2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元学案 25页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: The science of the stars单元学案 ‎1. spread vt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸 The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。‎ Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。 ‎ 常用结构:‎ spread sth. with sth. 用……抹/涂/铺……‎ spread ...on ...把……抹/涂/铺在……‎ be spread for摆好（桌子）准备 spread oneself[口]舒展四肢(躺下)‎ spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长 高手过招 单项填空 Paper making began in China and to Europe.‎ ‎(2009·12·河南郑州检测)‎ A. Spread B. grew C. Carried D. developed 解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。‎ ‎2. method ‎ n. 方法 He has introduced a new method of teaching.‎ 他引进了一种新的教学方法。‎ What is the most effective method of birth control?‎ 控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？‎ 联想拓展 by this means=in this way=with this method 用这种方法 易混辨析 method/means method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。‎ a new teaching method一种新的教学方法 means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。‎ 高手过招 选词填空(method/means)（原创）‎ ‎①The quickest of travel is by plane.‎ ‎②She has a very scientific of dealing with political problems.‎ 答案：①means②method ‎3. harmful adj. 有害的 常用结构:‎ do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害 mean no harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意 harm one’s image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声 do more harm than good 弊大于利 There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth.‎ ‎=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处 be harmful to 对……有害 harm n.&v. 损害，伤害 Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 He is a nice dog. He won’t do you any .（原创）‎ A. ill B. bite C. hurt D. harm 解析:选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示 ‎“对某人有害”。句意为：这是一条温顺的狗，它不会伤害你。‎ 故选D。‎ ‎4. mass ‎ n. 质量；团；块；大量；(前加the) 群众 A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.‎ ‎1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。‎ She has a mass of things to do.‎ 她有一大堆的事情要做。‎ The masses have boundless creative power.‎ 人民群众有无限的创造力。‎ 常用结构:‎ be a mass of 遍体是……; 充满了……‎ in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地 ‎ in the mass 总体上;总的说来 ‎ the (great) mass of 大多数, 大部分 masses of sth.大量的东西 高手过招 单项填空 The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them. ‎ ‎ (2009·12·安徽合肥检测)‎ A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of 解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。masses of=lots of，后跟复数名词。‎ ‎5. pull ‎ v. 拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；牵(引)力 You push and Ill pull. ‎ 你来推，我来拉。 ‎ I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.‎ 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。‎ 常用结构:‎ pull ahead (of sb./sth.) 领先于（某人/物）‎ pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）‎ pull off (sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）‎ pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）‎ pull together 同心协力；通力合作 高手过招 用pull相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）‎ ‎①I arrived as the last train was .‎ ‎②He a gun and aimed at the criminal.‎ ‎③So long as we , there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer.‎ 答案：①pulling out②pulled out③pull together ‎6. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.‎ 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。‎ He was greatly cheered by the news.‎ 他听到这个消息非常高兴。‎ 常用结构:‎ cheer sb. on为某人加油 cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴；（使）振奋起来 联想拓展 cheerful adj.高兴的 ‎ cheerless adj.不高兴的；阴冷的高手过招 用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）‎ ‎①Your visit has greatly him up.‎ ‎②The crowd the runners as they started the last lap.‎ ‎③You look as though you need up.‎ 答案：①cheered②cheered; on③cheering ‎7. puzzle ‎ vt.&vi.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思 n.迷；难题 puzzled adj. 无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人费解的 Her reply puzzled me.‎ 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。‎ Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.‎ 他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。‎ 常用结构：‎ sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对……感到迷惑 puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑 puzzle one’s brain冥思苦想；绞尽脑汁 solve a puzzle解决一个难题 高手过招 用puzzle的适当形式填空 ‎①To explain the findings, he offers two theories.‎ ‎②I that I haven’t heard from Liz for so long.‎ ‎③She listened with a expression on her face.‎ ‎④No one has yet succeeded in explaining the of how life began.‎ 答案：①puzzling②am puzzled③puzzled④puzzle ‎8. exist ‎ vi. 存在，生存 existence n. 存在 Does life exist on Mars?‎ 火星上有生命吗？‎ I can hardly exist on the wage I’m getting.‎ 我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。‎ 常用结构：‎ exist+prep. 存在于某地方 exist on sth. 靠某物生存 高手过招 用exist相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎①This plant only Australia.‎ ‎②Can you such a low salary?‎ ‎③I doubt the of alien.‎ 答案：①exists; in②exist on③existence 重点短语 ‎9. in time意为“及时”时相当于early enough, soon enough;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于sooner or later。‎ We got to the station just in time to catch the bus.‎ ‎=We got to the station just in time for the bus.‎ 我们到达车站时，刚好赶上了那班汽车。‎ The doctor came in time to save her life. ‎ 医生及时赶来救了她的命。‎ Youll succeed in time if you keep on working hard.‎ 假若坚持努力下去，你迟早会成功的。‎ 联想拓展 be in time for sth./be in time to do sth. ‎ 对于某事是及时的/及时做某事 ahead of time提前；提早 all the time一直；始终 at one time曾经；一度 at a time一次 at times 有时 at the same time同时；然而；可是 from time to time不时；偶尔 in no time立刻；马上 take ones time不急，慢慢来 time and time again一次又一次；一再 高手过招 单项填空 ‎—I was disappointed in time when I didn’t pass the examinations.‎ ‎—Don’t be so discouraged. You’ll be successful in ‎ ‎ time. (2009·12·河南平顶山检测)‎ A./; / B. a; a C./; a D. a; /‎ 解析:选D。句意为：——我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。——别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是when 引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用in a time。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用in time。‎ ‎10. prevent ...from ‎ 阻止；制止 The heavy rain prevented us from going there.‎ 这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。‎ 易混辨析 prevent/stop/keep/protect prevent, stop, keep与protect四者的常见结构为：‎ prevent ...(from) doing sth.；stop ...(from) doing sth.；keep ...from doing sth.; 均表示“阻止……做某事”。‎ 上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop 与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略; 而keep ...from ...中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，‎ protect ...from ...表示“保护……不受……侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。‎ This plan will be kept from being carried out.‎ 这个计划将被阻止实施。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 Some policemen should be sent to them the trees. ‎ ‎（原创）‎ A. prevent; to cut down B. stop; cutting down C. keep; to cut down D. keep; cutting down 解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop ... from doing sth.阻止……做某事,其中keep ...from doing sth. 中的from不可省略。故选B。‎ ‎11. break out ‎ 突发；爆发（无被动语态）‎ Trouble may break out at any moment.‎ 灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。‎ When did the war break out? 战争什么时候爆发的？‎ It was at midnight that a fire broke out.‎ 在午夜时分发生了一起大火。‎ 联想拓展 break away from 脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等）‎ break down 出故障；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉 break in 破门而入，闯入；打断（话语）等 break into 破门而入；突然……起来 break off 折断；突然中止；断绝；结束 break through 突破 break up 敲碎；放假；散会 易混辨析 come about/happen/take place/break out/occur come about 发生，相当于happen, take place。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。‎ happen 强调偶然发生。‎ take place 指按计划、安排发生；举行 break out 多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。‎ occur 常用于句式： sth. occurs to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。‎ 高手过招 用break相关短语的适当形式填空 （原创）‎ ‎①A terrible tsunami in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004.‎ ‎②When do you for Christmas?‎ ‎③Negotiations between the two sides have .‎ ‎④His house was last week.‎ 答案：①broke out②break up③broken down④broken into ‎12. block out ‎ 挡住（光线）‎ That wall blocks out all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。‎ 联想拓展 burst out 大声喊叫;突然……起来 go out 外出；过时；熄(灯)‎ put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产 come out 出现，显露；出版;结果是 help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)‎ look out留神；注意 watch out 注意；提防；向外看 find out 找出，查明，发现 pick out挑出;辨认出，分辨出 ‎ speak out 大声地说;大胆地说 think out仔细思考(某事)；想出（主意等） ‎ hang out 挂出;闲逛 knock out (拳)击中，击倒，打昏 sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销 turn out 结果证明是 run out (of) 用完，耗尽 check out 结账离去，办妥手续离去 give out 分发（试卷等）；发出（光、热等）；用尽；耗完；筋疲力尽 高手过招 用out相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）‎ ‎①At the end of the race his legs and he collapsed on the ground.‎ ‎②It’ s easy to him in a crowd because he is very tall. ‎ ‎③His new book will next month.‎ ‎④We thought it was going to rain; it to be a fine day.‎ ‎⑤We of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.‎ 答案：①gave out②pick; out③come out ④turned out⑤checked out ‎13. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. ‎ 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。‎ What it was to become ...是what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作become 的宾语。‎ What surprised everybody was that he didn’t come to the meeting. ‎ 使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。‎ What he did added to our difficulty. ‎ 他所做的增加了我们的困难。 ‎ ‎“be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。‎ When are they to hand in their plan? ‎ 他们的计划什么时候交上来？‎ You are to do your homework before you watch TV.‎ 你得做完了作业才能看电视。‎ 联想拓展 ‎“be+to”还可以表示以下含义：‎ 表示可能性，相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于must, have to，表示假设。表示“命运注定……”，通常用于过去时。‎ How am I to know what has become of him?‎ 我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？‎ Certain skills must be learned if one is to use English well.‎ 如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须学的。‎ He was never to see his wife again.‎ 他注定再也见不到他妻子了。‎ Were we to offer you more money, would you stay?‎ 如果我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？‎ 高手过招 单项填空 In dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they . （原创）‎ A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive 解析:选B。考查真实条件句。are to survive在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。‎ ‎14. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ twice as ...as ... 是……的两倍 联想拓展 英语中的倍数表达法：‎ 倍数+as +adj./adv.+as 是……的几倍 倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+ than 比……(多/大)几倍 倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of是……长度/高度/宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width, depth等。‎ This ruler is three times as long as that one.‎ ‎=This ruler is twice longer than that one. ‎ ‎=This ruler is three times the length of that one.‎ 这把尺子是那把的三倍长。‎ There are four times as many students as we expected. ‎ 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)翻译句子 （原创）‎ 这个房子是那个的三倍大。‎ ‎(2)完成句子 到的客人是我们预计的两倍。‎ There are we expected .‎ 答案：(1)This house is three times as big as that one./This house is twice bigger than that one./This house is three times the size of that one.‎ ‎(2)twice as many guests as ‎ 单元基础知识演练 一．知识回顾 I.重点词汇及短语 ‎1.太阳系_____________________ 2.及时；终于___________________ ‎ ‎3.下蛋 ______________________ 4.产生；分娩____________________‎ ‎5.轮到某人；接着_______________ 6.阻止；制止 ___________________ ‎ ‎7..挡住（光线）___________________ 8.感到高兴；感到振奋 _____________ ‎ ‎9.既然 _______________________ 10.突发；爆发 __________________ ‎ ‎11.密切注视；当心；提防 ____________ 12.开始存在；产生________________ ‎ ‎13.当着某人的面_____________________ 14.对……有害_____________________‎ II.词汇运用 ‎1. presence ‎①He apologized to her _________________ the whole family.‎ ‎ （当着家人的面）‎ ‎②All the people ___________ at the party were his supporters.‎ A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important ‎③The Grammy Awards _____________every year in the music industry in the United States.(授予; 给予)‎ ‎④Please allow me to _______Mr. Brown _______you.(介绍，引见)‎ ‎⑤出席________________ 提出自己的观点_____________________‎ ‎2. harmful ‎①Don’t read in the sun, for it’s _______________________________(对你的眼睛有害)‎ ‎②对某人有害___________________________________________‎ ‎3. exist ‎①.做这种手术的技术早已存在 ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②. When did the world ______ ______ ______________？(开始形成)‎ ‎4. in time ‎ ‎①If you catch the early bus, you will get there_______________(及时)‎ ‎②Keep on working, and you will succeed __________________(终究)‎ ‎5. prevent …from ; stop /keep…from ‎①Something must be done to ________the environment___________________(防止污染).‎ ‎②She ___________ her eyes_______(保护)the sun with her hands.‎ ‎③You should prevent your son _______ too many computer games A to play B playing C play D from play ‎6.cheer up ‎ ‎①____________a bit, things aren’t that bad.‎ ‎②The crowd ________the runners _________(为……加油鼓励)when they started the last lap.‎ ‎7.break out ‎①介、副词填空 ‎(1)She started to speak, then broke ______ while a waitress served us with coffee.‎ ‎(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke ______.‎ ‎(3)Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.‎ ‎(4)Should another world war break ______， what would become of human beings?‎ ‎(5)Firemen had to break the door ______ to reach the people trapped inside.‎ ‎(6)The meeting broke ______ at eleven o'clock.‎ ‎②----Do you know when the Anti-Japanese War________?‎ ‎-----Of course. As a Chinese, I’ll never forget that day: July7,1937.‎ A broke out B broke up C broke in D broke off ‎③If Mike carries on working like this, he’ll ______sooner or later.‎ A put down B get down C break down D go down ‎⒏ now that ‎ ‎①既然你恢复健康了，你可以继续你的工作了。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②____________you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it A. now that B. after C Although D As soon as ‎ ‎⒐ in one’s turn ‎①We protect the environment and __________it benefits us a lot.(转而; 反过来)‎ ‎②We drove the cars ________________(轮流)‎ ‎③We took turns ______________the car (轮流)‎ ‎10.too … to…… ‎ ‎①One is never too old to learn.(英译汉)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②I am too eager to go home. (英译汉)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⒒ set out ‎ ‎①They set out on a sightseeing tour. (英译汉) ________________________________________‎ ‎②They set out to examine the ship. (英译汉) _________________________________________‎ ‎12. watch out ‎①______ ______(当心)！ There is a car coming!‎ ‎②______ ______ ______(当心 )cars while crossing the road.‎ ‎③______ ______ not to catch a cold.＝______ ______ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。‎ III. 巩固练习 ‎1). 单词拼写 1. The computer s_________ has broken down.‎ 2. We should try our best to apply _______（理论）to practice.‎ 3. The _____________（气氛）of the meeting is very friendly.‎ 4. She is u_______ her mother; she is tall and her mother is very short.‎ 5. Wide differences of character e______ even in children of the same family.‎ ‎2). 单句改错 1. An ugly building blocked up the view from the window.__________________________‎ 2. You have to watch out the heavy traffic while crossing the ‎ road._______________________‎ 1. People often wear sunglasses to prevent their eyes from strong light.____________________‎ 2. Your presence at the meeting made this possible to have a further discussion.______________‎ 3. That worried us much that so many students failed in the exam._____________________‎ ‎3). 句型转换 1. These small plants filled the seas with oxygen encouraging the later development of early shellfish.‎ These small plants filled the seas with oxygen, _________ __________ the later development of early shellfish.‎ 2. We are so far from the earth that we can’t feel the pull from the earth.‎ ‎ We are _______far from the earth ___ ___________ the pull from the earth.‎ 3 The well-known scientist came up with a theory that was widely accepted.‎ The well-known scientist came up with a _____ __________ theory.‎ ‎4. Since I am free now, I can enjoy music for a while.‎ ‎______ _______ I am free now, I can enjoy music for a while.‎ ‎5. He studied hard. As a result, he got high marks.‎ He studied hard, ________ he got high marks.‎ IV.英译汉 ‎1. It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth’s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and moon larger.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5. We watched amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ V. 完形填空 Dear Ann,‎ ‎ I don’t get along well with my mother. It feels like every time my mother and I start to have a(n) 1 , it turns into an argument. We talk about something as 2 as dinner plans or travel plans. And 3 , my mother will make a remark pushing the chat into World War III. She’ll talk about my lack of a(n) 4 future because I don’t plant to be a doctor. And much to her 5 , I don’t want to do any job related to the science field either. In fact, when I was pushed to say that I 6 to major in English and communications, she nearly had a heart attack.‎ ‎ “Why can’t you be like my co-worker’s son?” She’ll 7 all the time. Her co-worker’s son 8 a four-year scholarship in college. Now he is 9 70,000 dollars a year as an engineer. I don’t know what to 10 except that I simply can’t be like Mr Perfect as I’ve called the unnamed co-worker’s son. I can’t be like him. I’m the type of person who loves to 11 in the community, write until the sun goes down, and 12 , wants to achieve a career because I love it . I don’t want to do a job just for fame or 13 .‎ I understand why my mother is 14 my future majors. I’ve seen my mother 15 to raise me on her little salary（工资）and long hours. She 16 the house around 6:30 am and usually comes home around 5 or even 6 pm. 17 , I want her to know that by becoming a doctor, it doesn’t mean I’ll 18 be successful. I’d rather follow my 19 and create my own future.‎ Dear Ann, could you give me some 20 ? I do want to solve this problem.‎ Sincerely ‎ ‎ Tony ‎1．A．suggestion B．agreement C．conversation D．discussion ‎2．A．simple B．unnecessary C．basic D．important ‎ ‎3．A．scarcely B．fortunately C．directly D．suddenly ‎4．A．immediate B．bright C．clear D．different ‎ ‎5．A．disappointment B．surprise C．amusement D．regret ‎ ‎6．A．pretended B．continued C．refused D．planned ‎7．A．guess B．whisper C．complain D．state ‎8．A．started B．received C．examined D．developed ‎9．A．finding B．giving C．expecting D．earning ‎10．A．answer B．compare C．change D．want ‎11．A．take off B．cheer up C．help out D．show off ‎12．A．on all sides B．most of all C．in the end D．on the contrary ‎13．A．pleasure B．award C．power D．money ‎14．A．fond of B．interested in C．worried about D．angry at ‎ ‎15．A．decide B．struggle C．work D．hope ‎16．A．observes B．checks C．cleans D．leaves ‎17．A．Usually B．Also C．However D．Therefore ‎ ‎18．A．surely B．luckily C．specially D．unexpectedly ‎19．A．voices B．dreams C．steps D．words ‎20．A．advice B．abilities C．examples D．time VI阅读理解 We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech. ‎ ‎ So, you have to give a speech - and you’re terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it’‎ s over. I’m just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again. ”‎ ‎ Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Look at them directly into their eyes. Don’t talk over their heads (keep in mind that the concepts of relativism(相对论) are rarely understood), and don’t talk down to them (“who invented the telephone” is not a friendly question). Speak loud enough in order that everyone hears you clearly unless there is a microphone. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness. ‎ ‎ Just remember: be prepared. Know your subject, your audience and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to -person contact with your audience. ‎ ‎ If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens. ‎ ‎1. The main idea of this article is _________. ‎ ‎ A. you can improve your speaking ability B. a poor speaker can never change ‎ ‎ C. always make a short speech D. it is hard to make a speech ‎ ‎2. Paragraph 2 implies that ________. ‎ ‎ A. many people are afraid of giving a speech B. many people are happy to give a speech ‎ ‎ C. many people do not prepare for a speech D. many people talk too long ‎ ‎3. The phrase “talk over their heads” means ________. ‎ ‎ A. speak too loudly B. look at the ceiling ‎ ‎ C. look down upon them D. use words and ideas that are too difficult ‎ ‎4. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ___________. ‎ A. few people know how to make good speeches B. a lecturer does not need to organize his speech ‎ C. research is important in preparing a speech ‎ D. there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability ‎ ‎5. The title for this passage may be _______. ‎ A. Do Not Make a Long Speech B. Try to Enjoy a Speech C. How to Prepare for a Speech D. How to Give a Good Speech 答案：‎ I.1.solar system ； 2. in time 3.lay eggs; 4.give birth to; 5.in one’s turn,; 6.prevent….. from;7. block out 8.cheer up； 9.now that； 10.break out； 11. watch out； 12.come into existence； 13.in one’s presence； 14. be harmful to/do harm to ‎ II.1. 1.in the presence of 2.A 3.are presented 4. present to 5. at present; present one’s view ‎2. 1.harmful to your eyes 2. do harm to ‎ ‎3. 1.The technology for performing these operations already exists.2.come into existence ‎4. 1.in time 2. in time ‎5. 1.prevent from being polluted 2. protected from 3.B ‎6. 1.cheer up 2. cheer up ‎7. 1. (1)off (2) up (3) down (4) out (5) down (6) up 2. A 3. C ‎ ‎8. 1.Now that you are well again, you can go on with your work. 2.A ‎9. 1. in turn 2. by turns 3. to drive /at driving ‎ ‎10.1.活到老，学到老。2.我很想回家。‎ ‎11. 1.他们动身出去观光旅行 2.他们着手检查那条船。‎ ‎12. 1. Watch out 2.Watch out for 3.Be careful ; Take care III.1). 1. system； theory； atmosphere ； unlike ； exist ‎ ‎ 2). 1.up改为 out 2.out 后加for 3.prevent 改为protect 4.this改为 it ‎ ‎5.That 改为 it ‎3). 1.which encouraged 2.too; to 3.widely-accepted 4.Now that 5.thus IV.1. 它使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里 ‎2.‎ ‎ 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去 ‎3. 在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。‎ ‎4.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后的）地球越来越小，而（前方的）月球越来越大。‎ ‎5.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ V. 1—5: CADBA 6—10: DCBDA 11—15: CBDCB 16—20: DCABA VI. 1—5 AADBD