2019届一轮总复习外研版高三英语课时跟踪训练31 11页

课时跟踪训练(三十一)‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1．__________ (先进的) lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.‎ ‎[答案]　Advanced ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she __________ (有礼貌的) refused.‎ ‎[答案]　politely ‎3．It is __________ (估计) that two thirds of the students are from the countryside.‎ ‎[答案]　estimated ‎4．If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I __________ (道歉) or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?‎ ‎[答案]　apologise ‎5．—Was it John that knocked down the old woman?‎ ‎—No, it can't be true. He is always such a __________ (谨慎的) driver.‎ ‎[答案]　cautious ‎6．Although __________ (lack) experience, he got the job.‎ ‎[答案]　lacking ‎7．His __________ of mind in class shows that he wants to be __________ from school. (absence)‎ ‎[答案]　absence；absent ‎8．I don't like the coat；in __________ (add), it's too expensive.‎ ‎[答案]　addition ‎9．It is difficult to imagine his __________ (accept) the decision without any consideration.‎ ‎[答案]　accepting ‎10．(2015·安徽卷)The presenter will show how students can use Prezi (演示文稿) to __________ (confident) present on a variety of topics.‎ ‎[答案]　confidently Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。‎ ‎______________________， he looked a bit nervous.‎ ‎[答案]　The first time I interviewed him ‎2．不要丧失信心，那么你就会在该项目上取得较快进展。‎ ‎______________________ you'll make a quick advance in the project.‎ ‎[答案]　Never lose heart and ‎3．此外，我们应该知道不同国家的社交礼仪不同。‎ ‎__________， we _______________ vary from country to country.‎ ‎[答案]　In addition；should be aware that social manners ‎4．据报道，在这次事故中没有乘客受伤。‎ ‎____________________ no passengers were injured in the accident.‎ ‎[答案]　It is reported that ‎5．下次你来时，记着把你妹妹一块带来。‎ ‎______________________， remember to bring along your sister.‎ ‎[答案]　Next time you come Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2017·甘肃重点中学协作体高三联考)In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh (法老) treated the message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.‎ Shades of that spirit spread over today's conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light－heartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, a bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it's going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, but for his smile.‎ Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh, that bus left five minutes ago.” Dreams of head－cutting!‎ It's not the news that makes someone angry. It's the unsympathetic attitude with which it's delivered (传递). Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and big winners do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising his patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he fails to get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.‎ Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you're tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn't ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toasted beef, has your ‎ waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as a traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.‎ Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, “Oh, that's all right. I'll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they hear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述当我们要告诉别人不好的消息的时候，要注意说话的方式和语气，还要带有同情心。‎ ‎1．From “Dreams of head－cutting！” ( Paragraph 3 ) , we learn that the writer __________.‎ A．was reminded of the cruel pharaoh B．was mad at the sales agent C．wished that the sales agent would have bad dreams D．dreamed of cutting the sales agent's head that night ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知，“我”对售票员的态度很恼火。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎2．Which of the following is true?‎ A．The author really appreciated the neighbor's warning.‎ B．From the passage we know that it is the bad news that makes someone angry.‎ C．If the runner brought to the pharaoh unhappy news, he would be treated like a prince.‎ D．When we want to deliver any bad news, we should share the ‎ feeling of the receiver.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver”可知，当告诉别人不好的消息的时候，应该带有同情心，应该分担消息接收者不好的感觉。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．What is the main idea of the text?‎ A．Receiving bad news requires great courage.‎ B．Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.‎ C．Delivering bad news with sympathy is important in communication.‎ D．Learning ancient traditions can be useful.‎ ‎[解析]　主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们当我们告诉别人不好的消息的时候，要注意讲话的方式和态度，应该带有同情心，分担别人的忧愁。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎4．In the writer's opinion, his neighbor was __________.‎ A．not helpful B．not considerate C．friendly D．warm－hearted ‎[解析]　推理判断题。第二段可知，“我”认为邻居没有同情心，不能为别人考虑。故选B项。‎ ‎[答案]　B B ‎(2017·安徽省合肥市高三质检)Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease often struggle to remember recently learned information ，meaning they forget things like important appointments or ‎ where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere；they just can't be easily accessed.‎ Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer's. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects' brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.‎ ‎“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone，it is still there. It's a matter of how to get it back，” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.‎ The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer's and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimer's mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.‎ The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.‎ ‎“Short－term memory seems to be normal，on the order of hours. But for long－term memory，these early Alzheimer's mice seem to be damaged，”said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that ‎ they're unable to learn or store this memory.”‎ 语篇解读：通过对老鼠的实验研究，研究者发现在患有阿尔茨海默症的老鼠身上，能够通过激活储存记忆的细胞，使老鼠重得记忆。‎ ‎5．What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?‎ A．They are the pioneers of brain research.‎ B．They have used the method in human trials.‎ C．They can cure Alzheimer's using the new method.‎ D．They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer's.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文中第二段第一句可知，麻省理工学院的研究者已研发出一种使患有阿尔茨海默症的老鼠恢复记忆的方法。故选D项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎6．Why did the Alzheimer's mice behave normally a third time?‎ A．They failed to remember the electric shock.‎ B．They were accustomed to the situation.‎ C．They managed to overcome the fear.‎ D．They activated the association automatically.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，患有阿尔茨海默症的老鼠的行为正常，是因为它们已经忘了电击的痛苦。故选A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎7．For long－term memory, the early Alzheimer's mice __________.‎ A．can transform their brain cells B．can't learn new tricks well C．can easily get back their memory D．can't access the information stored ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，处在阿尔茨海默症早期的老鼠对于长期记忆不能获取储存的信息。故选D项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎8．The main purpose of the text is to __________.‎ A．introduce a method of a research B．report the latest discovery about a disease C．give advice on how to improve memory D．explain how the brain stores information ‎[解析]　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究者们对阿尔茨海默症的新研究，因此，本文的写作目的是介绍阿尔茨海默症的最新研究。故选B项。‎ ‎[答案]　B Ⅳ.语法填空 ‎(2017·辽宁省沈阳市高三质量监测)In my early twenties, I worked in Kuwait (科威特) for several years. One day, a local workmate warned us of a 1.______________ (come) sandstorm. I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like 2.______________I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself. I received an 3.______________ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me. We stepped off our factory building 4.______________ our eyes half closed, our mouths closed and our faces covered. We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even 5.______________ (far)．‎ Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn't bear to keep my eyes 6.______________ (wide) open. It was time for dinner and it was pretty ‎ ‎7.______________ (danger) that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger. So we went inside a small pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger. So we went inside a small shop, 8.______________ I could clearly see sand on the floor, and bought some food. I was happy that 9.______________ sandstorm stopped afterwards and we finally returned to our factory, safe. This was the first time I 10.______________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.‎ 语篇解读：作者曾在科威特的一家工厂工作数年，有一天，当地的一位同事警告说沙尘暴要来了，但作者与另一位同事想亲眼看这场沙尘暴。本文便描绘了作者亲历沙尘暴的难忘经历。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意为：有一天，当地的一位同事警告我们沙尘暴即将来临。根据语境，此处是说沙尘暴即将来临，故用动词的现在分词作定语。故填coming。‎ ‎[答案]　coming ‎2．[解析]　考查连词。句意为：我从来没见过沙尘暴，所以我告诉他我想出去亲眼看看。根据句意可知had never seen what a sandstorm looked like和I wanted to go out just to see it for myself之间为因果关系，因此，应用连词so连接；也可以理解为，两者之间为顺承关系，可用连词and连接。‎ ‎[答案]　so/and ‎3．[解析]　考查词性转换。句意为：他觉得我疯了，并给了我一个不可思议的表情。设空处用于修饰同事，说明作者的同事觉得惊讶，应用amazed修饰。故填amazed。‎ ‎[答案]　amazed ‎4．[解析]　‎ 考查with的复合结构。句意为：我们眼睛半闭着，嘴巴紧闭着，遮住脸走出工厂大楼。根据句意及句子结构“with＋n.＋adj.”，可知本句为with的复合结构，表行为方式或伴随情况。‎ ‎[答案]　with ‎5．[解析]　考查副词的比较级。句意为：半小时过去了，我们觉得还算安全，决定再走得远一些。even意为“更”，后面加far的比较级形式；根据句意可知，此处指距离更远的，故填farther或further。‎ ‎[答案]　farther/further ‎6．[解析]　考查副词。句意为：一小时过去后，我仍然受不了完全把眼睛睁开。此处keep my eyes open中的open为形容词，故用副词wide修饰。‎ ‎[答案]　wide ‎7．[解析]　考查代词。句意为：到了晚饭时同，沙尘暴仍在继续并变得越来越猛烈，这非常危险。分析句子结构可知，这里形容词作表语，故填dangerous。‎ ‎[答案]　dangerous ‎8．[解析]　考查定语从句。句意为：我们进了一个小商店，在那里我可以明显地看到地上的沙子，并买了一些食物。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a small shop，且设空处在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。‎ ‎[答案]　where ‎9．[解析]　考查冠词。句意为：让我感到高兴的是，这场沙尘暴后来停了，我们安全地回到了工厂。此处特指当时经历的那场沙尘暴，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎[答案]　the ‎10．[解析]　考查动词的时态。句意为：这是我第一次亲历沙尘暴，我不想再经历一次了。It is/was the first time that...为固定句型，意为“这是第一次……”，如果主句谓语为is，则从句用现在完成时；如果主句谓语为was，则从句用过去完成时。故填had experienced。‎ ‎[答案]　had experienced