2019届一轮复习北师大版选修七Unit21HumanBiology单元学案 9页

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版Unit 21单元学案 ‎ ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．It is clear that hightech equipment (设备) has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.‎ ‎2．I offered to give them a lift but they declined (谢绝)．‎ ‎3．They voted in favor of the prohibition (禁止) of smoking in public areas.‎ ‎4．Fresh air is fundamental (基础的) to good health.‎ ‎5．We can't judge what he did until we know all the circumstances (情况)．‎ ‎6．Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the commission for its consideration.‎ ‎7．Few analysts foresaw (预料) that oil prices would rise so steeply.‎ ‎8．The witness statements contradict (与……矛盾) each other and the facts remain unclear.‎ ‎9．Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune (fortunate) and wealth.‎ ‎10．After years of regular treatment (treat), she finally became healthy.‎ ‎11．He is concerned (concern) only about things that he feels are important to himself.‎ ‎12．I watched them leave and then drove off in the opposite (oppose) direction.‎ ‎13．The police were looking into the pearl robbery (rob)．‎ ‎14．She had been faithful (faith) to her promise to keep this secret.‎ ‎15．In the United (union) States alone, over 100 million cellphones are thrown away each year.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．It's important of you to arrive there on time.of→for ‎2．She preferred to go with us rather than staying at home.staying→stay ‎3．It's up to you to decide who you would like to have hosted the party next week.‎ hosted→host ‎4．The hero saved the boy's life out of the burning library at a cost of his own life.a→the ‎5．He established a training school years ago and did make fortune._make后加a ‎6．I doubt that he has really understood what I said.that→whether ‎7．Our school is equipped with much advanced equipments bought from abroad.‎ equipments→equipment ‎8．Well, I'm definitely opposed to play football in the streets.play→playing Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．由于掌握了一些特殊技能，我们的学生可以更好的适应社会。‎ Equipped_with_some_special_skills,_our students adapt to the society much better.‎ ‎2．人们普遍认为过去几年教育水平下降了。‎ It's generally believed that educational standards have been on_the_decline/in_decline in the past few years.‎ ‎3．现在人们会去选择自己的配偶，而非服从包办婚姻。‎ People now tend to choose their own spouse rather than submit_to_an_arranged_marriage.‎ ‎4．生活告诫我们，对自己和别人都要宽容些。‎ Life teaches us to be_tolerant_of_ourselves_and_others.‎ ‎5．精通一门外语对找工作的人来说是非常重要的。‎ It_is_quite_important_for_the_jobseekers to have a good command of a foreign language.‎ ‎6．张丽莉，一位勇敢的女教师，不惜任何代价救了她的学生。‎ Zhang Lili, a brave woman teacher, saved her students at_all_costs/at_any_cost.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A This year promises to be an exciting one for technology and science. There's a lineup of great products for you to look forward to.‎ The AirBoard 1.0‎ The AirBoard 1.0 is a fantastic new way to get around. The board works when you step onto the pressure pads (垫): to turn, all you have to do is move your weight to the left or right. It takes only one hour to be fully charged. Its increased fame among famous people has made it one of the most popular new kinds of technology.‎ The Miito The Miito kettle is designed to heat up the water in any container. You can fill a cup with the right amount of water and place it onto the kettle. After placing the heating rod (棒) into the water, the rod would heat up and so would the water. More importantly, the product doesn't only save water. It also saves electricity, not to mention time waiting for water to boil.‎ The Oculus Rift Have you ever wished you could walk through the world of your games, seeing things as your characters would? Well, now you can. This clever headset Rift allows you to see the world of your games in 3D.‎ The Click & Grow Are you the kind of person who enjoys using herbs and spices when cooking? The Click & Grow makes sure that you always have fresh and wellgrown herbs or other plants whenever you need them. It is selfwatering, and it also has an LED light that makes sure the plants grow fast and healthy.‎ ‎1．What can we learn about the AirBoard 1.0?‎ A．It is completely automatic.‎ B．It can move and turn flexibly.‎ C．It needs a long time to charge.‎ D．It's the most popular transport for teens.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“The board works when you step onto the pressure pads (垫): to turn, all you have to do is move your weight to the left or right”可知，你只需向左或向右转移你身体的重心便可自由地控制AirBoard 1.0进行转向，故可推知，这款产品可以灵活地移动和转弯。‎ ‎2．Which product may be the most energyefficient?‎ A．The Miito.　　　　 B．The Oculus Rift.‎ C．The AirBoard 1.0. D．The Click & Grow.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“More importantly, the product doesn't only save water. It also saves electricity, not to mention time waiting for water to boil”可知，Miito不仅节水、节电，而且节省时间，即Miito有多重节能效果，故Miito可能是这四种产品中最节能的。‎ ‎3．Who is the Click & Grow designed for?‎ A．Land developers. B．Office workers.‎ C．Gardeners. D．Housewives.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Are you the kind of person who enjoys using herbs and spices when cooking”可知，Click & Grow的产品研发对象最有可能是家庭主妇，故选D项。‎ B One in four children younger than age five who were infected with Salmonella (沙门氏菌) got the disease from a reptile (爬行类动物) pet in a recent UK study.‎ The children with reptileassociated infections were obviously younger than other kids with Salmonella infections, more likely to be hospitalized and more likely to have invasive (扩散性的) infections that affected the blood or brain.‎ ‎“In a household with both young babies and reptiles as pets, there is good reason to exercise reasonable caution，” Dr. Daniel Murphy of Royal Cornwall Hospital in England told Reuters Health by email.‎ Salmonella is a type of bacterium most often linked with food poisoning, and generally causes symptoms such as nausea (反胃，恶心) and vomiting.However, noted Murphy, who led the new study, more serious cases can cause blood poisoning, meningitis (脑膜炎) and bone infection.‎ According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1.2 million Americans are infected with Salmonella every year. People with compromised (缺乏抵抗力的) immune systems, as well as young children and babies are the most susceptible to infection, according to Dr.‎ ‎ Christoph Berger of the University Children's Hospital Zurich in Switzerland, who was not involved in the study.‎ Murphy and another researcher used data on Salmonella infections in children under five years old in the South West area of the UK from 2010 to 2013. They examined the records to determine whether the infected child had been exposed to reptiles like lizards or snakes and whether he or she had been hospitalized for the infection.‎ Of the 175 cases examined, 48 children had been exposed to reptiles. Among those with reptile exposure, about half were hospitalizedcompared to less than one fifth of the children without reptile exposure. The median age of kids with Salmonella cases linked to reptiles was six months old, compared to about one year among kids not exposed to reptiles.‎ Murphy recommends that parents of young children with indoor reptile pets should consider restricting the reptile's access to the same spaces the child uses.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要报道了研究者关于“五岁以下儿童接触爬行类动物易感染沙门氏菌”这一研究情况。‎ ‎4．Compared with older kids, younger ones with reptileassociated infections more likely________.‎ A．dislike keeping pets at home B．get uninterested with Salmonella C．need medical treatment in hospital D．prevent infections that affect the blood or brain 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，遭受与爬行类动物有关的感染的孩子要比其他感染沙门氏菌的孩子年龄更小，更可能需要住院治疗，更可能遭受影响血液与大脑的扩散性感染。故选C。‎ ‎5．Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.‎ A．the shape of Salmonella B．the types of bacterium C．the harm of Salmonella D．the cause of food poisoning ‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要解释了沙门氏菌引起的危害：恶心、呕吐，严重时还会引起败血症、脑膜炎和骨感染。故选C。‎ ‎6．It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that________.‎ A．only lizards and snakes belong to reptiles B．the result of the research is likely to be reliable C．Salmonella infections only occur in the UK D．Murphy and another researcher didn't work hard 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，Murphy和同伴使用了2010年到2013年间英国西南地区五岁以下儿童感染沙门氏菌的数据记录，并通过仔细检测才得出了研究结果，因此可以说：这个结果理应可靠。故选B。‎ ‎7．Of the 175 cases examined, how many kids with reptile exposure were hospitalized?‎ A．All of them.　　　　　 B．Fortyeight.‎ C．About thirtyseven. D．About twentyfour.‎ 解析：选D　数字计算题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，接触爬行类动物的48个孩子中大约一半住院治疗了，所以其人数约为24个。故选D。‎ C ‎(2018·济南模拟)As her son Cameron sits at his laptop completing a task for his math degree course, Alison Thompson, a fulltime mum, is busy helping her daughter Emma (two years younger than Cameron) get dressed.While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs.“People could see that Emma has special needs but because Cameron was doing so well at school, his teachers never thought there was a problem with him，”says Alison.‎ It took Alison and her husband a while to realize their son was different.Cameron's ability didn't become clear until he began primary school.Once he even corrected the teacher when she told the class that zero was the lowest number.Cameron told her she was wrong because there were negative numbers (负数)．He was four at the time.Now 14yearold Cameron is at secondary school, studying for a distance learning math degree with the Open University, having_sailed_through_his_GCSE at 11 and his Alevel at 12, achieving top grades.‎ Bethany, another daughter of Alison, is bright too but not gifted.She is the one who will remind absentminded Cameron to put on his coat.She also helps him out in social situations.‎ Emma attends a specialist school and the family is quick to celebrate her successes too.“The other day she did up the buttons on her coat, which was real progress，”Alison says.‎ Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary (纪录片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ambitious parents.Gifted children need support too but their lives don't have to be that different.Cameron is an example.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，通过讲述Thompson一家人的生活说明了任何孩子都需要亲人的支持和帮助，天才儿童的生活也如此。‎ ‎8．What does Paragraph 1 indicate?‎ A．Cameron helps Emma with her math tasks.‎ B．Teachers at school ignored Emma's problems.‎ C．Both Cameron and Emma need parental support.‎ D．The couple often have fights because of Cameron.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段的“While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs”可知，Emma和Cameron都需要父母的支持，故C项正确。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined phrase “having sailed through his GCSE” probably mean?‎ A．Having passed his GCSE easily.‎ B．Having taken his GCSE seriously.‎ C．Having worked hard at his GCSE.‎ D．Having suffered a lot from his GCSE.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据文章画线短语后的“and his Alevel at 12, achieving top grades”可知，Cameron在11岁就通过了GCSE考试，在12岁则通过了Alevel 阶段的学习，故画线短语意为“轻而易举地通过GCSE考试”。‎ ‎10．There are ________ people in Mrs.Thompson's family.‎ A．three　　　　　　　 B．four C．five D．six 解析：选C　细节理解题。文章提到了Thompson夫妇、儿子Cameron、女儿Emma和Bethany，所以Thompson一家共5个人。‎ ‎11．What can be concluded from the passage?‎ A．Emma has learned to take good care of herself.‎ B．Cameron showed his gifts before primary school.‎ C．The children of the family are bright and gifted.‎ D．Gifted kids are not so different as people expect.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Gifted children need support too but their lives don't have to be that different”可知，天才儿童也需要支持，他们的生活不一定和别人不一样，即天才儿童不像人们所期望的那样事事不同于常人，故选D项。‎ D Driving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting but nerveracking (神经紧张的). I had never been to such an amazing national park before, yet I wasn't the most athletic person, so I knew that I couldn't stick through all the hiking up and down. It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience.‎ The ride there was definitely long but worth it. As I woke up from my nap, I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams. The trails were made nicely for visitors. The waterfalls were breathtaking. Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun. The fact that my family and I spent so much time together trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together.‎ The great thing about nature is that, it's just you, the views, and the people around you. There's nothing there to bother you and it's the best way to relax and enjoy yourself. Yosemite has 5 of the world's highest waterfalls, and about 300 lakes. The structure of each mountain is incredible; it's formed in ways that almost take your breath away. Some of them are of a deep dark color with waterfalls forming; some are formed with spots of green peeking (窥探) out. It's definitely something you wouldn't want to miss.‎ Yosemite isn't the only great National Park but based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends. It's a great time to bond, laugh, and take in what Mother Nature offers.‎ 语篇解读：文章记叙了作者一家去约塞米蒂国家公园游览的所见所闻，与家人一起出游其乐无穷。作者建议读者多外出走走，享受大自然之美。‎ ‎12．The author writes the first paragraph mainly to ________.‎ A．introduce the topic of this passage ‎ B．offer an example to us C．tell us his future plan for hiking D．describe a national park 解析：选A　推理判断题。文章第一段第一句首先提到Yosemite，该段最后一句“It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience.”起到承上启下的作用，下文展开介绍作者此次去约塞米蒂国家公园游览的所见所闻。由此可推测，作者写第一段是为了引出文章话题。故选A项。‎ ‎13．While climbing up rocks, the author was ________.‎ A．nerveracking B．injured C．pleased D．worried 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第五、六句“Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun.”可知，攀岩是作者的最爱之一，尽管摔倒了好几次，但仍然很开心。故选C项。‎ ‎14．According to the passage, Yosemite ________.‎ A．is crowded with visitors every day B．is the only great National Park C．is worth traveling to D．is nothing but a common destination 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“The ride there was definitely long but worth it.”及全文对约塞米蒂国家公园的美景描述和作者一家人从中得到的乐趣可知，该公园值得游览。故选C项。‎ ‎15．The author advises us to________.‎ A．keep a good bond with other people B．visit Yosemite now and then C．try to protect the environment D．go out to enjoy the beauty of nature 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“...based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends.”可知，作者建议我们多出去走走，以享受大自然之美。故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·江西省红色七校联考)Take a look at your mobile device (设备). Do you see oily fingerprints and dust? __16__‎ You take your electronics into public restrooms, pass them around to share photos, and press them against sweaty skin in gyms. Repeated studies show your mobile device may be dirtier than the bottom of your shoe. __17__‎ Cleaning your device can be difficult because you don't want to damage it and manufacturers don't give you much guidance. __18__ Health experts suggest wiping your device down with a slightly wet microfiber (超细纤维) cloth at least daily, which is enough to rid it of fingerprints and dust. Bacteria and viruses may require agents like alcohol.‎ To clean his mobile device, Derek Meister, a technician for Best Buy's repair and online support service, mixes 70 percent alcohol and 30 percent water. You can do the same thing. Fill a spray bottle (喷壶) with alcohol and water, lightly wet a microfiber cloth, and gently wipe down the screen and case. __19__‎ Using a can of compressed (压缩的) air to blow between keys will help keep your device's look, performance, and resale value when it's time to upgrade. This gets rid of dust that can damage electronics. Another way is to buy a specialized air compressor like the Data Vac Electric Duster. __20__‎ ‎“An air compressor gets things really clean，” says Miroslav Djuric, former chief information architect at ifixit. com, an online doityourself community.‎ A．It helps clean your device thoroughly.‎ B．Is there a hair stuck at the screen's edge?‎ C．Do you want to pass it around the table?‎ D．It can be done, however, if you're careful.‎ E．Remember, never spray directly onto the device.‎ F．Apple officially warns against using them to clean its products.‎ G．Therefore, your mobile device is something you should clean regularly.‎ ‎16．解析：‎ 选B　B项不仅符合本空上一句的问句形式，而且和上句一样，都是在问你有没有发现自己的移动设备很脏，符合此处语境。‎ ‎17．解析：选G　根据上句内容可知，移动设备可能比鞋底都脏，“因此，你应该定期清洁你的移动设备”。‎ ‎18．解析：选D　本空上一句说清洁自己的移动设备很难，后文却介绍如何清洁自己的移动设备，因此本空应该起承上启下的作用，故D项(然而，如果你小心的话，你可以清洁自己的移动设备)符合此处语境。‎ ‎19．解析：选E　上一句介绍用喷壶装上酒精和水，把超细纤维的布子喷湿，然后用这个布子轻轻擦拭屏幕和外壳，故E项“千万不要直接喷在设备上”承接上文，符合此处语境。‎ ‎20．解析：选A　根据下段中的“An air compressor gets things really clean”可知，Data Vac Electric Duster等利用压缩空气的除尘机“可以帮助你彻底清洁设备”。‎