2020届高考英语北师大版大一轮复习精练：必修5高考提能练（20） 8页

‎2020届北师大版单元复习测验卷：　　必修⑤　Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2019·济南高考模拟] At 1,345 meters above sea level, Ben Nevis is definitely not the world's most difficult mountain to climb. But things get considerably tricky if instead of hiking shoes you put on a pair of 5inch high heels, especially if you're a guy. One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible.‎ Ben Conway, a 19yearold art student from London, recently took up the challenge as a way to stand out in an application for a scholarship for the School of Communication Arts in Brixton. He started his unusual highheel climb at 8 a．m., on June 27, and was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen, a friend from his art foundation year, who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project. The whole climb took five hours and wasn't the smoothest experience.‎ Halfway up Ben Navis, one of his shoes broke, so he had to tape the shoes to his feet to make sure they stayed on. The weather didn't make it easy for him either, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. Due to these difficult conditions, Ben and his friend had to turn back after reaching 900 meters up the mountain.‎ Apart from providing a unique art school application project, the highheel climb also allowed the 19yearold to raise some money for worthy causes, like Sal's Shoes, which provides footwear for barefoot children around the world.‎ ‎“Raising money for charity brings happiness to people's lives and if I can do something ridiculous and bring someone happiness, then that's what it's all about，” Ben said.‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：挑战自我　主题：穿高跟鞋爬本尼维斯山 ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了19岁的英国学生Ben Conway穿5英寸(约13厘米)的高跟鞋爬海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山的故事。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The weather didn't make it easy for him either，as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time，and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds.‎ 分析：本句中The weather为主语；make it easy为“动词make＋宾语＋宾补”结构；as引导原因状语从句。‎ 译文：天气也并没有使他的爬山变得容易，因为他说天几乎一直在下雨，而且他不得不顶着每小时40到50英里的风前行。‎ ‎1．What can replace the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Pleasant. B．Boring. ‎ C．Tough. D．Smooth. ‎ 答案与解析：C　考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“At 1,345 meters above sea level，Ben Nevis is definitely not the world's most difficult mountain to climb”可知，海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山绝对不是世界上最难攀爬的山峰。根据画线词所在句中的“But”可知，前后句为转折关系，且根据前一句中的“difficult”及后一句中的“impossible”可知，画线词所在句表示，但是如果不是穿登山鞋而是穿一双5英寸的高跟鞋的话，特别是对一个男人来说，事情就相当难办了。因此画线词tricky的意思为“难办的，棘手的”，故选C项。‎ 干扰项分析：A项pleasant“令人愉快的，舒适的”；B项boring“枯燥的”；D项smooth“顺利的，光滑的”。‎ ‎2．Why did Allen videotape the highheel climb for Ben? ‎ A．To prove nothing is impossible.‎ B．To record a special experience.‎ C．To promote their friendship.‎ D．To assist in Ben's application.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He started... was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen，a friend from his art foundation year，who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project”可知，Allen录下Ben穿高跟鞋爬山的过程是为了协助Ben进行奖学金的申请，故选D项。‎ ‎3．What does Paragraph 3 focus on?‎ A．The difficulties in the climb.‎ B．The climbing route.‎ C．The terrible weather.‎ D．The unexpected incident.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Halfway up Ben Navis，one of his shoes broke... The weather didn't make it easy for him either，as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time，and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds.Due to these difficult conditions”可知，Ben在穿高跟鞋爬山过程中高跟鞋坏了一只、天几乎一直在下雨、顶着每小时40至50英里的风，因此第三段主要写的是Ben在爬山过程中遇到的困难，故选A项。‎ ‎4．What can best describe Ben's story?‎ A．Puzzling. B．Inspiring.‎ C．Exciting. D．Frightening.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。通读全文并根据第一段中的“One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible”‎ 可知，Ben的故事向我们证明困难的事情是可以做到的，他的故事是鼓舞人心的，故选B项。‎ B ‎[2019·成都第一次诊断]Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有机的) fruits and vegetables. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.‎ Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria, including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers.‎ It's true that in many ways, organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However, because they are barred from using genetic engineering, pesticides (杀虫剂), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isn't a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert.‎ In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, there's not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, there's no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.‎ Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you should do so. Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability.‎ But if you can't afford to buy organic produce, don't stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective.‎ 体裁：议论文　题材：环保　主题：有机农产品 ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了有机农产品的一些情况，体现了学科核心素养中的“环保意识、健康饮食意识”的文化品格。‎ ‎【难句分析】　In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, there's no scientific consensus on how these often slight ‎ differences influence human health.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中where pesticide use is tightly regulated为where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词developed countries；句中how these often slight differences influence human health为how引导的宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。‎ 译文：在发达国家，杀虫剂的使用受到严格管制，在这些常常是细微的差异如何影响人类健康方面，没有科学的共识。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers　　B．Drawbacks.‎ C．Benefits. D．Differences.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查词义猜测和归纳与构建能力。根据第一段最后一句“While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides”可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B项意为“缺点”，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns?‎ A．The yield. B. The price.‎ C．The water loss. D．The labor.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查细节理解和观察与比较的能力。根据题干关键词“hard to compare”定位至第三段第二句“But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex”，由此可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就困难了；根据第三段其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素。A项意为“产量”，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?‎ A．Farmers' work environment should be improved.‎ B．Organic produce should be made more efficiently.‎ C．It isn't wise for consumers to buy organic products.‎ D．The pesticide remainder do no harm to people's health.‎ 答案与解析：‎ B　考查推理判断。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低19%至25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的生产效率，故B项正确。第五段的最后一句亦是提示。‎ ‎8．In the author's opinion, why should we support organic produce?‎ A．It's environmentally friendly.‎ B．It's more nutritious.‎ C．It helps keep the variety of plants.‎ D．It's safer for consumers.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据第五段第二句“Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity”可知，有机农场为工人提供更安全的工作环境，而且有机农场有助于保持生物多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2019·湖北省七市联考]Do teenagers know how to sleep? If you're the parent of teens, you might be laughing to yourself. That's all they know how to do. In truth, teens might not know enough about how to sleep, when to sleep and why. __1__.‎ Just as we focus on our diets and exercise for health, we need to consider sleep necessary to our mental, physical and psychological health. “Good” sleep is sleep that is long enough to allow your brain to remove the side effects of daytime brain activity. Consistent bed times and wakeup times are the key to keeping our sleep cycles. __2__.‎ Teens are social creatures, and the most attractive social “gathering” place these days is on their digital devices. __3__. Ideally, we should avoid blue light for at least half an hour before bed. But social media and homework that requires screen time mean too many kids are powering up their devices when their bodies should be powering down for the night.‎ ‎__4__. Equally contributing to sleep issues are eating too late, taking naps, and failing to get enough exercise. In other words, these people never learned how to sleep.‎ Over time, poor sleep leads to a decline in mood. __5__. Significantly, when I speak to my adult patients who are struggling with sleep issues, nearly all of them say their sleep problems started in high school.‎ Therefore, I recommend sleep education. Otherwise, we won't necessarily solve the health, safety and economic issues of sleepy teens.‎ A．When they are disturbed, our sleep is affected B．Going to bed too late is only one part of sleep problems C．Being exposed to blue light from our screens delays sleep D．Current school schedules allow for about seven hours of sleep a night E．It also contributes to a lot of medical issues, from being fat to heart disease F．Later school start time really contributes to more sleep and improved health G．As far as I'm concerned, one important element is missing: sleep education ‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：健康　主题：睡眠教育 ‎【语篇解读】　 本文主要介绍了要对青少年进行睡眠教育。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：G　本句位于段落末尾句，要么是段落主题句或是承上启下的过渡句。段落首句提出问题，第二句介绍父母的反应，第四句介绍孩子们的情况，故可推知，空处所在句是提出本段的观点也就是对首句问题的回答，所以选G项。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　A项中的代词they指代前句中的“Consistent bed times and wakeup times”，前后意思连贯，所以选A项。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：C　C项中的screens是空前“digital devices”的列举，同时句中的blue light在空处后句再次出现，这是同义复现。C项“接触来自我们屏幕的蓝光推迟了睡眠”与空后“理想情况下，我们应该在睡前至少半小时避免蓝光”构成了因果关系，所以选C项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：B　空后列举了造成睡眠不好的几个方面，由此可见此段主要介绍导致睡眠不好的主要表现形式，所以B项中的“Going to bed too late(睡觉太晚)”也是之一，所以选B项。‎ ‎5．答案与解析： E　E项中的“contributes to”与前句中的“leads to”是相同的表达，同时also一词更好体现二者之间的连贯，所以选E项。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎[2019·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底]Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive them. I have been getting my birthday presents but none of which have been remarkable so far. My parents always give me books which is fine but ordinary. Then, on my seventeen birthday, I got the best present ever. There was a white envelope. I opened it and find a key and a note. “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written on hand. It was from his Aunt Jess. I looked at the key more closely but I realized it was a car key. This was best present. I became the owner of my own car thanks to my generously aunt.‎ 答案：‎ Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they ‎ receive . I have been getting my birthday presents but none of have been remarkable so far. My parents always give me books which fine but ordinary. Then, on my birthday, I got the best present ever. There was a white envelope. I opened it and a key and a note. “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written hand. It was from Aunt Jess. I looked at the key more closely I realized it was a car key. This was best present. I became the owner of my own car thanks to my aunt.‎ ‎①删除them。考查定语从句。they receive是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the presents，关系词在从句中作receive的宾语，所以them多余。‎ ‎②which改为them。考查代词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句，此处并不是一个定语从句，所以把which改为them，指代my birthday presents。‎ ‎③is改为are。考查主谓一致。which引导的定语从句修饰先行词books，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词books是复数，所以把is改为are。‎ ‎④seventeen改为seventeenth。考查序数词。此处表示“在我第十七个生日”，应该用序数词，所以把seventeen改为seventeenth。‎ ‎⑤find改为found。考查时态。作者在回忆往事，表示发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，所以把find改为found。‎ ‎⑥hand前的on改为by。考查介词。“生日快乐，我亲爱的侄子！”这些字是手写的。on hand“在手头，在近旁”，by hand“手工”，故把on改为by。‎ ‎⑦his改为my。考查代词。根据上文可知，这里表示“它来自我的姑姑Jess”，所以把his改为my。‎ ‎⑧but改为and。考查连词。我更近地看着这把钥匙，然后意识到它是一把汽车钥匙。此处表示顺承，所以把but改为and。‎ ‎⑨best前加the。考查冠词。这是我收到的最好的礼物。最高级前面用定冠词the。‎ ‎⑩‎ generously改为generous。考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词，所以把generously改为generous。‎