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  • 2021-10-12 发布

2020中考英语语法专项复习:情态动词

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情态动词 情态动词不能单独作谓语,它必须和动词 原形连用一起构成谓语。 一、情态动词的情态意义表示法 考点一: can 可表示现在或将来的能力, 意为“能;会”。 can 还可表示请求、允 许,意为“可以”。 如: Gabriella can speak French fluently. Can you help me lift this box? 考点二: could 可表示过去的能力;当 could 表示允许时,语气比 can 更加委婉 和客气。 如: Could I have a drink of water, please? 考点三: may 表示请求、允许,意为“可 以”。 如: May I come in and wait? Thank you. You may go now. 考点四: might 表示允许时,语气比 may 更 加委婉和客气。 如: Might I borrow your pen? 考点五: must 表示义务、命令或必要,意 为“必须”,强调主观看法。 mustn’t 表示“不允许;禁止”之意。 如: All passengers must wear seat belts. You mustn’t talk to your mother like that. 考点六: have to 意为“不得不”,强调观 需要。 如: It is getting late. I have to go. 考点七: should 意为“应该”,既可以表示义 务或责任,还可以表示劝告或建议。其否定 式为 shouldn’t ,意为“不应该”。 如: You should read his new book. It’s really interesting. Children shouldn’t be allowed to play in the street. 考点八: had better do sth. 意为“最好做某 事”,其否定式在 better 后加 not 。 如: You’d better (not) see the film yourself. 考点九: need 表示“需要”,作情态动词时, 通常用于否定句或疑问句中。 【 中考链接 】 1. Jenny finally got the job because she ______ speak English well. A. might B. must C. could 2. —How do you usually go to school? —My school is far away. I ______ take the bus to school. A. must B. might C. have to 3. It's surprising that Mr. Ma's little daughter ______ speak English so well. A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't 4. As middle school students, we ______ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true. A. must B. shouldn't C. need 5. Cars, buses, bikes and people ______ stop when the traffic lights are red. A. can B. may C. must 二、情态动词表示推测 考点一: can 表示推测时常用于否定句 中,此时 can’t 意为“不可能”。 如: That can’t be his mother. She’s not that old. 考点二: could 常用于肯定句中,表示不 确定的推测,意为“可能”。 如: You could be right, but I don’t think you are. 考点三: may 表示推测,意为“可能;也许”。 如: I may be late, so don’t wait for me. 考点四: might 表示推测时,比 may 的可能性 更小。  如: She might not want to come with us, I guess. 考点五: must 表示推测时常用于肯定句中, 表示很有把握的推测,意为“一定”。 如: The machine doesn’t work. There must be something wrong with it. 1. —Look! It ______ be David in the classroom. —It ______ be him. Because I saw him in the library a moment ago. A. may; mustn't B. must; can't C. can; can't D. mustn't; can 【 中考链接 】 2. Harry's been driving all day — he ______ be tired. A. need B. can C. shall D. must 3. —Look! The man at the gate ______ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. —No, it ______ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now. A. must; can't B. must; mustn't C. can't; can't D. can't; mustn't 4. —I have been to the moon twice. —You ______ be joking! It's impossible! A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. —Do you have any plans for this Sunday? —I'm not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may D. need 三、情态动词一般疑问句的回答 考点一: may 表示请求时,用于主语为 第一人称的一般疑问句中,其否定回答 不用 may not ,而用 mustn’t 或 can’t 。 如: —May I use your glasses for a few minutes? —No, you mustn’t / can’t. 考点二: 在回答由 must 引起的一般疑问句时 , 肯 定回答常用 must, 否定回答常用 needn’t 或 don’t have to ,表示“不必”。 如: —Must we finish this project today? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 考点三:在回答由 need 引起的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用 must ,否定回答用 needn’t 。 如: —Need I bring you a coat? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 考点四:在回答由 could( 表示委婉语气 ) 引起的一般疑问句时,常用 can / can’t 回答。 1. —Must I finish all the homework this evening? —No, you ______. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it. A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't 【 中考链接 】 2. A: Mum, may I go out to play football for an hour? B: No, you ______. The air outside is not very clean. A. can't B. needn't C. couldn't 3. —Must I hand in the exercise book today, Miss Green ? —No, you ______. Take your time. Just tomorrow. A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. can't 4. —Must I sing the song in Russian? —No, you ______. It's up to you. A. mustn't B. can't C. don't D. needn't 5. —Can you come to my party on Wednesday? —Sorry, I ______. I have a piano lesson. A. can't B. couldn't C. mustn't