【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：科教科普类 17页

科教科普类 ‎1、How to Study Smarter, Not Harder ‎    Here are some of our favorite study tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder:‎ ‎    Recite As You Study ‎ ‎    Reciting — saying things out loud should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section. Test yourself. This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening. It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.‎ ‎    Take Fuller Notes ‎ ‎    Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear. They should be tidy and easy to read. Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.‎ ‎    Study the Middle ‎ ‎    The best time to review is soon after you've learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review.‎ ‎    Sleep On It ‎ ‎    Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It's easier to remember material you have just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you've fallen asleep.‎ ‎    Combine Memory and Understanding ‎ ‎    There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding. Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote. Ideas are best learned by understanding.‎ ‎    The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have; the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it. Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts, and then try to understand how they fit in with things you already know. Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading. If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again.‎ ‎1.You can notice your mistakes by ________. A.studying the middle B.taking notes C.speaking things out aloud D.sleeping on it 2.When taking notes, you should ________to better help you with reading. A.underline important notes B.write as quickly as possible C.take down every detail D.write notes in your own words 3.The writer advises you to ________ as it is easier for you to remember material. A.study before going to sleep B.do some exercise after studying C.study as soon as you get up D.study after a period of activity 4.Which of the following is NOT helpful for your understanding? A.Thinking about an idea in different ways. B.Reading from the beginning to the end without stop. C.Relating ideas and concepts with what you already know. D.Going back to what first made you confused and start again.‎ ‎2、 The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.     However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard(蜥蜴) native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward For humans to do this, we’d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to ‎ create adequate “hitting”.     But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.     Fun though all this may sound, it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward! 1.Walking on water hasn’t become a reality mainly because humans _____. A.are not interested in it B.have biological limitations C.have not invented proper tools D.are afraid to make an attempt 2.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage? A.It is light enough to walk on water. B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water. C.It can run across water at a certain speed. D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water. 3.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage? A.To create a thick liquid. B.To turn the water into solid. C.To help the liquid behave normally. D.To enable the water to move rapidly. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of humans’ walking on water? A.It is risky but beneficial. B.It is interesting and worth trying. C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality. D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.‎ ‎3、Plastic-Eating Worms ‎    Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.‎ ‎    Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.‎ ‎    Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. "Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, "she explains, "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. "‎ ‎    Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?‎ ‎    Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."‎ ‎1.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food. B.They are newly evolved creatures. C.They can consume plastics. D.They wind up in landfills. 2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to________. A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed 3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might _______. A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms. B.To introduce the diet of a special worm. C.To present a way to break down plastics. D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.‎ ‎4 、Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.     “Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men tend to be ‎ competitive. They are trying to improve their social status,” said Professor Ryan.     Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.     But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.     Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.     Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.      Half of the participants(参与者) received oxytocin. The other half received placebo(安慰剂).      After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.     Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.     The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.     Professor Ryan thus concluded: “Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors(因素) that are mainly hormonal.” 1.What causes men and women to behave differently according tothe text? A.Placebo. B.Oxytocin. C.The gesture. D.The social status. 2.What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s previous experiment? A.Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way. B.Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in ‎ love. C.Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others’ success. D.Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people’s behavior differences. 3.Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment? A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions. B.To know the differences between friendship and competition. C.To know people’s different abilities to answer questions. D.To test people’s understanding of body language. 4.The author develops the text by        . A.explaining people’s behaviors B.describing his own experiences C.distinguishing sexual differences D.discussing research experiments ‎5、    Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测) in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.‎ ‎    Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the worlds changing some living patterns, scientists say.‎ ‎    Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.‎ ‎    “Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology," said the researchers of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.‎ ‎    The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1, 634 species. lt found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.‎ ‎    “Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance一for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases," the study said.‎ ‎    The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.‎ ‎    Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.‎ ‎    Scientists believe the world's average temperature has risen by about 0.8°C since 1900, and nearly 0.2°C every ten years since 1979.‎ ‎    So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2°C this century一a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.‎ ‎1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1? A.Plants' reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems. B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists' expectation. C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns. D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather. 2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that _______. A.plants' flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing B.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents C.scientists should improve the design of the experiments D.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change 3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _________. A.they can prove the climate change clearly B.they are very important in the food chains C.they play a leading role in reducing global warming D.they are growing and flowering much faster than before 4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world's temperature? A.It has risen nearly 0.2°C since 1979. B.Its change will lead to weather extremes. C.It is 0.8°C higher in 1979 than that of 1900. D.It needs to be controlled within 2°C in this century.‎ ‎6、We take it for granted that with memory we can remember most of things which happened in our life. But it is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions (感知), the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.‎ Memory can be defined as the ability to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic (算术) or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way one typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.‎ Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words” - strings of alphabetic or numerical characters - ready for instant use. An averageU.S.teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 1,000,000 words of English. However, this is but a part of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.‎ The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. Words and combinations of words are a large part of a person’s memory. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.‎ ‎1.What can we know about memory? A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every day. B.It's based on the decisions we made in the past. C.It's rooted in our past habits and skills. D.It connects our past experiences with the present. 2.Which statement might the author NOT agree with about memory? A.It involves a change in one's behavior. B.It keeps information for later ‎ use. C.It warns people not to do things repeatedly. D.It enables one to remember past events. 3.What is the major characteristic of man’s memory capacity? A.It can be expanded by language. B.It can remember all the combined words. C.It may keep all the information in the past. D.It may change what has been stored in it. 4.What makes human beings different from other animals? A.The ability to perceive danger. B.A far greater memory capacity. C.The use of past experiences. D.The ability to recognize faces and places on sight.‎ ‎7、    Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?     UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact the opposite is true: trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.     Nitrogen(氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.     Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we ate reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.     “We didn't take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the ‎ forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future. 1.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees _____. A.compete for survival B.protect their own wealth C.depend on each other D.provide support for dying trees 2.“Mother trees” are extremely important because they _____. A.look the largest in size in the forest B.pass on nutrition to young trees C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans D.know more about the complex "tree societies" 3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _____. A.how "tree societies" work B.how trees grow old C.how forestry industry develops D.how young trees survive 4.What would be the best title for the passage? A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection C.Trees Are More Awesome(了不起) Than You Think D.Trees Benefit Our Society ‎8、Not long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregivers. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings. One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman. Then, they ‎ played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was born, the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.‎ ‎    The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.‎ ‎    Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere(干预) unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of depression. The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.‎ ‎    These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did better when their mothers were caring, even when they suffered from depression.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the factor that influences intelligence development in babies? A.The environment. B.Their peers C.Mother’s sensitivity D.Education before birth 2.What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories? A.To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born B.To show mothers can strongly influence intelligence development in their babies C.To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies’ language ‎ skills D.To prove that babies can learn before they are born 3.Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills? A.The children of women who did not suffer from depression B.The children of depressed but caring mothers C.The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children D.Children with high communication abilities 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies B.Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth C.Scientific findings about how time has an effect on babies’ intelligence D.A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are five or six months old ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.B 解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.”这是在文章中第一个技巧中提到的“Reciting — saying things out loud”故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.”可知记笔记的时候用自己的话有助于阅读能力的提高。故选D。 3.推理判断题。根据文中第五段可知,在睡前学习有助于记忆。故选A。 4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句话“The best time to review is soon after you’ve learned something.”可知在学了一会之后就应该开始复习,而不是从头读到尾。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D 解析：‎ ‎ 1.【语篇导读】文章主要讲述了人类不能在水上行走的原因,后来从动物身上得到了启示,找到了在水上行走的方法,但还并未付诸实践。 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing...we simply weigh too much...”可知答案为B项。 2.细节理解题。由第二段的“...by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.”可知答案为C项。 3.细节理解题。由第三段第二句“By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water...”可知答案为 A 项。 4.细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知,虽然这听起来很有趣,然而这很麻烦只是在理论上读起来可行而在实践上却行不通。 【长难句分析】Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.不幸的是,生理事实阻止了我们在没有人工的帮助下完成这样的事情(在水上行走)——仅仅因为我们太重了,我们所有的重量都压在我们相对来说很小的脚上,这会产生很大的压力,从而使我们沉下去。该句为复合句。and连接两个并列句;在后一个句子中,现在分词短语resulting in...作结果状语;结果状语中又含有that引导的定语从句修饰pressure。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C 解析：‎ 本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟,它胃中的酶能够降解塑料,这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。‎ ‎1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.可知,研究结果发现,蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料,也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。‎ ‎2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?可知,下一步研究是辨清分解的原因,查明这种酶来源于哪里,是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。‎ ‎3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."可以推断出,Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用,而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。‎ ‎4. 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.可知,有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."可知,Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。‎ 点睛:根据不同文体,推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,通常作者的写作目的有以下三种:1) to entertain readers(娱乐读者,让人发笑),常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点),常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers(告知读者某些信息),多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。本题的最后一题为写作意图题。文章为说明文,主要介绍了一项新的研究发现---蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推着写作意图是告知、告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D 解析：‎ ‎ 1.本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。文章通过Ryan教授的实验得知:荷尔蒙催生素可以使人们更好地辨别不同社交互动的能力,男女行为的不同主要是由荷尔蒙生理因素引起的。 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知:虽然荷尔蒙催生素被认为是爱情荷尔蒙,但是它对男女有不同的影响。所以答案是B项。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段可知:在先前的实验里Ryan教授发现,在消极的社交互动中,比如妒忌,荷尔蒙也可以在我们身体里被释放。所以答案为C项(当我们对别人的成功感到不高兴时,我们的身体也会释放荷尔蒙催生素)。 3.细节理解题。根据第五段可知:进一步的研究表明,荷尔蒙催生素可以提高男性认识竞争关系的能力,但是它可以提升女性认识友谊的能力。通过这个研究结果可以推断出来Ryan教授做这个实验的目的是检测荷尔蒙催生素对人们在认识社交互动能力方面的影响,故选A项。 4.推理判断题。第一段中提到Researchers have found...,第四段提到先前实验的发现,剩下文章详细介绍了最近实验的具体过程和结果,所以可以推断出作者是通过讨论研究实验来写这篇文章的,故选D项。 【长难句分析】The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.结果表明,在注入了催生素后,男性正确识别竞争关系的能力提高了,但是在女性方面,正确识别友谊的能力变得更强了。该句为复合句。that引导宾语从句,after treatment with oxytocin为插入语,it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better为强调句,被强调部分为the ability to correctly recognize friendship。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D 解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第一段 “Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测) in reaction to climate change... 可知本题应选择B项。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering..."以及第七段 “The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict...”可知,本题应选择C项。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后句“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains...”可知,本题选择B项。 4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“...beyond 2°C this century a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate…leading to drought, floods...”可知,必须将上升温度控制在2°C以内才可能不会出现危险状况,故选择D项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C 解析：1.【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了树也和动物一样可以相互交流、传递财富。 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的句子:trees survive through their co-operation and support,‎ ‎ passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it” 可知上文提到达尔文的适者生存的理论,而相反的是树是彼此依赖的,因此选C。 2.推理判断题。根据文章第五段的句子:She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.可知mother trees之所以重要是因为它们将营养传给小树,因此选B。 3.词义猜测题。it出现在文章最后一段:实际上it指代的是上一段提到的内容,人们砍倒快死的mother trees时不知道树的社会的依存关系,可知it指的是“树的社会”是怎么运作的,因此选A。 4.主旨大意题。整篇文章主要讲述了树也和动物一样可以相互交流、传递财富。 【长难句分析】She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.她解释了将死的树如何把财富传递给下一代,即把重要的矿物质传递给小树以便它们继续生长。该句为复合句。how引导宾语从句,transporting important minerals...作伴随状语,so前后为因果关系。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A 解析： 1.细节理解题。根据第二段,Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment.。可知婴儿的成长是受环境的影响的。可知选B。 2.细节理解题。根据问题实验中,婴儿听到这个故事的目的是什么?由文中第四段The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born.可知选D。 3.细节理解题。根据文中The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear可知.抑郁症的母亲的孩子的语言是最差的。故选C。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要是讲科学家如何开发婴儿的智力。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎