中考英语语法专项复习非谓语动词课件 37页

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分 词三种，其中分词包括现在分词和过去分 词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语， 不受主语的人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词既有动词性质（比如可以有自 己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质 （比如动名词相当于名词；分词相当于形 容词和副词；不定式相当于名词、形容词 和副词等）。 构成 句子成分 不定式 to + 动词 原形 除谓语外 的任何成 分 有将要之间 动名词 doing 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 表一般情况 分 词 现在 分词 doing 表语 宾补 定语 状语 主动、进行 过去 分词 done 表语 宾补 定语 状语 被动、完成 动词不定式 动词不定式可以在句中作宾语、宾语补足语 和目的状语等。 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时 to可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变 化，其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。 e.g. To learn English well is difficult. 动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡， 常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主 语——动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为： It’s difficult to learn English well. 考点一：作主语。 形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为： It’s + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth.或 It’s +n. +(for sb.) to do sth.。 e.g. It’s very nice of you to offer me a seat. It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. It was great fun to have a picnic there. 考点二：作宾语。 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree, afford, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, offer, prepare, plan, promise, refuse, want等。 注意：在find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾 语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾 语——动词不定式后置。 e.g. I find it hard to get along with him. 1. They decided _____ a bridge over the river. A. build B. to build C. building 2. I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered ____ me to watch an opera. A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking B C 3. She said she hoped ______her daughter. A. to see B. you to see C. seeing 4. I can’t tell you what she said. I’ve promised _____ it a secret. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept A B 考点三：作宾语补足语。 1. 一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语， 这类动词有allow, call, want, tell, advise, ask, warn, encourage, invite, order, teach 等。 提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to 的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不 定式。 e.g. Can you help the girl (to) move the chair? 2. 使役动词(如make, let等)及感官动词(如 see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)后跟动词 不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to。 注意在变为被动语态时要加上to。 e.g. I saw a young man enter the room. She was often heard to sing this song. 1. Our teacher often advises us _____ the habit of making notes while readin A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 2. You should ask Bob ___ his own clothes. He is ten years old now. A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash A D 3. We advise parents ______ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not to leave B. not leave C. not leaving A 考点四：作定语。 动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些 句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。 e.g. I haven’t had the chance to think yet. （作名词的定语） 提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾 关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加 上相应的介词。 e.g. Tina has no paper to write on. Joining a summer camp is a great chance ____ free time with your friends. A. spend B. spending C. to spend C 考点四： 作状语。 动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结 果等。 e.g. They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. (表示原因) To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. (表示目的) The boy is old enough to take care of himself. (表示结果) 说明： 1. had better， would rather， Why not ...?， Will / Would you please ...?后面接不带to 的动词不定式。 e.g. To catch the early bus, you’d better get up early tomorrow morning. 2. 动词不定式可以和疑问词 what， which， how，where， when等 连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构。 e.g. Can you tell me where to buy a map? 1. — I’ll have a ten-day holiday. But I don’t know ______. — How about Paris? A. what to do B. where to go C. when to go B 2. The Chinese team are working hard ____ honors in the 2016 Olympic Games. A. to win B. win C. winning 3. It’s getting dark. You’d better _____ out by yourself. It’s dangerous A. not go B. not to go C. to go A A 4. I bought a big box ________ books for kids in poor areas. A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected B 动词-ing形式 动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成， 其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。 动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、 表语、定语、宾语补足语等。 考点一：作主语。 动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很 多情况下可以通用。 e.g. Playing / To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes. Our English teacher often says to us, “_____ English well is very important.” A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning B 考点二：作宾语。 1. 在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing 形式作宾语的词语有dislike, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, keep on, be busy, have fun, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be used to, look forward to, feel like, thanks for等。 2. 有些及物动词（如like， love， hate， begin， start等）既可以跟动词的-ing形 式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语， 且意思上没什么差别。如： e.g. Do you like reading / to read? 3. 有些及物动词（如remember， forget， stop， try等）既可以跟动词的- ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作 宾语，但意义有别。 forget / remember to do sth. 忘记 / 记得要做某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘记 / 记得做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 try to do sth. 设法做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 need to do sth. 需要去做某事 need doing 需要被做 mean to do sth. 打算去做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 1. We feel like _____ some food and drink be cause we’ll invite some friends _____ in a party. A. buying, to join B. to buy, joining C. buying, join A 2. After she finished ______the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 3. Bruce practices ________ basketball every day so that he can be a better player. A. play B. to play C. playing D C 4. My father used to drive to work, but he is used to ______ now. (2016贵州六盘水) A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk A 考点三：宾语补足语 一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词- ing形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。 感官动词(如see，watch，notice，hear， feel等) 后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾 语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语 补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表 示动作正在进行。 1. The show was so funny that it made everyone ______ again and again. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh C 2. I heard Tom _____ when I walked past his room yesterday. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. sang 3. I saw some boy students _____ basketball when I passed the playground. A. played B. plays C. playing D. to play A C 考点四：作定语。 e.g. The man standing there is my friend Look! There are some birds _____ in the sky. They are very beautiful. A. to fly B. fly C. flying D. flown C 分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。 现在分词(v. -ing)有主动、进行之意； 过去分词(v. -ed)有被动、完成之意。 在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词 表示被动。 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作， 过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 考点一：作定语。 e.g. China is a developing country. America is a developed country. 考点二：作表语。 e.g. The book is interesting. I’m interested in it. 考点三：作宾语补足语。 e.g. I saw her going upstairs. I want to have some photos taken. 考点四：作状语。 e.g. Laughing and talking, they went into the room.