2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity单元学案（21页word版） 21页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity单元学案 ‎【一】单元基础词汇语法梳理 ‎ 核心单词 ‎1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著 常用结构：‎ make a distinction between 对……加以区分 win a distinction for 因……而获功勋 without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地 联想拓展 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同 ‎（as）distinct from ... 与……不同（的）‎ He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。‎ You should make your writing distinct. ‎ 你应该把字写清楚。 ‎ ‎

‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①There is a distinct possibility that she’ll be your teacher next term.‎ ‎②Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other. ‎ 答案： ①她下学期当你们老师的可能性非常大。‎ ‎②那两种观点截然不同。‎ ‎

‎ ‎2. means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）‎ 常用结构：‎ by means of 用……办法；借助……‎ by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以 by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）‎ by every means 用尽一切可能的办法 易混辨析 ‎ means/way/method ‎ means指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。‎ ‎ way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。‎ ‎ method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。‎ a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做……的方法 in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种／些方法 by the way 顺便问一下 ‎ on one’ s way to ... 在去……的路上 in the way 挡住路 温馨提示 means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Radio and television are important means of communication. ‎ 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。‎ Please find an alternative means of transport.‎ 请另外找一种运输方式。‎ Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。‎ All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。‎ She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 ‎ ‎—May I have a look at your book?‎ ‎— . ‎ A. By this means B. By all means C. By this way D. By any means ‎（2）翻译句子 ‎ ‎①这绝非解决问题的良计。‎ ‎②他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。‎ 解析： (1) 选B。by all means意为“一定；当然可以”，符合句意。‎ ‎(2)①This is by no means a good way to solve the problem.‎ ‎②He let himself down slowly by means of a rope. ‎ ‎

‎ ‎3. majority ‎ n. 大多数；大半 ‎ A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.‎ 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。‎ The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. ‎ 多数人赞成这个建议。‎ 常用结构：‎ be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数 联想拓展 major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻 minority adj.&n. 少数；少数民族；未成年 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 Every means been tried and all well now.‎ A. have; go B. has; go C. has; goes D. have; goes ‎（2）完成句子 ‎ English speakers form the (大多数) of the population.‎ ‎(3)用适当的介词填空 ‎①Among the members of the committee those who favour the changes are the majority. ‎ ‎②They had a large majority the other party at the last election. ‎ ‎(4)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①The majority of people (prefer) peace to war.‎ ‎②The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair.‎ 解析：(1) 选B。 考查means作主语时谓语动词的形式。means意为“方式，方法”，单复数形式相同，被every修饰时谓语动词用单数形式；被all修饰时谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎(2)Majority (3) ①in ②over ‎(4) ①prefer/prefers ②is ‎4. occur ‎ vi. 发生；存在；出现 常用结构：‎ occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到 it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事 it occurs to sb. that ... 某人想到……‎ Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。‎ It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。‎ 易混辨析 ‎ happen/occur/take place ‎ happen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。‎ ‎ occur 文言意味较浓,常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。 ‎ ‎ take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”，此外还有“举行”的意思。‎ New things are happening all around us.‎ 新事物在我们周围不断发生。‎ The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m. ‎ 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。‎ When will the basketball game take place?‎ 篮球赛何时举行？ ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. ‎ ‎ ‎ Happened B. occurred C. thought D. took place ‎ 解析：选B。由空格后的to可知，选B。occur to 一个想法突然呈现……。 ‎ ‎5. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示 I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。‎ Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。‎ 常用结构：‎ indicate sth. (to sb.)‎ 向（某人）表示某事；把……指给（某人）看 indicate that ...表示……；示意……‎ 联想拓展 indication n. 指出；表明 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 ‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ ‎①The government has (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.‎ ‎②A flashing red light (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.‎ ‎③There is every (表明) of a change in the weather.‎ 答案： ①indicated ② indicated ③indication 重点短语 ‎6. live on ‎ 继续存在；继续生存 She lived on for many years after her husband died.‎ 丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。‎ 联想拓展 live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生 live for sth. 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存 live up to sth. ‎ 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准 live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象 live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……岁 live a... life 过着……的生活 ‎ 高手过招 用live的相关短语填空 ‎ ‎①The lonely old man charity. ‎ ‎②Mozart was dead but his music .‎ ‎③My grandfather both world wars.‎ ‎④We should work hard and try to our parents’ expectations.‎ ‎⑤The brave girl is learning to her disability.‎ ‎ 答案：① lives on ② lives on ③ lived through ‎ ④ live up to ⑤ live with ‎7. team up with ‎（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与……合作 The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ He (与某人一起合作) his brother in the doubles. ‎ 答案： teamed/teams up with ‎8. mark out 划线；标出……的界线 They marked out the tennis court with white paint.‎ 他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。 ‎ Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。‎ 联想拓展 mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事 mark down 写下，记下；降低……的价格 mark up 标出；提高……的价格 mark in 加画；绘入 mark out for 看中；选定 Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。‎ Some shops marked up the goods unfairly.‎ 有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。‎ He marked the book down to 49 cents.‎ 他把书的标价降为49分。 ‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①他被选定担当更高的职位。‎ ‎②我把那一点记在我的笔记本上。‎ 答案：①He was marked out for a higher position.‎ ‎②I marked that down in my notebook.‎ ‎

‎ ‎9. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗 The students find it easy to take in what you teach. ‎ 学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。 ‎ He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.‎ 他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。 ‎ 联想拓展 take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等) ‎ take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下 take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使……回忆 起昔日 take care of 照料；保管 take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理 take medicine 服药 take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来 ‎ take over 继承；接收，接管 take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞 take on 承担，从事；呈现 take one’ s place 入座；代替某人的位置 take one’ s time 不急，慢慢干 ‎ 高手过招 用take的相关短语填空 ‎ ‎①Don’ t be by his promises.‎ ‎②Who do you think will now that the governor has been dismissed? ‎ ‎③These boxes of yours are too much space. ‎ ‎④I was really when seeing old photos. ‎ ‎⑤Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now .The opera is soon to begin.‎ ‎⑥Tom carefully what the teacher said.‎ 答案： ①taken in ②take over ③taking up ‎④taken back ⑤take your place ‎⑥took down 重点句型 ‎10. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. ‎ 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。‎ what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s) that。因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s) that取代的，只能用what。‎ 联想拓展 ‎①名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，what必须作句子成分。‎ ‎②名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。‎ What he said sounds reasonable.‎ 他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语)‎ That our team has won the game has been proved.‎ 已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。‎ ‎(that在主语从句中不作句子成分)‎ There are many books available. I don’ t know which to read.‎ 有许多书可供阅读，但我不知道读哪一本。‎ ‎(which指的是前文提到的books中的一本)‎ What book do you want to buy?‎ 你想买哪种书？(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)‎ 高手过招 选词填空（that/what） ‎ ‎①This is he wanted.‎ ‎②This is the thing he wanted.‎ ‎③She is no longer she used to be.‎ ‎④She is no longer the person she used to be.‎ 答案： ①what ②that ③what ④that 单元阅读理解专题训练 A ‎ This is a story that happened in Europe in the 17th century. Tulips(郁金香) were introduced into Holland before the 17th century but it did not take long for the flowers to gain popularity among the upper classes. ‎ Flowers of such beauty soon became symbols of power and the rich tried their best to lay their hands on some to display them in their gardens. When more people learned of the prices that the rich were willing to pay for tulips, they knew they just found a “get-rich-quick” gold mine.‎ ‎ By 1634, the whole country was so attracted by tulips that all other activities almost came to a stop. People were trading in tulips and even buying and selling bulbs(球茎). At that time, one rare bulb cost as much as ten tons of cheese.‎ ‎ Many made a fortune in the beginning. As the prices moved in one direction, they only needed to buy low and sell high, buy high and sell higher. After the gains, confidence rose and many sold away all their property in order to invest more money in tulips, hoping to make more money. The desire was so strong that those who were watching also rushed to the tulip market. Everyone thought that the high demand for tulips would continue forever and prices could only go up because more and more people from all over the world would start to like tulips.‎ ‎ When the prices of tulips was much higher than it should be, few people bought them for planting in their gardens. The real demand for the flowers seemed greater than it really was. Many people were buying them for speculation(投机), not appreciation. In 1637, for some unknown reasons, a group of people suddenly realized the danger. The prices of tulips began to fall and the market crashed. When confidence was ‎ destroyed, it could not be recovered and prices kept falling. Soon the nobles and the rich became poor. Cries of suffering were heard everywhere in Holland.‎ ‎ 1. Why did the upper classes buy tulips in the beginning?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Because the prices of tulips were low.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Because they wanted to make a fortune.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Because tulips were introduced from abroad.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Because tulips were beautiful and represented power.‎ ‎ 2. It can be inferred from the passage that  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ greed(贪婪) was the reason why so many people were mad about tulips ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ tulips became popular among the upper classes very slowly ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ people who were mad about tulips bought them for appreciation ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ when the prices were extremely high, most people planted tulips in their gardens ‎ 3. The passage is mainly about  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Europe in the 17th century ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ buying and selling tulips ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ being mad about tulips ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ the life of the nobles and the rich B ‎ The most common symbol of a nation in the modern world is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.‎ ‎ The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive (原始的) artifact. It is, rather, the product of thousands of years' development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.‎ ‎ Early human beings used very fragile (脆弱的) houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People's food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.‎ ‎ Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection of the flag with ‎ heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems(图腾) before carrying them into battle. They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.‎ ‎ These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked: The king of China around 1000 BC was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab Lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.‎ ‎ 4. The best title for the passage would be  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Development of the National Flag ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Power of the National Flag ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Type of Flags ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Uses of flags ‎ 5. The underlined word "vulnerable" in paragraph 3 means  .‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ impossible to make sure of B.‎ ‎ likely to be protected A.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ easy to damage D.‎ ‎ difficult to find ‎ 6. What does the author know of the first national flag?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ He knows when it was sent to Europe.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ He believes it was made in China.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ He thinks it came from China.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ He doubts where it started.‎ ‎ 7. What will the author most probably talk about next?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ The role of China in the spread of the national flag.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ The second ancestor of the national flag.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The use of modern flags in Europe.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ The importance of modern flags.‎ ‎ C ‎ New archaeological discoveries suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began many centuries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a range of scientific and ‎ historical research, could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road.‎ ‎ The latest and most surprising discovery is pieces of silk found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from about 1,000 BC, long before regular traffic on the Silk Road and at least one thousand years before silk was previously thought to be used in Egypt.‎ ‎ The official origin of East-West commerce along the road is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wudi returned from a dangerous secret mission(使命) across the western desert into the remote Central Asia. The agent, Zhang Qian, travelled as far as Afghanistan and brought back knowledge of even more distant lands such as Persia, Syria and a place known as Lijien, perhaps Rome. Historians have called this one of the most important journeys in ancient times. His journey opened the way for what have been thought to be the first indirect contacts between the ancient world's two superpowers, China and Rome. Chinese silk, first traded to central Asian tribes for war horses and to the Parthians of old Persia in exchange for acrobats and ostrich eggs, was soon finding its way through a network of merchants to the luxury markets of Rome.‎ ‎ But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk was apparently present in the West long before the Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road. The research could change thinking about the early ‎ history of world trade and wonder the mystery of just when and how Europe and the Mediterranean lands first became aware of the glorious culture.‎ ‎ 8. The underlined word "coupled" in the first paragraph could best be replaced by  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ produced B.‎ ‎ continued C.‎ ‎ doubled D.‎ ‎ combined ‎ 9. The silk thread found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy suggests that  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Egyptians had probably travelled to China to buy silk ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ trade along the Silk Road began earlier than once thought ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ historical research often achieves fascinating results ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ new light can now be thrown on ancient trading practices ‎10. Until recently most historians officially believed that trade along the Silk Road  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ originated in the 2nd century BC ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ extended human migration into eastern Asia ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ began a million years ago ‎ ‎ ‎ primarily benefited the Egyptians D.‎ ‎11. Historians have always considered Zhang Qian's journey important because they believe  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ he brought back knowledge of Rome to the emperor ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ he discovered the Silk Road ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ he helped establish East-West trade ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ he travelled as far as Afghanistan 答案：阅读理解 ‎ 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C ‎ ‎ 6. D 7. B ‎ 二、阅读理解 ‎ 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C ‎