广西灵山县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮选编（一） 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 广西灵山县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮选编（一） 2016 高考训练题。阅读理解。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 In science fiction TV programs such as Star Trek , tractor beams (光线) are used to draw spaceships and move objects For years, scientists have labored to reproduce this feat（技艺）. In 2013. they succeeded A team of British and Czech scientists, led by Dr Tomas Cizmar. say they have created a rea-life "tractor beam". like the kind from Star Trek . which uses a line of light to attract objects. at least at a microscopic level Light control techniques have existed since the l970s. but this is thought to be the first time a beam has been used to draw objects towards a light source Usually when microscopic objects are hit by a line of light. they are forced along the direction of the beam After many years' research. Dr Cizmar's team discovered a technique that allows for the radiant force(辐射力) of light to be changed and to use the negative force to draw out certain particles（小颗粒） Dr Cizmar says that even though it is a few years away from practical use. the technology has huge potential for medical research In particular. the tractor beam is highly selective in the particles it can attract. so it can pick up particles that have specific characteristics. such as size or composition. in a mixture "Eventually, this could be used to separate white blood cells. for example," Dr Cizmar told BBC News It has been a primary plot design in science fiction TV programs and movies to allow objects like spaceships to be trapped in a line of light But Dr Cizmar said this particular technique would not eventually lead to that A transfer of energy happens in the process On a microscopic level that is OK. but on a large level it would cause huge problems A large object could be destroyed by the heating, which results from the massive amount of energy necessary to pull it. 1. What is this passage mainly about? A The application of light control techniques in modem society. B The uses and limitations of a scientific invention by a research team C. The adoption of light control techniques in medical treatment. D. The influences and effects of scientific developments on science fiction 2. Which of the following is TRUE about Dr Cizmar's tractor beam? A It moves big objects as the tractor beam did in Star Trek. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 B It is the first beam that pushes objects forward C. It relies on negative force to pull out specific kinds of particles. D. It is currently being used for separating blood cells in medical research 3. What does "that" in the last paragraph refer to? A Transferring a massive amount of energy. B. Making science fiction programs and movies. C. Burning a large object into ashes. D. Catching spaceships in a beam of light 4. What is the tone of this passage? A Objective B. Suspicious C. Admiring. D. Pessimistic. 参考答案 1—4、BCDA 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 (The Affect of Electricity on Cancer) Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia. Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed. At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate. How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions. But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found. The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 1.The main idea of this passage is [A]. studies on the cause of cancer . controversial view-points in the cause of cancer [C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer. [D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner. 2.The view-point of the EPA is [A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer. . electricity really affects cancer. [C]. controversial. [D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer 3.Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because [A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration. . every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment. [C]. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable. [D]. they had different arguments. 4.It can be inferred from physical phenomenon [A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful. . the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate. [C]. electromagnetic field may affect health. [D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body. 5.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments? [A].They are indifferent. . They are worried very much. [C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked. Vocabulary 1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的 2. leukemia 白血病 3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤 4. legitimate 合法的，合理的 5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄想狂。这里指：无根据的担心。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 6. lymphoma 淋巴瘤 7. carcinogen 致癌物 8. minuscule 很小的，很不重要 9. consensus 舆论 10. wallop 乱窜，猛冲，冲击力 11. epidemiological 流行病学的 12. blistering 罗嗦的，胡扯的 13. critique 评论，批评 14. imprimatur 出版许可（官方审查后的），批准 难句译注 1. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia. [参考译文] 由于这问题的证据还不是结论性的，而且常常是矛盾的，所以就难以断定有关电力对身体的 影响的顾虑是合乎情理，还是毫无根据的怀疑。 2. EPA——U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国环境保护署 3． While the report falls short (缺乏，不够) of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.” [参考译文] 虽然报告没有把极低频磁场归类为可能致癌物，但它确实指出通常 60 赫兹的磁场是“一种 虽尚未证实，但可能导致人患癌症的因素。” 4 ． The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House [参考译文] 证据争议性仍然很大，所以报告草案在布什政府内引起巨大的争辩，而环保署无视无角大楼 和白宫的强烈反对，公布了这份报告。 5. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate. [参考译文] 这远比细胞所产生的电磁场低的多。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 6. …and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. [参考译文] 而且几十年来，科学家专注于更为强大的辐射类别，如Ｘ光射线，其聚合的冲击力足以把电 子从组成人体的分子中撞出来。 7. But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. [参考译文] 可是流行病学的研究发现，几组资料在数据方面有所关联，却没有证实其因果关系。 8. a body of laboratory work 一批研究成果。 9. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. [参考译文] 在长达 33 页的对环保署文件的十分尖锐的批评中，空军方面的科学家指责，作者歪曲整个 文件以证明癌症和电磁场之间的关联。 10. It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report. [参考译文] 令人惊讶的是环保署竟然批准许可这份报告的出笼。 写作方法与文章大意 文章以问答的方式，对比的写作方法，写出了围绕电力是否影响健康——是否致癌因素的两种观点，及其 观点的依据。一种是美国环境保护署为代表的：极低频磁场是一种可能但还未被证实的致癌因素，而且无 视白宫和五角大楼反对，公布了这份报告。理由是科学证据提出了两者之间的关联偶然性。另一种以空军 中科学家为主的观点：电磁场不会诱发或触发癌症，而且以歪曲整个文件来证明两者之关系，批评了环保 署。其理由人人皆知。因军队中任一单位都有点——从地面雷达到舰艇飞机防卫系统。 答案祥解 1. D 电力对癌症影响的不同观点。文章一开始就提出了“电会致癌吗？”这个问题。十多年来， 一大批科学家和新闻界人士都指出：研究结果似乎表示：接触电磁场可能会增加患白血病和其他恶性肿瘤 的危险性。所以说到目前为止还难以确定电力对健康的影响究竟是理性的，还是杞人忧天。见难句注释 1。 第二段公布了环保署的报告，见难句注释 3。第三段说明：即使有致癌危险也是极微的。但应予以认真对待， 进行更多的研究。而第七段中空军方面的科学家还没有被说服（见难句注释 9），明确提出，我们的评论员 认为没有迹象说明环境中存在的电力会诱发或促发癌症。 A. 对致癌因素的研究。 B. 致癌原因方面有争议的观点，这两项根本部队，和文内电力毫无关系。 C. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 电力和癌症的关系，文中涉及的是电力究竟会不会致癌的两种观点，而不是两者之关系。 2. A. 电和致癌有一定难以确定的关系。答案在第二段第三句，环保署目前的结论是据科学证据 指出极低频电磁场——具有长波的电磁场——和白血病，淋巴瘤及脑癌之间有着难以确定的联系，见难句 注释 3。 A. 电确实致癌，不对。 C. 有争议的。说的不够清楚，争议什么。 D. 低频磁场是一个可能致癌因 素。这只是论点的一面。 3. B. 现代军事的任何部门都一直依赖于应用大量应用电子设备。五角大楼和白宫所以反对环保 署公布报告之理由就在此。空军方面的专家所以说环保署方面的报告“歪曲了整个文件以证明两者之间的 关系”也在此。见难句注释 4。所以文内说“角大楼的关注是可以理解的。” A. 报告会在布什政府内引起大规模的辩论，这是结果。 C. 五角大楼的关注是可以理解的，这不是原 因。 D. 他们有不同的观点。 4. A.磁场力太弱不会产生有害作用。答案在第四段第二，三句，当电流通过电缆，产生磁场，对 周围物体产生（影响）力。许多年来，科学家把任何有关“这些力可能有害的想法”置于一边（不予考虑）， 主要是因为它们（所产生的力）非常弱。 B. 磁场力比细胞产生的电磁场弱。只是明确指出的事实。 C. 磁场力对人的健康有害。不对。 D. 只 有更强的辐射才能把人体中的电子击出来。不对。 5. C. 他们会采取谨慎小心避开电器的途径。因为他们不可能象 A 项那样漠不关心。这种问题直 接影响人的生命。 B. 他们非常担忧。 D. 他们感到震惊，这两项都不可能，因为还在争议中，唯一的途径是尽量避开和 电器接触。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2014 统一模拟】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Earn Money This Summer with Sunny Libraries! Do you have too much free time this summer vacation? Do you need a summer job to earn extra money? Do you want to be involved in your community (社区)? Sunny Area Library System (SALS) has job opportunities for high school students. These are good chances to get work experience. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 Book Theater brings children' s book stories to life. It has shows at all Sunny Libraries. Applicants should enjoy performing in front of an audience and working with young children. Work Hours: Practice: Fridays 4:00 pm — 6:00 pm Performance: Tuesdays 10:00 am Rate of Pay: $16/performance Computer Tutor helps guests to deal with technology problems, involving Internet searches and using the SALS Website to find materials. Applicants should have computer skills. Work Hours: Monday—Friday 9:00 am—5:00 pm Rate of Pay: $ 8/hour Bookmobile helps the driver find the routes to libraries. The truck you work in is air-conditioned, and the driver is friendly. Applicants must be able to lift heavy boxes. Work Hours: Sunday and Friday 9:00 am — 4:00 pm Rate of Pay: $10/hour Reader Desk provides service with a smile while checking materials in and out to guests. Friendly attitude and ability to work on library data system required. Work Hours: Monday—Tuesday 8:00 am—4:00 pm Rate of Pay: $ 7.50/hour 56. If you are interested in acting, should be your choice. A. Book Theater B. Bookmobile C. Computer Tutor D. Reader Desk 57. If you get the job of "Bookmobile", you are expected to . A. work with young children B. lift heavy boxes C. check materials for guests D. repair computers 58. The purpose of the advertisement is to . A. attract students to libraries B. raise money for libraries C. introduce new books D. offer job opportunities 【参考答案】56. A 57. B 58. D