备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点21 定语从句 （学生版） 11页

考点 21 定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 命题趋势： 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导 词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到 定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从 句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有 that，which，who，whom，whose。 【图示】 考向一: 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格 whom， 所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之 间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 考向二: 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从 句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开， 起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 考向三: 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 【典例】—I heard that Shao Yifu passed away. —Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals. A. who B. whom C. which D. / 【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。 He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。 2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用 that 而不能用 which： （1）先行词为 all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one 等代词时。 That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。 【典例】Someone _______________ you know might really need the money. A. which B. what C. that D. who （2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.。 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。 Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。 （3）以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that。 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ （4）先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。 This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 （5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that，而不用 which。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下 了深刻的印象。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的 人和一些照片。 （6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。 （7）主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which。 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 3. 关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况： （1）先行词为 that， those 时，用 which，而不用 that。 What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ （2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that。 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 （3）引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用 that。 Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 一、 二、 三、 定语从句 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 关系代词 关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； which 表物人用 who，人物都有 that 顾； which 用在逗号后，意表前句你要 know； who 作主语很称职，whom 用到宾语里。 that 用法 that 用法真有趣，两个地方它不去； 逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。 四、 五、 六、 七、 八、 that 和 which 的区别 that which 代表物，区别听我来叙述； 先行若是不定代，that 就把 which 踹； 先行词前有两数，就用 that 定无误； 先行词前最高级，还用 that 必无疑； 句中若有 there be，that 应把 which 替； 先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里； just， the only，very，same，last 其后也要用 that。 指人的关系代词 指人可用 that, who，以下情况多用 who； those people 作先行，there be 的结构中； 先行指人不定代，从中作主 who 要在； 两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。 whose 的用法 定从之中少定语，whose 为你唱一曲； whose 指人又指物，所属关系要记住。 as 和 which 的区别 as/which 在句末，若有否定 as 错； 句首只能用 as，还有认知猜想词； 固定结构用 as, the same/such/so/as； so/suchthat 宾不离，so/suchas 宾要弃。 关系代词用法总结 关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起； 关系代词作宾语，省与不省全靠你。 九、 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 命题趋势： 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导 词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到 定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从 句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系副词有 when，where，why 等 关系副词的基本用法 1. when 在句中作状语，表示时间。 He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。 This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。 2. where 在句中作状语，表示地点。 This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。 This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。 特殊情况 只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你； 先行用 way 作状语，in which/ that /略可以； one of +复作先行，从中谓语复数明； one 前若有 only/very，从中谓语定用单； 定从名从可转换，all that 被 what 换。 3. why 在句中作状语，表示原因。 This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 【典例】—Where is the School English Speech Conte st going to be held tonight? —I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ___________ can hold 300 people? A. where B. what C. that D. when 【易错提醒】 1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导。如： ☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷在 40 年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用 which/that，而不用 where） 2. 当 position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere 等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句 中缺少状语，则用 where 来引导。如： ☛It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。 3. 关系副词 why 指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是 reason。☛Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？ 【典例】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【易错提醒】 当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用 when 引导定语从句，也可以用 that 或 which 引导定语从句，关键要 看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用 when 引导；若关系词在从句中充当主 语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导。如： ☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when 在从句中作状语） ☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that 或 which 作 spent 的宾语） 【速记口诀】 三、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它 只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句 与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。 Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。 2、引导非限制性定语从句的 which 可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。 That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事 还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。 3、除 which 外，还可用 when， where， who，whom 等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。 After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。 【注意】that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 4、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能 省，同时关系代词 whom 不能用 who 替换。 关系副词 关系副词 when/where/why，从中作状莫懈怠； 时间用 when 原因 why，地点 where 经常在； 关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代； 关系代，关系代，that 与 who 要除外； 挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行； 聪明反被聪明误，只因乱用关系副； 关系副，关系副，定缺主宾它不住； 它不住，它不住，关系代词来玩酷。 as 和 which 的区别 as/which 在句末，若有否定 as 错； 句首只能用 as，还有认知猜想词； 固定结构用 as, the same/such/so/as； so/suchthat 宾不离，so/suchas 宾要弃。 1. You Raise Me Up is a song ________ brings me much courage in the face of challenges. A. who B. when C. which D. where 2. —Do you know the boy over there? —The one is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil. A. what B. which C. who D. 不填 3. Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students. A. which B. who C. where 4. Du Fuguo is a hero is known to millions of Chinese people. A. who B. which C. what 5. The book __________ I read last night was fantastic. A. that B. what C. whose D. who 6. She was so angry at __________ he was doing __________ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that 1.【2020 •黑龙江哈尔滨市中考】—What are they talking about? —They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A. which B. who C. that 2. 【2020 •山东滨州市中考】—Do you know Li Ziqi? —Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life. A. whose B. where C. which D. who 3. 【2020 •四川省成都市中考】The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's. A. which B. whose C. that 4. 【2020 •甘孜州中考】The nurse _____________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister. A. which B. who C. what 5. 【2020 •贵州省安顺市中考】In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope. A. whom B. which C. who 6. 【2020 •贵州黔东南州中考】Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people. A. who B. which C. what D. when 7.【2020 •青海省】We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country. A. who B. which C. whom 8.【2020 •福建省】Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．which B．whom C．who 9.【2020 •黑龙江绥化】We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed. A. who B. that C. whom 10.【2020 •吉林省】This is the CD_____________ I bought last year. A. who B. that C. whom 11.【2020 •盐城市】What our society is like is decided by everyone chooses to behave. A. where B. when C. how D. why 12.【2020•湖北省恩施州】Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person. A．She B．which C．who 13.【2020•湖北省十堰市】—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping. —I think so. A．who B．what C．which D．whose 14.【2020•鄂州市】I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me. A. who B. which C. what D. how 15.【2020•黄冈市】—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech? —Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 16.【2020•怀化市】—Do you like the song Shao Nian? —Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with. A. that B. who C. what 17.【2020 •广西北部湾经济区】Our teacher told us a funny story ________ made us laugh. A. when B. which C. who D. whom 18.【2020 •黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】The house in ________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. A. which B. where C. that 1. 【2020 •安徽省芜湖市三模】I shall never forget those days _______ I lived on the farm with the local farmers. A. that B. when C. which D. where 2. 【2020 •安徽省芜湖市中考二模】There are many works of art in the museum ________we will visit tomorrow. A. which B. who C. where D. what 3. 【2020 •福建省泉州市二模】—The TV show Say Hello to Life is popular recently. —Yes. It's the only program ________ I watched this month. A. that B. who C. what 4. 【2020 •黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区一模】The attitude you put on life is the attitude you point to yourself. Remember: Attitude does make a difference in everything ________ you do. A. which B. what C. that 5. 【2020 •黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区二模】In 2003, Macao gambling tycoon(赌王) Ho Hung-sun ________ died at the age of 98 this year, gave away the pig-head statue (雕像) of the Old Summer Palace to the mainland. A. whom B. / C. that 6. 【2020 •黑龙江省牡丹江市市区中考一模】—What are the girls doing over there? —They are talking about the boy ________short videos are very popular on Douyin. A. whose B. who C. that 7. 【2020 •湖南省长沙市青竹湖湘三模】He doesn’t like people in the company ________ talk much but do little. A. whose B. which C. who 8. 【2020 •山东省菏泽市曹县二模】I'm looking for a place________ I can live. A. which B. that with it C. where 9. 【2020 •福建省龙岩市二模】Journey to the West is a book influences teenagers a lot. A. which B. who C. what 10. 【2020 •甘肃省张掖市一模】People ______ overweight need more water than thin people. A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are 11. 【2020 •江苏省扬州市江都区中考一模】President Xi warned that officers ________ failed to honestly report would be punished. A. which B. what C. who D. /