2019届一轮复习外研版必修三Module5GreatPeopleand 17页

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China学案 ‎ 基础自主回顾 Ⅰ.课标单词 ‎1．__________秩序(n.)‎ ‎2．__________原则；准则(n.)‎ ‎3．__________职位(n.)‎ ‎4．__________强调(vt.)‎ ‎5．__________辞职(vi.)‎ order principle position stress resign 6．__________有影响的(adj.)‎ ‎7．__________公正(n.)‎ ‎8．__________燃料(n.)‎ ‎9．__________状况；条件；环境(n.)‎ ‎10．__________平等的(adj.)→__________平等(n.)‎ ‎11．__________哲学家(n.)→__________哲学(n.)‎ influential justice fuel condition equal equality philosopher philosophy 12．__________顾问(n.)→__________建议(v.)→__________(n.)‎ ‎13．__________诚实(n.)→__________(adj.)‎ ‎14．__________贡献(n.)→__________贡献；捐献；投稿(v.)‎ ‎15．__________发明(vt.)→__________(n.)→__________发明家(n.)‎ ‎16．__________争论；辩论；议论(n.)→__________(v.)‎ adviser advise advice honesty honest contribution contribute invent invention inventor argument argue Ⅱ.常用短语 ‎1．___________________________与……交战 ‎2．_________________________为……自豪 ‎3．____________________________责任感 ‎4．___________________________首次；第一次 ‎5．__________________________与……不同 be at war with be proud of/ take pride in a sense of responsibility for the first time be different from 6．____________养育；抚养；呕吐 ‎7．____________总之 ‎8．____________与……相似 ‎9．____________照顾 ‎10．____________叫醒 bring up in conclusion be similar to look after wake up Ⅲ.重点句型 ‎1．Treat others ____________ you want to be treated.‎ 己所不欲，勿施于人。‎ 答案：in the way ‎2．Ancient China was ______________ states were often ____________ each other.‎ 古代中国是一个国与国之间经常发生战争的地方。‎ 答案：a place where; at war with 3．Mencius believed that ____________ man is different from animals ________ man is good.‎ 孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。‎ 答案：the reason why; is that ‎4．____________ you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.‎ 据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。‎ 答案：They say that Ⅳ.模块语法 ‎1．A computer is so useful a machine ________ we can use everywhere.‎ A. that　　　　　　　　B. which C. as D. what 答案与解析：C　本题考查定语从句。由句意：计算机是我们随处可用的一种有用的机器。由句中so＋adj.＋a＋n.知先行词被so修饰，定语从句中又缺少宾语，故选C。要注意与so...that句型的区别。 2．Albert Einstein, for ________ life had once been very hard, was successful later in science.‎ A. whom B. whose C. which D. his 答案与解析：A　本题考查介词提前的定语从句。Einstein为先行词，故选A。 3．Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 o'clock at night, ________ we students have gone to sleep.‎ A. that time B. by which time C. by that time D. which time 答案与解析：B　本题考查定语从句。由句中．.. until 11 o'clock at night知先行词为表时间的词，又据句后．.. have gone to sleep知应选B，“在……之前”。 4．The river, ________ the banks are covered with trees, is very long.‎ A. whose B. which C. of which D. which of 答案与解析：C　本题考查定语从句。whose banks＝of which the banks＝the banks of which。 5．We can never forget the days ________ the two astronauts in spaceship worked together and the days ________ we spent together.‎ A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 答案与解析：A　本题考查定语从句关系词的应用。尽管两空前都是the days，但分析句子成分知第一空填关系副词，作不及物动词work的时间状语；第二空填关系代词，作及物动词spend的宾语。故选A。 考点探究解密 考 点 解 读　‎ ‎1．equal adj.相等的，均等的n.相等的事物(或数量)vt.等于 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①equally adv.同样地；相等地 equality n．相等；平等；同等 equalize vt.使相等；使平等 ②be the equal of one's words 说到做到 ‎③be without equal无比；无敌 ‎④be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；能胜任 ‎⑤be equal with与……平等 ‎⑥equal pay for equal work同工同酬 误区警示：equal作名词时是可数名词表示“相同的事物或数量”，而equality是一不可数名词表示“相等”。‎ 朗文在线：‎ ‎①A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.‎ ‎1磅约等于500克。‎ ‎②Trade should balance when supply equals demand.‎ 供需相当时贸易便达到平衡。‎ ‎③His paintings are without equal in the Western world.‎ 他的画在西方世界首屈一指。 词语辨析：equal与same 两者都含有“相同的”的意思。‎ ‎①equal指“在数量、大小、价值、程度等方面不存在差别的”。‎ ‎ One li is equal to half a kilometer.一华里等于半公里。‎ ‎②same指“同一的”“相同的”“实质上不同，但在数量、意义、外表上没有明显区别的”。‎ They have the same problem.他们有相同的问题。‎ 命题方向：equal常与词义接近的词，以词语辨析题的形式出现。 活学巧练：‎ In my opinion，no search engine can __________ Baidu in search scopes and speed.‎ A．compete　　　　　　B．equal C．win D．suit 答案与解析：B　equal...in...“在……方面与……匹敌”‎ ‎。句意：在我看来，在搜索范围和搜索速度方面，没有一个搜索引擎可与百度相匹敌。 2．order n．秩序，次序，顺序；命令，定购，订单vt.命令，定购，定制 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①in order of依……的顺序排列 ‎②out of order不整齐 ‎③in order情况良好，整齐 ‎④on order订购中的 ‎⑤by order of奉……的命令 ‎⑥in order that...为了……，目的在于…… ⑦in order to为了(做某事)，以便(做某事)‎ ‎⑧take orders接受命令 ‎⑨order sb. to do sth./order sth. to be done命令某人去做某事 ‎⑩order that...(should)＋动词原形 ‎ B11place an order订货，下订单 误区警示：in/out of order，in order that.../to do短语中order前用零冠词。 朗文在线：‎ ‎①Sunlight is needed in order for photosynthesis to take place.‎ 需要阳光来进行光合作用。‎ ‎②Then they call out our names in order and we answer yes or no.‎ 随后，他们依次点我们的名字，我们则回答到与否。‎ ‎③On Stalin's orders the target for the five year plan was raised once again.‎ 奉斯大林之命，五年计划的指标又一次提高了。 命题方向：in order与out of order短语是重要考点。‎ 活学巧练：‎ ‎(1) He listed the events _____________(按……顺序) importance.‎ ‎(2) That young teacher can't keep ________ (秩序) in her classroom.‎ ‎(3)It'll be quite __________(适宜的) for you to make this suggestion at our next meeting.‎ in order of order in order (4)They're going to London ___________ (以便) they may see the queen.‎ ‎(5)It's time we ________ (叫) dinner.‎ ‎(6)The father ________ (命令) the son out of the house.‎ in order that ordered ordered 3．resign　vt.放弃，辞去；vi.辞职 He resigned his position as chairman.‎ 他辞去了主席的职位。‎ Two members resigned from the board in protest.‎ 董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①not resign oneself to不甘心 ‎②resign...to...把……托付给……‎ ‎③resign oneself to听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)‎ ‎④resignation ‎ n．辞职；辞职信；放弃；顺从 词语辨析：resign与retire ‎①resign表示因对工作不满意或因工作上的失职而自愿或被“辞退”“辞去”了职务。(常与from连用)‎ He resigned from his job as a guard for he wasn't interested in it.‎ 他因对警卫工作不感兴趣而辞职了。‎ ‎②retire表示因年龄大或是身体不行，按国家有关规定“退休”，并享受规定补助。‎ He retired from the business when he was 60.‎ 他60岁时退休了。 活学巧练：‎ He __________ his post because he had been offered a better job.‎ A．resigned B．retired C．dismissed D．fired 答案与解析：A　句意：他辞去了他的工作因为他找到了更好的工作。resign“辞职”；retire“退休”；dismiss“免职，开除”；fire“解雇”。 4．contribution n．贡献，稿件 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①contribute vt.& vi.捐赠，贡献，有助于 ‎②make contributions to (doing) sth.对(做)某事做出贡献 ‎③contribute (sth.)to/towards sth.向……捐赠……，向……投稿 ‎④contribute to sth.促成某事物 误区警示：contribute sth.to sth.指“向……捐赠/投稿”，而contribute to sth.指“促成……”，且to均为介词。‎ 朗文在线：‎ ‎①Day centres for the elderly make a valuable contribution to the overall service.‎ 照顾老人的日托中心为整个服务事业作出了可贵的贡献。‎ ‎②Various factors contributed to his downfall.‎ 各种因素导致了他的倒台。 命题方向：make contributions to (doing) sth.及contribute to sth.是常考点。‎ 活学巧练：‎ ‎(2009·安徽安庆一中)Alcohol __________ 100,000 deaths a year in the US，according to a report.‎ A．relates to B．attends to C．contributes to D．devotes to 答案与解析：C　contribute to“有助于，是……的原因”；relate to“与……有关”；attend to“照料”；devote to“致力于”。 5．condition n．条件，情形，环境，社会地位vt.以……为条件，使达到要求 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①conditions n．(生活或工作的)条件；环境 ‎②on condition (that)在……条件下，倘若 ‎③on no condition一点也不，绝不 ‎④make it a condition that...以……为条件 ‎⑤be in good condition身体很好；完好无误 ⑥be out of condition身体不适 ‎⑦be in no condition to do(因病重、酒醉或烦乱而)不能做……‎ ‎⑧under excellent/terrible conditions在好/糟的条件下 ‎⑨condition sb.to do(通过影响或训练)使习惯/适应于做……‎ 误区警示：condition表示“状况”时为不可数名词，而表示“条件”时是可数名词。 朗文在线：‎ ‎①What sort of condition is your new house in?‎ 你的新房子目前是什么状况？‎ ‎②Poor working conditions lead to demoralized and unproductive employees.‎ 工作条件差导致雇员工作积极性不高，生产率低下。 ③The animals were conditioned to expect food at the sound of the bell.‎ 这些动物受训后一听见铃声就知道有食物可吃了。‎ ‎④This shampoo conditions your hair as well as washing it.‎ 这种洗发剂既可洗发又可护发。 词语辨析：condition, state与situation 三者都含有“情况”的意思。‎ ‎①condition a．[U]状况，状态 the condition of affairs事态 b．(常用复数形式)环境，情况，形势 in(under) favourable conditions在有利的形势下 c．条件 conditions of success成功的条件 ②state是常用词，指“人或物存在或所处的状态”，但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。‎ He is in a good state.‎ 他身体健康。‎ ‎③situation指多种具体情况造成的综合状态，常着重这种状态的影响和处于该状态的事物的关系。‎ We are in a difficult situation.我们正处于困境。‎ 命题方向：condition常与situation，state，position以词语辨析题的形式出现。 活学巧练：‎ Keep your car in good ________ and it'll drive long.‎ A．instruction B．position C．condition D．situation 答案与解析：C　in good condition“状况良好，完好无损”，固定结构。 6．in some ways在某些方面 In some ways，they are similar to each other；but there are some distinguishable differences between them.‎ 在某些方面，他们是相似的，但是他们之间也有一些明显的差别。 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①by the way顺便说一下 ‎②by way of途径，取道，为了……目的 ‎③in a way在某种程度上 ‎④in any way在任何方面 ‎⑤in the/one's way挡道，阻碍 ‎⑥in no way决不 ⑦in this/that way用这种/那种方法 ‎⑧in the way of关于，有关 ‎⑨the other way around相反，反过来 ‎⑩on the way to在去……途中；即将；将要 ‎(11)out of the way偏远；异常的 ‎(12)under way已经开始进行了 (13)make one's way前进，向前走 ‎(14)no way根本不，一点也不 ‎(15)all the way一路上 误区警示：in this/that/the way作状语时，介词in可以省略。 朗文在线：‎ ‎①In some ways，I'd rather he wasn't involved at all.‎ 就某些方面而言，我宁愿他根本没有牵扯进去。‎ ‎②In a way，it's kind of nice to be working alone.‎ 从某种意义上讲，独自一个人干活相当不错。 活学巧练：‎ ‎__________，her health has improved，but she is still not really well.‎ A．All the way B．In a way C．In the way D．By the way 答案与解析：B　句意：在某种程度上，她的健康状况在改进，但是她仍然还没有完全好转。故用in a way。 7．bring up抚养；呕吐；提出；使……提高/升高 精讲拓展：‎ ‎①bring about引起，导致，造成 ‎②bring down降低；减少；打垮，击败 ‎③bring forth生产；生(孩子)‎ ‎④bring in获利 ⑤bring off办成功 ‎⑥bring on引起；导致，加速(农作物)生长 ‎⑦bring out生产；制造 ‎⑧bring through渡过困难(危机)‎ 误区警示：bring up中的up为副词，其后跟的宾语如果是代词，应放在两词中间。 朗文在线：‎ ‎①Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?‎ 你为什么非要提钱这个话题？‎ ‎②He left her to bring up three young children on her own.他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。‎ ‎③I was brought up a Lutheran.‎ 我是在路德教的教育下长大的。‎ 命题方向：bring up，bring about，bring down的辨析是各类考试中的重要考点。 活学巧练：汉译英 ‎(1)在会上他提出一个新的设想。‎ ‎_______________________________________________‎ ‎(2)他是在乡下长大的。‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ 答案：(1)He brought up a new suggestion at the meeting.‎ ‎(2)He was brought up in the countryside. 8．in conclusion总之；总而言之 ‎①reach/ draw a conclusion得出结论；下结论 ‎②come to/ arrive at a conclusion得出结论 ‎③conclude v．结束；下结论；推断 ‎④conclude that＝draw a conclusion that下结论 ‎⑤to conclude总而言之，总之，最后 朗文在线：‎ ‎①In conclusion, I think the best way to make a friend is to be one.‎ 总之，我认为交朋友最好的办法是去做一个朋友。‎ ‎②We came to the conclusion that the room must have been empty.‎ 我们的结论是：那个房间当时一定是空的。 活学巧练：‎ ‎________， I would like to wish you continued success in the future.‎ A. In contrast B. In conclusion C. In common D. In principle 答案与解析：B　句意：总之，我真心祝愿你在将来继续成功。in conclusion总之，最后；in contrast与……相反；in common共同的，共有的；in principle原则上，大体上。 9．They say that you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。‎ 主语＋v.＋that句型中，主语是“人”，谓语动词是表示人的思维的动词，通常有say, think, consider, hope, report...等，表示“某些人(认为/相信/希望)……”。‎ 这个句型常可和以下两个句式互换：‎ ‎①It is/ was＋p.p.＋that从句 ‎②Sb./ Sth.＋be＋p.p.＋to do/ to have＋p.p. 朗文在线：‎ ‎①People say that the tomb has been robbed.‎ ‎＝It is said that the tomb has been robbed.‎ ‎＝The tomb is said to have been robbed.‎ 据说那个坟墓已经被盗过了。 ②People hope that Chinese will land on the Mars one day.‎ ‎＝It is hoped that Chinese will land on the Mars one day.‎ ‎＝Chinese are hoped to land on the Mars one day.‎ 人们希望有一天中国人会登上火星。 活学巧练：‎ The villagers thought Jack had been kidnapped.‎ ‎＝________ that Jack had been kidnapped.‎ ‎＝Jack was thought ________.‎ 答案：It was thought; to have been kidnapped 10．定语从句 形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导；关系词充当从句的成分。 ‎ ‎ (1)引导定语从句的关系词 ‎①关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同，须用不同的关系词去代替它：‎ This is the place where he works.‎ ‎(关系词作状语，＝in the place，要用where)‎ 这是他工作的地方。‎ This is the place which we visited.‎ ‎(关系词作宾语，＝the place，要用which)‎ 这是我们参观过的地方。 ②在口语或非正式场合中，that可代替关系副词：‎ This is the place that(＝where) he works.‎ ‎③有时为了句子的平衡，较短的定语或较短的谓语动词插入定语从句与先行词之间，这叫做分隔定语从句：‎ I was the only person in my office who was invited.‎ 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。 ④关系代词作从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致；先行词为一个句子时，从句谓语动词为第三人称单数形式：‎ Those who are going, come here.‎ 要去的人到这儿来。‎ The exams were put off, which was exactly what we wanted.各门考试都推迟了，这正是我们希望的。 ⑤关系代词或“介词＋关系代词”在从句中作定语时，被修饰词常需要提前：‎ There is a room, the window of which faces the river.‎ 有一间房子，窗户朝着这条河。 (2)宜用that而不用which的情况 ‎①先行词为all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定式代词时：‎ I mean the one that was bought yesterday.‎ 我指的是昨天买的那个。‎ ‎②先行词被形容词最高级或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时：‎ It is the most important task that should be finished soon.‎ 这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。 ③先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时：‎ Look at these flowers. You can see the two that you gave me.瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。‎ ‎④先行词中既有人又有物时：‎ We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.‎ 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。 ⑤先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：‎ It's a book that will help you a lot.‎ 这是本对你很有帮助的书。‎ My home town is no longer the place that it used to be.‎ 我的故乡现在已不再是过去的那个面貌了。 (3)不宜用that的情况 ‎①关系代词前有介词时：‎ This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.‎ 这是鲁迅住过的房子。‎ ‎②非限制性定语从句中：‎ He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.‎ 他有个女儿，在医院工作。 ③先行词本身是that：‎ The clock is that which tells the time.‎ 钟表就是能够报时的计时器。 (4)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；当先行词指人时，介词后的关系代词用whom，其余用which，这时的关系代词不能省略；有时为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，这时的which可用that替换。在介词放在从句有关动词的后面时，关系代词which, that, whom在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略。 This is the room in which he used to live.＝This is the room (which/that) he used to live in.‎ 这是他过去居住过的房间。‎ Who's the man with whom you just shook hands？＝Who's the man (that/whom) you just shook hands with?‎ 刚才你与他握手的那个人是谁？‎ 但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 This is the book (which/that) I'm looking for.‎ 这就是我在找的那本书。‎ 在这类定语从句中，介词的选择一般根据动词的需要(如上述几例)，或者根据先行词来决定。‎ There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow.有一座山顶总是覆盖着雪的山。 活学巧练：‎ ‎(1)I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched，________ has a great effect on my life.‎ I still remember the days ________ I studied in the university, ________ influnce me a lot.‎ A．when；which B．that；which C．which；that D．when；that 答案与解析：A　第一空引导词在定语从句中作状语，用when引导，第二空引导非限制性定语从句，用which。 (2)Madame Curie，________ life had once been very hard, was given two Nobel Prizes.‎ A．of whom B．for whom C．for whose D．in whom 答案：B (3)Humans are destroying nature day by day，________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.‎ A．who B．when C．on which D．which 答案：D (4)Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in the work?‎ A．he explained B．what he explained C．how he explained D．why he explained 答案：A (5)The gentleman __________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.‎ A．who B．about who C．whom D．with whom 答案：A 考 题 演 练1.She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.‎ A. them B. who C. whom D. these 答案与解析：C　本题考查定语从句的引导词。要求学生分清引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的用法。句意：她带来了她的三个朋友，以前我一个也没见过。本句中前句是一个完整的句子，但没用句号，用了逗号，并且中间也没有连词，所以后一个分句应是前一个分句的定语从句，又因of为介词，其后必须跟宾格，故选C项。 2．A person ________ e－mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e－mails.‎ A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 答案与解析：C　考查限制性定语从句的用法。e－mail account前缺少定语，故用whose引导定语从句，相当于the e－mail account of whom。 3．I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.‎ A. which B. where C. how D. why 答案与解析：B　本题考查定语从句的关系词。当point, case, stage, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词where来引导定语从句。 4．Try on this red skirt; you will look great ________ it.‎ A. on B. by C. in D. for 答案与解析：C　本题考查介词的意义和用法，在日常学习中要注意积累，对一些固定搭配一定要牢记。句意：试试这条红裙子，你穿肯定很漂亮。如选A，应改为：The skirt looks great on you.。by为在……旁边；for为了，均不合题意。 5．It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.‎ A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out 答案与解析：C　本题考查动词短语词义辨析。做好此类题目的关键是平时的积累。句意：据报道警察很快将着手调查两个孩子失踪那个案件。look into意为“调查，检查”，符合句意。look upon意为“旁观”，look after意为“照顾，照料，管理”，look out意为“向外看”，均不合题意。 6．You'd better not leave the medicine ________ kids can get at it.‎ A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 答案与解析：C　本题考查状语从句引导词的使用。句意：你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够到的地方。where在句中引导地点状语从句。 7．By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ________ appeared a rare rainbow soon.‎ A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 答案与解析：D　本题考查介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句。解答此类题时，究竟选哪个介词，主要视从句的意义或搭配上的需要而定。考查介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句。which指代Mount Qomolangma, rainbow应在山峰的上空，故用介词above。 8．American Indians ________ about five percent of the U．S. population.‎ A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up 答案与解析：C　考查动词短语的用法。句意：美洲印第安人占美国人口的5%。A项为“填充”；B项为“培养，抚养”；C项为“占据”；D项为“建立”。 9．Running a company is not ________ a matter of hiring people—they also need to be trained.‎ A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally 答案与解析：A　考查adv.的用法。句意：经营一家公司不仅仅是雇用工人的问题——他们也需要被培训。故选A项。 Module 5　‎ Great People and Great ‎ Inventions of Ancient China Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 spread　be proud of　found　condition　up to　equal with　from...to...　influence　resign　stress ‎1．From 1830 to the early 20th century，the Industrial Revolution ________ through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan.‎ 答案：spread 2．The People's Republic of China was ________ on October 1,1949.‎ 答案：founded ‎3．Their daughter whom they ________ has just gone abroad.‎ 答案：are proud of ‎4．Under these ________we have to give up the plane.‎ 答案：conditions 5．The news that he was accepted by Beijing University spread quickly ________village ________ village.‎ 答案：from；to ‎6．At that time he was not an ________ government official.‎ 答案：influential ‎7．He put forward much ________ on the importance of the question at the meeting.‎ 答案：stress 8．Last year the president ________ because of his illness.‎ 答案：resigned ‎9．It's ________ you to decide where we will go to spend the holidays.‎ 答案：up to ‎10. In the eye of the law, everyone is ________ each other.‎ 答案：equal with Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1．All men are created __________.‎ A．equally　　　　　　　　B．equaling C．equal D．equaled 答案与解析：C　本题考查equal的形容词用法。本句意为“众生平等”。句中的equal是形容词，作主语补足语。形容词用作补足语表示原因、时间、伴随情况或结果，来说明主语的情况。 2．In class our teacher asked us to recite the text __________.‎ A．from beginning to end B．from the beginning to the end C．from beginning till end D．from the beginning till end 答案与解析：A　本题考查短语from...to...的用法。本句意为“在课上，我们英语老师让我们从头到尾把课文背下来”。from beginning to end为固定搭配，意为“从开头到结尾”。 3．In the future, more stress should be placed __________ the education of the young.‎ A．on B．to C．for D．with 答案与解析：A　本题主要考查与stress搭配的介词。本句意为“将来，应该加强对青年的教育”。place/lay/put stress on sth.＝stress sth.“强调，重视”，是一个固定用法。 4．Can you find something __________ Mary and Jones?‎ A．similar from B．similar between C．similarity between D．differ between 答案与解析：B　本题考查形容词similar的用法。something有形容词修饰时，定语应该后置，A项的from不能搭配，D项是动词形式，应改为different between才正确。 5．The child __________ in the countryside knows how to __________ animals like dogs, pigs and so on.‎ A．brought up；raise B．fed；raise C．raised; bring up D．fed up; bring up 答案与解析：A　第一个空brought up是过去分词作定语，意思是“被抚养成人”；“饲养动物”用raise animals。 6．The players of the basketball team are __________：John，Dick, Miller，Jordan，and so on.‎ A．like follows B．as following C．like that D．as follows 答案与解析：D　本题考查固定短语as follows的用法。本句意为“篮球队队员的名单如下，约翰，狄克，米勒，乔丹等等”。as follows意为“如下”，用来列举事物。 7．He had to __________ his position as manager of the company owing to his illness.‎ A．sign B．design C．resign D．apply 答案与解析：C　本题考查动词的易混辨析。本句意为“由于健康的原因，他不得不辞去公司经理的职务”。resign意为“辞去，辞职”；design意为“设计”；sign意为“签名；做标记”；apply意为“要求；申请”。 8．I'm sure your suggestions will __________ the problem.‎ A．contribute to solving B. contribute to solve C．be contributed to solve D. be contributed to solving 答案与解析：A　本题考查动词contribute的用法。本句意为“我相信你的建议有助于这个问题的解决”。contribute to的意思是“有助于，促成”，在这个短语中to为介词，后要接名词或动词的－ing形式。 9．Charles Babbage is generally considered __________ the first computer.‎ A．to invent B．to have made C．to have invented D．having discovered 答案与解析：C　本题考查动词invent的非谓语形式的用法，以及三个动词的词义区别。因为“发明”先于谓语动词“‎ 认为”，故要用完成时，选C项，排除A项；另外，make意为“制造”；discover意为“发现”，不符合题目语境。另外，这里不能用现在分词形式。 10．The patient isn't out of danger. He is __________ than he was yesterday.‎ A．no better B．worst C．not worse D．not more 答案与解析：A　本题考查“no＋比较级＋than”句型。本句意为“这个病人还没有脱离危险。现在比昨天好不了多少”。“no＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than”这一结构在表示比较时，实际上是对前后都加以否定。 11．What a wonder! They have finished __________ 30 percent of the task within one week.‎ A．no more than B．no less than C．not more than D．much less than 答案与解析：B　本题考查短语辨析。本句意为“简直是一个奇迹！他们竟然在一个星期之内完成了不少于百分之三十的任务”。no less than意为“不亚于；不少于”；no more than意为“只不过；并不比……多”；not more than意为“不如……多”；much less than意为“比……少得多”。 12．—When does the next train leave?‎ ‎—You ________ one by five minutes. Trains ________ every half an hour, so you'll have to wait for a while.‎ A．have just missed; will leave B．are just missing; leave C．are just missing; will leave D．have just missed; leave 答案与解析：D　此题考查时态运用。第一空表示你刚错过了一班车；第二空说明火车的时刻安排，用一般现在时。 13．I thought her nice and honest __________ I met her.‎ A．first time B．for the first time C．the first time D．by the first time 答案与解析：C　本题考查单词time的相关短语的用法。根据句子的结构，句中空白处需要一个连词，选项中只有the first time有此用法。本句意为“第一次我遇见她的时候，我就认为她很诚实”。 14．You may borrow the book，__________ you don't lend it to anyone else.‎ A．in good condition B．on no condition C．on condition that D．in no condition 答案与解析：C　本题考查condition的用法。on condition that意为“在……条件下”，相当于一个连词，表示条件。本句意为“你可以借这本书，但是条件是你不能借给其他人”。in good condition意为“状态良好，身体健康”；on no condition 意为“决不”。 15．The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was ________ he was held up by traffic jam during rush hours.‎ A．why; because B．that; that C．why; that D．that; because 答案与解析：C　句意为：他开会迟到的原因是他在上班高峰期时遇上了交通堵塞。the reason之后的从句中不缺少主语、宾语，根据句意可知reason在从句中作状语，故用关系副词why引导；表语从句是用来解释说明主语的具体内容的，要用that引导，故选C项。 Ⅲ.翻译/完成句子 ‎1．王女士辞去了秘书职务。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Miss Wang resigned her position as a secretary. 2．每个人都应该受到公平对待。‎ ‎_______________________________________________‎ 答案：Everyone should be treated with justice.‎ ‎3．We follow the principle that all men are innocent until they are proved guilty.‎ ‎_______________________________________________‎ 答案：我们遵循任何人在被证明有罪之前都是无罪的原则。 4．In conclusion，I would like to wish you continued success in the future.‎ ‎_______________________________________________‎ 答案：最后祝你百尺竿头更进一步。‎ ‎5．这些新闻记者声称他们正被剥夺自由表达的权利。‎ The journalists claimed they were being denied the right to __________ __________ expression.‎ 答案：freedom of Ⅳ.阅读理解 A An entirely new camera has come out, the first of its kind: a time machine.‎ ‎ Now, the Exilim EX－F 1 is not a time machine in the H．G. Wells' sense. You can't climb inside and travel back to primary school and undo every silly mistake you've ever made. But for a digital camera, the F1 comes pretty close. It does let you freeze time, slow time down and even capture photos of sudden events that you've already missed. How is this possible? Because the F1 is the world's fastest camera. A typical shirt－pocket camera can take one to three photos a second. But this camera can take—are you ready for this? —60 photos a second. After such a burst, you can delete all 60, or review them and choose the individual frames worth keeping. The F l's second trick is photographing a moment after the fact. In pre－record mode, you half－press the shutter (快门) button when you're awaiting an event that's unpredictable. The camera silently, repeatedly records 60 shots a second, immediately deleting the old to make room for the new, when you finally press the shutter button fully, the camera simply preserves the most recent shots, thus effectively photographing an event that you missed. Unfortunately, this highly unusual, experimental piece of equipment includes some disadvantages, such as poor light sensitivity, slow start－up and so on, but no camera has ever offered anything like it. 1. According to the passage, we can know that the new camera ________.‎ A. can be used as a time machine B. can only store 60 photos C. can take a photo for a person after him leaving D. has the same disadvantages as common camera 答案与解析：D　推理判断题。文章最后一段说到它有一些缺点，但no carmera has ever offered anything like it，这说明其他相机也有这样的相似缺点。 2. The attitude of the author towards the new camera is (that) ________.‎ A. he thinks it unbelievable B. not clear C. he thinks highly of it D. acceptable 答案与解析：C　推理判断题。从作者行文来看，他对这款相机很喜欢，称他是时间机器。所以选C项。 3. Which of the words can replace the underlined word in the fourth paragraph?‎ A. Keeps. B. Stops.‎ C. Deletes. D. Photos.‎ 答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。前文说到它每秒可以拍60张，边拍边删，最后按下快门后保留最后的60张，所以应该是“保留”‎ 的意思。 4. What is the purpose of the author writing the passage?‎ A. To sell more cameras.‎ B. To introduce a new camera.‎ C. To show the advantages of the camera.‎ D. To advertise his new camera.‎ 答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，目的只是介绍，不是在做广告，也不只是谈了相机的优点。所以选B项。 B EcoLean, a Swedish firm, has developed a new packaging material. As we know, common materials take a great deal of energy to produce. The new material is made up mostly of a natural material and, when exposed to the sunlight, disappears in a matter of hours.‎ ‎ The brain behind EcoLean is chemist Ake Rosen. Ever since the 1980's, Rosen had been dreaming of making a mixed material that would have the durability(耐用), light weight and cheapness of ordinary plastic. The world, however, was not ready for it, or so he thought. Then in 1996, Rosen left his job to form EcoLean, his own start－up, where he could pursue his dream packaging material full time. He first considered starch as the basic material, but it biodegraded(分解) too quickly. He also tried talc. Then he tried one of the world's most common materials, chalk.‎ After experimenting many times, Rosen discovered a LeanMaterial that consists of up to 70 percent chalk and 30 percent polyolefin.‎ LeanMaterial looks and feels like common plastic, but it isn't. For environmentalists, the material has numerous benefits though it consists in part of plastic. It can easily degrade_into carbon and oxygen. But LeanMaterial is amazingly unusual when it is ready for the garbage. Bottles, yogurt tubs or candy wrappers made of LeanMaterial would all be degradable. Leave them sitting on the picnic table and in a month or two, sunlight will have reduced them to sand. Or, once burnt, the resulting ash will be rich in carbonates, good for making the soil less acidic(酸性). Also, the material has no “memory”. Step on a LeanMaterial bottle and it stays crushed, taking up less space in landfill. 5．The following statements about the things Ake Rosen did in the 1990s are TRUE except ________.‎ A．he quit his job B．he formed his own firm C．he started to pursue his dream whole－heartedly D．he left EcoLean 答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中间的“Then in 1996, Rosen left his job to form EcoLean, his own start－up, where he could pursue his dream packaging material full time”可以得出答案为D项。 6．From the passage, we can infer that LeanMaterial ________.‎ A．is just like common plastic B．can never take the place of ordinary packaging C．will be used widely in the future D．has countless disadvantages 答案与解析：C　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了Lean Material的各种优点，由此我们可以推断Lean Material在将来会被广泛应用。 7．Compared with common plastic, LeanMaterial ________.‎ A．can last longer B．takes up more space C．is less expensive D．is more environment－caring 答案与解析：D　根据文章最后一段可知，这种新材料可降解、可以改良土壤、占用空间少，总之很环保，所以答案选D项。 8．The underlined phrase “degrade into” means ________.‎ A．break down into B．turn out into C．make into D．fall into 答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。句中的it是指这种新材料，碳和氧是构成这种材料的基本元素，由此可以推知degrade into的含义为“分解成”。故选A项。 ‎