中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 简单句 9页

‎2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案 ‎(单项选择 简单句)‎ 英语句子按使用的目的可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子。‎ 一、陈述句 ‎ 陈述句是用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等的句子。它包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。‎ ‎ 1. 陈述句的肯定形式 ‎ 结构：主语十谓语十其他。如：‎ ‎ They have finished all the work他们已完成所有的工作。‎ ‎ 2. 陈述句的否定形式：‎ ‎ ①当陈述句的谓语动词为be动词、情态动词或助动词时，改为否定句，在其后直接加not。如：‎ ‎ He is a teacher.（肯定句）‎ ‎ He isn't a teacher.（否定句）‎ ‎ ②当陈述句的谓语动词是行为动词，改为否定句时，要根据句子的时态和人称，用“助动词do(does，did) +not+行为动词”构成否定形式。如果句中有some，改为否定句时要将其变成any。如：‎ ‎ 1 watched TV last night.（肯定句）‎ ‎ I didn't watch TV last night.（否定句）‎ ‎ There is some milk in the bottle.（肯定句）‎ ‎ There isn't any milk in the bottle.<否定句）‎ ‎ 注意：①当陈述句中含有something这个词时，把句子改为否定句有两种方法：其一，在句中相应位置加not，再把something改成anything;其二，直接把something改为nothing即可。如：‎ ‎ I have something to tell you.（肯定句）‎ ‎ I have nothing to tell you.（否定句）‎ ‎ ②当主从复合句中主句的谓语动词是think或believe等时，把这种句子改为否定句，往往是否定think或believe等，而不是否定后面从句中的谓语动词，尽管意思是否定从句中的谓语动词，即否定转移（否定转移是指否定形式在谓语动词，而否定的信息 焦点却在宾语、表语或状语上）。如：‎ ‎ I don't think he is an honest man.我认为他不是个诚实人。‎ ‎ ③含有否定意义的词构成否定句 ‎ 含有否定意义的词，如：no，never，seldom，few，little，hardly等也有构成陈述句的否定形式。如：‎ ‎ He could hardly walk before the operation. 手术前他几乎不能走。‎ 二、疑问句 ‎ 疑问句分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句，‎ ‎ 1. 一般疑问句：‎ ‎ 1)基本结构：‎ ‎ ①be动词十主语十其他。‎ ‎ ②助动词（或情态动词）+主语十谓语（动词原形）+其他。‎ ‎ ③一般疑问句作肯定回答时，通常是：Yes，主语+be动词／助动词／情态动词。作否定回答时，通常是：No，主语+be动词／助动词／情态动词+not(not 一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式)。‎ ‎ 2)否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。注意yes和no在翻译成中文时与其原意正好相反。如：‎ ‎— Can't you swim, Jack? —杰克，难道你不会游泳吗？‎ ‎ — No, I can't. —是的，我不会。‎ ‎2. 特殊疑问句：‎ ‎ 1)基本结构：疑问词（组）+一般疑问句 ‎ 2)特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答。‎ ‎ 3)疑问词包括疑问代词( what，who，which，whose等)和疑问副词(when，where，how，why等)。疑问词组有how old，how often，how long，how soon, how far, how many, how much等。‎ ‎ 3. 选择疑问句 ‎ 要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句，叫做选择疑问句。选择疑问句中供选择的部分玄间用or连接。如：‎ ‎ ---Is your mother at home or at work? 你母亲在家还是在上班？‎ ‎ --- She is at home. 她在家。‎ ‎ ---- Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 你更喜欢哪一样？茶还是咖啡？‎ ‎ ---I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。‎ ‎ 3. 反意疑问句 ‎ 1)反意疑问句是由两部分构成的：陈述句十附加疑问句。反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循“三同一反”的原则，即：人称相同，动词相同，时态相同，前肯后否，前否后肯。‎ ‎ 如：He is from England，isn't he7他来自英国，是吗？‎ ‎ They can't play the piano，can they?他们不会弹钢琴，是吗？‎ ‎ 2)对反意疑问句的回答，不管问题是什么，若事实是肯定的，答语就要用yes;事实是否定的，答语就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中，yes翻译成“不”，no翻译成“是的”。‎ ‎ 如：--- He isn't going to the party, is he? 他不去参加聚会，是吗？‎ ‎---Yes. he is. 不，他去的。‎ ‎ 注意以下情况：‎ ‎ 1. 陈述句部分的主语是不定代词no one，nobody, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, none等时，其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they，强调个体可以用he。如：‎ ‎ Nobody is in the classroom, aren't they? 没人在教室里，是吗？‎ ‎ 2. 陈述句的主语是everything，anything，something，nothing，附加问句的主语用it。如：‎ ‎ Everything goes well with you, doesn't it? 你一切顺利，是吧？‎ ‎ 3. 当陈述句的主语是指示代词时，其后的附加问句的主语要用相应的人称代词。即this或that后用it，these或those后用they。如：‎ ‎ That was a hundred years ago, wasn't it? 那发生在100年前，是不是？‎ ‎ Those are yours, aren't they? 那些是你的，是不是？‎ ‎ 4. 当表示“存在”的there引导陈述句时，其后的附加问句仍用引导词there。如：‎ ‎ There isn't anything in the box, is there? 盒子里没什么东西，是吗？‎ 例题1 ‎ ‎---_____________will I stay in Singapore during the summer holiday?‎ ‎ --- Let me check it for you. For two days.‎ ‎ A. How much B. How long C. How far D. How many ‎ 【解析】B how much“多少，多少钱”；how long“多长”；“how far”多远；how many“多少”。根据答句“For two days”，对时间长度进行提问。故选B项。‎ 例题2 ‎ ‎--- He doesn't like listening to this music, does he?‎ ‎ --__________. He almost listens to it every day.‎ ‎ A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn't C. Yes, he doesn't D. No, he does ‎ 【解析】A反意疑问句要根据实际情况回答，根据答语后句意思“他几乎每天听”，表明他喜欢听音乐。故选A项。‎ 三、祈使句 ‎ 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常省略，动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。‎ ‎ 1. 肯定结构：‎ ‎ ①动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分。如：‎ ‎ Look at the blackboard! 看黑板！‎ ‎ ②有时为了加强语气，可在动词前加do，表示“务必，一定”。‎ ‎ 如：Do stop talking! 请停止讲话！‎ ‎ ③为了表示委婉的语气，可在句首或句尾加上please，但please加在句尾时，与前面要用逗号隔开。‎ 如：Please sit down!请坐下。‎ Sit down，please！‎ ‎2. 否定结构 否定的祈使句有两种：‎ ‎1. Don't+动词原形。如：‎ Don't let him go out. 不要让他出去。‎ ‎2. Let's +not+动词原形。如：‎ Let's not stay here. It's too cold. 我们不要待在这儿，这儿太冷了。‎ 例题 ‎--- Jack，__________, or you will get heavier.‎ ‎ --- OK. I will take your advice.‎ ‎ A. doesn't play sports any more B. doesn't eat so much meat ‎ C. don't play sports any more D. don't eat so much meat ‎ 【解析】D根据句意“杰克，不要吃这么多肉，否则你会更重。”可知要用否定的祈使句。故选D项。‎ 四. 感叹句 ‎ 感叹句通常用what，how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：‎ ‎ ①How+形容词+a+名词十陈述语序。‎ ‎ ②How+形容词或副词十陈述语序。‎ ‎ ③What+名词十陈述语序。‎ ‎ ④What+a/an+形容词十名词十陈述语序。‎ ‎ ⑤What+形容词十复数名词十陈述语序。‎ ‎ ⑥What+形容词十不可数名词十陈述语序。‎ ‎ 如：①How beautiful the park is!公园多美啊！‎ ‎ ②How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊！‎ ‎ ③What fun it is to row a boat!划船多有趣啊！‎ ‎ ④What an interesting story it is!多有趣的故事啊！‎ ‎ ⑤What strong men they are!多壮实的人啊！‎ ‎ ⑥What important news it isl多重要的新闻啊！‎ 例题 ‎ ‎---The guard of honor of the PLA(人民解放军三军仪仗队)took part in the parade on Red Square in Moscow, Russia, on May 9,2019.‎ ‎ ----_______________ we are!‎ ‎ A. How pride B. How proud C. What pride D. What proud ‎ 【解析】 B 在答句中找出主语和谓语。“we are”，感叹句常用句型：what(+a/an)+形容词十名词十主语十谓语！How+形容词十主语十谓语！pride是名词，proud是形容词，故选B项。‎ 真题测试 测试时间：30分钟 满分：80分 ‎1. --- Mr Smith, _________ is the new bridge?‎ ‎--- Oh, let me see! It's about 800 metres.‎ A. how old B. how long C. how much D. how often ‎2. ---What programme is so attractive?‎ ‎--- The guard of honor(仪仗队) of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square.‎ ‎ ___________ exciting event !‎ A. How a B. What an C. How an D. What a ‎3. Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River.________ great courage he showed!‎ A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ‎4. ___________ big success the charity show was! We collected a lot of school things.‎ ‎ A. How B. What C. How a D. What a ‎5. Daniel, ___________ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street.‎ A. don't B. doesn't C. won't D. can't ‎6. ___________ great fun we had in Yandu‎ ‎Park last Sunday!‎ ‎ A. How B. What C. What a D. How a ‎7. --- Let's go to Luoma Lake and take the Ferris Wheel (摩天轮) to enjoy the view of Suqian.‎ ‎ ---__________________ interesting idea!‎ A. What B. What an C. How D. How an ‎8. --- We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.‎ ‎ ---____________? I'll give them a call right now.‎ ‎ A. Why not B. What for C. Why D. What ‎9. ---___________ father took part in the charity activity in the neighbourhood yesterday? - --- Peter's.‎ A. Whose B. What C. Which D. Who ‎10. --- When __________you _________ here ?‎ ‎--- Two days ago.‎ A. did; come B. have; come C. will; come D. do; come ‎11. ---______________ did you work out the problem in such a short time?‎ ‎ --- With Mr Li's help.‎ ‎ A. When B. Where C. How D. Which ‎12. __________ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer ‎ place to live in.‎ A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been ‎13. ---__________________is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?‎ ‎--- Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.‎ A. Who B. How C. What D. Which ‎14. ____________ on the grass, or it will "cry".‎ A. To walk B. Not to walk C. Walk D. Don't walk ‎15. ---______________ there any living things on other planets?‎ ‎ ---- I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.‎ ‎ A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have ‎16. --- So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 ‎ seconds.‎ ‎ ---___________ he runs!‎ A. How slow B. How fast C. What a slow D. What a fast ‎17. --- ____________does your father go to the fitness center?‎ ‎ --- He exercises there twice a week.‎ A. How soon B. How often C. How long ‎ ‎18. ---__________ will the invitations be sent to our guests?‎ ‎ --- In three days.‎ A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far ‎19. --- Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July.‎ ‎--- Really? __________ exciting news !‎ A How` B. What an C. What ‎ ‎20. --- Our team has won first prize in the soccer games.‎ ‎--- Congratulations! _________team you are !‎ A. How great B. What a great C. What great D. How a great ‎21. ---________ important it is for kids to imagine freely!‎ ‎ A. What B. What a C. What an D. How ‎22. --- Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude(《百年孤 独》) has been printed again?‎ ‎ --- It is expected to be. ___________ unusual novel it is !‎ ‎ A. What B. What a C. How D. What an ‎23. --- That's to say, sandstorms seldom hit that area, __________ they?‎ ‎ ---- No, but things are different now.‎ ‎ A do B don't C. did D. didn't ‎24. __________ sunshine! Shall we take a walk in the garden?‎ ‎ A. What a beautiful B. What beautiful C. How a beautiful D. How beautiful ‎25. --- Can I swim in the river, Grandpa?‎ ‎ ---_____________. It is dangerous.‎ ‎ A. Yes, you can B. No, you can't C. Yes, you need D. No, you needn't ‎26. --- Tom is an honest boy, ___________he?‎ ‎--- Yes. We trust him all the time.‎ A. isn't B. is C. does D. doesn't ‎27. ---____________ do you go to the supermarket, Amy?‎ ‎--- Once a week.‎ A. How many B. How much C. How far D. How often ‎28. ___________ good time we have had in the junior middle school!‎ ‎ A. What B. What a C. How D. How a ‎29. --- Haven't you heard of a person called Zhang Cunhao?‎ ‎ ---______ . He is a famous scientist and won the 2019 Top Science and Technology Award .‎ A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I did C. No, I haven't D. No, I didn't ‎30. --- _________ have you lived in Suqian, Jane? ‎ ‎--- For about 16 years.‎ A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often ‎31. ---_____________ is the World Cup held?‎ ‎--- Every 4 years.‎ A. How soon B. How often C. When D. Where ‎32. Andy makes few spelling mistakes. __________ careful boy he is!‎ ‎ A. What B. What an C. What a D. How ‎33. --- _________ brave Zhang Hua is!‎ ‎ --- Yes. He helped his neighbour, Mrs Sun, out of the fire.‎ A. What a B. How C. How a D. What ‎34. ---____________ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy?‎ ‎--- To learn about different styles of school uniforms.‎ A. What B. Where C. Why D. Which ‎35. --- The six students from Lianyungang got the first prize in the Chinese Characters Dictation ‎ Competition in ‎Jiangsu ‎ ---______________ exciting news it is !‎ A. What B. How C. What an D. How an ‎36. ---____________ have you been in Chongqing?‎ ‎--- For five years.‎ ‎ A. How many B. How soon C. How much D. How long ‎37. --- Sorry I'm late. ‎ ‎ ---_______________tell me the bus broke down again !‎ ‎ A. Never to B. Not C. Don't D. No ‎38. ____________weather it is today!‎ ‎ A. What hot B. How hot C. What a hot D. How a hot ‎39. --- We'd better invite Jim and Jack to the party tonight.‎ ‎ ---Yes, _________ ? I'll give them a call right now.‎ A. why B. why not C. what for D. how C. Aren't ‎40. _____________ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep.‎ ‎ A. Don't B. Doesn't C. Aren’t D. Can't 模拟测试 测试时间：30分钟 满分：60分 ‎1. ---____________good music program it is!‎ ‎ --- Yes. I also like it very much.‎ ‎ A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ‎2. ---________ big lanterns! I like them very much !‎ ‎--- Yes. They sell well at the Lantern Festival.‎ ‎ A How B. What C. What a D. What an ‎3. ____________suggestion we've got from him!‎ A. How useful B. What a useful C. What useful D. How a useful ‎4. ---Look at the flowers I gave you last month They are dying ______do you water them?‎ ‎ ---Sorry, I forgot to water them.‎ A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How much ‎5. _________ much time she spent on these difficult problems!‎ A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ‎6. ---__________ good time we had on the farm yesterday!‎ ‎--- Yes, and the food was so nice.‎ A. How B. What C. How a D. What a ‎7. ---__________ hours did the movie Fast & Furious 7 last?‎ ‎--- More than 2 hours.‎ A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many ‎8. --- Mike, ________ your doctor's advice or you will get worse.‎ ‎--- OK, thank you.‎ ‎ A. follows B. following C. followed D. follow ‎9. ---______ important news programme you've told us! All of us are very excited to hear that.‎ ‎ --- I'm glad you enjoy it.‎ ‎ A. What B. What a C. How D. What an ‎10. --- Our manager Mr Wang's already back from Korea, __________he?‎ ‎ --- ___________. He is paying a visit to the home for the elderly in our city.‎ A. hasn't. Yes B hasn't, No C isn't, Yes D isn't, No ‎11. --- Ben, ___________up. The worst is over.‎ ‎--- Thank you I hope so.‎ A. cheer B. cheers C. is cheering D. to cheer ‎12. ---He often dislikes your ideas,________ he?‎ ‎ ---____________. We often have different thoughts.‎ ‎ A does, Yes B. doesn't, Yes C. does, No D. doesn't, No ‎13. __________ we had at the party!‎ ‎ A. How wonderful time B. What wonderful time ‎ C. How a wonderful time D. What a wonderful time ‎14. ---___________have worked in this school, Mr Zhang?‎ ‎--- For 10 years.‎ A. How far B. How often C. How soon D. How long ‎15. --- Your mother doesn't get up late, does she? ‎ ‎---______________. But she gets up late on Sunday.‎ ‎ A. Yes, she does B. No, she doesn't C. Yes, she doesn't D. No, she does ‎16. ---_________ popular Jiang Nan Evening Paper is!‎ ‎--- That's true. It has _______ many readers in Wuxi.‎ A. How a; so B. What; such C. How; so D. What a; so ‎17. ---__________do you go to the zoo? ‎ ‎--- Never. I hate the smell.‎ A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon ‎18. ---Our teachers are going out to study. We will have three days off next week.‎ ‎ ---_________ good news!‎ ‎ A. How B. How a C. What D. What a ‎19. ---_____________ it is snowing now! ‎ ‎--- Yeah. We can make a snowman soon.‎ ‎ A. What heavy B. How heavy C. How heavily D. What heavily ‎20. __________ weather it is today! We'd better stay at home to rest.‎ ‎ A. How terrible B. What terrible C. What a terrible D. How a terrible ‎21. ---_________can Tan Dun make music without any musical instrument?‎ ‎ --- By controlling the speed of water flow.‎ ‎ A. Why B. How C. What D. Where ‎22. ---____________it is today!‎ ‎ --- Yes, it seems we have to cancel our plan for picnic.‎ ‎ A. What bad weather B. How bad weather C. What nice weather D. How nice weather ‎23. ---______________can you finish the research on food safety?‎ ‎ --- In a week.‎ ‎ A. How far B. How much C. How often D. How soon ‎24. The little boy had little food because of feeling sick this morning,___________?‎ ‎ A. had he B. hadn't he C. did he D. didn't he ‎25. “ _________you' ve made! But you should still work harder,” the teacher said to the boy.‎ ‎ A. What great progress B. How a big mistake ‎ C. What a big mistake D. How great progress ‎26. --- He seldom spends money buying new clothes or going traveling, _________ he?‎ ‎---___________ . He can't save a coin, though.‎ ‎ A. does; No B. does; Yes C. doesn't; No D. doesn't; Yes ‎27. ________ waste of time it is to spend too much time on computer games !‎ ‎ A. What B. How a C. What a D. How ‎28. ---Jim didn't go to the party yesterday, did he?‎ ‎ --- ____________, all the students except Jim _______to the party.‎ A. Yes; were invited B. No; was invited C. No; were invited D. Yes; was invited ‎29. ___________ that woman was! She got off the bus but left her baby on it.‎ A. What a careful B. How careful C. What a careless D. How careless ‎30. ---_____________your bike is! Who bought it for you?‎ ‎ --- My mum.‎ A. How nice B. How a nice C. What a nice D. What nice 答案：‎ 真题测试 ‎1-5. BBBDA 6-10. BBAAA 11-15. CACDB ‎16-20. BBBCB 21-25. DDABB 26-30. ADBAC ‎31-35. BCBCA 36-40. DCABA 模拟测试 ‎1-5. ABBBB 6-10. DDDDC 11-15. ABDDB ‎16-20. CACCB 21-25. BADCA 26-30. ACCDA