2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计（35页word版） 35页

‎2019届一轮复习必修五Unit 1Great scientists单元学案设计 一、单词—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1.defeat vt.　　打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败 ‎2.expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家 ‎3.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎4.absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 ‎5.blame vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 ‎6.pollute vt. 污染；弄脏 ‎7.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎8.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 ‎9.science n．科学→scientific adj.科学的→scientist n．‎ ‎1.You must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine.‎ ‎2.We can come to the conclusion (conclude) that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world. ‎ ‎3.Her proposal met with continual rejections (reject), which made her mad.‎ ‎4.I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)‎ ‎5.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy. The announcement of their marriage would appear in the 科学家 ‎10.conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎11.challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 ‎12.severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严厉地 ‎13.announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement_n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员 ‎14.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．指导；指示；用法说明 ‎15.construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 ‎16.contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．捐献；贡献 ‎17.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎→cautiously adv.‎ ‎ local newspaper next week.(announce)‎ ‎6.The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)‎ ‎7.The first lady Peng Liyuan has contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made great contributions to education. (contribute)‎ ‎8.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge. Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)‎ 小心地；谨慎地 ‎18.reject vt.拒绝；抛弃；不接受→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃 ‎⇩ ‎1.后缀sion构成的抽象名词集锦 ‎①conclusion　　　结论；结束 ‎②confusion 混乱 ‎③expression 词语；表达方式 ‎④revision 修正；复习 ‎⑤permission 允许 ‎⑥profession 职业；专业 ‎2.“观点；态度”的高频形容词 ‎①positive　　　　积极的 ‎②negative 消极的 ‎③subjective 主观的 ‎④objective 客观的 ‎⑤doubtful 怀疑的 ‎⑥critical 批评的 ‎3.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达 ‎①attend to/on/upon sb.　　②care for sb.‎ ‎③take care of sb. ④look after sb.‎ ‎4.名词用作动词的高频词汇集锦 ‎①handle n．把手→vt.处理 ‎②nurse n．护士→vt.护理；照顾 ‎③face n．脸→vt.面对 二、短语—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.put_forward　　　　　　　　　提出 ‎2.draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎3.expose_...to 使显露；暴露 ‎4.link_...to_..._ 将……和……联系 或连接起来 ‎5.apart_from 除……之外；此外 ‎6.make_sense_ 讲得通；有意义 ‎7.(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 ‎8.be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备 ‎9.look_into_ 调查 ‎10.lead_to 导致；通向 ‎11.be_determined_to_do_sth. 决定做某事 ‎12.slow_down 慢下来 ‎1.Everyone is supposed to put_forward some suggestions on how to improve our environment at the meeting.‎ ‎2.We must_be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.‎ ‎3.I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.‎ ‎4.We can't draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.‎ ‎5.Eating too much fat can lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.‎ ‎6.I think that it is I rather than my sister that am_to_blame for what has happened.‎ ‎7.Don't waste time thinking about a sentence which doesn't make_sense.‎ ‎8.Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in English Corner and other afterclass English activities.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“动词＋n.＋to”必备短语集锦 ‎①expose ...to　　　　　　　　使显露；暴露 ‎②add ...to 增添；增加 ‎③compare ...to 把……比作 ‎④devote ...to 贡献给 ‎⑤supply ...to 供应给 ‎2.由link ... to ...联想到的 ‎①connect ...with ...　　　把……和……连接起来 ‎②tie ...to ... 把……拴到……‎ ‎③mix ...with ... 把……和……混合起来 ‎④combine ...with ... 把……和……结合起来 三、句式—— 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.Neither its cause neither ...nor ‎ nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎ ...连接两个并列的句子成分。‎ 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。‎ Neither_my_wife_nor_I_myself_am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.‎ ‎2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。‎ every time作连词用，引导时间状语从句。‎ 每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。‎ Every_time_I_went_to_see_her,_she was absorbed in her research work.‎ ‎3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎ “only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。‎ 只要你有目标而且持之以恒地去追求，那么你的梦想就能实现。‎ Only if you have a goal and go for it with perseverance can_your_dreams_be_achieved At the conference， the manager of the company put forward ‎ several suggestions on how to gain success in the competitive world. He said it was being fully devoted to one's work that contributed to one's success， which I think makes sense in our daily life. To conclude， we are supposed to spare no effort to realize our dream.‎ ‎1．contribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿 ‎(1)contribute sth. to ...　　　　　 把某物捐献给……‎ contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿 make a contribution/contributions to ‎ 对……做出贡献 ‎①A large population and too many private cars contribute to heavy traffic jam in the city.‎ 大量的人口和过多的私家车导致城市严重的交通阻塞。‎ ‎②If you want to contribute_to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)‎ 如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。‎ ‎③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions_(contribute) to the class.(上海高考写作)‎ 参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好机会，并对班级做出贡献。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。‎ ‎2．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出 ‎(1)conclude　 conclude sth. 以……结束……‎ to conclude 最后 ‎(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 ‎①He concluded_from_their_remarks_that_they were not in favour of the plan.‎ 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。‎ ‎②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude_it_with important points. (2013·浙江高考单选)‎ 小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。‎ ‎③I drew_a_conclusion_from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way. (2014·山东高考写作)‎ 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。‎ ‎ [联想发散]　表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。‎ ‎3．put forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中put forward的含义 ‎①I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.提出 ‎②You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.将(钟表等)向前拨 ‎③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one ‎ week.将……提前 ‎④I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐 put away　　　　　　　 把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 put aside 把……放到一边；储存 put down 放下；写下；记下；镇压 put on 穿上；上演；增加 put off 推迟；延期 put up 搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿 put through 接通电话；完成 put out 扑灭 put up with 容忍；忍受 ‎⑤First he opened a shop and then he put_up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.‎ 首先他开了家商店，然后他在商店外面挂了一个条幅来吸引顾客。‎ ‎⑥It has become a habit for some students to put_off their homework.(2015·广东高考写作)‎ 对有些学生来说推迟他们的作业已成为一种习惯。‎ ‎4．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎(1)make sense of　　 理解；明白 make no sense 没意义 ‎(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理 ‎①See, your computer has broken down again! It ‎ doesn't_make_sense_to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.(2015·天津高考单选)‎ 瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。‎ ‎②We read it through, but could not make_sense_of_it.‎ 我们从头到尾读了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。‎ ‎③In no sense should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.‎ 你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。‎ Black was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus. After all the attempts to cure him， the experts announced that the virus was defeated but he needed a week's special care before he was fully recovered. It is said that the virus was to blame.‎ ‎5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临 ‎(1)expose ... to ...　 使……暴露于/面临/遭受……‎ ‎(be) exposed to ... 暴露于……；处于……危险中 ‎(2)expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物 ‎①Don't expose_your_skin_to_direct sunlight, or you'll get sunburnt.‎ 不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。‎ ‎②If exposed (expose) to the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future.‎ 如果暴露于外部的环境，他们将变得更加强壮并能为未来做好准备。‎ ‎③Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.‎ 一些人认为我们不应该让孩子们接触电脑游戏。‎ ‎[名师指津]　在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎6．cure n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗 a cure for ...　　　 针对……的治疗(法)‎ cure sb./a disease 治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病 cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等 ‎①Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it.‎ 王教授说近视的原因很复杂，现在仍然没有好的治疗方法。‎ ‎②The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.‎ 新鲜空气和锻炼治好了他的失眠，这令他感到欣慰。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　cure, treat cure 强调结果，“治疗，治愈”，其后可直接加疾病或用于cure sb. of sth.结构 treat 强调过程，“治疗”，常用搭配：treat one's＋疾病或treat sb. for＋疾病 选用以上单词填空 ‎③The doctor treated her headache with the best medicine, but did not cure her of the disease.‎ ‎7．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备 ‎ (1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 ‎(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on ... 将某事归咎于……‎ ‎①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.‎ ‎→She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.‎ 她把婚姻的失败归咎于她丈夫。‎ ‎②I am not to_blame (blame) for my laziness, mum. I'm what you have made me. ‎ 妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。‎ ‎③It is common that nowadays some students put the blame for their poor performance in study on their low IQ.‎ 如今，一些学生把他们的学习成绩不好归咎于他们的智商低，这很常见。‎ ‎[名师指津]　be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。‎ Li Ping's English teacher is very strict with her and he often encourages her to read some English articles every day， neither too long nor too short. And in ‎ this way， Li Ping has absorbed a lot from reading. Every time Li Ping attends the English speech contest， he always instructs her patiently. With the help of the teacher， Li Ping has made rapid progress. When facing difficulties and challenges， she never gives up.‎ ‎8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；理解 ‎(1)absorb one's attention　　　 吸引某人的注意 absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……‎ ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎①Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.‎ 几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中开始对大脑起作用。‎ ‎②A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was_absorbed_in_his reading.(2015·福建高考书面表达)‎ 一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。‎ ‎③Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he simply forgot to have supper and sleep.‎ 他专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。‎ ‎[联想发散]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：‎ ‎①be lost in ...　　　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……‎ ‎②be caught in ... 被困在……‎ ‎③be buried in ... 埋头于……‎ ‎④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……‎ ‎⑤be occupied in ... 忙于……‎ ‎⑥be involved in ... 专注于……‎ ‎9．attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理 vi.专心；留意 attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church ‎ 参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜 attend to 处理；倾听；专心于 ‎①I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend_the_lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon.‎ 非常抱歉我明天下午不能去听关于美国历史的演讲了。‎ ‎②I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to_attend_to.‎ 今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。‎ ‎10．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 ‎(1)instruct sb. to do sth.　　 命令某人做某事 instruct sb. in (doing) sth. 指导某人(做)某事 instruct sb. that ... (should) do sth.‎ ‎ 命令……(宾语从句中用虚拟语气)‎ ‎(2)instructive adj. 指示性的；有教育意义的 instruction n. 指令；说明(常用复数)‎ ‎①The college will need an additional teacher to instruct ‎ the boys in cooking.‎ 这所大学需要增加一名教员来向男生传授烹饪技术。‎ ‎②They instructed him that he (should)_leave (leave) the country at once.‎ 他们命令他立刻离开这个国家。‎ ‎③Follow the_instructions (instruct) on the packet carefully.‎ 仔细按照包装上的说明操作。‎ ‎11．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战 ‎ (1)face the challenge　　　　　　 面临挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 ‎(2)challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 ‎(3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 ‎①He himself says he will face_the_challenge_bravely.‎ 他本人说他会勇敢地面对挑战。‎ ‎②I want to challenge him_to a game of basketball.‎ 我想向他挑战一场篮球赛。‎ ‎[名师指津]　challenge本身已内含“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。‎ 向某人挑战 ‎12．neither ...nor ...既不……也不……‎ Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. ‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎(1)neither ...nor ...‎ 连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。‎ ‎①Neither I nor Jack has_seen (see) the film before.‎ 我和杰克以前都没有看过这部电影。‎ ‎(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：‎ either ... or ...　　　　　 不是……就是……‎ not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……‎ not ... but ... 不是……而是……‎ ‎②Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes_(take) great interest in the piano lessons.‎ 不仅约翰和汤姆，而且他们的姐姐玛丽也对钢琴课非常感兴趣。‎ ‎③Either you or one of your students_is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎13．every time引导时间状语从句 So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。‎ 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：‎ ‎(1)由time构成的名词词组：every/each time, the first/last time, next time, any time等。‎ ‎(2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute, the instant, the moment等，意为“一……就……”。‎ ‎①I think of the happy hours we spent together_every/each_time_I_see_these_photos.‎ 每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。‎ ‎②The_first_time I heard the plan he put forward, I felt very excited.‎ 我第一次听到他提出的计划时，感到很兴奋。‎ ‎③Next_time_you_come_to_Beijing,_be sure to let me know in advance.‎ 下次你来北京，务必提前告诉我。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Always read the instructions (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.‎ ‎2．In conclusion (conclude), I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.‎ ‎3．Mark is a cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.‎ ‎4．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (absorb) in conversation.‎ ‎5．It is so challenging (challenge) a job that I can't finish it on my own.‎ ‎6．Children, when_exposed (expose) to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.‎ ‎7．He made an apology to me for his not_attending (attend) the concert on time.‎ ‎8．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is put forward,_we'll make do with it.‎ ‎9．Whenever he didn't perform well in his studies, he would blame his failure on carelessness.‎ ‎10．Although her relatives didn't think she could live for three months, the old doctor finally cured her of_her disease. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.去掉a ‎2．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result.is→are ‎3．He was struck by the beauty for the first time he visited Guilin.去掉for ‎4．Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart.defeating→defeated ‎5．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in the newspaper.absorbing→absorbed ‎6．Very few of those interviewed spoke positive about their childhood.positive→positively Ⅲ.根据提示词或结构补全句子 ‎1．(2014·湖北高考短文写作)把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。(contribute)‎ Doing small things well ‎ contributes_to_building_up_our_confidence_and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.‎ ‎2．(2014·山东高考满分作文)起初，学英语看上去很难以至于我还没尝试就想放弃。(so ... that ...)‎ At the beginning, learning_English_seemed_so_difficult_that I wanted to give up without even trying.‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我是一名中国学生，我打算在假期去英国参加一个暑期学习班。(attend)‎ I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to_attend_a_summer_school during the vacation.‎ ‎4．每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。(every time)‎ Every_time_I_see_the_old_photo,_I will think of my deskmate in middle school. ‎ ‎5．(2015·重庆高考写作)只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出贡献。(部分倒装)‎ Only in this way can_we_make_a_great_contribution/great_contributions_to our family and our society.‎ ‎6．除了是DNA方面的专家，王教授还进行医药方面的研究。(apart from)‎ Apart_from_being_an_expert_on DNA, Professor Wang is also carrying out research on medicine.‎ Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1．如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐的影响中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。‎ ‎①Young people may risk going deaf if they_are_exposed_to_very_loud_music every day.‎ ‎②If exposed_to_very_loud_music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略句)‎ ‎2．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。‎ ‎①Tom was so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(absorb)‎ ‎②So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work_that he forgot to inform her of it.(用so ... that ...的倒装句)‎ ‎③Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎3．他把考试失败归咎于老师。‎ ‎①He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame ...on)‎ ‎②He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam.(blame ...for)‎ ‎③He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame n．)‎ ‎[课下练熟高考]‎ 阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2017·衡阳高三一模)There has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientists about whether it is right to use animals to find cures for human diseases in experimental research. Personally, if there are no other alternatives, and if it is possible that this will contribute to science, animals may be used for experimental research.‎ The animal rights supporters label scientists as “cruel” for causing animals to die in medical experiments, while they do not oppose the people, mostly farmers, who kill animals for food. Some even claim that people and animals are equal and they should be treated equally. But can the death of an animal be the same thing as the death of a person? I think causing animals to die for science or for saving human lives may be considered ethical (伦理的), if it will contribute to the advancement of science and human health in general.‎ Another basic argument of animal rights supporters is that people and animals are different genetically. They claim that it will make no good to use animals in experiments because they are too different to be compared to people. Some of them even state that it is better to use people directly as they think that the results of experiments on animals cannot be valid and reliable as long as the same observation has not been done on ‎ man. However, these people cannot foresee the disastrous results of such a practice. Many people are likely to die until a healthy result is obtained. People and animals may not be the same, but to some degree, scientists are right to use animal models to do some experiments that could not be achieved in human. There are also a lot of examples which show that using animals resulted in significant developments and helped to cure some serious illnesses.‎ All in all, using animals for medical research is ethical as long as it contributes to scientific development and human health. And this practice is only acceptable on the condition that animals are treated humanely.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了动物权利支持者和科学家之间关于用动物进行医学试验研究以寻找治疗人类疾病的方法是否正确的争议。作者认为动物可以被用于医学研究并针对此论点进行了分析论证。‎ ‎1．Animal rights supporters hold the opinion that ________.‎ A．farmers have the legal rights to kill animals B．causing animals to die for science is acceptable C．scientists are to blame for killing animals for research D．animals and people are not different genetically 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，动物权利支持者认为科学家应对科学研究致使动物死亡负责。故选C。‎ ‎2．We can infer that the author ________.‎ A．seems to be an animal rights supporter B．does experimental research on animals C．is concerned about the future of animals D．agrees that animals can be used in medical research 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可推知，作者同意用动物进行医学研究。故选D。‎ ‎3．According to the text, it is a fact that ________.‎ A．it is always illegal to use animals for experimental research B．using animals for medical experiments contributes to curing some serious illnesses C．using people models is against the law and regarded as cruel D．it makes no difference whether to use animals or people for experimental research 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，B项所述是事实。故选B。‎ B People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans (寿命) that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.‎ Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an antitumor gene called TP53‎ ‎ in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.‎ According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improved the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.‎ ‎“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，” the study author Dr Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous (癌变的), large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.‎ This_phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Peto's paradox (悖论)”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not. In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive.‎ The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place.‎ ‎“Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, University of Utah, US. “It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”‎ 语篇解读 ：科学家研究发现，大象不患癌症是因为它们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53，人类有望通过研究TP53来预防癌症。‎ ‎4．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?‎ A．They have a rather large body size.‎ B．Their genes suffer no DNA damage.‎ C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors.‎ D．They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“A team at the University of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing.”可知，因为大象体内有许多阻止肿瘤生长的基因，所以大象不患癌症，D项正确。‎ ‎5．According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals?‎ A．Deadly tumors.‎ B．The huge body mass.‎ C．Cells killing themselves.‎ D．Sensitivity to DNA damage.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution ‎ of large body sizes in many animals”可知，许多大型动物在进化过程中有患癌症的风险，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?‎ A．Larger animals have protection from TP53.‎ B．The risk of cancer is not related to body size.‎ C．Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.‎ D．The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.‎ 解析：选B　指代判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.”可知，This phenomenon 指代患癌症的风险和动物的大小无关，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．What can be concluded from the passage?‎ A．Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.‎ B．The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.‎ C．Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.‎ D．The extra copies of elephants' genes are used to cure cancer patients.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“It's up to us to learn how ...prevent cancer in people.”‎ 并结合上文陈述的在大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53可以判断，人们有望通过制造TP53来预防癌症，故C项正确。‎ C ‎ “Walt Disney World is banning selfiesticks from its theme parks because selfiesticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast，” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said.‎ Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles won't make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also won't be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfiesticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disney's parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1.‎ Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks' entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfiesticks for pickup later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resort's hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney World's website.‎ The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfiesticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given ‎ oral warnings to rule breakers.‎ Selfiestick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing themepark moments through selfportraits. The tools have been banned in public places — including some museums and stadiums — worldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues.‎ Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful”．‎ Universal Orlando has banned selfiesticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了迪斯尼乐园禁止其各大主题公园使用自拍杆的相关情况。‎ ‎8．Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney theme parks before the new policy takes effect?‎ A．Smartphones.　　　　　　　 B．Folding chairs.‎ C．Cameras. D．Containers.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，在新政策生效前，迪斯尼主题公司已禁止使用的是折叠椅。故B项正确。‎ ‎9．According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfiesticks during the routine bag check, they may ________.‎ A．abandon them at the bag check B．get fined and pick them up later C．turn them in to the police D．put them in the trunk of their cars 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，游客可将其放到车子的后备箱。故D项正确。‎ ‎10．The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．changing B．broadening C．blocking D．narrowing 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段最后一句及常识可推知，高高举起的自拍杆将会遮住游客的视线且存在安全隐患，故画线词“obstructing”意为“阻碍”。block意为“阻止”，与其意思最接近。故C项正确。‎ ‎11．According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________.‎ A．the ban on the use of selfiesticks is aimed at ensuring security B．previously guests can take photos with selfiesticks on thrill rides C．the staff in Disneyland will inform visitors of the ban only orally D．Universal Orlando has banned selfiesticks parkwide 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段并结合第五段最后一句“The tools have been banned ... causing safety issues.”‎ 可知，迪斯尼乐园禁用自拍杆是为了保证游客安全。故A项正确。‎ D Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child — a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or “blast from the past”， as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.‎ Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.‎ Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of “listenandrepeat” learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they asked the third group to sing the words.‎ All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.‎ Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian ‎ words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.‎ Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3, or memorable 4, tune 5.‎ Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr. Ludke writes, “This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listenandrepeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了一项有关音乐和外语学习之间存在关系的研究。‎ ‎12．The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to ________.‎ A．recall the past B．attract the readers C．introduce the topic D．compare the childhood with the present 解析：选C　推理判断题。本文开头通过“song”举例导入话题，从而引出下文对于音乐和外语学习之间关系的研究。故C项正确。‎ ‎13．According to the passage, which language doesn't share the same root with Germanic or Romance languages?‎ A．Hungarian. B．Spanish.‎ C．Italian. D．English.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，匈牙利语与其没有相同的词根。故A项正确。‎ ‎14．Based on the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that ________.‎ A．singing is the best way to learn a language B．the brain probably works best when the foreign language learners sing the words C．a listenrepeat method is very effective for any language learner D．Dr. Katie Overy and Dr. Ludke disagree with each other 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，唱歌有助于找到学习外语的新途径。选项A中“the best way”与文意不符；选项C中的“any language learner”表述有误；根据最后两段可知，Dr. Katie Overy与Dr. Ludke两人观点一致，排除D项。故B项正确。‎ ‎15．In which situation can the finding of the research be applied?‎ A．A mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.‎ B．A child is going to have his first music lesson.‎ C．A student is going to learn a new English song.‎ D．An American is going to learn some Chinese.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，此项研究对于外语学习者非常有用。故D项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2017·河北衡水中学一模)‎ Get a Thorough Understanding of Oneself In all one's life time, it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with.__1__‎ When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate (高估) yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach. __2__ It's likely that you think it wise for yourself to stay away from the outer world. Actually, to get a thorough understanding of oneself, you may as well keep the following tips in mind.‎ Gain a correct view of oneself. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much, for dreams can never be fully realized. You may be courageous to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. __3__‎ Selfappreciate. Whether you compare yourself to a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature. __4__ If you earnestly (诚挚地) admire yourself you'll have a real sense of selfappreciation.‎ ‎__5__ In time of anger, do yourself a favor by releasing (释放) it in a quiet place so that you won't be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a bad mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep.‎ Get a full control of one's life. Then one will find one's ‎ life full of color and flavor.‎ A．It has its own value.‎ B．Do oneself a favor when it's needed.‎ C．Do yourself a favor when you resist the attack of illness.‎ D．But it is precisely oneself that one has the least understanding of.‎ E．Especially if it is well within your reach, you are just too blind to see it.‎ F．When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.‎ G．So long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself, there won't be difficulties you can't overcome.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者向我们提出了彻底了解自己的几点建议：正确认识自己、欣赏自己、善待自己以及充分把握自己的生命。‎ ‎1．选D　本文的标题是“全面了解自己”。上文提到人生在世，和我们相处最久、打交道最多的是我们自己；故D项“但是一个人往往最不了解的恰恰也是自己”与上文话题衔接紧密，也为本文的主旨埋下伏笔。故选D。‎ ‎2．选F　上文提到“When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate (高估) yourself.”；故F项“When you are going downhill ...”在此处与上文构成对比，符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎3．选G　上文提到你可能会勇敢地迎接挑战，但是你必须清楚自己努力的方向；故G项“‎ 只要你对自己非常了解，你就没有克服不了的困难”与上文话题衔接紧密，且与本段主旨“正确了解自己”相吻合。故选G。‎ ‎4．选A　上文提到无论你把自己比作一座高山还是一块石头，你都代表着自己的一种状态；而A项意为“它都有它自己存在的价值”，放在此处符合语境，与上文话题衔接紧密，且与该段小标题“自我欣赏”相照应。故选A。‎ ‎5．选B　分析文章结构可知，空格处为该段小标题。根据下文三个排比句“In time of anger, do yourself a favor by ...in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor ...”并通读该段内容可知，B项“必要时请善待自己”概括了该段大意，适合做该段标题。故选B。‎