2019届一轮复习译林版必修二Unit3Amazingpeople学案(1) 21页

‎　Unit 3 Amazing people 个人情况之(二)‎ ‎——杰出人物 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．preserve vt.保存，保护，保持　　2.entrance n．入口 ‎3．native adj.本地的，本国的 4.data n．(pl.)数据；资料 ‎5．companion n．伴侣；陪伴 6.candidate n．候选人，申请人 ‎7．connection n．联系，关联 8.explorer n．探险家；勘探者 ‎9．murder vt.& n．谋杀 10.survival n．幸存，存活 ‎11．status n．地位，身份 12.superior n．上级adj.更好的 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．content n．内容 2.punishment n．惩罚 ‎3．virus n．病毒 4.disturb vt.打扰，扰乱 ‎5．various adj.各种各样的 6.optimistic adj.乐观的 ‎7．outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的 8.desire n．愿望，渴望vt.期望，渴望 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇(心)‎ ‎　2.fortune n．大笔的钱，财富；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸运地 ‎　3.scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 ‎　4.requirement n．要求，规定→require v．要求 ‎*5.inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→inspired adj.受到启发的→inspiring adj.令人振奋的→inspiration n．灵感；激励 ‎*6.discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻→courage n．勇气→encourage v．鼓励→encouragement n．鼓励 ‎*7.devotion n．奉献；忠诚；专心→devote vt.献出，付出；专心于→devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 ‎　8.organization n．组织；机构→organize v．组织→organizer n．组织者 ‎*9.apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用→application n．申请→applicant n．申请人 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1. When asked where her inspiration of the novel came from, she said her father's inspiring words inspired her to write it.‎ ‎2．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously. To meet their curiosity,_we'd better answer them.‎ ‎3．The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his education cause.‎ ‎4．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th. ‎ ‎5．The failure in the English contest discouraged my brother.What's worse, he felt discouraged in other subjects.In order to help him regain his courage and get relaxed, my parents and I all encouraged him to take a trip.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．expert /'ekspɜːt/ n. 专家；专业工作者 ‎2．qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ n．　　资格 ‎3．potential /pə'tenʃl/ adj. 潜在的 n. 潜力 ‎4．undertake /ʌndə'teɪk/ vt. 承担，从事，负责 ‎5．program /'prəʊɡræm/ n. 项目；工程；规划 ‎6．worthwhile /wɜːθ'waɪl/ adj. 值得的；值得做的 ‎7．childhood /'tʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年；幼年时代 ‎8．respect /rɪ'spekt/ vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 ‎9．considerate /kən'sɪd(ə)rət/ adj. 体贴的，体谅的，‎ ‎ 考虑周到的 ‎10．modest /'mɒdɪst/ adj. 谦虚的；谦让的 ‎11．astronomer /ə'strɒnəmə/ n. 天文学家 ‎12．plain /pleɪn/ adj. 朴素的；简单的 ‎13．uniform /'juːnɪfɔːm/ n. 制服 ‎14．cheerful /'tʃɪəfʊl；f(ə)l/ adj. 兴高采烈的 ‎15．create /kriː'eɪt/vt. 创造，创作；造成 ‎16．sympathetic /sɪmpə'θetɪk/ adj. 同情的 ‎17．independent /ˌɪndɪ'pendənt/ adj. 独立的 ‎18．virtue /'vɜːtjuː；tʃuː/ n. 美德，品行 ‎19．dignity /'dɪgnɪtɪ/ n. 尊贵，高尚 ‎20．sensitive /'sensɪtɪv/ adj. 敏感的 ‎21．intelligence /ɪn'telɪdʒ(ə)ns/ n. 智力 ‎22．distinction /dɪ'stɪŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. 优秀，卓越 ‎23．outstanding /aʊt'stændɪŋ/ adj. 杰出的 ‎24．resign /rɪ'zaɪn/ vt.& vi. 辞职 ‎25．bonus /'bəʊnəs/ n. 津贴，奖金，红利 ‎26．renowned /rɪ'naund/ adj. 著名的；有声望的 ‎27．devise /dɪ'vaɪz/ vt. 设计 ‎28．interest /'ɪnt(ə)rɪst/ n. 兴趣；利息 ‎29．colleague /'kɒliːg/ n. 同事 ‎30．background /'bækgraʊnd/ n. 背景 ‎31．impress /ɪm'pres/ vt. 使印象深刻 ‎32．deliberately /di'libərətli/ adv. 故意地；谨慎地；‎ ‎ 慎重地 ‎33．issue /'ɪʃuː； 'ɪsjuː/ n. 问题；流出；期号 ‎ vt.发行，发布；放出，排出 ‎ vi. 发行；流出 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.come_across (偶然)遇见；发现　*2.result_in导致，结果是……‎ ‎ *3.look_up_to敬佩 *4.be_curious_about 对……感到好奇 ‎　5.set_sail 启航 *6.as_well_as 也，以及 ‎*7.come_into_use使用 　8.be_known_as 作为……而出名 ‎　9.be_fit_for适合 　10.in_connection_with关于 ‎　11.go_down_in_history载入史册 　12.pay_off成功；带来好结果 ‎　13.of_all_time有史以来 　14.get_in_touch_with取得联系 ‎　15.live/realize_one's_dream实现梦想 　16.be_in_control_of_(something)掌管 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1. The citizens of the city all look_up_to the policeman who shows courage and devotion to duty.‎ ‎2．During your tour, you'll come_across rivers, mountain ranges, spectacular waterfalls, wildlife and long wild beaches.(2018·苏州一模)‎ ‎3．They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this ‎ increase in carbon dioxide.‎ ‎4．People have always been_curious_about exactly how life on earth began.‎ ‎5．The American Red Cross provides relief to victims of disasters, _as_well_as helps people prevent, prepare for and respond to all sorts of emergencies.‎ ‎6．During the nineteenth century, a unit of chemical currency called the mole came_into_use.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．believe in 　　　相信，坚信 ‎2．be interested in 对……感兴趣 ‎ ‎3．make contributions to 对……做贡献 ‎4．have an effect on 影响 ‎5．make progress 取得进步 ‎6．take on 雇用；接纳；承担 ‎7．be gifted at 对……有天赋 ‎8．be skilled in 在……方面熟练 ‎9．medium height 中等身材 ‎10．be in charge of sth. 主管 ‎11．get along/on with 与……相处 ‎12．sign up for 报名，参加 ‎13．be absent from 缺席……‎ ‎14．graduate from 从……毕业 ‎15．be strict with 对……要求严格 ‎16．be absorbed/occupied in 全神贯注于 ‎17．do/make/perform/carry out an experiment 做实验 ‎18．have a good command of 精通……‎ ‎19．catch up with 赶上 ‎20．go in for/participate in/join in 参加，从事 ‎21．get/be promoted 获得晋升 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．by＋时间名词，在句中作状语 ‎[例句]　By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. ‎ ‎[仿写]　到上周为止，已有二十个留学生已经接受了我们的邀请。(2017·6月浙江高考满分作文)‎ By_last_week twenty students from abroad had_accepted our invitation.‎ ‎2．“连词＋过去分词”是状语从句的省略 ‎[例句]　If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.‎ ‎[仿写]　如果对它感兴趣，你可以将你的申请发到pingpong@123.com。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)‎ If_interested_in_it,_you may email your application to pingpong@123.com.‎ ‎3．强调句型 ‎[例句]　Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.‎ ‎[仿写]　 是魏源，在他的书《海国图志》中首先将现代技术和理念介绍到中国。(2016·北京高考满分作文)‎ It_was_Wei_Yuan,_in his book Haiguo Tuzhi, who_first_introduced modern technologies and ideas to China.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Born in 1995, he, a 23yearold student, is studying in a university.‎ 他出生在1995年，现在是一个23岁的学生，正在一所大学就读。‎ ‎2．She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific achievements.‎ 因为在化学方面的科研成就她被授予诺贝尔奖。‎ ‎3．John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.‎ 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。‎ ‎4．He gained popularity in local areas, which caught attention of a famous Chinese singer, who recommended him to CCTV.‎ 他在当地很有名气，引起了一名中国著名歌唱家的注意，并把他推荐给了中国中央电视台。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Bill Gates was born on 28 October, 1955 and grew up in Seattle. His father was a lawyer while his mother was a teacher. At the age of 13, he was curious about computers, discovered his interest in software and began programming computers. It was Bill Gates who had a dramatic effect on the computer technology in the world. Although he has much fortune, he was still a simple and kind person.‎ 比尔·盖茨出生于1955年10月28日，在西雅图长大。他的父亲是一位律师，他的母亲是一位教师。在他13岁时，他对计算机感到好奇并且发现对软件很感兴趣并开始给计算机编程。是比尔·盖茨对世界电脑技术产生了巨大影响。尽管他很富有，但是他很简朴善良。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的；奇特的 ‎　[教材原句]　He was bright and curious about the world outside his home town.‎ 他天资聪颖，并且对家乡外部的世界充满了好奇。‎ ‎(1)be curious about ...　　对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 极想做某事 ‎(2)curiosity n. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 ‎(3)curiously adv. 好奇地 ‎①He likes travelling, because he is_curious_to_know more about the world.‎ 他喜欢旅游，因为他渴望更多地了解这个世界。‎ ‎②Questions you raise must clearly be motivated by curiosity_(curious) about the speaker's views.(2018·日照一模)‎ 你提的问题显然是出于对演讲者的观点好奇而激发的。‎ ‎③Curiously (curious), the struggle to survive has greatly improved her health. ‎ 奇怪的是，她求生的抗争使得她的健康状况大有好转。‎ ‎2．fortune n．[C]大笔的钱，财富；命运，前途；[U]运气 ‎　[教材原句]　Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings.‎ 在这些陵墓中，他发现了一大批的珠宝和黄金以及已故国王们保存的遗体。‎ ‎(1)make a/one's fortune　　　发财 try one's fortune 碰运气 ‎(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ‎(3)fortunately＝luckily adv. 幸运地 unfortunately＝unluckily adv. 不幸地 ‎(4)misfortune n. 不幸①We've all heard stories of school dropouts who have made_their/a_fortune.‎ 我们都听到过很多辍学生发财的故事。‎ ‎②My cousin was_fortunate_to_find a job as soon as she graduated from the university. ‎ 我的表妹一大学毕业就幸运地找到了一份工作。‎ ‎③The store caught fire. Fortunately (fortunate), all the people there escaped from it.‎ 商店着火了。幸运的是，那里所有的人都逃了出来。‎ ‎3．content n．内容；[复数]容纳的东西；目录；[单数]含量；满足adj.满足的，满意的vt.使满足 ‎　[教材原句]　Afterwards, all of its contents would go into a museum.‎ 随后，所有墓中的东西都将进入博物馆。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中content的含义 ‎①There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)含量 ‎②It is reported that more than half of those surveyed on the website say they are content with their current life. 满意的 ‎③There is a table of contents in front of a dictionary.目录 ‎④Will it content you if I let you have candies tomorrow？使满足 ‎⑤The contents of the letter are still secret until today. 内容 ‎(1)be/feel content with ...　　　　　对……满足/满意 be content to do sth. 乐于做某事 ‎(2)content oneself with ... 满足于……‎ ‎⑥Those who are_content_with/content_themselves_with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.‎ 那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大的作为。‎ ‎4．disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；使(某人)烦恼或不安 ‎　[教材原句]　When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses. ‎ 墓穴被打开时，新鲜空气扰乱了病毒的生存环境。‎ ‎(1)It disturbs sb. to do sth.　做某事使某人不安 be disturbed by为……感到不安；被……打扰 ‎(2)disturbed adj. 感到不安的；心烦意乱的 disturbing adj. 令人不安的，引起烦恼的 ‎①Dad normally hates being_disturbed (disturb) when he is writing.(2018·上海一模)‎ 爸爸通常不喜欢在写作的时候被打扰。‎ ‎②The book takes place during a disturbing (disturb) time in South Africa, when the country was dealing with violence and the rapid spread of AIDS.(2018·南宁模拟)‎ 这本书写的是南非的一个令人不安的时期，当时该国正在处理暴力和艾滋病的迅速蔓延。‎ ‎③My grandmother is_very_disturbed_by the loss of hearing.‎ 我祖母对失去听力深感不安。‎ ‎④It_disturbed_her_to_realize that she was alone. ‎ 她意识到自己孤单一人，心里很不安。‎ ‎5．discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻，阻止；使泄气 ‎[教材原句]　Even though some of the gorillas were quite dangerous, this did not discourage Dian.‎ 尽管有些大猩猩相当危险，但这没有阻止黛安。‎ ‎(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.‎ 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心 ‎(2)discouraging adj.　　　令人泄气或沮丧的 discouraged adj. (人)感到泄气或沮丧的 ‎(3)discouragement n. 劝阻；泄气；使人泄气的事； 挫折，气馁 ‎①In an effort to discourage_people_from_using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products.(2018·烟台一模)‎ 为了劝人们不要使用塑料，科学家们一直在努力发明可替代的包装产品。‎ ‎②Yet instead of being_discouraged_by my slow progress, I was excited.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形) ‎ 我并没有因为自己进步缓慢而沮丧，相反我很兴奋。‎ ‎③Today's report on the economy is so_discouraging_that many people lose hope of their business.‎ 今天的经济报告是如此令人沮丧以至于许多人对生意失去了希望。‎ ‎6．desire n．渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要 ‎[教材原句]　He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.‎ 他总是强烈渴望能学习飞行。‎ ‎(1)have/lose a desire ‎(2)desire to do sth.　　　　　　　　渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth. 渴望……‎ ‎(3)desired adj. 渴望的；想得的 ‎①Most people have_a_desire_to collect things.‎ 大多数人都想收集东西。‎ ‎②We desire that immediate help (should)_be_given (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.‎ 我们渴望能给那些被洪水围困的当地村民们提供及时的救援。‎ ‎③Sleeping upon a hard bed without any pillow sometimes bring the_desired_result. ‎ 在没有枕头的硬床上睡觉有时会带来理想的结果。‎ ‎④I desire to_contact (contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.‎ 我想和他联系，就提高我的听力征求一些建议。‎ ‎[名师点津]　desire后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should ＋动词原形”形式，should 可以省略。‎ ‎7．apply vi.申请；适用vt.使用，应用；专心于；涂抹，敷 ‎[教材原句]　In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou.‎ ‎1998年，他申请成为“921”计划(现名“神舟”计划)的成员。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中apply的含义 ‎①In this way they can better apply theory to practice.应用，使用 ‎②Interested in this international network, I am writing to apply for its membership. 申请 ‎③The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.涂抹，敷 ‎(1)apply ... to ...把……运用到……中； 把……涂到……上 apply to ... 适应……；适用于……‎ apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……‎ apply oneself to 集中精力于 ‎(2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；适用 ‎④When an idea occurred to the applicant,_he first applied_it_to his work. He also applied_for a patent about it. Then he applied_himself_to making necessary changes.‎ 当那位申请人想到一个主意时，他首先把它应用到他的工作中。他还申请了一项专利。然后他集中精力做了必要的改变。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．preserve vt.保存，保护，保持n.保护区 完成句子 ‎①Social activities usually preserve_old_people_from the loneliness.‎ 社会活动经常保护老年人免于孤独之苦。‎ ‎②I think these interesting old customs should be_well_preserved.‎ 我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该被很好地保留下来。‎ ‎③In this nature_preserve,_all the rare plants are_wellpreserved.‎ 在这种自然保护区，所有珍稀植物都保存完好。‎ ‎2．inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞 ‎　单句语法填空 ‎①She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to_lay (lay) down their weapons.(2016·江苏高考阅读)‎ ‎②The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations (inspire) for great inventions.(2017·北京高考)‎ ‎③It is really inspiring (inspire) to hear that my son got first place in the maths contest.‎ ‎④Every day in our work, we are inspired (inspire) by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.(2016·四川高考阅读)‎ ‎[点拨]　inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的(修饰说明物)；inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的(修饰说明人)。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Some people eat wild animals not only to enjoy the taste but also to want to satisfy their curiosity (curious)．‎ ‎2．His parents tried to discourage him from going abroad, but failed.‎ ‎3．Everyone desires to_live (live) in a world free of worries and pains.‎ ‎4．Unfortunately (fortunate), that rickety old sled (雪橇) they used couldn't hold up and they crashed.‎ ‎5．My grandfather contented himself (he) with a single glass of wine.‎ ‎6．Many measures have been taken to preserve our natural resources from being wasted.‎ ‎7．Our teacher inspired us to_make (make) greater efforts.‎ ‎8．I'm writing to apply for the position advertised in your company.‎ ‎9．Being native, Iammy had no trouble in finding the entrance to the valley.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Inspiring by the speech, the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.Inspiring→Inspired ‎2．Don't be so discouraging. If you put away such feelings, you will do better next time. discouraging→discouraged ‎3．Short after that race I got it in my head that I could run a marathon.Short→Shortly ‎4．People gathered round, curiously to know what was happening.curiously→curious ‎5．I am very disturbing by the complaints that have been made against you. disturbing→disturbed ‎6．We always desire live in harmony with our neighbors.live前加to ‎7．If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply for her.for→to ‎8．The organization was set up to preserve endangered species to extinction. 第二个to→from Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1. Everyone has a chance of making_a_fortune (发财) by struggling.‎ ‎2．You should't be_content_with_such_small_success (满足于这样小的成功)．‎ ‎3．I should apply_for_the_post (申请这个职位) if I were you.‎ ‎4．这位老妇人希望她的儿女们不时地来看望她。‎ ‎①The old woman desired her sons and daughters to_come_and_see her from time to time.(desire sb. to do)‎ ‎②The old woman desired_that her sons and daughters come_and_see her from time to time.(desire that ...)‎ ‎5．我们希望坏天气不会阻止人们前来。‎ ‎①We hope the bad weather won't discourage_people_from coming along.(discourage)‎ ‎②We hope the bad weather won't prevent_people_from coming along.(prevent)‎ ‎③We hope the bad weather won't stop_people_from coming along.(stop)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 ‎　[教材原句]　There, they came across the tomb of King Tutankhamun.‎ 在那个地方，他们偶然发现了图坦卡蒙国王的陵墓。‎ come along　　　　跟随 come about 发生 come on 来吧；赶快；进行 come out 出版；出来；出现；结果是 come to 苏醒；总计；达到 come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉 come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提出 come up with 想出；提出 when it comes to ... 当谈到……时 ‎①When walking down the street, I came_across David who I hadn't seen for years.‎ 当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。‎ ‎②However, new shoots of bamboo will come_up from around the roots of the old ones. ‎ 然而，新的竹笋将从旧根的周围长出来。‎ ‎③I can use the computer. When it comes to repairing (repair) it, I know nothing.‎ 我会使用电脑，但谈到修电脑，我一无所知。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“(偶然)遇见”的短语还有：run across; run into; meet with; meet ...by chance/by accident等。‎ ‎2．result in 导致，结果是……‎ ‎[教材原句]　If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.‎ 如果(这些病毒)被人体吸入，它们可能导致疾病甚至死亡。‎ ‎(1)result from　　　由……造成；因……而产生 ‎(2)as a result 结果 as a result of ... 作为……的结果 ‎①Look for a review partner because studying by yourself might eventually result_in_laziness.‎ 寻找一个复习的搭档，因为你独自学习可能最终会产生惰性。‎ ‎②The train was delayed as_a_result_of the heavy rain.‎ 由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。‎ ‎③As_a_result,_people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ ‎ 结果，人们将吃更多的食物去努力弥补损失的东西。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“导致”的短语还有：lead to; contribute to; bring about; account for等。‎ ‎3. pay off 成功，带来好结果；得到回报；还清 ‎　[教材原句]　All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off! ‎ 我作为探险家多年的训练终于得到了回报！‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中pay off的含义 ‎①However difficult you find it to arrange your time, it will pay off in the long run. 带来好结果 ‎②They have loans, bills, a mortgage to pay off, retirement to save for.还清 ‎③Tim, believe me, all your efforts will pay off some day. 得到回报 pay back　　　　　　　偿还，偿付；报复 pay for ... 付钱买……，为……付出代价 pay sb. money for ... 为……付给某人钱 pay a visit to sb./sp. 访问某人/参观某处 pay attention to 注意 ‎ ‎④I'll pay_him_back for making me look like a fool in front of everyone.‎ 他让我当众出丑，我非治治他不可。‎ ‎⑤He paid_twenty_dollars_for the secondhand tool.‎ 他花20美元买了这件二手工具。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在对pay off短语进行考查时，其抽象意义“带来好结果，得到好回报”‎ 是考查的重点。‎ ‎⑥Though poems in the Tang Dynasty are very difficult to learn, your efforts will_pay_off in time.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)‎ 尽管唐诗很难学，但你的努力总有一天会得到回报。‎ ‎4．By the 1920s, he had_become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.‎ 到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家， 致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。‎ 句中by the 1920s意为“到了20世纪20年代”。“by＋时间名词”，在句中作时间状语。‎ ‎①By now, five villagers have_been_attacked (attack) by the hairy creature.‎ 到现在为止，已经有5个村民被那个多毛动物袭击了。‎ ‎②By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient had_died_(die). ‎ 当医生到达现场时，病人已经死了。‎ ‎③By the time he's twenty, he will_have_known (know) everyone worth knowing in Washington. ‎ 到20岁时，他就会认识华盛顿所有值得认识的人。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“by＋将来的时间”也可以用于虚拟语气句子中，表示对未来的假设。此时其所在句子谓语用“would/could＋动词原形”。‎ ‎④If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would_happen (happen) by the year 2100?‎ 如果各个国家只能保持巴黎协议的初步承诺，2100年后会发生什么？‎ ‎5．Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it_was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.‎ 虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。‎ ‎　该句型为强调句型，其结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分”。被强调的部分指人时，可用who或that，其他一律用that。‎ ‎(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分 ‎(2)一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？‎ ‎(3)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他成分？‎ ‎(4)not ...until ...用于强调句的句式：It is/was not until ... that ...‎ ‎①It_was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.‎ 当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。‎ ‎②Was_it_five_years_ago_that we got together?‎ 我们聚在一起是在五年前吗？‎ ‎③The patient looks much better. What_is_it_that has made him what he is today?‎ 那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？‎ ‎④It_wasn't_until_I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.(2017·天津高考阅读表达)‎ 直到我完成了电影学习，我才开始追逐我的演员生涯。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)强调句型的判断方法：一般来说，如果把句子中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，语序稍加调整，能还原为完整句子，且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型。‎ ‎(2)强调句型中，that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎1．It would take him the rest of his life to pay_off his debts.‎ ‎2．Our ship from Shanghai to London will set_sail tomorrow.‎ ‎3．His carelessness resulted_in the failure of the experiment.‎ ‎4．The police have arrested two suspects in_connection_with the bank robbery.‎ ‎5．Yesterday afternoon I came_across an old friend we hadn't seen for ages.‎ ‎6．There is a new Thai restaurant opening_up in town.‎ Ⅱ.翻译句子 ‎1. 警方已控制了局势。(in control of)‎ The_police_have_been_in_control_of_the_situation.‎ ‎2．孩子应当尊敬父母和老师。(look up to)‎ Children_should_look_up_to_their_parents_and_teachers._‎ ‎3．到你回来时，我就写完我的小说了。(by the time)‎ By_the_time_you_come_back,_I_will_have_finished_writing_my_novel.‎ ‎4．这些花如果不能每天浇水就会死去。(unless＋分词)‎ The_flowers_will_die_unless_watered_every_day.‎ ‎5．她兴冲冲地回到家里，却发现一个人也没有。 (only to do ...)‎ She_came_home_excitedly,_only_to_find_nobody_was_in.‎ Ⅲ.按要求改写句子 ‎1．The driver's died as a result of his carelessness. (改为复合句)‎ ‎→The_driver's_died_because_he_was_careless.‎ ‎2．I didn't realize that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.(强调 until从句)‎ ‎→It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that_I_realized_she_was_a_famous_film_star.‎ ‎3．Without her work, there would be very few mountain gorillas left today.(用if改写句子)‎ ‎→If_it_hadn't_been_for_her_work,_there_would_be_very_few_mountain_gorillas_left_today.‎ ‎4．They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut, but also learned survival skills.(改为部分倒装)‎ ‎→Not_only_did_they_study_all_the_subjects_required_to_be_an_astronaut,_but_also_learned_survival_skills.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 amazing， create， nationality， curious， discouraged， look up to， have a effect on， result in ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①一些有所作为的人永远值得我们敬佩。‎ Some_amazing_people__are_worth_looking_up_to forever. ‎ ‎②比尔·盖茨对计算机技术产生了很大影响。‎ Bill Gates had_a_great_effect_on computer technology.‎ ‎③贝多芬为我们创造了美妙的音乐。‎ Beethoven created_wonderful_music for us. ‎ ‎④袁隆平水稻研究导致了产量的提高。‎ Yuan Longping's research on rice breed resulted_in_the_increase__in_production. ‎ ‎⑤虽然他们国籍不同，但是他们的共同点就是对世界感到好奇并且从不气馁。‎ Though they are of different_nationalities,_what they have in common is that they are_curious_about__the_world_and__never_discouraged.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用强调句改写句③‎ It_was_Beethoven__who__created_wonderful_music_for_us. ‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：thought)‎ Some amazing people are worth looking up to forever. Bill Gates had a great effect on computer technology. It was Beethoven who created wonderful music for us. Yuan Longping's research on rice breed resulted in the increase in production. Though they are of different nationalities, what they have in common is that they are curious about the world and never discouraged.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——“名词性从句＋定语从句”搭档复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Others believe that they were in connection with a mummy's curse，as a punishment for those who enter the resting place of the dead.‎ 这是一个复合句，主句谓语动词 believe 后接一个that引导的宾语从句；宾语从句中又含有一个who引导的定语从句。‎ 但唯一不是很有趣的事情是，他能钓到许多鱼，而我什么也钓不到。‎ 真题长难句 But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything.(2015·广东高考)‎ 这是一个复合句，that wasn't very fun about it 是定语从句，that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything 是表语从句，其中while是并列连词。‎ ‎ “杰出人物”是高中新课标话题“个人情况”中的子话题，其命题点分布于高考试题的各个题型，如阅读理解中的人物传记，写作中的申请信及人物介绍等。熟练掌握该类话题的各种题型是高考制胜的捷径之一。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·6月浙江高考阅读A)‎ ‎[1]Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ ‎[2]The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ ‎[3]The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.‎ ‎[4]In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ ‎[5]In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ ‎21．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.‎ B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.‎ C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.‎ D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ ‎22．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?‎ A．The cat would be closely watched.‎ B．The cat would get some medical care.‎ C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?‎ A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B．He provided him with painting materials.‎ C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D．He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎24．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ________.‎ A．master the use of paints B．appreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters D．make up his mind to be a painter ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 ‎6‎ 开端 岁时本杰明就显示出了一定的艺术天赋 第2～4段 第2～4 段画波浪线部分 ‎ 从自制画笔作画到获得表兄赠送的专业绘画材料，本杰明的天赋逐步展现，并引起了堂兄的关注 发展 第5 段 第5 段画波浪线部分 在费城，9岁的本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家 结局 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　虽然很有可能本杰明对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门指导。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎21．主旨大意题。选C　文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C项。‎ ‎22．句意理解题。选D　由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。‎ ‎23．细节理解题。选B　根据文章末段首句“In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作油画的材料，故选B项。‎ ‎24．推理判断题。选D　根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及“While it is likely that he understood ... The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可推知，Williams给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家，故选D项。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法4]　利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意 不是每一篇文章都有明确的主题句，也不是所有段落都有明确的段落主题句。有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，但没有用一句明确的话表达出来。这就要求考生做题时根据文章的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，找出共同点，再归纳成一般概念。也就是利用文章的主线和关键信息(事实、细节、观点等)提炼文章大意。此类文章通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。‎ 例如第21‎ 题，文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．material n．　　材料 ‎2．classic adj. 经典的 ‎3．dull adj. 无意义的 ‎4．companion n. 陪伴 ‎5．be forced to 被迫……‎ ‎6．be impressed with 对……印象深刻 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·北京高考)‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．该人物是谁；‎ ‎2．该人物的主要贡献；‎ ‎3．该人物对你的影响。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim，‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　　 ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．收到……来信　　hear_from ‎2．我最喜欢的中国历史人物 my_favorite_figure_in Chinese_history ‎3．和……分享 share_...with_...‎ ‎4．关于/至于 as_for ‎5．肯定是 must_be ‎6．介绍现代科技和思想 introduce_modern_technologies_and_ideas ‎7．主修 major_in 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．从你上次的邮件中得知你要我告诉你我最喜欢的中国历史人物。‎ I_know_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history.‎ ‎2．我很高兴与你分享。‎ I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.‎ ‎3．关于我最喜欢的历史人物，那一定是魏源。‎ As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan.‎ ‎4．他是晚清一位伟大的思想家。‎ He_was_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.‎ ‎5．在他的书《海国图志》中，他将现代科技和思想介绍到了中国。‎ He,_in_his_book,_Haiguo_Tuzhi_(Maps_and_Records_of_the_World),_introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas_to_China.‎ ‎6．事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语专业，架起中国和世界的桥梁。‎ In_fact,_he_inspires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college,_to_be_a_bridge_between_China_and_the_world.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．将句1、2用现在分词作状语合并 Knowing_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.‎ ‎2．将句3、4用同位语合并 As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_WeiYuan,_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Jim，‎ It's great to hear from you. Knowing from your last mail that you ask me to tell you my favorite figure in Chinese history, I'm more than glad to share that with you.‎ As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspired me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.‎ Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.‎ Cheers !‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua