2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修八Unit2Theuniversallanguage单元学案设计（42页） 50页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修八Unit2The universal language单元学案设计 ‎ 文学与艺术之(三)——音乐 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．stubborn adj.固执的，顽固的　　　　　2.scold vt.训斥，责骂 ‎3．broken adj.破损的；中止的 4.liberty n．自由 ‎5．trend n．趋势，动向 6.condemn vt.判刑；指责，谴责 ‎7．prejudice n．偏见，成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见 ‎8．scream vi.尖叫，高声喊；呼啸n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音 ‎9．universal adj.共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的 ‎10．cast vt.& vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……投以(视线、笑容)‎ ‎11．folk adj.民间的，民俗的 n．人们；亲属(尤指父母)‎ ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．dare vt.& vi.& aux.敢于 2.seize vt.逮捕；抓住；夺取 ‎3．demand n．&vt.要求；需要 4.dawn n．黎明；开端；萌芽 ‎5．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 6.opportunity n．机遇，时机 ‎7．department n．部，司，局，处，系 8.seek vt.& vi.试图；寻找 ‎9．decline n．衰落，衰败；减少；下降 vi.& vt.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→disturbed adj.心理不正常的；精神失常的→disturb vt.打扰；使中断；使焦虑 ‎　2.unwilling adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的→willing adj.自愿的→willingness n．乐意 ‎*3.evident adj.清楚的，显然的→evidence n．证据；证词 ‎　4.merciful adj.仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的→mercy n．宽容，仁慈，怜悯 ‎*5.unemployment n．失业→unemployed adj.失业的→employment n．雇佣，工作，职业→employ v．雇佣→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员 ‎*6.collection n．作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走→collect vt.收集→collector n．收集者；收藏家 ‎*7.tendency n．倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向→tend v．倾向；趋向 ‎　8.gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.‎ ‎2．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.‎ ‎3．The old collector likes to collect some old paintings and his house is said to build up a fine art collection.‎ ‎4．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employee before he came to work.‎ ‎5．The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．dialogue /'daiəˌlɔɡ/ n. 　　　对白 ‎2．cast /kɑːst/ n. 全体演员 ‎3．part/pɑːt/role /rəul/ n. 角色 ‎4．character /'kærəktə/ n. 人物 ‎5．line /lain/ n. 台词 ‎6．playwright /'pleirait/ n. 编剧，剧作家 ‎7．costume /'kɔstjuːm/ n. 服装 ‎8．applause /ə'plɔːz/ n. 喝彩 ‎9．applaud /ə'plɔːd/ v. 喝彩；鼓掌 ‎10．makeup /meikʌp/ n. 化妆 ‎11．cinema /'sinəmə/ n. 电影院 ‎12．theatre /'θiətə/ n. 剧院 ‎13．auditorium /ˌɔːdi'tɔːriəm/ n. 礼堂 ‎14．entrance /'entrəns/ n. 入口 ‎15．exit /'eksit/ n. 出口 ‎16．backstage /'bæksteidʒ/ n. 后台 ‎17．share /ʃeə(r)/ vt. 分享 ‎18．attractive /ə'træktɪv/ adj. 有吸引力的 ‎19．valuable /'væljuəbl/ adj. 有价值的 ‎ ‎20．preference /'prefrəns/ n. 偏爱 ‎21．heritage /'herɪtɪdʒ/ n. 遗产 ‎22．symbol /'sɪmbl/ n. 象征 ‎23．gesture /'dʒestʃə(r)/ n. 仪态 ‎24．occasion /ə'keɪʒn/ n. 场合 ‎25．extraordinary /ɪk'strɔːdnri/ adj.非凡的 ‎26．vivid /'vɪvɪd/ adj. 生动的 ‎27．casual /'kæʒuəl/ adj. 随意的 ‎28．abstract /'æbstrækt/ adj.抽象的；深奥的 ‎29．unique /ju'niːk/ adj. 独特的 ‎30．decorate /'dekəreɪt/ vt. 装饰，修饰 ‎31．reflect /rɪ'flekt/ v. 反映 ‎32．background /'bækɡraʊnd/n. 背景 ‎33．appeal /ə'piːl/ n．& v．吸引力；吸引 ‎34．admire /əd'maɪə(r)/ v. 欣赏 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎　1.be_condemned_to_sth. 被处以某种刑罚 ‎　2.ask_for_sb.'s_hand_in_marriage (向女方)求婚 ‎　3.fall_in_love 相爱，坠入爱河　　　　*4.at_first_sight 初次见面；乍一看 ‎*5.participate_in 参加；参与 　6.split_up 分手；分裂；破裂；离婚 ‎*7.spring_up 突然兴起，迅速出现 *8.break_up 破裂，解散；破碎；拆开 ‎　9.dance_to 伴随……而跳舞 　10.go_crazy 变得疯狂 ‎　11.take_on 呈现；雇佣；承担 　12.put_up 张贴；举起；留某人住在家中 ‎*13.depend_on 依赖，依靠 　14.be_unwilling_to_do 不愿意做……‎ ‎　15.have_a_tendency_for 有一种……倾向 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．At_first_sight,_there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone.‎ ‎2．If the project is a success, similar constructions may spring_up elsewhere in the country.‎ ‎3．The band broke_up in 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.‎ ‎4．As a matter of fact, none of us can live alone in society. We all depend_on others sometimes to some degree.‎ ‎5．All students should be encouraged to participate_in sports to build up their bodies.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．oneact play 　　　　　独幕剧 ‎2．make/produce records 制作唱片 ‎3．start touring 开始巡回演出 ‎4．compose a song 创作歌曲 ‎5．form a band 组建乐队 ‎6．listen to pop/classical music 听流行音乐/古典音乐 ‎7．be based on 以……为根据 ‎8．book tickets 订票 ‎9．be popular with 受……欢迎 ‎10．on air 正在播出 ‎11．play the piano 弹钢琴 ‎12．queue up/stand in line 排队 ‎13．put on 演出，上演 ‎14．play the role of ... 扮演(某一角色)‎ ‎15．have no ear for music 对音乐没有鉴赏力 ‎16．the universal language 共同语言 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义 ‎[例句]　Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City — there could not be a more awesome setting!‎ ‎[仿写]　乒乓球教练耐心地给我们提供专业指导，我从未见过比这更好的教练了。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)‎ The table tennis coach offers us professional guidance patiently and I have_never_seen_a better_one.‎ ‎2．before引导时间状语从句 ‎[例句]　Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene, and it had to be completed by one of his ‎ former students, Franco Alfano.‎ ‎[仿写]　要过一个小时左右我们才能到达山顶。(2017·6月浙江高考满分作文)‎ It will be an hour or so before_we_get_to the top of the mountain.‎ ‎3．wherever引导让步状语从句 ‎[例句]　Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called ‘Beatlemania’ — thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them.‎ ‎[仿写]　无论你选择去哪里旅行，你一定会体验到中国的传统文化。(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ Wherever_you_choose_to_travel,_you are bound to experience the traditional Chinese culture.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Music is the best medicine to heal me, and no one can accompany me to pass through the sea of sorrow.‎ 音乐是我疗伤最好的药，没有谁能陪我走过悲伤的海。‎ ‎2．Music has always fascinated us in the way that it communicates.Without words, without pictures.‎ 音乐总是凭借其沟通心灵的力量，让我们沉醉于此，流连忘返。无需文字，无需图像。‎ ‎3．In addition to improving creativity, learning music also cultivates many skills that will continue to be useful to your children throughout their lives.‎ 除了提高创造力，学音乐还可以培养许多能力，这些将使孩子终生受益。‎ ‎4．In addition to classical music, I also like modern pop music.‎ 除了古典音乐，我还喜欢现代流行音乐。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Music has been called “the universal language” because people do not need to speak the same language to understand it. A good performance arouse our feelings and it's worth listening to and enjoying. A successful performance will appeal to so many people and when it ends, the entire audience will stand to their feet clapping to applaud.‎ 音乐一直被称为“共同语言”，因为人们不需要说同样的语言就能理解它。一场精彩的表演能激发我们的情感，值得我们去听与欣赏。一场成功的表演会吸引很多人，全体观众在表演结束时会站起来鼓掌欢呼。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1. dare vt.& vi.& aux.敢于，胆敢 ‎　[教材原句]　This means that few men would dare to ask for her hand in marriage.‎ 这意味着几乎没人敢向她求婚。‎ ‎(1)dare用作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化。‎ 常见搭配：dare to do sth.“敢于做某事”。在否定句和疑问句中，to可以省略。‎ ‎ (2)dare用作情态动词时，通常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形，其否定式为dare not。I dare say为习惯说法，意为“我想，很可能，大概”。‎ ‎①You are the only one who dares to_admit (admit) mistakes.‎ 你是唯一敢于承认错误的人。‎ ‎②They dare not play (play) a joke on him in case he becomes angry. ‎ 他们不敢对他开玩笑，怕他生气。‎ ‎③—Dare he ask his boss for promotion?‎ ‎—Yes, he_dare. /No, he_daren't.‎ ‎——他敢向他的老板请求升职吗？‎ ‎——是的，他敢。/不，他不敢。‎ ‎2．demand vt.强烈要求；需要n.要求；需求 ‎　[教材原句]　Calaf's father and Liu have been seen accompanying Calaf, so Turandot seizes Calaf's father and Liu, and demands that they tell her Calaf's name or they will be beaten.‎ 有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫，因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来，强烈要求他们说出卡拉夫的名字，否则就要拷打他们。‎ ‎(1)demand to do sth.　　　　　　　要求做某事 ‎(sth.) demand doing/to be done (某事)需要被做 ‎(sb.) demand that sb. (should) do sth.‎ ‎ (某人)要求某人做某事(that从句使用虚拟语气)‎ ‎(2)in demand 需求大 on demand 一经要求 satisfy/meet the/one's demands 满足(某人的)要求 ‎①They demand that some skilled workers (should)_be_sent (send) to help them.‎ 他们要求派些技术工人帮助他们。‎ ‎②Books on popular science are in_great_demand at present.‎ 近来，科普类书籍需求量很大。‎ ‎[名师点津]　demand不能用于demand sb. to do sth.结构；“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb. sth.结构，要用demand sth. of/from ‎ sb.结构。‎ ‎3．decline n．衰落，衰败；减少；下降vi.& vt.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝 ‎　[教材原句]　From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradual decline.‎ 从20世纪30年代早期到20世纪50年代早期，传统的爵士乐渐渐走向没落。‎ ‎(1)fall/go into decline　　　　　陷入衰退 in decline/on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路 ‎(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 ‎①A great decline_in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance.(2017·江苏高考任务型阅读)‎ 例如，年轻劳动力的急剧下降在中国是有可能发生的。‎ ‎②She declined_to_have_lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.‎ 她拒绝和她的朋友一起吃午餐，说她感觉身体不舒服。‎ ‎4．seek (sought, sought) vt.& vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求 ‎　[教材原句]　In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, sought to bring rock music to white audiences.‎ 在20世纪50年代初期，田纳西州孟菲斯的一家唱片公司老板萨姆·菲利普斯试图让白人观众接受摇滚乐。‎ seek (for) sth./sb. from　　　从……寻找某物/某人 seek after 追求；追寻 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 seek one's fortune 找出路；碰运气 seek out 搜寻出；找出 ‎①If you have any questions, you can seek_help_from your teammates.‎ 如果你有什么问题，可以向你的队友求助。‎ ‎②The fact is that nowadays many young people are seeking_their_fortune in big cities.‎ 事实是现在很多年轻人正在大城市寻找发财的机会。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“寻找”的短语还有：look for, search for，hunt for等。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．cast (cast, cast)vt.& vi.选派角色；投，扔，抛，撒；投射(光、影)；向……投以 (视线、笑容)n.全体演员 ‎　写出句中cast的含义 ‎①The little boy cast a stone into the pond.投，扔 ‎②She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.向……投以(笑容)‎ ‎③The play has a cast of five.全体演员 ‎④The play is being cast in both China and Britain.选派角色 ‎2．condemn vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责 ‎　单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Those who don't learn from the past are condemned to_repeat (repeat) it.‎ ‎②The man was condemned to eight years' imprisonment.‎ ‎③法官宣判那个杀人犯终身监禁。‎ The judge condemned_the_killer_to_spend all his life in prison.‎ ‎④他因对年迈父母的冷酷行为受到普遍的谴责。‎ He was_widely_condemned_for his cruel action towards his elderly parents.‎ ‎3．seize vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占 ‎(1)写出句中seize的含义 ‎①In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing opportunities can one succeed.抓住 ‎②Troops have seized the airport and railway terminals.攻占，夺取 ‎③UN officials say two military observers were seized by the Khmer ‎ Rouge yesterday.逮捕 ‎(2)补全句子 ‎④在他逃跑之前，她抓住了他的衣领。‎ Before he could run away, she seized_him_by_the_collar.‎ ‎⑤每个人应抓住机会努力学习实现我们的目标。‎ Everyone should seize_the_opportunity_to_study_hard to achieve our goal.‎ ‎[点拨]　seize sb. by the＋...“ 抓住某人的……”，如果此结构表示抓住某人的某一“部位”，则表示“部位”的名词前不用物主代词而用定冠词the。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He was unwilling to_make (make) a prediction about which books would sell best in the coming year.‎ ‎2．Gradually (gradual), the girl is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.‎ ‎3．It is evident to me that a mistake has been made in our work.‎ ‎4．No one dares to_step (step) into his office without permission.‎ ‎5．In ancient China, anyone who cheated the emperor would be condemned to death.‎ ‎6．The manager demanded that the workers (should)_work (work) extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The little boy dare not to go home in such a dark night.去掉to ‎2．The brave student seized the robber by his arm. his→the ‎3．Oil production has already peaked and is on decline in about 50 nations.on→in或在on后加the ‎4．The customer demanded a reasonable explanation by the supermarket.by→of/from ‎ ‎5．Many people spend years seeking of peace of mind, often with little success.第一个of→for Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子)‎ ‎1．由于地沟油事件，饭店里的顾客比以前少了。‎ Because of the waste oil event, the number of customers in the restaurant was_on_the decline/in decline.‎ ‎2．我们学生要努力抓住每一个机会练习英语口语。‎ We students should try to seize_every_chance_to_practise our spoken English.‎ ‎3．学生们要求图书馆周末开放。‎ The students demanded that the library (should)_be_open_at_weekends.‎ ‎4．去年他去了美国去寻找致富之路。‎ He went to America to seek_his_fortune last year.‎ ‎5．很明显，青年人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。‎ It_is_evident_that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.‎ ‎6．随着人们逐渐变老，他们有忘记事情的趋向。‎ People have_a_tendency_to_forget_things as they grow older.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．fall in love (with sb.)爱上(某人)，相爱，坠入爱河 ‎　[教材原句]　Shortly afterwards, another prince, Calaf, falls in love with Turandot at first sight and decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her.‎ 此后不久，另一位王子——卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情，他决定解答谜语以便迎娶她。‎ fall in love with“突然爱上”，表示动作，是短暂性动词短语，不与表示一段时间的状语连用；‎ be in love with“爱/喜欢”，表示状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。‎ ‎①As soon as the American girl came to Shanghai, she fell_in_love_with it immediately.‎ 那个美国女孩一到上海，她就立刻爱上了这座城市。‎ ‎②Annie was so attractive that Jimmy fell_in_love_with her the first time he saw her. Now they have_been_in_love_with each other for three years.‎ 安妮如此迷人以至于吉米第一次见她就爱上了她。现在他们已经相爱三年了。‎ ‎2．break up破裂；破碎，打碎；解散，驱散；分解；拆开，分开；分手，结束(关系等)；放假 ‎　[教材原句]　However, even though the Beatles broke up in 1970, no group since has ever come close to being as popular or selling as many records.‎ 然而，尽管披头士乐队在1970年就解散了，但直到今天，没有哪个乐队能像它那样受欢迎或销售同样多的唱片。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中break up的含义 ‎①Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever.结束(关系)‎ ‎②They plan to break the company up into several smaller independent companies.分解 ‎③The police came running and broke up the crowd.驱散 ‎④When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假 他必须不时地停下来擦额头上的汗，因为空调坏了。‎ ‎3．Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City — there could_not_be_a_more awesome setting! ‎ 想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更棒的场景了！‎ ‎　(1)句中could not be a more ...为“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级意义，通常译为“没有比……更……，没有像……一样……”。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。‎ ‎①I couldn't_have_enjoyed_myself_more — it was a perfect day.‎ 我玩得再开心不过了——这是完美的一天。‎ ‎(2)表示最高级意义的常用结构还有：‎ ‎①比较级＋than＋ ‎②完成时＋never＋ ‎③can/could＋never/not＋be＋ ‎②The population of China is_larger_than_that_of_any_other_country in the world.‎ 中国的人口比世界上任何国家的人口都多。‎ ‎③How beautiful she sings! I have_never_heard a better voice.‎ 她唱得多好啊！我从未听过这么美的歌喉。‎ ‎④You can't be too careful (＝careful_enough) to study.‎ 你学习时越认真越好。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.介、副词填空 ‎1．It was money trouble that broke up their marriage.‎ ‎2．It takes no time to fall in love, but it takes you years to know what love is.‎ ‎3．He decided he wanted to buy the painting at first sight.‎ ‎4．I actively participate in practical activities, and I can learn lots of knowledge.‎ ‎5．After the thorough cleaning, our school took on a new look. ‎ ‎6．It's time we put up the Christmas decorations in the living room. ‎ ‎7．The boss depended on his righthand man to do things for him.‎ ‎8．In the past, the man would go to the woman's father and ask for her hand in marriage.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．He could not imagine a most peaceful scene. most→more ‎2．That was three years before he returned home. That→It ‎3．Where you may go, you can't succeed without hard work. Where→Wherever ‎4．She has fallen in love with that tall boy for two years. fallen→been Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．我们需要找出问题的根源才能解决问题。‎ We need to get to the root of the problem before_we_can_solve_it.‎ ‎2．他被告知至少三个月以后他才能康复。‎ He was told that it_would_be_at_least_three_more_months before he could recover.‎ ‎3．这项工作他做得比公司里其他任何职员都好。‎ ‎①He did the work better_than_any_other_clerk in the company.(any other)‎ ‎②He did the work better_than_anyone_else in the company.(anyone else)‎ ‎③He did the work better_than_any_of_the_other_clerks in the company.(any of the other)‎ ‎④He did the work better_than_the_rest_of_clerks in the company.(the rest of)‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 seek， opportunity， prejudice， demand， have a tendency for， at first sight， fall in love with， seek after ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①现在的青少年偏爱于R & B。‎ Today, the teenagers have_a_tendency_for R & B.‎ ‎②许多女孩一眼就爱上了周杰伦，她们寻求一切机会来得到他的每一张专辑。‎ Many girls fall_in_love_with Jay Chou at_first_sight,_and they seek_opportunities to get his every album.‎ ‎③无论周杰伦去哪里，女孩子们总会追去参加他的个人演唱会。‎ No matter where Jay Chou went, they would seek_after_him to attend his solo concert.‎ ‎④许多父母却对周杰伦有成见，甚至有些人说他的音乐风格是最糟糕的。‎ A great many parents have_prejudice_against Jay Chou, and even some say his music style can be the worst of all.‎ ‎⑤许多家长强烈要求学校应帮助学生建立良好的音乐鉴赏能力。‎ Many parents demand_that_schools_(should)_help the students establish good appreciation of music.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用wherever引导状语从句改写句③‎ Wherever_Jay_Chou_went,__they_would_seek_after_him_to_attend_his_solo_concert.‎ ‎(2)用“not＋比较级”结构改写句④‎ A_great_many_parents_have__prejudice__against_Jay_Chou,_and_even_some_say_his_music_style__can't_be_worse.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：for example, however, so)‎ Today, the teenagers have a tendency for R & B. For example, many girls fall in love with Jay Chou at first sight, and they seek opportunities to get his every album. Wherever he went, they would seek after him to attend his solo concert. However, a great many parents have prejudice against Jay Chou, and even some say his music style can't be worse.So they demand that schools (should) help the students establish good appreciation of music.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——while引导的让步状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 While the blues was popular, as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to.‎ 句中while引导让步状语从句。主句中使用了too ... to ... 结构。句中的dance to中，to用作介词，表示“随着……的节奏”。‎ 尽管清洁能源在我们日常生活中的使用量已经增加，但在二氧化碳的排放达到峰值之后，全球变暖仍将持续几十年。‎ While clean energy is 真题长难句 ‎ increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions (排放) peak.(2017·江苏高考)‎ while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。‎ ‎ “戏剧艺术”是“文学与艺术”的子话题，常以阅读理解和书面表达为主。是民族文化中的一部分，博大精深，因此要传承。在该类话题的语篇中含有大量的专业术语，故其文章的理解难度偏大。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2013·安徽高考阅读E)‎ ‎[1]Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870, it was experiencing an economic (经济的) boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted many people. Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango (探戈舞) came into being.‎ ‎[2]At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It ‎ was danced in the bars and streets. At that time there were many fewer women than men, so if a man didn't want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.‎ ‎[3]In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning.This interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris. Every kind of dance from ballet (芭蕾舞) to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters.After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.‎ ‎[4]The popularity (流行) of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War Ⅰ brought the tango to North America. It reached Japan in 1926, and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.‎ ‎72．The origin of the tango is associated with ________.‎ A．belly dancers　　　　 B．American soldiers C．a Spanish city D．the capital of Argentina ‎73．Which of the following is true about the tango?‎ A．It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.‎ B．People of the upper classes loved the tango most.‎ C．It was often danced by two males in the beginning.‎ D．A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.‎ ‎74．Before World War Ⅰ， the tango spread to ________.‎ A．America B．Japan C．France D．South Korea ‎75．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．How to Dance the Tango B．The History of the Tango C．How to Promote the Tango D．The Modern Tango Boom ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1～2段 第1、2段画波浪线部分 大约19世纪70年代，探戈舞起源于阿根廷的首都Buenos 起源 ‎ Aires，由下层人士到上层社会的欢迎 第3～4段 第3、4段画波浪线部分 探戈舞传播到世界各地 发展 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　当时，(跳探戈舞的)女性比男性少得多，所以，如果某个男子不想被冷落的话，他唯一的选择就是和另一个男子跳舞，以便能够吸引为数不多的女性的注意。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎72．细节理解题。选D　通读第一段尤其是最后一句可知，探戈舞起源于阿根廷的首都Buenos Aires，D项为同义替换。A项“肚皮舞舞者”为混淆视听；B项“美国士兵”为张冠李戴；C项“一个西班牙的城市”为无中生有。‎ ‎73．细节理解题。选C　根据第二段的第三句可知C项为同义替换。A项“它是由来自西班牙和意大利的外国人创造的”为混淆视听；B项“上层社会的人最喜欢探戈舞”为曲解文意；D项“‎ Seoul的一位舞者成了阿根廷的大使”为曲解文意。‎ ‎74．细节理解题。选C　通读全文后可知，探戈舞传到美国是在第一次世界大战之后，传到日本是在1926年，在韩国流传开来是在2003年，显然A、B、D三项均可排除。根据第三段的内容可知，探戈舞在其诞生后不久就传到了法国，其诞生大约是在1870年，因此传到法国应该是在一战前。故选C，为同义替换。A、B、D三项均为张冠李戴。‎ ‎75．主旨大意题。选B　本文介绍的是探戈舞的起源及其发展史，故选B，为综合概括。A项“如何跳探戈舞”为无中生有；C项“如何推广探戈舞”为以偏概全；D项“现代探戈舞的繁荣”为曲解文意。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法18]　对比——解答判断正误细节理解题的关键 判断正误的细节理解题，多是根据文章细节判断所给选项的正误。在解答判断正误细节理解题时，考生要带着原题回到原文中，把四个选项与原文信息进行对比，看看它们之间的吻合度，注意四个选项与原文信息的差异，从而判断正误。此外，也要把四个选项之间互相进行比较，找出四个选项之间的细微差异，从而判断正误。‎ 例如第73题，A项的内容文中没有提及，故排除A项；根据第二段的首句和最后一句可排除B项；D项与最后一段最后一句不符。根据第二段第三句可知与C项相符。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．boom n．　　　　　　　　繁荣 ‎2．available adj. 可获得的，有空的，能找到的 ‎3．respectable adj. 可敬的，值得尊敬的 ‎4．come into being 形成，产生 ‎5．leave out 遗漏，忽略，未顾及 ‎6．approve of 赞成，赞同 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2012·天津高考)‎ 假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。‎ ‎*提出邀请并简述原因；‎ ‎*提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等)；‎ ‎*请求对方回复。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．请使用规范英语，词数不少于100；‎ ‎2．可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：‎ 越剧Shaoxing Opera ‎《梁山伯与祝英台》 　Butterfly Lovers 天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theater Dear Chris，‎ I have good news to tell you.　 ‎ ‎　　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Yours，‎ Li Jin ‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．上演　　　put_on ‎2．非常喜欢 make_a_great_fancy_to_...‎ ‎3．当地的 local ‎4．机会 opportunity ‎5．满足 satisfy ‎6．增加你有关……知识 increase_your_knowledge_about_...‎ 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．8月5日下午2：00在天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。‎ A_famous_Shaoxing_Opera,_Butterfly_Lovers,_will_be_put_on_in_Tianjin_Grand_Theater_at_2：00_pm_on_August_5th.‎ ‎2．我知道你非常喜欢中国文化，尤其是戏曲文化。‎ I_know_you_make_a_great_fancy_to_Chinese_culture,_especially_the_local_operas.‎ ‎3．我希望这次机会能让你高兴。‎ I_hope_this_opportunity_will_make_you_happy.‎ ‎4．这次机会能满足你对中国戏曲的兴趣。‎ This opportunity will satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.‎ ‎5．如果你来，建议我们在观看完戏曲后参观一下附近的传统戏曲博物馆。‎ If_you_can_come,_I_suggest_we_have_a_look_at_the_Museum_of_the_Traditional_Opera_near_the_theater_after_the_opera.‎ ‎6．你能了解许多中国戏曲的历史。‎ You_can_know_the_history_of_many_Chinese_operas.‎ ‎7．这会增加你对传统中国戏曲方面的知识。‎ This_can_increase_your_knowledge_about_Chinese_traditional_‎ operas.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．将句3、4用“not only ... but also”合并 I_hope_this_opportunity_will_not_only_make_you_happy,_but_also_satisfy_your_interest_in_Chinese_operas.‎ ‎2．将句6、7用which引导定语从句合并 You can know the history of many Chinese operas, which can increase your knowledge about Chinese traditional operas.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Chris，‎ I have good news to tell you. A famous Shaoxing Opera, Butterfly Lovers, will be put on in Tianjin Grand Theater at 2：00 pm on August 5th. I know you make a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially the local operas. I hope this opportunity will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas. If you can come, I suggest we have a look at the Museum of the Traditional Opera near the theater after the opera. There, I believe, you can know the history of many Chinese operas, which can increase your knowledge about Chinese traditional operas.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Jin ‎ ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The article condemned (谴责) those officials who did one thing and said another.‎ ‎2．The little girl dared (胆敢) not breathe a word of it to anybody.‎ ‎3．This piece of string (线；细绳) is too short to pack up the luggage, and let me join another piece on to it.‎ ‎4．They sought (寻找) out a shady spot where they might sit down and rest. ‎ ‎5．It is reported that the trend (趋势) of the housing price is still upwards.‎ ‎6．If children were made to feel inferior to other children, their confidence would decline (减弱)．‎ ‎7．The opportunities (机会) available will depend on your previous work experience and qualifications.‎ ‎8．I hope you can submit your term papers before the deadline (最后期限)．‎ ‎9．When scolded (责备) by his father, the boy always keeps silent.‎ ‎10．The economy is in the upswing, which makes hightech services in more demand (需求) too.‎ ‎11．He has cast (选派角色) her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest ‎ movie.‎ ‎12．Measures for preventing and controlling industrial pollution have gradually (gradual) been perfected.‎ ‎13．Nothing in the world is more_valuable (valuable) than knowledge.‎ ‎14．He is generally acknowledged to have the finest collection (collect) of Dutch paintings in private hands.‎ ‎15．Substances have no tendency (tend) to expand unless heated.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．He has fallen in love with Mary for eight years up till now. fallen→been ‎2．The policeman seized the thief by hand tightly.by后加the ‎3．The girl does not dare see her teacher, dare she？第二个dare→does ‎4．The man was found guilty of armed robbery, and condemned of eight years' imprisonment.第二个of→to ‎5．On first sight the house appeared to be empty, but actually it wasn't. On→At ‎6．As a speaker he was always in the demand.去掉the ‎7．The police were investigating the case and declined give more details. declined后加to ‎8．This won't be long before you become used to living here.This→It Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．我完全同意你的观点，不过明天可能有雨。‎ I can_not_agree_with_your_idea_more,_but there might be a rain tomorrow.‎ ‎2．年轻人发觉解决那个问题很难。‎ The youth found_it_hard_to work the problem out.‎ ‎3．不论你在哪里，都必须礼貌待人。‎ Wherever_you_are,_you must be polite to others.‎ ‎4．约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑出去了。‎ Before_John_stopped_her,_she ran out.‎ ‎5．上周和女朋友分手以后，Jack昨天又被老板解雇了。‎ Having_broken_up with his girlfriend last week, Jack was fired by his boss yesterday.‎ ‎[话题语篇高考练]‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A In 1957, Max Vernon Mathews wrote the first computer program called Music, which enabled a computer to create sound and play it back. He was then working as an engineer at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey.‎ ‎ It enabled a large IBM computer to play a seventeensecond piece of music he had written.‎ The computer was so slow that it took an hour to play the seventeensecond piece of music. So Mathews moved the work to a tape player to play the music at a normal speed. He later said that the sound quality of the musical notes was not great, but the technical importance of the music was huge.‎ The sciencefiction writer Arthur C. Clarke visited Bell Laboratories in the 1960s. He heard a computer “sing” the song Daisy Bell on devices (设备) and learned about the programs developed by Mathews and other engineers. Clarke noted this technology in his book 2001: A Space Odyssey, which was later made into a movie.‎ Mathews continued creating other versions of the Music program. He became interested in how computers could help musicians outside recording studios. The Groove program he developed was the first computer program made for live performances.‎ He also developed an electronic device he called the Radio Baton, which looks like two drum sticks. It enables the user to control the speed and sound levels of orchestral music (管弦乐) played on a computer by moving the two sticks on a special electronic surface.‎ Mathews said he believed modern musicians were not making full use of the power of computer music. He said a violin always sounds like a violin. But with his Music, the way a violin sounds is unlimited. He did not want computer sounds to replace live music, but he hoped computers would one day be considered serious instruments.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Max Vernon Mathews把音乐与计算机结合起来，创造了魅力无穷的计算机音乐。‎ ‎1．Why did Clarke visit Bell Laboratories?‎ A．To make his book into a movie.‎ B．To help Mathews develop Music.‎ C．To satisfy his own curiosity about music.‎ D．To gather materials for his literary creation.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Clarke在他的一本书里涉及了Mathews的电子音乐技术。由此可推知，Clarke主要是为文学创作获取素材才去Bell Laboratories的。‎ ‎2．What electronic music tools did Mathews create?‎ A．Something used to record live music.‎ B．Something used to create special sound.‎ C．Something used to improve computer music.‎ D．Something used to create computer music.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，制作计算机音乐时，Radio Baton可以用来控制管弦乐的速度、声级等，能改进音乐。‎ ‎3．What does Mathews think of his Music?‎ A．It is more pleasant to the ear.‎ B．It can help make more sounds.‎ C．It will finally replace the violin.‎ D．It is more popular than live music.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，一般小提琴发出的声音就是那一种，用Mathews的Music可以让它的声音有无数种，即他的Music能帮助发出更多声音。‎ ‎4．What can we learn about Mathews?‎ A．He is the father of computer music.‎ B．His creation succeeded on the first try.‎ C．He wrote Music to replace instruments.‎ D．He changed the functions of computers.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据全文可知，是Mathews首先创造了计算机音乐，并进而发展出一系列与音乐相关的电子产品，在音乐界掀起了一场革命，故他是计算机音乐之父。‎ B ‎(2018·湖北省鄂西北联考)It happens to most firsttime fish keepers. They run to a fish store, pick out the bestlooking fish, and get all the things they need for their tanks. Then they fill up their tanks and put their fish in the water. Over the course of the next week, their fish aren't looking so good. Then all of a sudden, all of their fish start to die off.‎ Luckily, there is an explanation. Ammonia (氨) and nitrite (亚硝酸盐) are toxic to fish. You see, keeping fish in a tank produces ammonia. If a fish is placed in a new tank, the tank won't be equipped with the ability ‎ to change that ammonia into a less harmful chemical. And that's why they die.‎ To avoid the whole failure, you have to understand a little something called the Nitrogen Cycle (氮循环). After ammonia is produced in a tank, a kind of bacterium that is naturally found in water (a bacterium that consumes ammonia and produces nitrite) reproduces itself to form a large enough area to change all ammonia into nitrite. As the concentration (浓度) of nitrite increases, the same thing happens to nitrite, which happened to ammonia. A group of bacteria that change nitrite into nitrate (硝酸盐) form in large numbers. The cycle takes about one week to several months, depending on your technique. When a tank reaches a point where it can change all ammonia and nitrite being produced in a tank to nitrate before they reach harmful concentrations, it has finished the Nitrogen Cycle — it is safe for fish.‎ So before you ever place a fish into a tank from now on, use some skills to make it do that first. To do so, slightly increase ammonia concentration of your tank. If after 24 hours, your tank has no mark of ammonia or nitrite, you can ensure that it's cycled. You just need to perform a partial water change and your tank is ready for fish.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。新手养鱼经常遇到这样的问题：他们刚养不久的鱼相继死去。这是因为新鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒死亡。‎ ‎5．What can we learn from Para. 1?‎ A．It's really hard for people to keep fish well.‎ B．The author feels very sorry for those dead fish.‎ C．New fish keepers begin to raise fish in a hurry.‎ D．People have no idea how to use their tanks well.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。第一段描述了养鱼新手经常会遇到的问题：他们刚养的鱼很快就死了；由第二段的最后两句可知这是因为新买的鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒而死；由此可推知，作者在第一段中想说明新手养鱼太仓促了。‎ ‎6．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “toxic” in Para. 2?‎ A．Open.　　　　　　 B．Harmful.‎ C．Familiar. D．Beneficial.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第二段的“the tank won't be equipped with the ability to change that ammonia into a less harmful chemical”可推知，ammonia和nitrite这两种化学物质对鱼类有害。‎ ‎7．What do we know about the Nitrogen Cycle?‎ A．It makes sure of fish's safety.‎ B．It provides all the nutrition fish need.‎ C．It increases the concentration of ammonia.‎ D．It produces more chemicals to clean the tank.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段的内容尤其是最后一句“it has finished the Nitrogen Cycle — it is safe for fish”可知，新买的鱼缸经过氮循环之后，人们就可以用它来养鱼了；故选A。‎ ‎8．Which question can't be answered in the text?‎ A．What's the right way to raise fish in a new tank?‎ B．What happens during the Nitrogen Cycle?‎ C．Why are fish in a new tank likely to die?‎ D．Why is nitrate less harmful to fish?‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了养鱼新手常遇到的问题，第二段解释了造成这种问题的原因，第三段具体介绍了氮循环的过程，最后一段介绍了用新鱼缸养鱼的正确方法；故选D。‎ Ⅴ.完形填空 ‎(2018·山东省实验中学模拟)My father, Danny Thomas, was a famous comedian, singer, actor, and producer with many fans.‎ When I was a child I __1__ him. Once, my father made a(n) __2__ with Margaret O'Brien and he often took me to the set. I also wanted to be a movie star. Ten years later, at age seventeen, I got my __3__.‎ I played the lead in Gigi. However, the __4__ of finally being a real actress was painfully shortlived. All the interviews and all the reviews __5__ my father.‎ Would I be as good as my father? Was I as gifted, as funny? Would I be as popular? I was extremely __6__.‎ I loved my father, but my __7__ was just him.‎ ‎“Daddy，” I began, “please don't be __8__ when I tell you this. I want to change my __9__. I love you but I don't want to be a Thomas ‎ anymore.”‎ I tried not to __10__ during the long silence. And then he said, “I raised you to be a thoroughbred (优秀的赛马). When thoroughbreds run, they wear blinders to keep their eyes focused straight __11__ with no disturbance, no other horses. They hear the crowd but they don't __12__. They just run their own race. That's what you have to do. Don't listen to anyone __13__ you to me or to anyone else. You just run your own race.”‎ The next night __14__ the crowd filed into the theater, the stage manager __15__ me a white box with a red ribbon. I opened it up and inside was a pair of old horse blinders with a little note that __16__， “Run your own race, Baby.”‎ Run your own race, Baby. Dad could have said it a dozen other ways: “Be __17__.”； “Don't be influenced by others.” But it wouldn't have been the same. He chose the right words at the right time. And all __18__ my life, I've been able to come to the point by asking myself, “Am I running my race or __19__ else's？”‎ I thank my father for all his words that continue to live in my __20__.‎ 语篇解读：作者通过自己的经历让我们明白一个人生哲理：走好自己的路，让别人说去吧。‎ ‎1．A.hated　　　　　　　　 B．adored C．feared D．avoided 解析：‎ 选B　根据第一段可知，作者的父亲是一个著名的喜剧家、歌手、演员及制作人，而且有许多粉丝，因此，作者小时候很崇拜(adored)他。故选B项。hate意为“厌恶；憎恨”；fear意为“害怕；恐惧”；avoid意为“避免”。‎ ‎2．A.movie B．album C．record D．interview 解析：选A　根据下文中的“I also wanted to be a movie star.”可知，此处指作者的父亲跟玛格丽特·奥布赖恩一起拍电影(movie)，他经常把作者带到拍摄现场，引起了她对电影的热爱。故选A项。album意为“相册；唱片”；record意为“记录”；interview意为“采访；面试”。‎ ‎3．A.position B．award C．degree D．chance 解析：选D　根据下文中的“I played the lead in Gigi.”可知，作者也想成为一名电影明星，而她在电影《琪琪》中饰演主角，说明作者在17岁时得到了一次机会(chance)。故选D项。position意为“职位；位置”；award意为“荣誉；奖励”；degree意为“程度；学位”。‎ ‎4．A.affection B．anxiety C．excitement D．bitterness 解析：选C　联系上文及常识可知，作者实现了当演员的梦想，心情一定是激动的。affection意为“感情；喜爱；感染”；anxiety意为“忧虑；担忧”；excitement意为“兴奋；激动”；bitterness意为“痛苦；悲痛；怨恨”‎ ‎。故选C项。句意：然而痛苦的是，最终成为真正的女演员的激动并未持续很久。‎ ‎5．A.focused on B．relied on C．appealed to D．attended to 解析：选A　根据下文中的“Would I be as good as my father？”及从上文可知作者的父亲很有名，所以记者都想从作者身上得到关于她父亲的各种相关信息。也就是说，所有的采访和评论的焦点都围绕着父亲。focus on意为“集中于”，故选A项。rely on意为“依靠；信赖”；appeal to意为“呼吁；恳求”；attend to意为“关心；照料；护理”。‎ ‎6．A.calm B．upset C．touched D．guilty 解析：选B　根据上文可推知，作者本来因为成为真正的演员而感到兴奋，但是几乎没有人关心她自己的努力，只关心她父亲的情况，所以她很心烦(upset)。故选B项。calm意为“冷静的”；touched意为“感动的”；guilty意为“内疚的；有罪的”。‎ ‎7．A.belief B．limit C．model D．problem 解析：选D　作者由于外人都聚焦于父亲而无人关心她的努力而很苦恼，因此，此处指作者爱她的父亲，但她的问题(problem)就是他。故选D项。belief意为“信仰；信条”；limit意为“限制；局限”；model意为“模型；典型；模范”。‎ ‎8．A.puzzled B．injured C．hurt D．confused 解析：选C　根据上文可知，作者因为她的父亲心烦意乱，再结合下文内容，作者想改名字可知，她不想父亲因此受到伤害。puzzled意为“困惑的”；injured意为“受伤的”；hurt可指身心受到的伤害；confused意为“困惑的”。故选C项。‎ ‎9．A.role B．name C．school D．major 解析：选B　根据下文可知，作者不想再用托马斯这个姓了，因此，她想改掉名字(name)。故选B项。role意为“角色”；school意为“学校”；major意为“专业”。‎ ‎10．A.cry B．smile C．scream D．laugh 解析：选A　根据语境，作者说出会让父亲受伤的话，自己肯定也不舒服。句意：在一阵长久的沉默中，我努力不去哭泣。cry意为“哭泣”；smile意为“微笑”；scream意为“尖叫”；laugh意为“笑；嘲笑”。故选A项。‎ ‎11．A.ahead B．around C．about D．aside 解析：选A　当赛马奔跑时，它们会戴着眼罩遮住自己的眼睛，以便把注意力集中在前方(ahead)，不受任何干扰，也不看其他的马。故选A项。around意为“大约”；about意为“左右”；aside意为“在旁边”。‎ ‎12．A.hesitate B．move C．shout D．listen 解析：选D　根据上文中的hear及but表转折可知，它们听到马群的声音，但是它们不去听，hear与listen相呼应。故选D项。hesitate意为“犹豫；迟疑”；move意为“移动”；shout意为“呼喊”。‎ ‎13．A.leading B．comparing C．tying D．introducing 解析：选B　从上文可知作者不能忍受媒体总是拿她跟她的父亲比较，还因此想改名字，她的父亲劝她不要受他人评价的影响。结合下文“You just run your own race.”可知，不要在意任何人把她跟父亲比较。lead意为“领导；带领”；compare意为“比较”；tie意为“系；打结；与……打成平局”；introduce意为“介绍；引进”。故选B项。‎ ‎14．A.until B．though C．as D．since 解析：选C　句意：第二天晚上，在观众排队进入影院的时候，舞台经理递给我一个系着一条红丝带的白色盒子。根据句意可知，设空处表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。故选C项。until意为“直到”；though意为“尽管”；since意为“自从；既然；由于”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.delivered B．handed C．dropped D．pressed 解析：选B　根据下文中的“I opened it up”可知，此处指舞台经理递给(handed)作者一个盒子。故选B项。deliver意为“邮寄；发表；接生”；drop意为“放弃；下降”；press意为“压；挤；推；施加压力”。‎ ‎16．A.wrote B．showed C．printed D．read 解析：选D　设空后的“Run your own race, Baby.”是纸条上写的内容。write意为“写”；show意为“显示；说明”；print意为“印刷；打印”。此处指纸条上“写着”，应用read。故选D项。‎ ‎17．A.grateful B．modest C．independent D．considerate 解析：选C　句意：爸爸本来可以用许多其他方式说出这句话：“要独立(independent)”；“不要被其他人影响”。据上文可知，父亲的意思就是要独立，故选C项。grateful意为“感激的”；modest意为“谦虚的；谦逊的”；considerate意为“考虑周到的；体贴的”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.toward B．beyond C．through D．behind 解析：选C　句意：在我整个(through)人生中，我已经能直奔主题扪心自问：“我现在是在参加自己的比赛还是其他人的呢？”all through后接时间表示“整个……”。故选C项。toward意为“朝；向”；beyond意为“超出”；behind意为“在……后面”‎ ‎，均不符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.somebody B．anybody C．nobody D．everybody 解析：选A　or表示选择，根据设空前的“running my race”可知，设空处指“其他人的”。根据语境可知选A项。‎ ‎20．A.recognition B．dream C．experience D．heart 解析：选D　作者非常感谢父亲，谢谢他那些将继续深藏于作者内心(heart)的话。故选D项。recognition意为“识别；承认；认出；重视；赞誉；公认”；dream意为“梦想”；experience意为“经历；经验”，均不符合语境。‎ Ⅵ.短文改错 The person who touched me most is an unknown lady. I study in a city school but lives in a village 15 kilometers away. One afternoon, I reveive a call from my family saying my mom was serious ill. I hurried to the bus station, only find the last bus had left. Feel anxious, I decided to walk home. On the way a car stopped and the driver asked me that I needed help. Worried about being cheated, I said anything. But she was such sincere that I finally accepted her offer. When we reached my village, it was dark. Seeing her car out of the sight, I was in tear. Whenever I think of her, I always feel grateful.‎ 答案：第二句：lives→live 第三句：receive→received; serious→seriously 第四句：only后加to 第五句：Feel→Feeling 第六句：that→if/whether 第七句：anything→nothing 第八句：such→so 第十句：去掉the; tear→tears