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学科教师辅导讲义
学员编号： 年 级：八 课 时 数：3
学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 沈秋芳
课程主题：C 连词+状语从句
授课时间：
学习目标
教学内容
中考词汇200句精选（十一）
101 The secretary usually wakes up with the help of the alarm clock, but yesterday it was broken, so she stayed in bed until the telephone rang.
这位秘书通常在闹钟的帮助下醒来。但是昨天，闹钟坏了，所以他一直躺在床上直到电话铃响。
102 Just after the dinner, he had the ice-cream in a hurry and got serious stomachache so his grandma offered him some medicine and hot water.
就在晚饭之后，他匆匆就吃了份冰淇林，然后胃疼的厉害。因此，他的外婆给他一些药和热水。
103 While all the fans outside celebrated his success, the winner of the Winter Canadian Olympics in Canada did the interview at the international conference center and said he would continue to train for another competition.
当粉丝们在外面庆祝他的胜利时，这位加拿大奥运会的冠军在国际会议中心接受了采访，说他将为下一场比赛继续训练。
104 This ancient cave is very deep and dark so even with the lantern the captain of the group still failed to observe the animal pictures in the cave.
这个古老的洞穴既深又黑，所以即使打着灯笼，小组的队长仍无法观察洞穴的动物壁画。
105 The persons in the tow didn't believe the truth that the lake had been polluted by the nearby chemical factories until the lake was covered with the dead fish.
直到湖里全是死鱼时，镇里的人们才相信这个事实，即湖泊已经被周围的化工厂污染了。
106 During the spring festival, people usually set off fireworks to say goodbye to the past year and welcome the New Year.
春节期间，人们通常放烟火辞旧迎新。
107 During the National Day, the whole nation is filled with happy atmosphere, streets full of balloons and red flags and every Chinese hopes our mother country become more and more powerful.
国庆节期间，整个国家处处都是欢乐的氛围，街道上也处处是气球和红旗。每一位中国人都希望自己的祖国越来越强大。
108 After the army attacked enemy's base, the battle broke out in the north area and just after 2 hours, the enemy gave up the base.
部队攻击了敌人的基地。战斗在北部爆发了仅 2小时之后敌人放弃了基地。
109 This blind Australian singer was very popular with teenagers and in yesterday's charity show, he sang his favorite songs while some actresses were dancing around him.
这位澳洲盲人歌手在年轻人种很受欢迎。昨天在一场慈善表演中，他演唱了自己最喜欢的歌曲，同时一些女演员在其周围伴舞。
110 Some articles and the pictures of these magazines about geography and journey aren't printed clearly, so this section can't publish these magazines.
这本杂志中有关地理和旅行的一些文章和照片印的不是很清楚，所以该部门无法出版这些杂志。
一、专题知识梳理
1. 连词的概念
连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。
2. 连词的分类
常有的
1、并列连词：and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。
2、表转折的并列连词：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。
3、表选择的并列连词，or, or else, otherwise…
4、表因果的连词：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。
5、从属连词：that, if, whether,（初中主要用来连接宾语从句，其次用来连接状语从句。）
6、时间状语从句，常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till
7、连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，
8、而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。
9、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where…
它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。我们通过一些例句来分析一下连词的功用。
3.重点连词辨析
1、 because、as、since、for的用法：
because表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面；另外,回答why的问句只能用because.
as表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。
since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。
for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。
如：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill./ As all of you have got here, now, let’s go to the zoo./ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. / We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00.
2、 if、whether的区别：
表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句,另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。
如：I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的）
下列情况只能用whether不能用if：
引导主语从句, 如：Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.
②引导从句作介词宾语
③引导不定式短语, / Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not. (作动词的宾语) /
④引导让步状语从句, Hainan is the place to be, whether it’s summer or winter. (引导让步状语从句)/
⑤在动词discuss之后
⑥在wonder / not sure之后
【讲解】给学生讲的时候，不必让其记住这些情况，简单地告诉学生，能用whether就用whether，if和whether在一起，都表示“是否”的时候，用whether肯定没错，因为whether更“专业”。
3、 while、when、as的用法区别：
1）while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；
Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. /
2）when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；
I’ll go home when I have finished my job. / They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming
3）as与上两词同义,可替换while和when, 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。.
As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly.
4、 till/until与not…till/until的区别：
1）前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。
如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return. (stay这个动作一直进行到你return) /
2）They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.
另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till.
如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.
Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（倒装句）
5、 though与although的区别：
两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。
although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though； though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。
如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes./ she won’t leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper./ It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.
6、 prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别：
prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。
如：I prefer English to Japanese. / I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese.
二、专题精讲
1、＿＿＿ she was not well, I decided to go without her.
A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of
［答案］ B.
［讲解］ as这里应译为"由于"。全句意为：由于她不舒服，我决定不带她去了。而because of 其后不能接从句只能接宾语。如： Because of the heavy rain, we decided not to go。
2、Take this dictionary with you ＿＿＿ you may use it in class.
A. otherwise B. in order to C. or D. so that
［答案］ D.
［讲解］应译为"为的是"。本句句义为：带上字典，为的是在上课时可能有用。而in order to 其后应接动词不定式，如：Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class。
3、—I don’t know ______I should do with so many eggs. –You can sell them.
A how B why C what D when
［答案］A.
［讲解］can 表示能，可以，你可以卖掉他们，如果我们对“卖掉”进行提问的话，是什么? 是方式，所以用how。
三、专题过关
1. Do more exercise every day, you’ll be stronger than before.
A. so B. but C. and D. or
2. I have something important to discuss with Tim. I will wait for Tim he gets back.
A. as B. until C. when D. after
3. You can buy computers at a local shop. They’re usually more expensive, ______ you can get better after-sales service.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
4. Arthur, you will get toothache ______ you clean your teeth regularly.
A. unless B. since C. if D. before
5. We will go to Happy Valley tomorrow it rains.
A. until B. when C. unless D. if
6. the World Expo was over, a lot of visitors still go to the China Pavilion to enjoy themselves and take photos.
A. Although B. Since C. When D. As
7. Don't stay up too late. ________ you'll find it hard to get up on time tomorrow.
A. or B. but C. and D. so
8. Susan did quite well in the final exam ________ she had missed two weeks' lessons.
A. though B. if C. because D. unless
9. I decided not to buy frozen dumplings the government said they were safe.
A. because B. though C. since D. or
10. I can’t understand the sentence ____ there are no new words in it.
A. if B. until C. though D. because
11. We will remember the picture ______ it is silly, strange and colorful.
A. unless B. if C. before D. after
12. Speak louder_______ everyone in the meeting room can hear you clearly.
A. so that B. in order to C. since D. because
答案: 1-5 CBBAC 6-10 AAABC 11-12 BA
四、 学法提炼
1 熟悉各个连词的使用方法。
2 在理解句意的基础上选择合适的连词。
3 注意区别相近意义的连词。
一、专题知识梳理
一、状语从句的概念
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。
二、状语从句的分类
根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。
三、状语从句的句法功能
1. 时间状语从句（主句将来时从句现在时）
1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：
It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.
While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
易混引导词while, when的区别：
when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动词连用（=while）。
While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
练习：用while或when填空
1. Please don't talk so loud ______ others are working.
2. ______ he came in, his mother was cooking.
3. ______ we were at school, we went to the library every day.
Keys: 1. while 2. when 2. While
2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
练习：
1. I’ll ring you up as soon as I ______（get） to New York.
2 .I will tell him everything when he ______ (come) back.
3. He won’t believe it until he ______ (see) it with his own eyes.
Keys: 1. get 2. comes 3. sees
结论: 主将从现的原则
3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
例如：（注意粗体单词）
1. The young man read till the light went out.
2. Let’s wait until the rain stops.
3. We won’t start until Bob comes.
4. Don’t get off until the bus stops.
2. 条件状语从句（主句用将来时从句用现在时）
1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：
What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
练习：
1. I’ll help you with your English if I ______(be) free tomorrow.
2. He ______(not) be late unless he is ill.
Keys: 1. am 2. will not
3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：
Hurry up, or （其中文意思是什么）you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
批注：需要让学生理解祈使句也是个句子，只是省略主语的句子，汉语中也较多此类句型，可以类比讲解。
3. 原因状语从句
1)原因状语从句通常由because, since（因为）, as（因为）引导。例如：
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：
------Why aren’t going there?
------Because I don’t want to.
As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.
3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4. 结果状语从句
1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。
练习：
1. He is ______ poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
A． so B. such C. much D .too
2. She is ______good teacher that everybody likes her.
A .such a B. so a C. a so D .a such
Keys: A A
2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:
“...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。
例如：
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
练习：（选出划线部分的近义选项）
1） It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
A so wonderful a film B so a wonderful film
2） It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.
A so an important match B an so important match C so important a match
Keys: A C
(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。
练习：
Soon there were ______ many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. Keys: A
A so B such C much
总结：
① so +形容词或者副词+that…
② such +(形容词)+可数名词或者不可数名词 + that
③ such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数
= so+形容词 +a/an +可数名词单数
④so + little/ many/much/ few +名词
5. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如：
Tom runs faster than John does.
This classroom is as big as that one.
批注：这里需要强调两个as后面接的词性是不同的，且第一个as后面接的必须是形容词和副词的原级，这是考试的
重点；与此不同的是，than前面必须是形容词和副词的比较级形式。
6. 目的状语从句
1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
We used the computer in order that we might save time.
2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：
目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。
从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
批注：这里主要引导学生从意思的角度进行区分，比如第二个句子，生病的目的不可能是为了休息，不符合正常的逻辑。
7. 让步状语从句
1)让步状语从句通常由although, though，even though，even if，no matter，however等连词引导。例如：
1.Though he is young, he knows a lot.
2. Although／Though／Even though／Even if you don’t like him you can still be polite．
尽管／即使／纵然／即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。
3. No matter what you do(Whatever your do)，don’t touch this switch．
无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。
4. However rich people are(=No matter how rich people are )，they always seem anxious to make more money．
无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。
5. However carefully you drive，you will probably have an accident eventually．
无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。
6. Whatever you do，don’t tell him that I told you this．
无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。
2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：
我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或 It was raining hard, but he still went out.
批注：这是英语和汉语说话习惯不同的地方，需要重点讲解。另外，可以类比地讲解“因为和所以不能出现在同一
个句子中”。
8. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：
Go where you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
批注：这属于比较难的知识点，学生理解即可。
二、专题精讲
1.You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.
A. if B. how C. before D. where
该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有
if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。答案：A。
2.---Shall we go on working?
---Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest.
A. when B. if C. because D. though
该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。答案：D。
3.None of us knew what had happened _________ they told us about it.
A. when B. until C. after D. though
该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思 应用“not…until” 这一句型。答案：B。
4.---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!
---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there.
A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till
该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。答案：B。
三、专题过关
单项选择：
1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
A. Though B. Since C. For D. So
2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?
---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be
3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.
A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help
C. will fall; help D. falls; helping
4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.
A. what B. which C. where D. who
5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.
A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming
6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.
A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after
7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.
A. when B. that C. until D. because
8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.
A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make.
A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest
C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less
10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play.
A. before B. after C. when D. while
11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions.
A. which B. that C. where D. though
13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.
A. for B. so that C. because D. in order
14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.
A. because B. as C. if D. since
15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.
A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day
C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day
16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.
A. such B. so C. too D. very
17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.
A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if
18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.
A. So long as B. In order that
C. No matter how D. The moment
20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.
A. will get B. get C. getting D. go
二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子
1. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。
I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he ______ on me.
2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当作母亲。
Mrs. Bruce was _______ kind to her students ______ they ______ her _____ their mother.
3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。
Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best.
4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？
Will you please call me ______ ______ ______ you get to Shanghai.
5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。
The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______ ______ ______ she has kept practicing for two years.
6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。
_______ _______ ______ _______, she kept on learning English by herself.
7. 他长大后相当一名记者。
He wants to be a journalist ______ _______ _______ _______.
8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。
_______ _______ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.
9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。
______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。
Li Ming didn’t come to school _______ _______ ______ ______.
练习二：
选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。
1. Jim spends a lot of money on books ______he is not rich.
2. Kate fell into sleep ______she was listening to the music.
3. ----Is David at school today?
----No. He is at home ______he has a bad cold.
4. We won't have supper ______my mother comes back.
5. Speak to him slowly ______he may understand you better.
6. ______ she doesn't come on Sunday, I'll go fishing by myself.
7. It is four years ______I had left that small village.
8. ______the air moves, it is called wind.
9. We will go to the park ______it doesn't rain tomorrow.
10.______little boys did ______much work.
11. There are few new words in the passage ______we can't understand it.
12. Go back ______you come from.
13. He reached the station ______the train had left.
14. ----Do you have a swimming pool?
----No, we don't. At least, not ______big ______yours.
15. Give me your paper ______you have finished it.
16. It is raining hard, ______we have to stay at home.
17. ______you work harder, you'll never pass the final exam.
18. Look after the children ______I am out.
19. The village is ______far away ______I can't get there on foot.
20. That is ______an interesting book ______I can't stop reading it.
Keys:
一. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
二. 1. no matter what; plays 2.so; that; regarded; as 3. as long as 4. as long as 5. so much that 6. Though she was busy 7. when he grows up 8.Whether it’s 9. If everyone makes a contribution 10. because he was ill
Keys: 1.though 2.while 3.because 4.until 5. so that
6.Even if 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such, do
11.but 12.where 13.before 14.as(so), as 15.after
16.so 17.unless 18.while 19.so, that 20.such, that
四、 学法提炼
1 熟悉掌握各个状语从句的连词，并且知晓其含义。
2 在理解句意的基础上，选择合适的状语从句的连词。
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)
26. He did very well, but he failed to break the record. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?
A) [brek] B) [breɪk] C)[brɪk] D)[brək]
27. Which of the following underlined parts is different is pronunciation with others ?
A) Students are allowed to choose the style of their school uniforms
B) Great changes have taken place in Shanghai since 1979.
C) You had a toothache because you ate too much spicy food.
D) The Smiths seldom go to church, but they believe.
28. Lucy’s cousin is ______ engineer. She always wears ______ uniform at work.
A) a, a B) a, an C) an, a D) an, an
29. Johnson was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest ___ them.
A) with B) in C) to D) among
30. It is said that _____ of the students like to help their parents with the housework
A) three-fifths B) third-fifths C) thirds-fifth D)three-fifth
31. Mother told Jimmy ______ with her friends online and said it was a waste of time.
A) to stop to chat B) stooping to chat
C) stop to chat D) to stop chatting
32. Scientists say we will have no water to drink _____ we protect water resources.
A) if B) when C) before D)unless
33. With the help of the Internet, news can _______ every corner of the world.
A) get B) arrive C) reach D)return
34. You’d better______ long hours in the office. Go out and have a rest for a while.
A) not work B) not to work C) don’t work D) not to working
35. A:Is Betty in the office?
B:No, she _____ there. I saw her in the cafeteria several minutes ago.
A) couldn’t be B) can’t be C) mustn’t be D)needn’t be
36. Now Shanghai is becoming one of _____ cities in the world.
A) attractive B) more attractive C) most attractive D)the most attractive
37. If Bob doesn’t ______ hope, he will surely succeed in finishing his project.
A) give in B) give up C) give out D) give off
38. A:______ can these students finish designing a picnic plan for next weekend?
B: In less than an hour, I think.
A) How fast B) How often C) How many times D) How soon
39. A: Where is your sales manager, Jessica?
B: She’s no here. She ______ to Beijing to attend a meeting . She left this morning.
A) had gone B) had been C) has gone D) have been
40. The _______ water you waste or pollute, the ____ you will have tomorrow.
A) less,fewer B) less,more C) fewer,less D) less,less
41. John _____ off his bike and hurt himself whike he ______.
A) fell,were riding B) had fallen,was riding
C) fell,was riding D) had fallen,rode
42. If kids have some pocket money, it`s more convenient ofr them to buy______.
A) necessary something B) something necessary
C) necessary anything D) nothing necessary
43. The headmaster asked his assistant _____
A) why Chris didn`t attend the meeting B) why donsn`t Chris attend the meeting
C) why didn`t Chris attend the meeting D) why Chris doesn`t attend the meeting
44. A：Would you like me to book two tickets for you trhis afternoon?
B:________ .That`s very kind of you.
A) Yes, please B) It`s a pleasure
C) Yes, I`d like to D) Never mind
45.A:Would you mind helping me to colllect some information?
B:________
A) Never mind B) Take it easy
C) Of course not D) You`re welcome
Ⅲ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填 一次)（共8分）
（A）
A. compete with B. wonderfully C. need D. through E. pay less attention to
For the first time, Zhang Shengyu, a student at Laiyang Middle School in Shangdong,didn`t ask her mother to buy her a new schoolbag or any new pens for the beginning of the school term. “My old schoolbag can still be used, so there is no __46____ to buy a new one,”Zhang said . “ I’ve decided to be thrifty(节约的) from now on.”
As the centre of the family’s atteniton,many of the one-child generation do not know about the hardships of life. They sometimes have no idea of the value of things. Many students would throw away pens and erasers that haven’t been used up and buy new ones. Some like to __47___ each other to see whose clothes and school things are more expensive.
The Ministry of Education released a notification(通知) on its website on Jan 20,2019. It called on students to form good
habits such as diligence and thrift to avoid wasting food and to _48___ famous brands(品牌).
Many schools consider teaching the value of money to be an important lesson and encourage their students to be thrift.
Students at No 44 Middle School in Hebei planted many fruit trees on their campus. The students learned how to cherish(爱惜) things ___49___ taking care of the trees. “With everyone’s work, we can make a difference,” said Li Dong, a student at the school.
(B)
F. so far G. spend H. happen I. full of J. provides
For most of us in China, we only have to turn on the tap to get clean water. We seldom think twice about where it comes from.
Day after day, thousands of children in poor countries have to __50___ hours walking for miles to collect water. What’s more, the water is dirty and can cause serious diseases, such as diarrhea(腹泻). It’s hard to believe, but every 20 seconds a child dies as a result of a water-related disease.
The international water-aid charity called Just a Drop 51____ clean water to some of the poorest areas in the world, by building wells, pipelines(水管) and toilets. The charity has helped about 1.5 million people___52___.
Betty, from Uganda, is just one of the people who have been helped by Just a Drop.11-year-ld Betty had to walk tow miles every day, carrying tow heavy cans __53__ dirty pond water before Just a Drop placed a well in her village. “I used to get sick form the water. Now, I don`t have t walk long distances and I feel much sager with this clean water.”
Ⅳ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their suitable forms( 用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。 每空格限填一词)（共8分）
54.It was very freezing. We all tried to cover our faces under our ______(scarf)
55.The dog is happy having the _____ of the house when we’re out.(free)
56.The peasant often says that the ____ of the crop depends on the weather.(succeed)
57.Nobody taught them French. They learned it over the radio ____(they)
58.The teacher always tells his students to be on their best _____ (behave)
59.Tom can`t ______ whom to stay with for Christmas Eve.(decision)
60.These natural disasters warn us that everyone should protect the environment_____(immediate)
61.It is really ______ for Tom to argue with such a dishonest person.(necessary)
Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences as required (根据所给要求， 改写下列句子，第62-67 句每空格限填一词)
62. My parents set out early to catch the first bus yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ your parents ________ out early to catch the first bus yesterday?
63. Doctor Zhang was highly praised for what he had done for his patients.(对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ Doctor Zhang highly praised?
64．A tourist guide showed the foreigners around Yu Garden yesterday.(改为被动语态)
The foreigners _________ _________ around Yu Garden yesterday.
65. The air pollution was quite serious in our city last month.(改为感叹句)
________ ________ the air pollution os in our city today!
66.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.(改为简单句)
Visitors love this city ________ ________ its historical sights and delicious food.
67.“Have you seen the exciting film before?” Linda asked her husband.(合并为一句)
Linda asked her husband ______ he _______ seen the exciting film.
68. months, take, the bridge, at least, will, it , to, the engineers, three, design(连词成句)
Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分 读写)
Ⅵ.Reading comprehension(阅读理解)（共50分）
A．Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)（12分）
In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was dear and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men, or “stewards（空乘）”helped the passengers onto the airplane and carried the passengers` luggage but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930,a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”。
Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn’t want to work on a farm or marry a farmer—she wanted a more adventurous (冒险的)life. Ellen studied to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but she also took flying lessons and got her pilot’s license.
Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man’s world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous, she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot. But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying because flying was still an unreliable way to travel. There were often delays, many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. agreed.
The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses.
At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early “stewardesses” had to be under twenty-five-year-old, single and slim. When a woman joined an airline, she had to promise not to get married or have children. It was hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned $1 an hour.
In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, “stewardesses” have been called flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.
69. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph suggests that Ellen was the first woman to _________.
A)invent the new word “stewardess” B) flew a plane
C)work on a plane D)travel by plane
70. From the second paragraph, we learn that__________.
A)Ellen did not behave in the same way as other girls
B)Ellen`s family was not rich enough to support her education
C)Ellen was fond of working on a farm
D)Ellen has an unhappy childhood that changed her completely.
71.Ellen ________ when she was young.
A)didn’t work as nurse in a hospital B)didn’t want to marry a farmer on a farm C)didn’t take flying
lessons D)failed to get her pilot license
72.The main reason for Boeing Air Transport offering Ellen the job was ______.
A)her flying experience B)her university education
C)her nursing experience D)her life attitudes
73.According to the passage, in the 1904s ,a woman had to _____ if she wanted to be a stewardess.
A)be a nurse B)be married C)be a mother D)be young
74.The passage mainly talks about______.
A)the background of early flying pilots B)the experience of flying passengers
C)the history of early flight attendants D)the development of airplanes
B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分）
School uniforms have been around for hundreds of years, and even perhaps longer. They are usually used in grade schools, but some high schools. Particularly those in England and Europe often have some kind of uniform or dress code requirements. In general, they are used to keep students in line for many different reasons.
One of the __75____ of wearing school uniforms is that there is no need to __76____ what children are doing to wear every day, and there is more concentration on class. One of the benefits of school uniforms in this case is that there is no __77____ with others. Everyone is wearing the same clothes every day. This way, instead of competing over who is wearing what, there is more focus on the daily school work. Not always , but in many cases, girls try to dress provocatively (挑逗地), whether it’s to impress the boys, or to outdo（超越） one another. Using school uniforms takes away these distractions(使人分心的事)。
Many times, kids are __78____ because of the clothes they wear, and it seems that no matter how hard parents try, kids know who is poor in the school. One of the advantages of school uniforms is that there is nothing to tell the difference between who is poor or well off. The benefit of wearing school uniforms is that everyone wears the same thing, whether you are rich, or poor.
There are some other things that make the idea school uniforms more___79___. There is no need to buy designer clothes that so many kids demand these days, and this can be very __80___ for parents who are constantly being asked by their kids to buy the next latest and greatest fashion. Some other advantages of school uniforms is that there is less likelihood of kids wearing gang color and colthes and this can reduce incidents of violence in schools greatly.
75.A.disadvantages B.advantages C. points D. questions
76.A.think of B.try on C.think about D.take out
77.A.contest B.match C.game D.competiton
78. A.laughed at B.worried about C.relied on D.surprised at
79. A.attractive B.awful C. correct D.changeable
80. A.easy B.convenient C.helpful D.dull
C. Read the pasagfe and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)（14分）
Air pollution, as we know it today,started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. In the last few decades, it has b______ a serious problem for our environment.
When harmful elements get into the air, they may cause health problems and can also d_____ the environment, building and soil. They make the ozone layer(臭氧层)much thinner and the climate more changeable.
Our modern lifestyle has led to dirtier air over the years. Factories, all kinds of vehicles, the growing number of people are the things that are r______ for air pollution today. But not all air pollution is caused by people. Smog, forest fires, dust storms and volcanic eruptions can also lead to the pollution of the atmosphere.
Smog(雾霾)is a m________ of smoke and fog. It occurs when gases from hurt fuel get together with fog on the ground. When heat and sunlight get together with these gases, they form dangerous particles in the air. Smog occurs in big cities with a lot of traffic ,e_____ in the summer time. When it is very hot. Smog stays near the ground. It causes lung diseases and breathing problems and in smog areas, we can’t see well.
Today, cities with a large p______ have the biggest smog problems-Los Angeles, Mexico City or Cairo. The smog often stays over the cities for many days. Thousands of people die in London every year.
A lot of measures have been taken to prevent smog so far. Drivers are not a______ to drive on smog days in some cities. Factories use coal that doesn’t have much sulfur(硫磺)in it. So cars are much environmentally firendly today.
D. Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答下列问题)（12分）
Flynn McGarry，a 14-year-old American boy, controls the kitchen easily. He os now crowned as (被誉为)“the country’s hottest chef（厨师）。”
McGarry began his cooking career four years ago and said it was something he was soon drawn too.
He wanted to cook as much as he could .Before he tried cooking at home, he looked at all these cookbooks and surfed the Internet, he thought he could achieve that on day. McGarry said. “Every time I try it,I hope to keep getting better and better. I just fell in love with it.”
He said his mother’s cooking was another reason for him to cook. He didn`t quite like his nother’s food, so he decided to try something simple, and cook for himself. Every day after school,he began practicing his knife skills. That`s important to cooks. Then ,he started creating dished for a few of his mother’s friends.Soon after,he created more complicated(复杂的) and expensive dishes for famous restaurants in America.
The real “I want to be a chef” moment came when McGarry decided to create his won dishes.When his skills in the kitchen got better, he worked in top restaurants all over the country.His accomplishments(技艺)may seem like the work of an experienced chef, but this cook is only 14 years old.
The young man has a strong passion(热情) for cooking. He even turned his bedroom into an experimental kitchen lab. You can’t see any video games,basketballs or movie posters there.
McGarry’s mother is proud of him and she fully supports her son. She said, “He showed such passion for this that it was an obvious choice to allow him to do what he loves to do.”
When Flynn McGarry was interviewed him,he said, “Focusing on your passion and hard work certainly pays off in the end,your dream will come true.”
88.How old was Flynn McGarry when he began cooking?
He began cooking when______________________________.
89.When did McGarry try cooking at home?
He tried cooking after________________________________.
90.Garry didn`t like his mother`s food,did he?
_____________,he _________________________.
91.Who did McGarry cook for at first?
For__________________________________.
92.What did McGarry do when his skills in the kitchen got better?
____________________________________________
93.What do you think of McGarry ? And what can we learn from him?
He is __________________and we can learn_____________________.
Ⅶ. Writing （作文）(共20分)
94. Write a letter in at least 60 words according to the given situation(根据所给情景写一封不少于60词的信)
假如你是Linda，你收到英国笔友Mark的来信，他现在住在北京姑妈家，春节期间他收到一些长辈给的压岁钱，请写一封回信，对有关“如何使用压岁钱”提一些建议。）
（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。）
2019年嘉定一模
参考答案：
26-30 BCCDA 31-35DDCAB 36-40 DBDCB 41-45CBAAC
46-49 CAED 50-53 GJFI
54.scarves 55.freedom 56.success 57.themselves 58.behaviors 59. decide
60. immediately 61. unnecessary
62.Did,set 63.Why was 64. were shown 65.How serious 66.because of 67. if,had
68.It will take the engineers at least three months to design the bridge.
69-74 CABCDC
75-80 BCDAAC
81. become 82.destroy 83. responsible 84.mixtrue 85. especially 86.population 87. allowed
88. he was 10 (years old)
89. looked at all the cookbooks and surfed the Internet.
90.No,didn`t
91. himself
92. He worked in top restaurants all over the country.
93. Any reasons
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