2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4 10页

Women of achievement 李仕才 一、阅读理解 ‎    You may not think it very much—a used ice cream tub(纸杯) on the beach, a cigarette butt in the sand. But these little pieces of litter amount to around 8.8 million tons of trash in the world's oceans, poisoning and choking sealife, according to figures from the World Wildlife Foundation.‎ ‎    Now, in a set of images titled The Price Of Convenience by Waters has shown the destroying effects that casual littering has on creatures. In one image called “your convenience is their extinction”, a sea turtle's shell is hollowed out(掏空) and filled with banana skins, soda cans, and other debris.‎ ‎    “It is shocking the amount of trash in the oceans,” Waters, 23, said, describing his project which he has begun a campaign to the WWF. “When you leave litter on the beach,you are treating the ocean like a trash can. When you throw trash over the side of a boat, you're treating the ocean like a trash can. And when you leave litter at a beach festival or party, it's the same.Obviously it would be impossible to clean the oceans but I felt I had to try something.”Waters explained that he, like many other Westerners, has always been aware of environmental concerns but did not begin to do something about i.‎ ‎     The turning point came as he visited Malaysia with his girlfriend last year. He reached the shore to find piles of trash.But it was beautiful, the smell of the air, of the ocean.I had a strong feeling for it after I started researching trash in the ocean. A few months later, he came across the video of a sea turtle in obvious agony(痛苦) with a drinking straw stuck up its nostrils(鼻孔).That video inspired the first of Waters' three images. “Sea turtles are such gentle creatures. I felt sick watching that video.Trash left on a beach by humans caused so much pain and suffering.These animals don't have voices so we've got to speak up for them.” he added.‎ 10‎ ‎   Waters has not yet received a response from WWF regarding his images.For now, he says, he is inspired to develop more campaigns that raise awareness of environmental concerns.‎ ‎1.What can be found in the sea turtle's shell according to the passage? A.Some ice cream. B.Some drawings. C.Some litter. D.Some creatures. 2.Why did the turtle in the video seem very painful? A.Because its nostrils were full of cigarette butts. B.Because it had been poisoned and seemed to be dying. C.Because most of its body parts had been injured seriously. D.Because there was a drinking straw stuck up its nostrils. 3.Water's trying something aims to ________. A.make the polluted ocean become clean B.remind people awareness of ocean pollution C.improve his skill of drawing pictures D.get some support from the WWF 参考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.B 解析： 1.[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句的filled with banana skins, soda cans, and other debris可知在海龟的身体里填满了香蕉皮、苏打水瓶子和其他垃圾。] 2.[细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句的with a drinking straw stuck up its nostrils可知是海龟鼻孔的吸管让它难受的。] 3.[推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句Waters explained that he, like many other Westerners, has always been aware of environmental concerns可知他通过自己的努力来引起其他人对海洋环境的关注。]‎ 10‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.‎ 答案：is regarded　当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。‎ ‎2．He was observed by officers ________(drive) at 90 miles per hour.‎ 答案：driving　observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.ing表示动作正在进行。‎ ‎3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)．‎ 答案：to apologize　intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。‎ ‎4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________(achieve) for one so young.‎ 答案：achievement　a remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。‎ ‎5．With our teacher ________(support) us, we feel quite encouraged.‎ 答案：supporting　support “支持”前有With, 因此应使用所填词的非谓语动词形式，且teacher和support构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填supporting。‎ ‎6．He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________(buy) it.‎ 答案：buying/to buy　It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。‎ ‎7．The little boy's bad ________(behave) at the party made his parents upset.‎ 答案：behaviour　behaviour “行为”是名词，此处作主语。‎ ‎8．Tolerance consists in ________(respect) the opinions of others.‎ 答案：respecting　句意：宽容在于尊重别人的观点。介词后应用动词ing形式。‎ ‎9．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________(entertain)．‎ 答案：entertainment　介词of后应为名词entertainment “娱乐活动；娱乐”。‎ ‎10．What I would like to do today is to advance an ________(argue) and see what you make of it.‎ 答案：argument　由an可知，应填argument名词“论点”。‎ 三、完形填空 When I was just out of college，I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock(证券)Exchange.‎ 10‎ Though it was a proud __1__，the job was simply too physically __2__—I must stand in a crowd every day，which often __3__ me in a mindset(思维模式)that held me back.‎ Manhattan is a walking town and it's difficult to __4__ when you have a disability.Taxies are expensive and riding the subway __5__ dozens of steep steps to get below the __6__.This left me only one __7__—the bus.‎ One night，after the __8__ for my job，I was aching with selfpity __9__ it started to rain on my walk to the bus stop.I became more and more __10__ without an umbrella，thinking I'd never __11__ it in this city and telling myself，“this city is just too hard” and “maybe it is just not possible for a guy like me”．‎ And then，I __12__ the most beautiful，short moment.A couple came rolling by on roller skates，hand __13__ hand as they skated what seemed like the tango.They were all wet but they saw the __14__ as an opportunity and romance.‎ I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I __15__ have missed this beauty __16__ if I had been in a taxi or on the subway.This，although __17__，was an important moment on my journey to discover the __18__ of achieving health and happiness.When I change my mindset，__19__ for a moment，to what is possible and work to get rid of the selflimiting beliefs that __20__ my daily actions，I will be on the road to a healthier，happier life.‎ ‎1．A.adjustment B．achievement C．agreement D．treatment ‎2．A.tiring B．boring C．relaxing D．disappointing ‎3．A.reminded B．expected C．took D．left ‎4．A.go up B．get around C．set off D．show up ‎5．A.requests B．supports C．requires D．surrounds ‎6．A.ground B．street C．town D．city ‎7．A.change B．chance C．idea D．choice ‎8．A.struggle B．work 10‎ C．experience D．influence ‎9．A.before B．while C．when D．after ‎10．A.nervous B．curious C．scared D．upset ‎11．A.get B．make C．put D．watch ‎12．A.recalled B．observed C．witnessed D．realized ‎13．A.on B．by C．to D．in ‎14．A.rain B．tree C．wind D．cloud ‎15．A.shall B．would C．need D．must ‎16．A.exactly B．instantly C．entirely D．suddenly ‎17．A.strange B．small C．normal D．different ‎18．A.humor B．honesty C．power D．principle ‎19．A.still B．yet C．also D．even ‎20．A.affect B．follow C．forbid D．harm ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面，作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。文章告诉我们改变思维模式的重要性。‎ ‎【核心词汇】go up上升　get around四处走动 set off出发　show up出现，到场 ‎1．B　根据第一段中的“I managed to get my dream job”可知，作者毕业后找到了自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选B项，achievement意为“成就”。adjustment“调节”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治疗，对待”。‎ ‎2．A　根据本句中的“I must stand in a crowd every 10‎ ‎ day”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选A项，tiring意为“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。‎ ‎3．D　根据语境可知“我每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让我有想退缩的思维模式”。“leave＋sh.＋宾补”表示“让某人……”，故选D项。remind“提醒”；expect“预期”。‎ ‎4．B　根据上文的“Manhattan is a walking town”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区，所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(get around)的。go up“上升”；set off“出发”；show up“出现，到场”。‎ ‎5．C　根据语境可知，出租车很贵，乘坐地铁需要(requires)走下几十个陡峭的台阶才能到达地下。request“请求”；support“支持”；surround“围绕”。‎ ‎6．A　根据本句中的“the subway”以及常识可知，人们在地面(ground)下乘坐地铁，故选A项。‎ ‎7．D　句意：这让我只有一种选择——公共汽车。根据上文提到的交通方式都不适合作者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择(choice)。‎ ‎8．A　句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候又下起了雨。根据语境可推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“经历”；influence“影响”。‎ ‎9．C　参见上题解析。when在此处表示“当……的时候”，符合语境。‎ ‎10．D　根据上文的“it started to rain”和空后的“without an umbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧(upset)。‎ ‎11．B　根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会取得成功了。make it是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，做成某事”。‎ ‎12．C　句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“观察”；witness“目睹”；realize“认识到”。‎ ‎13．D　句意：一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋，手拉着手，他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。hand in hand“手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故选D项。‎ ‎14．A　根据上文的“it started to rain”和“They were all wet”可知，虽然他们身上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨(rain)当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。‎ ‎15．B　句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由if引导的对过去的虚拟句，结构为“if＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should/would /could＋have＋过去分词”，所以选B项。‎ ‎16．C　根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选C项。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，马上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。‎ 10‎ ‎17．B　虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“不同的”，故选B项。‎ ‎18．C　根据语境可知，作者看到的这一幕给了作者力量。humor“幽默”；honesty“诚实，正直”；power“力量”；principle“原则”。‎ ‎19．D　句意：当我改变我的思维模式去做可能的事情，并努力摆脱那些影响我日常行为的自我限制的信念时，即使是片刻，我都将会走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。根据句意可知，此处表示“即使”。still“仍然”；yet“还，然而”；also“也，而且”；even“即使”。‎ ‎20．A　根据语境可知，此处表示“影响(affect)我日常行为的自我限制的信念”。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．After his death, his children will certainly carry out his career.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：out→on　carry on “继续；坚持”。‎ ‎2．It didn't occur to me he would refuse my invitation.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：me后加that　It didn't/doesn't occur to sb. that “某人没有想到”。‎ ‎3．If you fail to delivery the goods according to the agreed time, you should be fined.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：delivery→deliver　fail to do sth. “没有做某事”，deliver the goods “送货”，delivery是名词。‎ ‎4．You should refer this matter with our teacher for a decision.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：with→to　refer sth. to sb. “把某事交给某人(解决)”。‎ ‎5．We fear that local students would look down at and bully our children.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：at→on/upon　look down on/upon “瞧不起；看不起”。‎ 五、七选五 Ways to get rid of jealousy ‎ Jealousy is like a poison. It is difficult to avoid such moments in life. Sometimes, this feeling comes from the sensation of envy that we tend to experience 10‎ ‎ when we notice others ＂better＂ lives, appearances, successes, and so on. 　1 　. It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction. Here are some tips to help get rid of jealousy.‎ Be confident.‎ Not all of us are born with confidence. It takes years of practice to find self-assurance. Follow the ‘fake it till you makes it’s method. 　 2 　Day by day, confidence forms. If you feel confident in yourself, you are less likely to feel inferior to others.‎ Don’t compare yourself.‎ Comparison is the most significant aspect of jealousy. If you are able to avoid comparing yourself to others, you will experience a new-found sense of freedom.‎ A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection. 　 3 　We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.‎ ‎　 4 　‎ When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well puts your life into perspective, which is always a plus! A positive spin can be placed on almost anything that you may see as a negative event. There is always a way to find a positive angle.‎ Make a healthy change.‎ Most of us wish to change, especially faced with something that we are forced to accept. However, most of the things that people tend to feel jealous about can in fact change in a healthy way. If you feel jealous of someone else’s accomplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it. 　 5 　‎ A. Act positively.‎ B. Think positively.‎ C. Jealousy is like a snake.‎ D. Jealousy has the potential to kill happiness .‎ E. Use the feelings of jealousy as motivation to improve yourself.‎ 10‎ F. If you take it as a part of your routine, it will gradually become natural to you.‎ G. Use your weakness as a learning experience, rather than as a chance to make you feel bad.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了嫉妒对人们的危害，并给人们提出了摆脱嫉妒的三点建议。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】根据前文的＂Jealousy is like a poison.＂及空后的＂It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction.＂可知嫉妒就像毒药，它会毁掉关系、友谊和满足感，故此处应指嫉妒有扼杀幸福的潜在力量。故选D。‎ ‎ 3.G 【解析】根据前文的＂A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection.＂（通过重视不完美是一个很好的方法）及空后＂We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.＂（整个一生中，我们都在不断地成长和改进，这也正是失败的价值所在。）可知此处应指我们应该把我们的不足当成一种学习的经历，而不是让它成为让我们感觉糟糕的因素。故选G。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】根据段落中的＂When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well…＂（当你感觉郁闷时，让自己想一想自己身上积极的品质。回忆一下你擅长的事情……）可知，本段的主题应是思想要积极。故选B。‎ ‎5.E 【解析】根据前文的＂If you feel jealous of someone else’s accomplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it.＂（如果你对别人的成绩感到嫉妒时，要把它作为更加努力地工作去实现自己目标的动力。只要记住，如果你想要的改变是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此处应指我们应该把嫉妒感当成自我发展的动力。故选E。‎ 10‎ 10‎