2020版高考英语总复习Unit3Traveljournal 人教版必修1 22页

Unit 3　Travel journal Step 1　课前准备——单元考点　自查自测 ‎1.词汇分层级识记过关　2.语境活用填写过关　3.经典句式背诵仿写过关　4.类词巧积累事半功倍 ‎(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用 ‎(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用 22‎ ‎(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵 Step 2　课堂探究——核心考点　点点突破 22‎ ‎1.重点难点考点学通练透　2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野　3.方法规律技巧权威点拨　4.面面俱到打创高效课堂 第一时段　Warming up & Reading ‎1．prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)‎ ‎[教材原句]　Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train?‎ 你愿意用哪种交通方式：公共汽车还是火车？‎ ‎(1)prefer (sb.) to do sth. 更喜欢(某人)做……‎ ‎(2)prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.‎ 宁愿(做)某事……也不愿(做)某事 ‎(3)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.‎ ‎＝would rather do sth. than do sth.‎ 宁可……也不……‎ ‎(4)prefer that... should do sth.　　宁愿……‎ ‎(5)preference n. 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物 have a preference for 对……偏爱 单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)You prefer healthy food ________ fast food.‎ ‎②Nowadays many children prefer ________(surf) the Internet at home to ________(take) exercise outdoors.‎ ‎③As parents, you should not show ________(prefer) to any one of your children.‎ 完成句子 ‎④________________ with his mother, he __________ always on the phone, sleep, stay in his room or go out with his friends.‎ 他更喜欢打电话，睡觉，待在房间里或和朋友外出而不是和母亲说说话。‎ ‎[答案]　①to　②surfing; taking　③preference ‎④Rather than talk; prefers to be ‎[方法规律]　(1)prefer不用于进行时。‎ ‎(2)prefer相当于like... better，所以prefer不可与比较级连用。‎ ‎(3)prefer的过去式和分词形式要双写r。‎ ‎2．disadvantage n．不利条件；不便之处 ‎[教材原句]　Think about the advantages and disadvantages of each form of transport and fill in the following chart.‎ 思考每种交通方式的有利条件和不利条件，并填写以下表格。‎ ‎　‎ 22‎ ‎(1)at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 to one's disadvantage 对某人不利 put sb. at a disadvantage 使某人处于不利地位 ‎(2)advantage n. 优势；优点；好处 take advantage of 利用 have an advantage over 胜过；优于 单句语法填空 ‎①Li Ning's designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage __________ their better－known rivals—they were cheaper.‎ ‎②His rich experience at the job put me ________ a disadvantage.‎ 单句写作 ‎③我们应该利用我们的优势，竭力避免我们的劣势。‎ We should ________________ our advantages and try to avoid our disadvantages.‎ ‎[答案]　①over　②at　③take advantage of ‎3．persuade vt.说服；劝说 ‎[教材原句]　Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.‎ 两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地车，然后说服我也买了一辆。‎ 说服某人做某事 说服某人不做某事 ‎(4)manage to persuade sb. to do sth.‎ 设法成功地说服某人做某事 ‎(5)persuasive adj. 有说服力的 ‎(6)persuasion n. 说服(力)‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I finally managed to persuade her ____________(go) out for a drink with me.‎ ‎②Don't let yourself ________________(persuade) into buying things you don't want.‎ 单句写作 ‎③我试图说服他戒烟，但徒劳了。‎ I ____________________________________/________________‎ give up smoking, but in vain.‎ ‎[答案]　①to go　②be persuaded　③tried to persuade him to; advised him to 22‎ ‎4．determined adj.有决心的；坚决的 ‎[教材原句]　She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.‎ 她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。‎ ‎(1)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 ‎(2)determine vt. 决定；确定；下定决心 determine to do sth. 决定做某事 determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定……‎ determine that... 决定……‎ ‎(3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚定地；果断地 单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, ________(determine) to test my own theory on this.‎ ‎②If you are determined ________(go) to college, you must study with ________(determine)．‎ 完成句子 ‎③I _________________________________________ as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.‎ 我已决定毕业后到农村支教。‎ ‎[答案]　①determined　②to go; determination　③have determined on/upon working ‎5．care about关心；忧虑；惦念 ‎[教材原句]　Of course she hadn't; my sister doesn't care about details.‎ 当然她没有看过(地图)；我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。‎ care for 喜欢；照顾 take care 当心 take care of 照料；处理 with care 小心地 单句语法填空 ‎①The text is especially helpful for those who care ________ their body shape.‎ ‎②He handled the instrument ________ care for fear that it should be damaged.‎ 完成句子 ‎③I _____________________________ the price, so long as the 22‎ car is in good condition.‎ 我不计较价钱，只要车状态良好就行了。‎ ‎[答案]　①about　②with　③don't care about ‎6．give in屈服；投降；让步；上交 ‎[教材原句]　Finally, I had to give in.‎ 最后，我只好让步了。‎ give in to sb. 向某人投降/屈服/让步 give out 分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽 give up 放弃；认输 give off 放出；发出(光、热、气味等)‎ give away 泄露；赠送 单句语法填空 ‎①The children were required to give ________ their examination papers immediately.‎ ‎②If plastic and rubber are burnt, they'll give ________ poisonous gases.‎ ‎③The authorities have shown no signs of giving in ________ the kidnappers' demand.‎ 单句写作 ‎④简尽力保持平静的表情，但颤抖的声音出卖了她。‎ Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice ________________.‎ ‎[答案]　①in　②off　③to　④gave her away ‎[易错提醒]　give in作“上交”讲时，为及物动词，其后可直接加宾语；作“让步；投降”讲时，为不及物动词，其后加介词to，再接宾语。‎ ‎7．insist后的宾语从句 ‎[教材原句]　Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.‎ 虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。‎ ‎(1)insist表示“坚持要求”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎①Mary insisted that the doctor who operated on her husband ____________ full responsibility for this medical accident.‎ 玛丽坚持要求给她丈夫做手术的医生为这次医疗事故负全责。‎ ‎(2)表示“坚持认为；坚持说”时，从句用陈述语气。‎ 22‎ ‎②My husband and I insisted that our children __________________ to make their beds.‎ 丈夫和我坚持认为我们的孩子已足够大可以自己铺床了。‎ ‎(3)insist on (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事。‎ ‎③The man ________________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.‎ 尽管我告诉他我就住在附近，但这位男子坚持为我找辆出租车。‎ ‎[答案]　①(should) take　②were old enough ‎③insisted on finding ‎8．“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构 ‎[教材原句]　When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.‎ 当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。‎ the air would be hard to breathe是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，此结构须具备两个前提条件：‎ ‎(1)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。‎ ‎①This machine ________________________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.‎ 这台机器很容易操作，任何人几分钟就能学会使用。‎ ‎(2)不定式与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。‎ ‎②The room is pleasant ______________， because it is large and bright.‎ 这房间住起来令人舒适，因为它宽敞明亮。‎ ‎③The armchair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable ________________.‎ 这把椅子看上去很硬，但事实上坐在上面很舒服。‎ ‎[答案]　①is very easy to operate　②to live in　③to sit in 语境串考点 ‎(语法填空)‎ Once Li Yang makes 1.____________ his mind, nobody can change 2.____________(he) mind. He is fond of 3.____________(travel), so he determines 4.____________(cycle) to Qinghai with his friend Lin Tao. But Lin Tao prefers 5.____________(drive) rather than 6.____________(cycle) and he doesn't want to give 7.____________.‎ 22‎ Li Yang often reads information about Qinghai and is familiar with it, so he told Lin Tao the 8.____________(disadvantage) of cycling. 9.____________(final) he persuaded Lin Tao 10.____________(change) his mind.‎ ‎[答案]　1.up　2.his　3.travelling　4.to cycle　5.to drive　6.cycle　7.in　8.advantages　9.Finally　10.to change 第二时段　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎1．reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 ‎[教材原句]　She is very reliable and I knew I didn't need to encourage her.‎ 她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。‎ ‎(1)rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠 rely on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事 rely on it that... 相信……‎ ‎(2)unreliable adj. 不可靠的 单句语法填空 ‎①We are looking for someone who is ________(rely) and hard－working.‎ ‎②He is an honest man whom you can rely ________.‎ 单句写作 ‎③当你处境困难时，你可以指望他来帮助你。‎ You can ________________ he'll help you when you are in trouble.‎ ‎[答案]　①reliable　②on/upon　③rely on/upon it that ‎2．view n．风景；视野；观点；见解　vt.观看；注视；考虑 ‎[教材原句]　To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view.‎ 上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周时，(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊奇。‎ have/get a good view of 好好欣赏/观看 in one's view/opinion 在某人看来 point of view 观点；态度 in view of 由于；鉴于；考虑到 out of view 看不见；在视野之外 come into view 进入视野；被看见 写出下列句中view的含义 22‎ ‎①Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view.____________‎ ‎②He climbed up to the top of the church tower to get a better view of the entire city.____________‎ ‎③When the old man opened the window, a stranger with a high hat came into view.____________‎ ‎④Try to view the thing objectively.____________‎ 完成句子 ‎⑤________________ the shortage of rain, the crops dried up.‎ 由于缺雨，庄稼干枯了。‎ ‎[答案]　①观点　②风景　③视野　④考虑　⑤In view of ‎3．put up支起；举起；张贴；建起；为……提供食宿 ‎[教材原句]　We put up our tent and then we eat.‎ 我们搭起帐篷然后就吃东西。‎ put aside 放在一边；储存；保留 put away 放好；收好 put down 写下；记下；镇压 put forward 提出；推荐；把……提前 put off 延期；推迟 单句语法填空 ‎①The next morning a notice was put ________ on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist.‎ ‎②I've invited friends to supper and it's too late to put it ________ now.‎ ‎③He put ________ a good idea at the meeting.‎ ‎④He put ________ some money for his old age.‎ ‎[答案]　①up　②off　③forward　④aside ‎4．“no matter how”句式 ‎[教材原句]　A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.‎ 一个意志坚定的人，无论工作多艰难，总是设法完成。‎ ‎(1)no matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”，此时可用however代替。‎ ‎①________________ the problem is, I'll try my best to solve it.‎ 无论这个问题多难，我会尽力去解决它。‎ ‎(2)“no 22‎ ‎ matter＋特殊疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句，可与wh－ever等词互换。‎ ‎②________________ you do, I'll support you.‎ 无论你做什么，我都会支持你。‎ ‎(3)whatever, whichever, whoever也可引导名词性从句。‎ ‎③You can take ________________.‎ 你喜欢哪一个就可以拿走哪一个。‎ ‎[答案]　①No matter how/However difficult　②Whatever/No matter what　③whichever you like ‎[知识顾问]　“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，而wh－ever既能引导让步状语从句，也能引导名词性从句。‎ 语境串考点 ‎(短文改错)‎ ‎　　As usually, I arrive at home at seven p．m. But last night I got home at the midnight, because of the heavy rain. The weather forecast was not rely. I didn't take my raincoat. Although it is summer, the rain made me to have a bad cold. I drank much boiling water. My parents cared about myself and asked me take some medicine. I had to give in them. At the present, I am feeling much well.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ As ， I arrive at home at seven p．m. But last night I got home at midnight, because of the heavy rain. The weather forecast was not . I didn't take my raincoat. Although it is summer, the rain made me have a bad cold. I drank much water. My parents cared about and asked me take some medicine. I had to give in them. At present, I am feeling much .‎ Step 3　课后演练——知识能力　链接高考 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Geography ________(determined) language evolution.‎ ‎[答案]　determines ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the ________(disadvantage)．‎ ‎[答案]　disadvantaged 22‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education ________(organize) at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.‎ ‎[答案]　organization ‎4．(2017·北京卷)Several days later, when the video was played on the ________(graduate) ceremony, it was well received.‎ ‎[答案]　graduation ‎5．Although he was very tired, he went to school ________ usual.‎ ‎[答案]　as ‎6．Alice shows ________(prefer) for one of her pupils.‎ ‎[答案]　preference ‎7．He is scheduled ________(give) a speech tomorrow, hoping all of the students will attend it.‎ ‎[答案]　to give ‎8．(2016·江苏卷)I hold a positive attitude ________ online voting.‎ ‎[答案]　to/towards ‎9．They insisted that the man ________(steal) money and ________(send) to the police station.‎ ‎[答案]　had stolen; (should) be sent ‎10．He has never come back ever ________ he left.‎ ‎[答案]　since Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The scientist prefers going to work on foot every day to drive his car.____________‎ ‎[答案]　drive→driving ‎2．In my view, the new flat is very comfortable to live.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在live后加in ‎3．It was Mrs. Li that made me changed my mind and begin to study hard, which I really appreciate.____________‎ ‎[答案]　changed→change ‎4．The teacher could hardly wait see her students after such a long summer.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在see前加to ‎5．While he was rescuing survivors in the ruins, little did he care for his safety, though he was in great danger.____________‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　for→about ‎6．Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to being underlined before class.____________‎ ‎[答案]　being→be ‎7．Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on the schedule.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉the ‎8．He persuaded her to stop smoking but failed.____________‎ ‎[答案]　persuaded→advised ‎9．Determining, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.____________‎ ‎[答案]　Determining→Determined ‎10．(2017·浙江卷)Willams' two books helped Benjamin to make up his mind to being a painter.____________‎ ‎[答案]　being→be Ⅲ.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子 ‎1．_________________________________________(自从她们搬到这间 公寓以来), Mary and Alice have been good partners.(ever since)‎ ‎[答案]　Ever since they moved to this apartment ‎2．Stella _________________________________________(迫不及待地见她的家 人) after such a long and tiring journey.(can't wait to do)‎ ‎[答案]　couldn't wait to/could hardly wait to see her families ‎3．尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。(主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式)‎ Although the lady looks elegant, actually _____________________.‎ ‎[答案]　she is difficult to deal with ‎4．他还坚决要求他们应该为孩子们留有足够的空间。(insist that...)‎ He also insisted that they ________________ enough space for children.‎ ‎[答案]　should leave ‎5．不管有多晚，他母亲总是等他。(no matter how/however)‎ ‎_____________________， his mother is always waiting for him.‎ ‎[答案]　No matter how/However late it is ‎6．_______________________________________(一旦你给别人承诺), youmust carry it out no matter what will happen.(once条件状语从句)‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　Once you give somebody a promise 高考题型分组训练 阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ Washington, D．C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.‎ Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world－famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D. C．. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!‎ Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours(4 miles)‎ Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D. C．. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.‎ CapitalCity Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.‎ Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.‎ Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours(7 miles)‎ Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D. C．. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo 22‎ ‎ taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了在华盛顿特区的四个自行车旅行的行程。‎ ‎1．Which tour do you need to book in advance?‎ A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.‎ B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.‎ C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.‎ D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第一个行程中的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability...”可知，Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.之旅是需要提前预约的。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎2．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?‎ A．Meet famous people.‎ B．Go to a national park.‎ C．Visit well－known museums.‎ D．Enjoy interesting stories.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据题干中的Capital City Bike Tour可定位到第三个行程中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents...”可知在Capital City Bike Tour可以听到有趣的故事。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?‎ A．City maps. B．Cameras.‎ C．Meals. D．Safety lights.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据最后一个行程中的第一句“Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D．C.”和最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，在夜里旅行提供的设备是safety lights。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D B About three decades ago, China was known as the “BicycleKingdom”. But the two－wheeled transport's popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuel－powered competitors.‎ 22‎ But recent months have seen a renaissance of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike－sharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level. According to data from iResearch Consulting Group, the first week of this year saw 5.85 million active users of Mobike while Ofo had 1.4 million active users.‎ People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones. The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public places for the next user. They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective answer to the “last mile” problem, which refers to a person's final journey. “In places where the subway doesn't reach and where it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another, it's so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike，” Hu Hong, 29, said. She rides a bike to work.‎ However, the schemes have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism(故意破坏) and theft. “Bike－sharing is a greener method of transportation and provides a user friendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, Vice－Minister of Transport. “But it's a combination of online and offline business. Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience.”‎ In fact, these problems are also shared by bike－sharing schemes abroad. Set up in 2007, Vélib is a large－scale public bike－sharing system in Paris. By October, 2009, a large number of Vélib's initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft. Bikes were found hanging from lampposts(街灯柱) or thrown into the Seine River.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。共享单车在中国兴起，这种创新的交通方式让人们的出行变得更便利的同时也存在着诸多问题。‎ ‎4．What can we learn about Ofo and Mobike from the text?‎ 22‎ A．Their bikes are aimed at people who can't afford a car.‎ B．They are pioneers in the field of bike sharing in China.‎ C．There are 7.25 million people using their bikes this year.‎ D．No other bike－sharing system in the world can match theirs.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段的“The introduction of bike－sharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike”可知，Ofo和Mobike是最早把单车共享方案引入中国的公司，也就是说，它们是中国单车共享领域内的开辟者。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎5．Why are shared bikes convenient according to Hu Hong?‎ A．They can be shared by a lot of different people.‎ B．They allow people to use various forms of transport.‎ C．They are a useful addition to other means of transport.‎ D．They are accessible as long as people have smartphones.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。由第三段Hu Hong的话可知，在地铁到不了的地方和难以更换交通方式的地方，共享单车可以轻易地带你去任何你想去的地方；由此可以推知，她认为共享单车方便是因为它们是对其他交通方式有用的补充。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎6．What do we know about the existing problems with bike sharing?‎ A．They are actually universal phenomena.‎ B．They are brought by bike－sharing users.‎ C．They are mainly caused by the operators.‎ D．They are the results of illegal companies.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由最后两段尤其是最后一段的“these problems are also shared by bike－sharing schemes abroad”可知，单车共享存在的问题是一种国内外都普遍的现象。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎7．What could be the best title for the text?‎ A．What problems does bike sharing face in China?‎ B．Bike sharing: a new battle begins in China C．Why is bike sharing popular in China?‎ D．Bike sharing is booming in China ‎[解析]　标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了共享单车在中国兴起的情况，并说明了它的好处与随之而来的问题。‎ ‎[答案]　D 22‎ C ‎(2018·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Whenever something looks interesting or beautiful, there is a natural desire for us to capture(捕捉) and preserve it—which means，in this day and age, that we are likely to reach for our phones to take a picture.‎ Though this would seem to be an ideal solution, there are two big problems associated with taking pictures. Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures that we forget to look at the world whose beauty and interest encourage us to take a photograph in the first place. And secondly，because we feel the pictures are safely stored on our phones, we never get around to looking at them, so sure are we that we'll get around to them one day.‎ The first person to notice the problems was the English art critic(评论家), John Ruskin. He was a keen traveler who realized that most tourists make a poor job of noticing or remembering the beautiful things they see. He argued that humans have a natural tendency to respond to beauty and desire to have it, but there are better and worse expressions of this desire. At worst, we get into buying souvenirs or taking photographs. But, in Ruskin's eyes, there's just one thing we should do—attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.‎ Ruskin said, “Drawing can teach us to see: to notice properly rather than gaze absent－mindedly. In the process of recreating with our own hands what lies before our eyes, we naturally move from a position of observing beauty in a loose way to one where we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”‎ Ruskin deplored the blindness and hurry of modern tourists, especially those who prided themselves on traveling around the whole Europe in a week by train, “No changing of places at a hundred miles an hour will make us stronger, happier, or wiser. There was always more in the world than men could see, if they ever walked slowly; they will see it no better for going fast. The really precious things are thoughts and sights, not pace.”‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讨论了旅游中如何享受美景以及游客普遍存在的问题。‎ ‎8．According to Paragraph 2, when taking pictures, people tend to ________.‎ A．forget to appreciate something attractive on the spot B．find it hard to learn skills of taking good pictures C．find a good way to keep things in their minds 22‎ D．have a chance to meet the challenge of new technology ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures that we forget to look at the world whose beauty and interest encourage us to take a photograph in the first place.”可知，人们忙着拍照而忘了欣赏风景。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎9．According to Ruskin, what should travelers do to best express their appreciation of and desire for something beautiful?‎ A．To speak it out openly.‎ B．To photograph it instantly.‎ C．To purchase it immediately.‎ D．To paint it directly.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“But, in Ruskin's eyes, there's just one thing... have any talent for doing so.”可知，约翰·拉斯金认为，旅游者把自己看到的美景直接画下来就是对美景欣赏的最好表达。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎10．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that Ruskin encourages us to be ________.‎ A．considerate and determined B．active and adventurous C．creative and thoughtful D．sensitive and ambitious ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第四段的“In the process of recreating with our own hands... we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”可推知，约翰·拉斯金鼓励我们要有创造性，对景观要有深刻的理解。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎11．The underlined word “deplored” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．appreciated B．criticized C．favored D．ignored ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“the blindness and hurry of modern tourists”并结合约翰·拉斯金的主张可推知，deplore意为“批判，强烈反对”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B D 22‎ ‎(2018·北京卷)‎ My First Marathon(马拉松)‎ A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.‎ I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P．E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．‎ The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!‎ The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.‎ Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!‎ At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”‎ By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.‎ By mile 21, I was starving!‎ As I approached mile 23 , I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a. m. or questioned my expenses on running.‎ I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished ! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.‎ Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签) , I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文。“我”虽然没有运动天赋，但是通过坚持不懈的努力，“我”最终完成了自己的第一次马拉松。‎ ‎12．A month before the marathon, the author ________.‎ A．was well trained B．felt scared C．made up his mind to run D．lost hope 22‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Yet, I was determined to go ahead.”可知，“我”虽然脚踝受伤，但还是决定去参加马拉松。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎13．Why did the author mention the P．E.class in his 7th year?‎ A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.‎ B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.‎ C．To show he was not talented in sports.‎ D．To share a precious memory.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。体育课上老师对“我”的评价是“not athletic”，这从侧面证明了“我”不具备运动天赋，故选择C项。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎14．How was the author's first marathon?‎ A．He made it. 　 B．He quit halfway.‎ C．He got the first prize. 　 D．He walked to the end.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段前两句“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished！”可知，“我”完成了第一次马拉松，故选择A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎15．What does the story mainly tell us?‎ A．A man owes his success to his family support.‎ B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.‎ C．Failure is the mother of success.‎ D．One is never too old to learn.‎ ‎[解析]　主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’．”可知，这篇文章主要想告诉读者胜利者要具备挑战自我的精神和坚强的意志，故选择B项。‎ ‎[答案]　B Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空 ‎(2018·高考全国卷联考测评期中检测卷)Travelling itself is so beneficial for all of us because it simply expands our horizons and makes us realize the importance of exploring and not live in one place all the time. __1__ Here are the top reasons why you need to travel by yourself：‎ ‎1．You will get to know yourself better.‎ Once you are out there on the road on your own, you will be faced with decisions you need to make and discover your true self and how much you are capable of. __2__‎ 22‎ ‎ Once you are on your own. you will discover the importance of following and listening to your own heart.‎ ‎2．It will get you out of your comfort zone.‎ Going to unknown places will challenge you to learn how to rely on yourself at difficult times. __3__ Only by putting yourself out there, you will be able to explore this beautiful planet and discover many new and exciting places. ‎ ‎3．__4__‎ Being a solo traveler makes it much easier to interact with the local people and make some new friends. The truth is that the locals are much more interested in travelers and are more likely to help you out and could be also more open and engaging.‎ ‎4．You will learn how to rely on yourself.‎ ‎__5__ You are the one and most important person in your life so make sure you learn how to trust your own heart, take decisions and make your own choices, which will help you further in life.‎ A．Making friends is important for us.‎ B．You will make new friends easier.‎ C．Travelling on your own has also great advantages for you.‎ D．Travelling on your own means that you get to choose the extra activities you want to do.‎ E．Travelling exposes you to raw experiences where you get to know the person inside you.‎ F．Travelling to other countries in the world will show you the importance of relying on yourself in difficult situations.‎ G．Being away from your comfortable home will challenge you in many different ways and test your patience.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人需要独自旅行的四个原因。‎ ‎1．[解析]　空格前提到了旅行本身的好处，空格后提到为什么人们需要独自旅行。C项“独自旅行对人们也很有好处”，承上启下，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎2．[解析]　空格前提到，一旦你独自去旅行，你就需要自己做决定，发现真正的自己，清楚自己的能力。E项“旅行让你处于对世界的原始体验中，这可以让你有机会认识内在的自己”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎[答案]　E 22‎ ‎3．[解析]　空格前提到，去那些未知的地方将会让你自己学会如何在困难的时候依靠自己。再结合本段的小标题可知，G项“离开舒服的家将会在不同的方面挑战你，考验你的耐心”与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎[答案]　G ‎4．[解析]　空格处是本段的主旨句。根据本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了独自旅行会让你更容易和当地人互动，结交一些新朋友。B项概括了本段的大意，适合做本段的主旨句。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎5．[解析]　根据本段小标题可知，本段主要介绍独自旅行会让一个人学会怎样自立。F项“到世界其他国家独自去旅行会让你明白在困境中依靠自己的重要性”，与本段小标题呼应。故选F。‎ ‎[答案]　F 22‎