2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists学案（20页） 20页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists 学案 核心词汇 ‎1．If we ____________(打败) the Italian team，we’ll be through to the final.‎ ‎2．About two hundred students ____________(参加)the lecture by Professor Smith yesterday.‎ ‎3．Being ____________(暴露)to strong sunlight too much time is bad for your skin.‎ ‎4. Finding a cure for AIDS is one of the greatest ____________(挑战)facing doctors today.‎ ‎5．Two new roads have recently been opened，and several others are still under ____________(建设)．‎ ‎6．I applied for a job as a secretary there，but was ____________(拒绝)．‎ ‎7．His brother is a businessman who has already____________(捐助)500,000 yuan to the earthquakestricken area.‎ ‎8．Cigarettes give off too much poisonous vapour into the air，which ____________(污染)the environment badly.‎ ‎9．No one knows who stole her car，but the police have ____________ her neighbors.At last，the two ____________ were arrested today in connection with the robbery.(suspect)‎ ‎10．用conclude 的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Taking into account of all these factors，we may reach the ____________ that parents are the best teachers of their children.‎ ‎(2)Johnson ____________ from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off. ‎ ‎1.defeat　2.attended　3.exposed　4.challenges　5.construction　6.rejected/refused　7.contributed　8.pollute　9.suspected；suspects　10.(1)conclusion　(2)concluded 高频短语 ‎1．________________　　提出 ‎2．________________ 得出结论 ‎3．________________ 使显露；暴露 ‎4．________________ 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎5．________________ 除……之外；此外 ‎6．________________ 讲得通；有意义 ‎7．________________ 调查；研究 ‎8．________________ 导致 ‎9．________________ 有时 ‎10．________________ 反对 ‎11．________________ 对……严格的 ‎12．________________ 应受责备 ‎1.put forward　2.draw a ‎ conclusion　3.expose...to　4.link...to...　5.apart from　6.make sense　7.look into　8.lead to　9.at times　10.be against　11.(be) strict with...　12.be to blame 重点句式 ‎1．____________its cause ____________ its cure was understood.‎ 人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎2．So many thousands of terrified people died ____________ there was an outbreak.‎ 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ ‎3．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she ____________ to her house every day.‎ 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。‎ ‎4．__________________，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ____________.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ ‎5．____________you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎1.Neither；nor　2.every time　3.had it delivered　4.To prevent this from happening again；be examined　5.Only if 知识详解 ‎1conclude　vt.& vi.　断定，推断；使结束，终止；达成，缔结 归纳拓展 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津 P409)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.‎ 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。‎ ‎②(牛津 P409)He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.‎ 他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。‎ ‎③(牛津 P409)I’ve come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.‎ 我断定他不适合做这项工作。‎ ‎1．完成句子 ‎(1)我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。‎ ‎ We will have a further discussion before we ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：draw a final conclusion ‎(2)总之，我认为将来还有希望。‎ ‎________ ________，I think there is hope for the future.‎ 答案：In conclusion ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎(3)让我用一句谚语结束我的演讲：有志者，事竟成。‎ Let me ________ ________ ________ ________ a saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.‎ 答案：conclude my speech with ‎2defeat(defeated；defeated)　‎ ‎ vt.　打败；战胜；使受挫 ‎ n．　失败 ‎(回归课本P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”‎ ‎①(朗文P528)It was a lack of money，not effort，that defeated their plan.‎ 他们的计划失败并非努力不够，而是缺乏资金。‎ ‎②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.‎ 虽然生活中有许多困难要去克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。‎ ‎③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.‎ 我们的棒球队再次失败了。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ defeat，beat，win 这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。‎ ‎(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用来指在战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。‎ ‎(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ ‎2．用win；beat；defeat填空：‎ ‎(1)The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty ________the enemy.‎ 答案：defeating ‎(2)He was so nervous that he could feel his heart ________ faster.‎ 答案：beating ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎(3)Who do you think will ________ the beauty contest?‎ 答案：win ‎(4)You ____________ me in the race，but I’ll __________ you at tennis.‎ 答案：beat/defeated；beat/defeat ‎3 expose 　vt.　暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临 ‎(回归课本P5)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.‎ 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎【高效记忆】‎ 解析：选C。句意：众所周知，一些中东国家的妇女不把脸部露在外面。expose意为“暴露”。‎ 解析：选D。句意：在夏天人们撑伞的原因是暴露在烈日下会对皮肤有害。expose to...使暴露于；be exposed to暴露于，接触，此处作主语，所以要用v.ing形式，故选D。contribute贡献，不合句意。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ 解析：选A。sb. be to blame表示“某人应被责备”。又由Actually知此处应选A项。‎ 解析：选B。此题考查过去分词作状语。句意：因弄坏了学校计算机网络系统而受到谴责，Alice情绪很低落。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ 答案：contributes to 答案：made important contributions to ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎③It is wise to have some money put away for old age.(1996年高考全国卷)存些钱养老是明智的做法。‎ ‎④(2008年高考上海卷)She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week.‎ 她下午打电话把会议延期到下周。‎ ‎⑤I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal.‎ 我能容忍很多事情，但绝不容忍小偷小摸的人。‎ 意义 除……之外(还有)‎ 除……之外(别无)‎ 此外，除了 相当于 besides except/but except for 解析：选D。句意：除了繁忙的学校作业外，孩子们还必须在业余时间上艺术、音乐、体育课。apart from 除……之外还。‎ ‎12．(2011年东营模拟)I knew nothing about the accident ________ I read in the newspaper.‎ A．except that B．except for C．apart from D．except what 解析：选D。句意：关于这场事故除了我在报纸上所读到的之外我一无所知。由于空格后句子结构不完整，缺少宾语，故应由what引导，排除A、B、C项。‎ ‎9make sense　　有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎(回归课本P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.‎ 无论你怎样读这个句子，它都讲不通。‎ ‎②(2007年高考陕西卷)It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.‎ 在失控前致力解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make ‎ any sense of them at all.‎ 这一段中有那么多生词以致于我根本不理解它们的含义。‎ ‎④(朗文P1855)There is no sense in my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.‎ 如果我们打算以后把门换掉，那我给它上漆就毫无意义了。‎ ‎⑤In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.‎ 无论如何我都不赞同这个建议。‎ ‎13．(2011年上海交大附中模拟)—________to the sun，the flower will become dry soon.‎ ‎—What you said does make________.‎ A．Exposed；sense　　　　　　‎ B．Exposing；sense C．Exposed；senses ‎ D．Exposing；a sense ‎[即境活用]‎ 解析：选A。句意：——暴露在日光下，这花儿很快就会被晒干。——你说的话的确有道理。第一空expose与flower之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，第二空make sense为固定用法，表示“有道理，讲得通”。‎ 句型梳理 ‎【教材原句】　So many thousands of terrified people died every time ‎ there was an outbreak.(P2)‎ 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ ‎【句法分析】　(1)every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意思是“每当……”。‎ ‎(2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：‎ each time，any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。‎ ‎(3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句。‎ ‎①Every time I call the number，I get a busy signal.‎ 我每次拨打这个号码，电话总是忙音。‎ ‎②Each time they met，they would talk long hours together.‎ 他们每次见面都会谈论很长时间。‎ ‎③The first time he came to the city，he decided to settle here.‎ 他第一次来到这个城市，他就决定在此安家。‎ ‎④The last time I saw Kate，she was doing research on wild animals.我最后一次见到凯特时，她正在研究野生动物。‎ ‎⑤The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans.‎ 这位著名的歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。‎ ‎⑥I left immediately the clock struck 5.‎ 钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。‎ ‎【温馨提示】　(1)for the first ‎ time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎(2)It is the first time that...(如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。)‎ ‎(3)It’s high/about time that...(从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形)‎ ‎⑦It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.‎ 这是我第一次参观长城。‎ ‎⑧It is high time that we left for Beijing.‎ 到我们出发去北京的时间了。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎14．(2009年高考辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？‎ A．isn’t he　　　　　　　　B．hasn’t he C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it 解析：选C。句意：这是他第一次去澳大利亚，不是吗？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。‎ ‎15．(2009年高考陕西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.‎ A．see B．had seen C．saw D．have seen 解析：选D。句意：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”为固定句型，that从句需用现在完成时。‎ ‎16．Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.‎ A．at the time B．each time C．by the time D．sometimes 解析：选B。考查名词词组用作连词引导时间状语从句。句意：不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来。有类似用法的还有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D两项不能连接句子，C项意义不对。‎ ‎17．(2011年云南玉溪模拟)________you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.‎ A．At times B．Some time C．Every time D．The time 解析：选C。句意：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用作连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(P2)‎ 人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。‎ ‎【句法分析】　neither...nor...既不……，也不……，连接句中两个相同成分。neither...nor...连接并列主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与就近的名词或代词保持一致。本句的谓语动词应与its cure保持一致。‎ ‎①Neither my father nor I was there.‎ 我父亲和我都不在那里。‎ ‎②I have neither time nor money for the ball.‎ 我既没时间也没钱参加舞会。‎ ‎③Neither shall I go there，nor do I want to go.‎ 我既不会去那儿，也不想去那儿。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎④She not only speaks but also writes French.‎ 她不但能说法语，而且会写法语。‎ ‎⑤Either my father or my brothers are coming.‎ 我的父亲或者我的兄弟们要来。‎ ‎18．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.‎ A．I was neither　　　　　　　‎ B．neither was I C．I was either ‎ D．either was I ‎[即境活用]‎ 解析：选B。句意：Bill对Jason做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴)neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语表示某人/物也不(同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I句式，故选B。‎ ‎19．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.‎ A．he will either B．neither will he C．he neither will D．either he will 解析：选B。考查固定句型。句意：如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，他也不参加。“neither＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”表示“某人/物也不……”。either置于句末，也可表示“也”的意思，但它须与否定句连用。‎ 高考真题讲练 Imagine that your life is like a treasure hunt. One day, a particular goal __1__ your attention and you decide to __2__ on a treasure hunt. You begin the long hike and encounter a __3__ or two along the way. Already the __4__ path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining. Things get __5__ when you finally arrive at the spot. You say to yourself, “This doesn't look like the treasure I __6__ imagined! I must be on the wrong path. I __7__ all this time！”‎ You wonder，“Hmm ... maybe I should __8__ goals？” after thinking for a few moments. It's __9__ to feel a sense of disappointment or __10__ when this occurs, but I think the deeper problem is __11__ in how we approached the treasure in the first place.‎ The __12__ is that most people spend all of their time thinking about the treasure. The fastest way to get to a particular spot, __13__， is to set your compass and start walking. The idea here is to commit to your goal with the strongest __14__. Develop a clear, single－minded __15__ for where you are. And then __16__ all of your energy to the journey and be committed to the path you are walking.‎ In other words, your goal becomes your compass, not your buried treasure. The goal is your __17__， not your destination. The goal is a mission that you are on, a path that you __18__. That is just fine and worthwhile, __19__ comes from that path. It is the commitment to walking the path that __20__．‎ ‎【文章大意】　本文为议论文。生活就像一次寻宝之旅，到头来我们会发现所寻之物并非所愿。问题的根源在于一开始我们就没有弄清楚该如何接近宝藏。在方向确定后，目标是指南针不再是宝藏；目标是方向，不再是归宿；目标是使命，是选择的道路。忠诚于自己所选的道路，尽心尽力，风雨兼程。‎ ‎1. A. reminds　　　　　　　 B. turns C. pays D. grabs ‎1. 【答案】　D ‎ 【解析】　此处指“一个特定的目标吸引了你的注意力”，grab“吸引(某人的注意)”符合语境。remind“提醒”。‎ ‎2. A. set out B. work out C. give out D. turn out ‎2. 【答案】　A ‎ 【解析】　此处指你决定动身踏上这一寻宝之旅，set out“动身”符合语境。work out“锻炼身体；计算出”；give out“分发”；turn out“结果是”。‎ ‎3. A. challenge B. misfortune C. story D. surprise ‎3. 【答案】　A ‎ 【解析】　由“is starting to look different from the buried treasure”中的“different”以及“I must be on the wrong path”中的“wrong”可知，寻宝之旅遭受了挑战(challenge)。misfortune“不幸”。‎ ‎4. A. smooth B. actual C. narrow D. false ‎4. 【答案】　B ‎ 【解析】　根据上下文尤其是空后的“path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining”可知，实际的(actual)道路和你之前想象的不一样。smooth“平坦的”；narrow“狭窄的”；false“错误的”。‎ ‎5. A. better B. more complex C. more relaxing D. worse ‎5. 【答案】　D ‎ 【解析】　由下文中的“This doesn't look like the treasure I __6__ imagined! I must be on the wrong path”可知，最初你感到寻宝之旅发生变化，到最后情况变得更加糟糕(worse)。‎ ‎6. A. hardly B. usually C. previously D. normally ‎6. 【答案】　C ‎ 【解析】　根据语境尤其是“path is starting to look different from the ‎ buried treasure that you have been imagining”可知，此处表示这和先前(previously)想象的不一样。‎ ‎7. A. forgot B. wasted C. valued D. managed ‎7. 【答案】　B ‎ 【解析】　由空前的“I must be on the wrong path”可知，此处表示自己走错了路，浪费(wasted)了这些时间。value“重视；珍视”；manage“努力完成”。‎ ‎8. A. attain B. assess C. switch D. achieve ‎8. 【答案】　C ‎ 【解析】　由“I must be on the wrong path”可知，此处表示以为自己走错了路，所以没有找到想要的宝藏，故认为自己应改变(switch)目标。attain“获得”；assess“评价；评定”。‎ ‎9. A. natural B. necessary C. obvious D. strange ‎9. 【答案】　A ‎ 【解析】　根据行文逻辑可知，走错了路，寻错了宝，为此感到很失落是很正常的(natural)事。necessary“必要的”；obvious“明显的”；strange“奇怪的；陌生的”。‎ ‎10. A. failure B. confusion C. shame D. ignorance ‎10. 【答案】　B ‎ 【解析】　由“maybe I should __8__ goals”可知，你走错了路，找到的宝藏不是想要的，感觉要不要改变目标，这是一种困惑(confusion)，故选B项。failure“失败”；shame“耻辱”；ignorance“无知”。‎ ‎11. A. buffed B. lost C. absorbed D. rooted ‎11. 【答案】　D ‎ 【解析】　根据语境可知，此处表示作者分析没有找到想要的宝藏的根源(rooted)在于一开始就没有弄清楚该如何接近宝藏。‎ ‎12. A. evidence B. lesson C. truth D. problem ‎12. 【答案】　D ‎ 【解析】　根据空后的“most people spend all of their time thinking about the treasure. The fastest way to get to a particular spot, __13__， is to set your compass and start walking”可知，花费所有的时间想宝藏而不设置好指南针再出发是问题(problem)所在。evidence“证据”；lesson“教训”；truth“真相”。‎ ‎13. A. anyway B. however C. otherwise D. therefore ‎13. 【答案】　B ‎ 【解析】　参见上题 【解析】。‎ ‎14. A. belief B. feelings C. support D. nerves ‎14. 【答案】　A ‎ 【解析】　根据下文中的“be committed to the path you are walking”和“It is the commitment to walking the path”并结合语境可知，你要专注于(focus)往哪里去，然后坚定地走下去，故此处表示你需要有最强的信念(belief)。‎ ‎15. A. habit B. desire C. focus D. interest ‎15. 【答案】　C ‎ 【解析】　参见上题 【解析】。desire“愿望；渴望”。‎ ‎16. A. preserve B. improve C. research D. devote ‎16. 【答案】　D ‎ 【解析】　根据语境可知，此处表示要倾尽所能，尽心尽力，风雨兼程。devote“献身；致力；专心”，符合语境。preserve“保存”；improve“改善”。‎ ‎17. A. dream B. motto C. direction D. schedule ‎17. 【答案】　C ‎ 【解析】　文章最后一段是主旨的升华。结合文章主旨及选项可知，此处指目标是方向(direction)，不是归宿。motto“箴言；格言”；schedule“日程安排”。‎ ‎18. A. follow B. show C. recommend D. demand ‎18. 【答案】　A ‎ 【解析】　由上文中的“be committed to the path you are walking”可知，目标是一个使命，是一条需要遵循(follow)的道路。recommend“推荐”；demand“要求”。‎ ‎19. A. whichever B. whatever C. whoever D. whenever ‎19. 【答案】　B ‎ 【解析】　此处指不论这条道路上有什么，那都很好，也很值得。whatever“无论什么”符合语境。‎ ‎20. A. deserves B. counts C. works D. gathers ‎20. 【答案】　B ‎ 【解析】　根据空前一句可知，忠诚于自己所选的道路，尽心尽力才是最重要的。count“重要”符合语境。deserve“值得”；gather“聚集”。‎