”，表示主动的意思。‎ ‎②discouraged adj.“气馁的”，表示被动的意思。‎ ‎③discourage from劝阻 ‎④discourage sb. from doing sth.阻拦，劝阻某人不做某事 ‎⑤courage n. 勇气 ⑥encourage v．鼓励 ‎⑦encouragement n．鼓励 ‎⑧encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干……‎ ‎⑨be encouraged at...受……的鼓励 ‎⑩give sb. courage to do sth.给某人干……的勇气 朗文在线：‎ ‎①We ought to be focusing on discouraging kids from smoking.‎ 我们应把重点放在劝阻孩子们不要吸烟上。‎ ‎②The government will take measures to discourage the use of cars in cities.‎ 政府将采取限制在城市使用汽车的措施。‎ ‎③Students soon get discouraged if you criticize them too often.‎ 如果你批评学生次数太多的话，他们很快就会泄气的。 活学巧练：汉译英/选择 ‎(1)别因为一次失败就气馁，再试试。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：(1)Don't let one failure discourage you，try again.‎ ‎(2)父母劝他别玩电脑游戏了。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(2)His parents discouraged him from playing computer games. (3)Parents should discourage their children________.‎ A．from smoking　　　　　　B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoke 答案与解析：A　句意：父母应当劝孩子别吸烟了。discourage sb.from doing sth.劝阻某人干某事。 4．absence n．缺乏；没有；缺席 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①absence of mind心不在焉 in the absence of sb./in one's absence某人不在时 in the absence of sth.由于缺乏……‎ absence from school/lecture缺课 ‎②absent adj.缺席的；不在场的 be absent from...不参加…… ③presence n．出席；到场；存在 present adj.出席的，到场的；存在的；目前的 be present at出席，参加 朗文在线：‎ ‎①In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myles go.‎ 因为缺乏任何证据，警方只好把迈尔斯放了。‎ ‎②Ms. Leighton will be in charge during my absence.‎ 我不在时，由莱顿女士负责。‎ ‎③There are some students who are regularly absent from school.‎ 有一些经常缺课的学生。 误区警示：‎ 名词、形容词原是一家 ce结尾的名词 t结尾的形容词 absence absent abundance abundant importance important intelligence intelligent presence present patience patient significance significant silence silent ‎ 　　活学巧练：‎ ‎(1)外出多年后，我又回到了家乡。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)After an absence of many years, I returned home.‎ ‎(2)我很快就察觉到他缺课。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：(2)I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 5．trap v．把……困在，使陷于(尤指危险之地)；使落网；诱骗；储存；n.陷阱，困境，圈套 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①be trapped in 被困在……‎ trap sb. into(doing) sth.使某人上当，使中计 ‎②set/lay a trap布好陷阱 be caught in a trap of...陷入……的困境；中圈套 fall into the trap of doing sth.做(某事)不明智 朗文在线：‎ ‎①They were trapped in the burning house.‎ 他们被困在燃烧着的房子里了。‎ ‎②I was trapped into admitting that I had lied.‎ 我中了圈套，承认自己撒谎了。‎ ‎③The police set a trap for the thieves.‎ 警察设下了圈套捉小偷。 活学巧练： (1)Twenty miners ________(被困)underground.‎ 答案：(1)were trapped ‎(2)They ________(诱骗我签字)a confession. 　‎ 答案：(2)trapped me into signing ‎(3)________(放置捕鼠器)in the kitchen, please.‎ ‎　答案：(3)Set a trap for mice 6．set foot on进入，到达 精讲拓展： ①set about doing sth.开始、着手做某事 ②set out to do sth.着手做某事 ③set aside存储，留出，放在一边 ④set back使倒退；使受挫折；拨回(表针) ⑤set out/forth动身，出发 ⑥set off出发，动身；使爆炸 ⑦set up竖起；安装；建起 ⑧be set in...以……为背景 误区警示：表示“着手做某事”时，set about后跟(doing)sth.，而set out后跟to do结构。 朗文在线： ①She set about clearing up after the party. 聚会之后，她开始收拾东西打扫卫生。 ②The overseas are very glad to set foot on their homeland. 华侨们非常高兴踏上祖国的土地。 ③Who was setting off fireworks down the street? 谁在沿街放烟花？ 活学巧练：汉译英 (1)你认为谁是第一个到达澳大利亚的人？ ________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：(1)Who do you think was the first person to set foot on Australia? (2)外援使该国战后恢复稳定。 ________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：(2)Foreign aid set the country on its feet after the war. (3)该集团计划创办一家进口公司。 ________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：(3)The group plans to set up an import business. 7．in case of假使，以防 In case it should rain，don‘t expect me. 精讲拓展： ①as is often the case这是常有的事 ②in any case无论如何，总之 ③in no case决不 ④in that/this case如果那样/这样的话 ⑤in the case of...就……来说，关于 ⑥in case conj.假使，如果，万一 朗文在线： ①You’d better take your umbrella in case it rains. 你最好带把伞，以防下雨。 ②In any case，you must finish the task on time. 无论如何你得按时完成任务。 活学巧练： (1)__________(万一)fire，call 119.‎ 答案：(1)In case of ‎(2)Even __________(如此)，you should give up an explanation.‎ 答案：(2)in that case ‎(3)__________(决不)should you leave your post.‎ 答案：(3)In no case 8．There is no truth to any of these claims and actually they are not mentioned in Marco Polo‘s book. 这些说法都没有事实根据，实际上马可·波罗的书里也没有提及。 and是并列连词，连接了表顺承关系的两个分句。 there is no truth to sth. 某事是没有事实根据的 精讲拓展： ‎ ‎①There is no need to do sth.不需要，不必做 ②There is no difficulty/trouble/problem in...在……方面没困难 ③There is no difference between...……之间无区别 ④There is no room left for/to do...没有……的余地 ⑤There is no hurry about...无需慌张…… ⑥There is no doubt that...毫无疑问 ⑦There is no possibility that...没有可能…… ⑧There is a chance that...有可能…… ⑨There is no seeing/knowing...没看见/不知道…… 误区警示：注意：以上句型用there而不用it。 活学巧练： (1)________is no possibility that he can pass the exam. A. It B. that C. There B. Have 答案与解析：C　There is no possibility that...是固定句式，意思是“没有可能……”。故选C。 (2)Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It‘s no use ________ with him. A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued 答案与解析：B　“It’s no use doing sth.”是固定句式，意思是“干……是没有用的。”与此相近的还有：“It‘s no good doing sth.”意为“干……是没有好处的。” 9．复习主语 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或主语从句等担当。 1．名词作主语 Our class are very diligent. 我们全班都很勤奋。 The Greens are expecting us this evening. 格林一家今晚正等我们。 ‎ ‎2．代词作主语 (1)人称代词作主语 She needs time to get used to the new life. 她需要时间来适应新的生活。 (2)物主代词作主语 Ours is a developing，strong and beautiful country. 我们的国家是一个强大而美丽的发展中国家。 (3)指示代词作主语 This is my friend Charlie Brown. 这是我的朋友查理·布朗。 (4)不定代词作主语 None of them believed his story. 他们都不相信他的故事。 (5)疑问代词作主语 Which is more interesting，this book or that? 这两本书哪一本更有趣？ 3．数词作主语 Three times three makes nine. 三乘以三等于九。 4．名词化的形容词作主语 The aged are well taken care of in the village. 这个村里的老年人得到很好的照顾。 5．从句作主语 Whether he will come is doubtful. 他是否会来还不知道。 6．引语作主语 “How do you do？”is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。 7．不定式作主语 To plant these flowers took us two hours. 种这些花花费了我们两个小时的时间。 It cost me twenty yuan to buy the ‎ dictionary. 我花了二十元钱买这本字典。 8．动名词作主语 Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。(指游泳这项运动) 10．复习动词 英语中动词一共分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词，实义动词又分及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词可以单独作谓语，其他种类的动词都不能单独作谓语，连系动词须要和表语构成谓语，情态动词和助动词须要和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。 1．及物动词与不及物动词 (1)及物动词指的是能跟宾语的动词。如accept，borrow，put，worry，use，forget等。 Don‘t forget to wake me up at six tomorrow morning. 别忘了明天早晨六点叫醒我。 I returned the storybook to him. 我已把故事书还给他了。 (2)不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。在英语中大多数动词既可做及物动词，又可做不及物动词。纯不及物动词很少。常见的不及物动词有：apologize，appear，arrive，come，go，run，walk，die，fall等。 2．连系动词 连接主语和表语，表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词(linking verbs)。 (1)表状态的连系动词常见的有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，feel，sit，stand，lie，keep，stay等。 The park looks very beautiful. 这个公园看起来很漂亮。 (2)表转变或结果的连系动词常见的有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，fall，prove等。 After graduation，she turned nurse. 毕业后她当了护士。 3．情态动词 常用的情态动词有：can，could，may，might，must，shall，should，will，would，ought to，need，dare等。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。 I can easily tell my father‘‎ s step. 我能轻松地辨别出我父亲的脚步声。 I’m afraid you dare not/daren‘t do such a thing. 恐怕你不敢做这样的事。 4．助动词 英语中的助动词主要有be，do，have，will，would，shall，should等。它们的主要功能是帮助句中的谓语动词表示否定、疑问、时态、语态，或帮助构成强调结构和倒装句。 My little child is reading to her pet. 我的孩子正给宠物读书呢。(帮助构成现在进行时) The story is said to be very instructive. 据说这个故事很有教育意义。(帮助构成被动语态) I did phone you last night，but no one was in. 昨天晚上我的确给你打电话了，但没人在家。(did构成强调结构) He will be back tomorrow. 他将于明天回来。(构成一般将来时) 活学巧练： (1)What we used to think ________ impossible now does seem possible. A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 答案：B (2)__________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A．What B．Who C．Whatever D．Whoever 答案：A (3)Alice，__________ careful with your pronunciation. A．is B．do be C．does be D．do 答案：B (4)Why don't you put the meat in the fridge？It will ________ fresh for several ‎ days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 答案： B (5)—We haven't heard from Jane for a long time. —What do you suppose ________ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 答案：C (6)I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word. A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave 答案：B 考 题 演 练 ‎ ‎1. My parents have promised to come to see me before I ________ for Africa.‎ A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave 答案与解析：B　句意：我父亲答应在我动身去非洲前来看我。主句中have promised to come to see me表示“答应将要来看我”，时间状语从句中的动词应用一般现在时代替将来。 2．—Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem. A. when B. that C. whether D. what 答案与解析：B　Is there any possibility that...有……的可能吗？that在句中引导同位语从句，补充说明possibility的具体内容。that在从句中无实际含义，但不可省略。 3．Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be 答案与解析：B　句意：你或者你的一位学生要参加定于明天的会议。本题主语由either...or...连接，谓语动词要根据or之后的部分来确定单复数形式，该句中or后是one of your students，所以谓语动词用单数形式。 ‎ ‎4．Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 答案与解析：A　seat为及物动词，be seated表示坐着的状态。句意：女士们，先生们，请坐好直到飞机完全停下。句中remain为系动词，后接seated作表语。 5．—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________ invited. A. were B. have been C. has been D. was 答案与解析：D　主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。 6．Everybody thinks little of the film. In fact, there is no ________ of it being tried out in the film festival. A. sign B. use C. doubt D. possibility 答案与解析：D　句意：所有人对这部电影的评价都不高，事实上，它没有可能在电影节上参选。there is (no) possibility/chance of动名词的复合结构，意为“……(没有)可能”，There is no possibility/chance that从句也可表示同样意思。 7．It has been proved ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. A. if B. because C. when D. that 。‎ 答案与解析：D　eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life与该句句首的it表达同一概念，故it为形式主语，真正的主语就是________后eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life，所以本题空格处用that，that引导的是主语从句 ‎ ‎8．—How do you find your new classmates? —Most of them are kind, but ________ is so good to me as Bruce. A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one 答案与解析：A　but表示前后语意转折，根据语境应排除C、D两项；no one仅指人，表示泛指；none既指人又指物，用none时要有一定的范围，本题中暗含“none of them”的意思。 ‎