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高考英语试题分类汇编情态动词虚拟语气类单选Word版含解析

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‎2013年高考英语试题分类汇编之情态动词、虚拟语气 ‎1. (安徽卷) 28. I ______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone ‎1【答案】D。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本题的解题关键是逗号之后的句子“but I was not available”,由此可以看出,昨晚的聚会我没有参加,所以空处是与过去事实相反的动作,故正确答案是would have gone。‎ ‎【拓展】与过去事实相反的动作,从句用had done, 主句用would/should/could/might do sth。‎ ‎【句意】昨晚我本来要去参加表哥的生日聚会,但我没空。‎ ‎2. (北京卷)34. If we ______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.‎ A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked ‎2【答案】D。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个包含了一个条件状语从句的复合句,从主句的谓语动词would be standing 可以推出,用的是虚拟语气,这样,if就是一个虚拟条件句,“订餐”是发生在过去,故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,句中谓语动词应该用had done的形式,因此锁定答案。‎ ‎【句意】如果我们早点订餐,现在就不会在这里排队了。‎ ‎3. (福建卷)30. —Do you think George has passed the driving test?‎ ‎—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.‎ A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven ‎ ‎3【答案】C。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句中的yesterday可以判断出是与过去的事实相反,所以主句用would have done 结构。‎ ‎【句意】— 你觉得乔治通过汽车驾驶员行驶执照的考试了吗?‎ ‎ — 没有。如果他通过了的话,他昨天就会开车来我们大学了。‎ ‎4. (江苏卷) 30. I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious.‎ A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought ‎4【答案】C。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查非真实条件句的虚拟语气。根据主句中should not have laughed可知,本句所讲与过去事实相反。If引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时,从句结构为had done.。所以选A。‎ ‎【句意】如果我当时想到你是认真的,我就不会笑了。‎ ‎5. (陕西卷)12. My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend.‎ ‎ A. should B. might C. could D. would ‎5【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。本句是一个复合句,主句谓语动词suggests,后跟宾语从句,谓语动词要用(should)do sth,故答案是A。‎ ‎【拓展】与建议,命令,要求,坚持等相关的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should)do的形式。‎ ‎【句意】妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃饭换换样。‎ ‎6. (天津卷) 14. If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now. A. will be B. would be C has been D. would have been ‎ ‎6【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的虚拟,谓语用had done,而主句则是对现在(now)事实的一种假设,所以用would do,所以B项符合句意。‎ ‎【句意】要是以前他能多花些时间练习口语,现在就能够说得更流利了。‎ ‎7. (浙江卷) 8. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is ‎7【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句中谓语动词 recommend 判断出后面的宾语从句应该用(should) do sth。‎ ‎【句意】眼科医生建议:孩子在两个月时就要进行第一次眼科检查。‎ ‎8. (重庆卷) 29. — It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.‎ ‎— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______.‎ A. hadn't B. haven't C. didn't D. don't ‎8【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。事实是带了伞,那么假设没带伞,就是与过去事实相反的假设,所以从句部分要用had/hadn’t done sth的形式。‎ ‎【句意】—今早下了倾盆大雨,我很高兴我们带雨伞了。—是啊,如果我们不带,我们就淋湿了。‎ ‎9. (陕西卷) 21. The children ______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get ‎9【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。从句子的后半部分看,谓语动词用了would have been,说明是与过去事实相反的,故前半句应该是对过去事实的推测,应该用情态动词+ 完成式,排除选项B,D;选项C虽然是对过去情况的猜测,但意思是“本应迷路,但没迷路”,与句意不符,排除。‎ ‎【拓展】情态动词表示对过去情况的推测:‎ should have done 本应做但没做; shouldn’t have done本不该做但做了; ‎ need have done本来有必要做但没做; needn’t have done 本来没必要做但做了;‎ may/might have done可能做过; must have done 肯定做过; ‎ can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过。‎ ‎【句意】孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了,否则他们就会按计划已经在湖边了。‎ ‎10. (新课标II) 6. Since nobody gave him any help, he ______ have done the research on his own.‎ A. can B. must C. would D. need ‎10【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。由“没有人帮过”可以推断出“一定是他自己做的”,而must have done的意思就是“一定做过某事”,表示对过去发生的事情的推测。‎ ‎【句意】既然没有人帮助过他,那他一定是自己做的这项研究工作。‎ ‎11. (江西卷) 29.When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.‎ A. should B. could C. must D. need ‎11【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。本题的解题关键在于从句when I was a child;确定了整个句子的时态为过去时;need的过去式是needed,因此选项D为错误;A选项should与第一人称连用,表达有义务或有责任做某事,意为“应该,应当”;B选项could用在过去时中表示“可能性”或“能力”;C选项must很少用于过去式,一般在过去时态中经常用had to来代替。‎ ‎【句意】我小的时候,无论什么时候想看电视,都可以看。‎ ‎12. (辽宁卷) 31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ______ too much at the party last night.‎ A. could drink B. should drink C. would have D. must have drunk ‎12【答案】D。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词表示过去情况的推测。根据时间状语last night可知,本句讲的是过去的事情,故先排除选项A,B。would have done是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句结构,must have done表示对过去情况猜测,“肯定做过……”。由句意理解,这里是表示猜测。故选D。‎ ‎【句意】亨利看起来似乎不舒服。他肯定是昨晚的晚宴上喝多了。‎ ‎13. (四川卷) 5. —Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night.‎ ‎—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t ‎13【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词表猜测。根据眼睛红推测没睡好觉,can’t/couldn’t have done 的意思是“过去不可能做过”, 正合题意,为正确答案;mustn’t have done 不存在,;needn’t have done 意思是“本没要做但做了”;won’t have done 意思是“将不能完成”,均与句意不符,排除。‎ ‎【拓展】情态动词对过去情况的推测的几种情况:(1)may/might have done 可能做过 (2)mustn’t have done 肯定做过 (3)can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做过。‎ ‎【句意】—你的眼睛为什么红?你昨晚肯定没睡好觉。— 是的,我熬夜到很晚写一份报告。‎ ‎14. (天津卷) 9. No one ______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.‎ A. could B. must C. dare D. need ‎14【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词。A项could表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中,而且本句中还包含了否定词+比较级表达最高级的一种用法,表示他是最慷慨大方的;B项must表示必须、必要或说话人的主观看法;C项dare用于否定句中表示敢于。D项need用于疑问句、否定句中表示有必要,需要。‎ ‎【句意】没有人比他更慷慨大方了,他有一颗金子般的心。‎ ‎15. (安徽卷) 34. It ______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t ‎15【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。从后面的原因看,你的词汇量多,推断:导致出现问题的原因不可能是词汇问题。can’t /couldn’t be 的意思是“不可能是”,故为正确答案。‎ ‎【拓展】情态动词可以表示推测意义,对现在情况的推测分别是:‎ ‎(1) may/might be可能是; (2) must be一定是;‎ ‎(3)can’t/couldn’t be 不可能是; (4) should be应该是 ‎【句意】在这个练习中导致你出现这个问题的不可能是词汇问题,因为你知道的单词很多。‎ ‎16. (北京卷) 35. --- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.‎ ‎--- Well, I don’t know. It ______ do. A. Might B. need C. would D. should ‎16【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。本题的关键是“I don’t know”,既然是不清楚,那就是有可能,因此用might;‎ ‎【拓展】情态动词可以表示推测意义,对现在情况的推测分别是:‎ ‎(1) may/might be可能是; (2) must be一定是;‎ ‎(3) can’t/couldn’t be 不可能是; (4) should be应该是 ‎【句意】— 你不必带伞,不会下雨的。— 嗯,我不清楚,或许会呢。‎ ‎17. (湖南卷)32.He ________ sleep, although he tried to when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C.couldn't D.mustn't ‎17【答案】C。‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。从although he tried to可判断出,他试图想睡,但又睡不着,wouldn’t 不愿意,shouldn’t 不该,mustn’t含有禁止的意思,couldn’t不能,故选择C。 ‎ ‎【拓展】情态动词can 可表示能力、许可、可能性。如:‎ ‎(1)Some of us can use the computer now , but we couldn't ten years ago. (表能力)‎ ‎(2)I thought the story could not be true(表可能性)‎ ‎(3)Can/Could I go now? (表许可,常用于口语中)‎ ‎【句意】他总算费尽心思,想出了办法;他想睡,却无法入睡。‎ ‎18. (2013年高考英语新课标I) 29. The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed. ‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t ‎ ‎18【答案】C。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。题干是《朗文当代英文词典》当中的一个例句,用来说明would not的用法:即使某人努力让某事发生,某事就是不发生,翻译成汉语有“偏不”的意思。这种用法是would not所独有的,故最佳答案是C。‎ ‎【句意】无论她怎么用力推,门就是打不开。‎ ‎19. (浙江卷) 3. I ______ myself more ---- it was a perfect day.‎ A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed ‎ C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed ‎19【答案】D。‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。must have done表示对过去的推测,只用于肯定句,故排除B;wouldn’t have done表示虚拟或原不想做的事情却做了,needn’t have done表示本不必做却做了某事,can’t / couldn’t …more表示“再什么不过了,再也没有比这更… 的”,从下文it was a perfect day可知“我玩得再开心不过了”, 故选择D。‎ ‎【句意】我玩得再开心不过了,这是完美的一天。‎ ‎【拓展】can’t/couldn’t have done.. 表否定推断,不可能做了什么事 The measurement couldn’t have been wrong. 测量不可能出错了。‎ He can't have taken it home. 他不可能把它带回家了。‎ ‎20. (重庆卷) 26. — What are you doing this Saturday? A. must B. would ‎— I'm not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert. C. should D. might ‎20【答案】D。‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词。本题的关键词是I’m not sure,既然不确定,那就是不能说必须,将,应该,排除选项A,B,C。‎ ‎【句意】—这个周六你打算做什么?— 我不确定,但我有可能去看Rolling Stones音乐会。‎