2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMendela–amodernhero单元学案设计 57页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMendela –a modern hero单元学案设计 Nelson Mandela, the first black president of South Africa who was a symbol (象征) of social justice (公正), passed away on Dec. 5, 2013. His death is a great loss to the whole world, since this modern hero, who used to fight for the black people, helped the black people get the same rights as white people, and began a school to help those who had little learning even during the time when he was put into prison. He was the one who always gave priority to (优先考虑) his nation.‎ Nelson was a great man, but he was more than a great man. He was, is, and always will be a hero. In my view, being a hero means more than making great achievements. In fact, heroes are extraordinary (非凡的), because their hearts are filled with love for people. It is this love that makes them heroes, rather than great men.‎ So this is the difference between great men and heroes. What makes a hero is not only one's achievements, but also his selfless (无私的) love. With great achievements and selfless love, the person can become a true hero, just like Nelson Mandela.‎ Section_Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading — Prereading ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现] [读文清障]‎ ELIAS' STORY My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer① to whom I went for advice②. He offered guidance③ to poor black people on their legal④ problems. He was generous with⑤ his time, for which I was grateful⑥.‎ I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school⑦ at six. The school where I studied for only two years⑧ was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees⑨ and the bus fare○10. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when⑪ one had got to have a passbook⑫ to live in Johannesburg⑬. Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work⑭.‎ ‎①lawyer ['lɔːjə] n．律师 ‎②to whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(go to sb. for advice去某人处寻求建议)。‎ ‎③guidance ['ɡaIdəns] n．指导；领导 ‎④legal ['liːɡl] adj.法律的；依照法律的；合法的 ‎⑤be generous with/about在……方面慷慨大方 ‎⑥for which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(be grateful for sth.对某事非常感激)。‎ ‎⑦school n．(抽象名词)学校教育 ‎⑧where I studied for only two years是where引导的定语从句，修饰the school。‎ ‎⑨fee [fiː] n．费(会费、学费等)；酬金 ‎⑩fare n．费(车费、船费、飞机票价等)‎ ‎⑪This is/was a time when ...这是一个……的时期。when引导定语从句，修饰a time。‎ ‎⑫passbook ['pɑːsˌbʊk] n．南非共和国有色人种的身份证 ‎⑬Johannesburg [dʒəʊ'hænIsbɜːɡ] n．约翰内斯堡(南非城市)‎ ‎⑭out of work 失业 伊莱亚斯的故事 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 我叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊•曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他向那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。‎ 由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我6岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有3千米远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我担心我是不是会失业。‎ The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers⑮ so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful⑯ about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth⑰ League⑱， I joined it as soon as I could⑲. He said：‎ ‎“The last thirty years have seen⑳ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage○21 where we have almost no rights at all○22. ”‎ ‎⑮papers n．证件 ‎⑯hopeful ['həʊpfl] adj.怀有希望的；有希望的 become/be hopeful about对……充满希望 ‎⑰youth [juːθ] n．青年；青年时期 ‎⑱league [liːɡ] n．同盟；联盟；联合会，Youth League青年团 ‎⑲as soon as I could我尽可能早地 ‎⑳see此处用了拟人化的写作手法，意为“目睹；见证”。‎ 本句运用了“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ ‎○21stage [steIdʒ] n．舞台；阶段；时期 ‎○22where we have ...是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。‎ ‎[第3～4段译文]‎ 纳尔逊•曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更充满了希望。我永远也忘不了他是多么的善良。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：,“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”‎ It was the truth. Black people could not vote○23 or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live○24 were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to ‎ live○25 were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said○26：‎ ‎“... we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government○27. We chose to attack○28 the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful○29； when this was not allowed○30 ... only then did we decide to answer violence○31 with violence.”‎ As a matter of fact○32， I do not like violence ... but in 1963 I helped him blow up○33 some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison○34. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve○35 our dream of making black and white people equal○36.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎○23vote [vəʊt] vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决 ‎○24in which they had to live是in which引导的定语从句，修饰the parts of town。‎ ‎○25where they were ...是where引导的定语从句，修饰the places outside the towns。‎ ‎○26as Nelson Mandela said是as引导的定语从句，as意为“正如”，指代下面的一段话。‎ ‎○27in which we had either ... or ...是in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a position。 position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或in which。‎ ‎○28attack [ə'tæk] vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 ‎○29which was peaceful是which引导的定语从句，修饰a way。in a way which was peaceful ＝ in a peaceful way。‎ ‎○30allow vt.允许 allow doing sth.允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 ‎○31violence ['vaIələns] n．暴力；暴行 ‎“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。‎ ‎○32as a matter of fact事实上 ‎○33blow up 使充气；爆炸 ‎○34put sb. in prison将某人关进监狱 同义短语：send sb. to prison; throw sb. into prison。‎ because引导原因状语从句，其中含有if引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎○35achieve vt.实现；达到；完成 ‎○36equal ['iːkwəl] adj.相等的；平等的 此处作宾补，构成“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ ‎[第5～7段译文]‎ 他说的是实话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊•曼德拉所说的：,“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”,事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963‎ 年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Prereading ‎ Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．mean　　　　　　　　A．法律的；依照法律的 ‎2．selfless B．投票；选举 ‎3．lawyer C．暴力；暴行 ‎4．legal D．联盟；同盟 ‎5．fee E．律师 ‎6．league F．学费；会费；酬金 ‎7．violence G．不公正的；不公平的 ‎8．vote H．乐意的；自愿的 ‎9．willing I．无私的 ‎10．unfair J．吝啬的；卑鄙的 ‎1～5　__________　6～10　__________‎ 答案：1～5　JIEAF　6～10　DCBHG ‎ Leadin A famous person may not be a great person, but a great person must be a famous person.‎ ‎1．Who do you think are great persons in the following pictures?‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：A，B_and_E ‎2．What do you know about Nelson Mandela?‎ He_devotes_his_life_to_helping_his_people_get_the_same_rights_as_white_people_in_his_country./He_is_a_national_leader_who_has_been_fighting_for_making_black_and_white_people_equal./Nelson_Mandela_is_regarded_as_one_of_the_greatest_spiritual_and_political_leaders_of_South_Africa.‎ ‎ ‎ Whilereading ‎ Fastreading Skim the text and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．What's the main idea of the text?‎ A．The life of black workers.‎ B．The fight between Mandela and the white people.‎ C．The stories between Mandela and Elias.‎ D．The education of Elias.‎ 答案：C ‎2．Match the main idea of each part.‎ Paras. 1～2　 　 　A．The change of Elias' life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did Paras. 3～7 B．The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela Paras. 1～2　__B__　Paras. 3～7　__A__‎ ‎ Carefulreading Read the reading passage carefully and choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．Why did Elias have to leave school?‎ A．He didn't have a passbook.‎ B．His home was far from the school.‎ C．His family couldn't afford the school fees.‎ D．He couldn't read or write.‎ ‎2．Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to ________.‎ A．make money B．help the poor black people with their problems C．make himself famous D．study law ‎3．How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?‎ A．He talked with Elias' boss.‎ B．He helped him get the correct papers.‎ C．He lent him some money.‎ D．He asked him to go to court.‎ ‎4．What dream did Nelson Mandela have?‎ A．To become the president of South Africa.‎ B．To win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ C．To make black and white people equal.‎ D．To blow up some government buildings.‎ 答案：1～4　CBBC ‎ Studyreading Analyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.‎ ‎1．However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。‎ ‎2．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我担心我是不是会失业。‎ ‎3．... we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Mandela became president in South Africa's historic 1994 election (选举)．After that, he often looked to Walter Sisulu, one of his closest friends for more than sixty years, for guidance. Sisulu was in many ways as important as Mandela in the fight against South Africa's racist system (种族主义制度)．‎ In 1944, the two, along with the late Oliver Tambo, founded the ANC Youth League. The ANCYL favored a more militant (激进的) way to the movement against the government. They soon took over the ANC, with Sisulu serving as its secretary general from 1949 to 1954. In 1963, he, Mandela and other top ANC leaders were sentenced to life in prison.‎ Sisulu was always calm and patient after he was released. The day after his release on Oct.15,1989，Sisulu explained to reporters how “it was not possible to lose hope because the spirit of the people outside was too great.” Mandela's release came four months later.‎ Sisulu was born in 1912. Unlike Mandela, whose father was a chief (酋长)，Sisulu was the child of a black maid (女仆) and a white worker. His father left the family when Sisulu was small.‎ He was educated for a while at a local school, but left when he was 15 to support his family. He took whatever jobs he could, and continued to learn on his own. In 1940, he joined the ANC and got Mandela to join it a year later.‎ ‎“Our paths first met in 1941. During the past 62 years, our lives have been closely connected. We shared the joy of living, and the pain. We walked side by side through the valley of death. Together we enjoyed the taste of freedom，” Mandela said after Sisulu died on May 5th, 2003.“A part of me is gone.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了南非著名反种族隔离斗士——沃尔特•西苏鲁，他也是曼德拉的好战友。‎ ‎1．In what way was Sisulu similar to Mandela?‎ A．He also supported peaceful means.‎ B．He also ran for the 1994 election.‎ C．He was also a founder of the ANC.‎ D．He was also a great freedom fighter.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由前两段可知，西苏鲁和曼德拉一样，都是伟大的南非自由战士。‎ ‎2．What made Sisulu feel hopeful about the future?‎ A．Mandela's release.‎ B．The people's power.‎ C．The prisoners' high spirits.‎ D．Reporters' encouragement.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it was not possible to lose hope because the spirit of the people outside was too great”可知，西苏鲁对未来充满希望是因为他受到了人民力量的鼓舞。‎ ‎3．What did Mandela tell us about in the last paragraph?‎ A．His lifelong friendship with Sisulu.‎ B．His important influence on Sisulu.‎ C．His hard efforts to win freedom.‎ D．His opinions on Sisulu's life.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由最后一段中曼德拉的话可知，他深情地回顾了他与西苏鲁六十多年的革命友谊。‎ ‎4．What is the purpose of the text?‎ A．To compare Sisulu with Mandela.‎ B．To show the greatness of Mandela.‎ C．To explain the history of the ANCYL.‎ D．To describe Sisulu's life and achievements.‎ 解析：选D　写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文描写了南非著名反种族隔离斗士西苏鲁的生平和成就。‎ B One of the most unusual flowering plants in the world, the Snowdonia hawkweed (斯诺登水兰), grows only in Snowdonia National Park in northern Wales. The area is rocky and mountainous, and the air is cool and wet. The Snowdonia hawkweed prefers this area. In fact, it grows nowhere else in the world. It is even picky about where it grows in the park.‎ ‎ ‎ The Snowdonia hawkweed is about two inches tall with bright yellow flowers. It may not be the most beautiful plant in the world, but it is a favorite snack of sheep.‎ In 1953, the Snowdonia hawkweed disappeared. People feared that the plant was gone forever. They believed that the sheep there had eaten the last few plants. So, the people who ran the park took the sheep away from the area, hoping that the hawkweed might return. In 2002, almost 50 years after it was thought to be extinct,_a group of plant scientists found the yellow flowers in the park — exactly where it had last been seen, and where it had been searched for without success. The hawkweed had returned!‎ To try to prevent the plant from disappearing again, scientists collected seeds (种子) from the plant. Since 2002, the unusual plant has continued to appear in the park.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种罕见的植物——斯诺登水兰。‎ ‎5．The Snowdonia hawkweed ________.‎ A．is the most beautiful plant in the world B．grows everywhere in northern Wales C．produces the most unusual flowers D．is an extremely unusual plant 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the most unusual flowering plants in the world”， “it grows nowhere else in the world”以及“It is even picky about where it grows in the park.”不难看出，斯诺登水兰对生长环境很挑剔，只在斯诺登国家公园的某个地方生长，是一种异常罕见的植物。‎ ‎6．What happened to the Snowdonia hawkweed in 1953 ________.‎ A．worried a lot of people B．proved nature is powerful C．made the park less attractive D．caused a rise in the number of sheep 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“People feared that the plant was gone forever.”和“the people who ran the park took the sheep away from the area, hoping that the hawkweed might return”可知，当斯诺登水兰在1953年凭空消失后，人们对此很担心。‎ ‎7．The underlined word “extinct” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．‎ A．growing　　　　　　 B．disappearing C．unusual D．dangerous 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“the Snowdonia hawkweed disappeared. People feared that the plant was gone forever.”可知，人们曾一度以为斯诺登水兰灭绝了。故画线词意为“消失了的；灭绝的”。‎ C Robert Frost was born in San Francisco in 1874, but he spent most of his life moving from place to place, often returning to New England, the place of his later childhood and early adult years.‎ Robert was the first child born in his family. Frost's early childhood was filled with anxiety, since his father drank and gambled too much. Frost's father died when Frost was 11, leaving his mother with no choice but to move back home with her parents in Lawrence, Massachusetts.‎ Frost's first published poem appeared in the Lawrence High School Bulletin in 1890. While Frost could attend Harvard College, he attended Dartmouth College instead, because his grandparents thought he would find success there. Frost dropped out of Dartmouth before his first year was over and began teaching primary school.‎ In 1894, Frost received his first payment for the poem My Butterfly: an Elegy. He worked as a reporter while still teaching primary school. Frost married his wife, Elinor White, in 1895. Frost and Elinor had their first child in 1896, a son they named Elliot.‎ In 1897 Frost continued his education at Harvard College, but by 1899 he had dropped out again. In 1901, Frost's grandfather died, leaving him a farm in New Hampshire, which made it possible for Frost to support his growing family. Robert and Elinor had more children, and Frost wrote more and did several different parttime jobs to make ends meet. He taught English literature, trained other teachers in teaching methods, and taught education and psychology classes.‎ In 1913, his first book A Boy's Will was published. The success of this book brought him in contact with many important literary people, including William Yeats. Following this success, Frost published many literary works, including short stories, poems and a play. He made a living by lecturing, writing and sometimes teaching.‎ Frost actively contributed to the literature until his death in 1963. Frost was highly regarded, and he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his poetry four times in his life.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍美国大诗人罗伯特•弗罗斯特的生平故事。‎ ‎8．Robert Frost attended Dartmouth College instead of Harvard College because ________.‎ A．he didn't show any interest in Harvard College B．his grandparents didn't want him to leave the home C．his family hoped that he could save money for them D．his grandparents thought he could achieve more in Dartmouth College 解析：选D　细节理解题。从第三段的“because his grandparents thought he would find success there”可知，弗罗斯特去达特茅斯学院上学而没去哈佛大学主要是受到他爷爷奶奶的影响，他们认为他会在达特茅斯学院取得成功。‎ ‎9．After his grandfather's death, Robert Frost ________.‎ A．lost his family's support for his writing B．couldn't spend most of his time in writing poems C．could run the farm to support his growing family D．didn't want to do parttime jobs anymore 解析：选C　细节理解题。从第五段的“Frost's grandfather died ... which made it possible for Frost to support his growing family.”可知，爷爷的去世留下了一个农场给弗罗斯特，因此他能够维持整个家庭的生活。‎ ‎10．As his first book was published, Robert Frost ________.‎ A．began to get interested in serious literature B．had to make a living by teaching primary school C．found it difficult to stop writing and teaching D．had chances to meet great figures in literature 解析：选D　细节理解题。从倒数第二段的“The success of this book brought him in contact with many important literary people, including William Yeats.”可知，随着第一部诗集的问世，弗罗斯特便开始步入文艺圈，接触那些名人了。‎ ‎11．What is the purpose of this passage?‎ A．To report Robert Frost's influence on poetry.‎ B．To introduce Robert Frost's life story.‎ C．To find out what made Robert Frost a successful writer.‎ D．To review the influence of Robert Frost's terrible childhood.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。从文章的内容可知，本文主要介绍美国大诗人罗伯特•弗罗斯特的生平故事。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Being in an unfamiliar school can be frightening. If you start a new school, you'll have to worry about making friends. Here are simple tips which help you make new friends more easily. __1__ As they're close by, it is easy to chat to them first.‎ Try to speak to everyone in your class. You will study here for three years, so it helps if you get along well with them.‎ If you don't have many friends in your class, it doesn't matter. __2__ You can also chat to them at lunchtimes and after school.‎ Join a lunchtime or after school club. You'll get to meet kids of all years that way.‎ Ask your teacher to pair you with another student.‎ ‎__3__ Since you're the new person, you'll have got celebrity status (名人身份), which you can use for a couple of weeks.‎ Talk to classmates. Remember to smile, and be open and friendly. __4__ When your classmates talk to you, you should listen carefully and look at them in the eye to make ‎ them feel important.‎ As you grow older, it's natural to make new friends and sometimes that means you begin to grow apart from your old friends. So try and make time for all your friends. But what if a friendship group is pushing you out? If this is happening to you, ask someone you're friendly with what has happened. __5__‎ A．Don't break in while your classmates are speaking.‎ B．Never mind what they are talking.‎ C．Use your celebrity status!‎ D．If the friendship is hopeless, try to find new friends.‎ E．Try and make new friends in your neighbour classes.‎ F．There is no need to be upset even if you have lost the friendship with such classmates.‎ G．Try speaking to the students you're sitting next to in class.‎ 答案：1～5　GECAD Section_Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading — Language Points ‎ ‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.quality n．　　　　　质量；品质；性质 ‎2.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 ‎3.found vt. 建立；建设 ‎4.stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期 ‎5.vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决 ‎6.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动 ‎2.devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献 ‎3.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦 ‎4.guidance n．指导；领导→guide v．指导；带领 ‎5.hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hope n．希望；愿望 ‎6.violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地 ‎7.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地 1.反义记忆 ‎①fair→unfair adj.　　　　　不公正的 ‎②willing→unwilling adj. 不乐意的 ‎③legal→illegal adj. 非法的 ‎④selfish→selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的 ‎⑤hopeful→hopeless adj. 无望的 ‎2.对比记忆 ‎①found→founded→founded 建立 ‎②find→found→found 发现 ‎3.“人物特点”的形容词集锦 ‎①mean 吝啬的；自私的 ‎②generous 慷慨的 ‎③easygoing 随和的 ‎④confident 有信心的 ‎⑤devoted 有献身精神的 ‎⑥warmhearted 热心肠的 ‎⑦determined 意志坚定的 ‎⑧honest 诚实的 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.out_of_work　　　　　　失业 ‎2．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 ‎3．blow_up 使充气；爆炸 ‎4．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎5．turn_to 求助于；致力于 ‎6．be_grateful_for 对……感激 ‎7．fight_against 与……作斗争 ‎8．be_willing_to_do_sth. 乐意做某事 1.work as a doctor　　　　　　从事医生工作 ‎2．fight for his country 为他的祖国而战 ‎3．be free from the UK 脱离英国 ‎4．in a peaceful way 以和平方式 ‎5．land on the moon 登陆月球 ‎6．be generous with 对……慷慨 ‎7．answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 ‎8．put sb. in/into prison 把某人送进监狱 ‎9．give up a rich life 放弃富有的生活 ‎10．achieve one's dream 实现梦想 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ 然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。 This is/was a time when ...这是一个……时期。 This_is_a_time_when almost everyone wants to be famous.‎ 这是一个几乎人人都想出名的时代。‎ ‎2.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 ①see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。‎ ‎②where引导定语从句修饰先行词stage, case, point等。 ①The old temple ‎ has_seen_great_changes of the village in the past two hundred years.‎ 这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。‎ ‎②Now their talks have reached a key stage where_one_side_must_give_in_to the other.‎ 现在他们的谈判达到一方必须屈服于另一方的关键地步。‎ ‎3.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.‎ 首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律。 which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语。 He offered some ways that/which_worked very well in practice.‎ 他提供了一些办法，这些办法在实践中很有效。‎ ‎4.... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 only引导副词状语或状语从句放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。 Only_then_did_I_realize that I was wrong.‎ 直到那时我才意识到自己错了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P33)And what qualities does a great person have?‎ 而且一个伟人具有什么样的品质？‎ quality n．质量；品质；性质 of good/high/poor quality　　 质量好的/高的/差的 in quality 在质量方面 ‎①He has many good qualities, but his best quality is his kindness.‎ 他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。‎ ‎②As a matter of fact, air in many cities is of poor quality.‎ 事实上，许多地区的空气质量很差。‎ ‎③There is no difference in_quality between these goods.‎ 在质量方面，这些货物不会有区别。‎ ‎2．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 vt.意指；意味着 ‎(1)adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的 be mean with sth. 　　　　 对某物吝啬 be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 ‎①In my opinion, that is a mean thing to do.‎ 依我看来，那是一件很卑鄙的事情。‎ ‎②The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is very mean with money.‎ 那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他对钱非常吝啬。‎ ‎(2)vt.意指；意味着；意思是 mean to do sth.　　　　　　 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 ‎③I'm terribly sorry, but I didn't mean to_upset (upset) your plan.‎ 真对不起，但我并非有意打乱你的计划。‎ ‎④Bob is determined to get a seat for the concert even though it means standing (stand) in line all night for the ticket.‎ 鲍勃决心要买到音乐会的票，即使那意味着整夜站着排队。‎ ‎3．(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.‎ 一位伟人是能够将自己的生命奉献于帮助他人的人。‎ devote vt.献身；专心于(常与介词to连用)‎ ‎(1)devote ... to ...　　 把……奉献给；把……专注于 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 ‎(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的 be devoted to 专心于；致力于 ‎(3)devotion n. 关爱；奉献 ‎①As we all know, he's a generous, devoted, active and warmhearted man.‎ 众所周知，他是一个慷慨大方、忠诚、积极又热心的人。‎ ‎②I don't think we should devote any more time to persuading (persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.‎ 我认为我们不应该再花时间来说服这么顽固的一个人改变主意。‎ ‎③He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion.(devote)‎ 他如此深爱他的英语教学，以至于我对他的奉献感到敬佩。‎ ‎4．(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.‎ 当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。‎ vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决 vote for　　　　　　　　　　 投票支持 vote against 投票反对 vote on 投票表决 vote to do sth. 表决做某事 ‎①Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn't seem to matter very much.‎ 你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不重要。‎ ‎②Our family vote to_turn (turn) to the lawyer for help.‎ 我们家人表决同意向律师求助。‎ ‎③As we can't agree on this matter, let's have a vote on it.‎ 对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，投票表决吧。‎ ‎5．(教材P34)We chose to attack the laws.‎ 我们选择向法律进攻。‎ attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击n.攻击；进攻；病情发作 ‎(1)under attack　　　　　　　 遭到攻击 make an attack 攻击 a heart attack 心脏病突发 ‎(2)attack sb. 攻击/抨击某人 be attacked with 患病……‎ ‎①The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.‎ 这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。‎ ‎②What will you do if you are under attack? Would you like to make an attack on those who attack you?‎ 你受到袭击时会怎么做呢？你会向袭击你的人发起攻击吗？‎ ‎③The judge said that it was not legal to_attack (attack) other people with violence.‎ 法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。‎ ‎④Hearing her mother was_attacked (attack) with cancer, the girl burst out crying.‎ 听到她的母亲患了癌症，这个女孩突然大哭起来。‎ ‎6．(教材P34)As a matter of fact, I do not like violence ... but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.‎ 事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。‎ as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上 ‎①As a matter of fact, it was useless for him to explain in that situation.‎ 事实上，他在那种情况下解释是无用的。‎ ‎②I thought the work would be difficult. As_a_matter_of_fact,_it's very easy.‎ 我原以为这项工作会很难，事实上却很容易。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“事实上；实际上”的多种表达法：in fact, actually, in reality。‎ blow up 使充气；爆炸 ‎①There were a few cracks in the pipe. It burst and blew up suddenly last night.‎ 管道上有几处裂缝，昨天晚上它突然破裂并爆炸了。‎ ‎②The enemy had planned to blow_up_the_bridge,_but failed at last.‎ 敌人原计划炸掉大桥，但最终失败了。‎ ‎③My bike tyres need blowing_up.‎ 我的自行车胎需要打气了。‎ ‎7．(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.‎ 但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。‎ equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的vt.比得上；敌得过n.平等的人 ‎(1)be equal to 　　　　　　　 等于 be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任做某事 ‎(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B ‎(3)without equal 无与伦比；无敌 ‎(4)equally adv. 同样地；平等地 ‎①As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.‎ 据我所知，他完全有能力胜任这项工作。‎ ‎②His paintings are without equal in the Western world.‎ 他的画在西方世界首屈一指。‎ ‎③No one can equal her in dancing.‎ 论跳舞，没有人能比得上她。‎ ‎8．(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.‎ 伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊•曼德拉。‎ in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ask for trouble　　　　　　 自找麻烦；自寻烦恼 get into trouble 陷入困境 make trouble 惹是生非；制造麻烦 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.‎ ‎ 做某事有困难 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事 ‎①Although Mike was in trouble, he didn't lose heart.‎ 迈克虽然遇到了麻烦，但他并没有灰心。‎ ‎②We should lend a hand to those people in_trouble.‎ 我们应该帮助那些处于困境中的人。‎ ‎③Do you have any trouble finishing (finish) the work on time?‎ 你按时完成这项工作有困难吗？‎ ‎④The soldiers took the trouble to_rescue (rescue) the workers trapped in the mine.‎ 士兵们不辞辛劳地营救被困在矿井中的工人。‎ ‎9．(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?‎ 为什么纳尔逊•曼德拉会使用暴力来使黑人和白人平等？‎ turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于 写出下列句中turn to的含义 ‎①Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.求助于 ‎②If you turn to Page 40, you will find it.翻页 ‎③More and more people turn to computer science.从事于 ‎④Their talk turned to the change that had happened.转向 ‎⑤You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅 turn down　　　　　　　 关小；拒绝 turn in 上交 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)‎ turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)‎ turn out 结果是；证明是；生产出 turn up 开大；出现 ‎⑥He said he was a doctor; but later he turned out to be a cheat.‎ 他说他是医生；后来证明他是个骗子。‎ ‎⑦The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn't turned up yet.‎ 会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ 然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。‎ ‎(1)This is/was a time when ...　这是一个……的时期 ‎(2)There was a time when ... 曾有一段时间……‎ ‎①This was a time when the two countries were at war.‎ 那个时候这两个国家正在进行一场战争。‎ ‎②There_was_once_a_time_when women were not allowed to go to school.‎ 曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。‎ ‎2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。‎ ‎(1)see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。see, find等动词表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，可以使用一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。‎ ‎①The stone bridge saw many changes of this city.‎ 这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。‎ ‎②The past 30 years have_seen (see) the great changes that have taken place in my hometown.‎ 过去30年我的家乡发生了很大变化。‎ ‎③The_dusk_found a little girl crying in the street.‎ 黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。‎ ‎(2)句中where引导定语从句，先行词为stage。当先行词是point, situation, stage, condition和case等表示抽象地点的名词，且引导词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句常用where来引导。‎ ‎①We just hope to reach a point where both sides will sit down and talk together.‎ 我们只是希望达到双方能坐下来一起谈判的地步。‎ ‎②You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.‎ 你可能遇到一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。‎ ‎③Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.‎ 今天我们将讨论一些关于英语初学者不能正确使用英语的情况。‎ ‎3．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ 在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。‎ ‎①Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise. ‎ 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。‎ ‎②Only by practising papercutting more can_you_learn the folk art.(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。‎ ‎③Only when I left my parents for Italy did_I_realize how much I loved them.‎ 只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我多么爱他们。‎ ‎[名师点津]　若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。‎ ‎④Only she can finish the work in an hour.‎ 只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Our hometown has_seen (see) a lot of changes in recent years.‎ ‎2．Don't walk alone in the street after dark, or you may get attacked (attack)．‎ ‎3．According to the law, women shall enjoy the equal (equally) right to vote in our country.‎ ‎4．It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.‎ ‎5．There was once a time when women had no right to vote.‎ ‎6．He was put into prison because he blew up some government buildings in South Africa.‎ ‎7．He is devoted to the research and his devotion to the work leads to his success.(devote)‎ ‎8．Great people have lots of good qualities (quality), such as honesty, selflessness and independence.‎ ‎9．People voted against Henry who often tells lies.‎ ‎10．Missing the first bus means waiting (wait) for another hour.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.‎ ‎→October 1st, 1949 saw the founding of the People's Republic of China.‎ ‎2．I knew an accident happened to him only when he told me about it.‎ ‎→Only when he told me about it did_I_know an accident happened to him.‎ ‎3．Can you think out a situation? This word can be used in the situation.‎ ‎→Can you think out a situation where_this_word_can_be_used?‎ ‎4．Whenever Bob has difficulties, he will ask me for help.‎ ‎→Whenever Bob is_in_trouble,_he will turn_to me for help.‎ ‎5．In fact, I was the one who broke the window.‎ ‎→As_a_matter_of_fact,_I was the one who broke the window.‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The woman is too mean (吝啬的) to make a donation.‎ ‎2．You must try to improve the quality (质量) of all your goods.‎ ‎3．Do you know when the government was founded (成立)?‎ ‎4．She takes a(n) active (积极的) part in school life.‎ ‎5．All people are equal (平等的), having the same rights as each other.‎ ‎6．I was a fairly good football player in my youth (青年时期)．‎ ‎7．China is playing an important role on the international political stage (舞台)．‎ ‎8．We must follow the principle (原则) that education should be fair to everyone.‎ ‎9．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence (暴力) is shown on television.‎ ‎10．Bill is a generous (大方的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disasterhit area.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I think you should settle your problem in a peaceful (peace) way. Fighting can't solve any problems.‎ ‎2．He offered guidance (guide) to the poor people on their legal rights.‎ ‎3．It's illegal (legal) to read people's private letters without permission.‎ ‎4．The lawyer is willing (will) to help those in trouble.‎ ‎5．The money was divided equally (equal) among her four children.‎ ‎6．We all know that everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable (rely) and easy to get on with.‎ ‎7．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing (play) computer games.‎ ‎8．Founded (found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.‎ ‎9．Amy had great trouble making (make) up her mind to send her daughter to go abroad.‎ ‎10．There was once a time when black people were treated badly.‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 in trouble， as a matter of fact， under attack， out of work， vote for， turn to， blow up， be equal to ‎1．He didn't obey the rules of the company, so he is out_of_work now.‎ ‎2．You might think we are close friends. As_a_matter_of_fact,_I don't know the person who spoke to me just now.‎ ‎3．In modern society, many people often turn_to the Internet for help when they run into problems.‎ ‎4．I think he should be given the position because he is_equal_to it.‎ ‎5．He was very happy when many supporters voted_for him.‎ ‎6．Miss Zhou, a warmhearted and helpful lady, always helps those who are in_trouble.‎ ‎7．The General commanded the soldiers to blow_up the bridge before the enemies came.‎ ‎8．When an animal is under_attack,_it can run away or fight back.‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Elias was a poor black worker. The time 1.when he first met Nelson Mandela was 2.a very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela offered 3.guidance (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. Elias was not at school for long, for his family could not afford his school fees and the bus fare. When he 4.was_worried (worry) about whether he would be out of work because he didn't have one passbook, Nelson Mandela told him what to do. That day was one of Elias' 5.happiest (happy) days in his life. Later, Elias joined the ANC Youth League 6.organized (organize) by Nelson Mandela. In 1963, Elias helped Mandela 7.(to)_blow (blow) up some government buildings. It was very dangerous 8.but Elias was happy because he thought 9.it would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people 10.equal (equality)．‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 她一直热爱(be devoted to)自己的工作，虽然现在有些麻烦(in trouble)。然而，他根据既定原则(principle)处理了那个问题。事实上(as a matter of fact)，她特别胜任(be equal to)这份工作，因为在设计方面没人能比得上她(equal her in designing)。也许有一天她会失业(out of work)，但她不会向任何人求助(turn to)。‎ She_has_been_devoted_to_her_work_though_she_is_in_trouble_now._However,_he_dealt_with_the_problem_on_principle._As_a_matter_of_fact,_she_is_quite_equal_to_the_job,_because_no_one_can_equal_her_in_designing._She_may_be_out_of_work_someday,_but_she_will_never_turn_to_anybody.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 The whole school was talking about the coming trip at a winter camp. And everyone was __1__， except me.‎ ‎“I'll hate it，” I told my parents.“I'll get homesick (想家的). I'll look stupid at winter sports, and everyone will __2__ me.”‎ ‎“You might be surprised, Bree，” said Mom.“The only way to find out is to __3__.”‎ ‎“It's what growing up is all about，” Dad added.‎ When __4__ the camp, we were asked to share one __5__.‎ ‎“I'm afraid I'll be homesick，” someone said.‎ I wasn't the only one？！ I began to __6__. After lunch, we were asked to ski (滑雪) down to the field. I skied __7__， but I still hit a piece of ice and __8__.‎ ‎“Ha! Ha！” Behind me, somebody started laughing. I __9__ to see who was making fun of me.‎ To my __10__， I saw a girl in the same awkward (尴尬的) position I was in.“I thought I'd be bad at this, __11__ I'm worse than I expected！” she said.‎ ‎__12__， I started laughing too. After being so __13__ of falling, it was a comfort not to fear it anymore.‎ At dinnertime, I was so happy to be talking about interesting things that I __14__ to feel homesick.‎ The next day, I was __15__ to try ski jumping first, even though I didn't want to. But when my feet left the ground, I felt I was __16__ and it was wonderful.‎ Maybe Dad was right when he said “You might __17__ it if you give it a chance！”‎ Maybe the kind of __18__ Mom and Dad were talking about had more to do with my outlook (态度) than my looks. We all __19__ fitting in and failing when we try __20__ things. Sometimes you've got to fall on your face to discover how much you've got in common. ‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。在成长过程中我们或许会害怕尝试新事物，或许会害怕失败，然而，这些都是成长的必经阶段。在此过程中，我们需要以积极向上的态度来面对这一切。‎ ‎1．A.strange　　　　　　　　 B．excited C．nervous D．sad 解析：选B　根据该空后的“except me”和“I'll hate it”可知，其他人都很“兴奋(excited)”，然而作者不想去冬令营。‎ ‎2．A.laugh at B．wait for C．speak to D．talk about 解析：选A　根据前半句“I'll look stupid at winter sports”可知，由于作者不擅长冬季运动项目，因此害怕别人会“笑话(laugh at)”她。‎ ‎3．A.change B．dream C．try D．move 解析：选C　作者的妈妈鼓励作者自己去“尝试(try)”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.A.searching for B．arriving at C．making up D．returning to 解析：选B　根据文章首句中的“the coming trip at a winter camp”可知，此处指“到达(arriving at)”营地。‎ ‎5．A.story B．fact C．purpose D．fear 解析：选D　根据下一句中的“I'm afraid I'll be homesick”可知，大家分享一件“害怕的事(fear)”。‎ ‎6．A.relax B．ask C．eat D．sleep 解析：选A　作者一开始担心自己会想家，担心会被别人笑话，因此听到别人说想家时，她开始“放心(relax)”了。‎ ‎7．A.finally B．interestingly C．carefully D．quickly 解析：选C　根据上文中的“I'll look stupid at winter sports”可知，由于作者不擅长冬季体育运动，因此她“小心翼翼地(carefully)”滑雪。‎ ‎8．A.went out B．fell down C．ran away D．gave up 解析：选B　根据该空前的“I still hit a piece of ice”可知，作者撞到一块冰上，“摔倒了(fell down)”。‎ ‎9．A.looked back B．stood up C．walked around D．stepped over 解析：选A　根据上一句“Behind me, somebody started laughing.”可知，有人在作者身后发出笑声，因此作者“朝身后看去(looked back)”，想知道究竟是谁在笑。‎ ‎10．A.shame B．regret C．pleasure D．surprise 解析：选D　根据该空后的“I saw a girl in the same awkward (尴尬的) position I was in”可知，作者原本以为有人在笑她，然而令她“诧异(surprise)”的是，有一个女孩也摔倒了。‎ ‎11．A.because B．so C．but D．or 解析：选C　“I thought I'd be bad at this”与“I'm worse than I expected”之间为转折关系，故填but。‎ ‎12．A.Quietly B．Suddenly C．Unhappily D．Hopefully 解析：选B　女孩所说的话让作者也“突然(Suddenly)”笑了起来。‎ ‎13．A.tired B．afraid C．certain D．proud 解析：选B　根据上文的描述可知，作者一直“害怕(afraid)”摔倒。‎ ‎14．A.forgot B．refused C．failed D．stopped 解析：选A　根据该空前的“happy to be talking about interesting things”可知，作者在晚饭时和别人聊得很开心，以致“忘了(forgot)”想家。‎ ‎15．A.prepared B．allowed C．protected D．chosen 解析：选D　根据后半句“even though I didn't want to”可知，作者在第二天被“选中(chosen)”第一个尝试跳台滑雪。‎ ‎16．A.learning B．crying C．flying D．dying 解析：选C　根据该空前的“my feet left the ground”和该空后的“it was wonderful”可知，作者感觉自己在“飞翔(flying)”。‎ ‎17．A.prevent B．enjoy C．discover D．trust 解析：选B　作者在此体会到跳台滑雪给她带来的乐趣，因此，她认同爸爸说的“你尝试后或许会‘喜欢(enjoy)’上它的”。‎ ‎18．A.growing up B．showing off C．winning back D．working out 解析：选A　根据上文中的“‘It's what growing up is all about，’ Dad added.”可知，作者在此发出关于“成长(growing up)”的感慨。‎ ‎19．A.catch up B．point out C．believe in D．worry about 解析：选D　联系全文的语境可知，在成长过程中，当我们尝试“新(new)”事物时，我们都会“担心(worry about)”不适应或是失败。‎ ‎20．A.right B．easy C．new D．popular 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ When I was 8, my uncle sent I a Tshirt from American as my birthday present. On morning of my birthday, I wear the Tshirt and walked to the market. On the way, some big boys laughed at me. I became very nervously, so I walked faster, but more and more boys laughed at me late. I turned back and ran from my home. I asked my mother，“Why did the boys laugh at me？” My mother looked at my Tshirts with a smile but asked, “Are you lonely？” Suddenly, I had realized why the boys were laughing at me. The message on my Tshirt was “I am lonely”．‎ 答案：第一句：第二个I→me; American→America 第二句：On后加the; wear→wore 第四句：nervously→nervous; late→later 第五句：from→to 第七句：Tshirts→Tshirt; but→and 第八句：去掉had Section_Ⅲ Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅱ)‎ ‎ ‎ 语法图解 ‎ ‎ 探究发现 ‎1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. ‎ ‎2．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. ‎ ‎3．He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. ‎ ‎4．The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. ‎ ‎5．However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ ‎6．The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. ‎ ‎7．...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. ‎ ‎8．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(句1、5、6)；关系副词where_在定语从句中作地点状语(句4、7)。 ‎ ‎(2)在“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中，which用于指代物(句3、8)；whom用于指代人(句2)。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎ 关系副词的指代及功能 关系副词 先行词 功能 ‎ when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 ‎ where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 ‎ why reason 原因状语 ‎ ‎1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。‎ I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.‎ 我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。‎ We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.‎ 我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。‎ ‎2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。‎ I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.‎ 我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。‎ Finally, we got to a factory, where many mobile phones of high quality were produced.‎ 最后，我们来到一家工厂，在那里许多高质量的手机被生产出来。‎ ‎3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 ‎ Can you explain the reason(＝for which) why you don't help him? ‎ 你能解释一下为什么不帮助他的理由吗？‎ Can you tell me the reason why you didn't come to his birthday party?‎ 你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？‎ ‎[名师点津]　表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词。试比较： ‎ Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?‎ 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)‎ Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?‎ 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)‎ I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.‎ 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)‎ I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.‎ 我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)‎ ‎[即时演练1]‎ 对比填空：that, which, when, where, why ‎①I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.‎ ‎②I will never forget the days when we stayed together.‎ ‎③The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.‎ ‎④The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.‎ ‎⑤Keep the book in a place where you can find it easily.‎ ‎⑥This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.‎ 二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。‎ 选用介词的依据：‎ ‎1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。‎ Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.‎ 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for“因……而出名”)‎ ‎2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。‎ This is the camera with which he often takes photos.‎ 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera“用照相机”)‎ The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.‎ 金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss' company)‎ ‎3．根据句子的意思来选择。‎ The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.‎ 这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。‎ ‎4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。‎ I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.‎ 我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。‎ The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)‎ The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)‎ ‎[即时演练2]　关系词或介词填空 ‎①(2016•浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.‎ ‎②The girl to whom you talked just now is our English teacher.‎ ‎③The day will come on which we will win the final victory.‎ ‎④The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.‎ ‎⑤The death of his son was an experience from which he never fully recovered.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The reason why/for_which she changed her mind is quite clear.‎ ‎2．The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.‎ ‎3．I saw a house, the windows of which were broken.‎ ‎4．She has two sons, both of whom graduated from Harvard University.‎ ‎5．Nobody knows the reason for which she didn't attend the meeting.‎ ‎6．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.‎ ‎7．The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.‎ ‎8．We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.‎ ‎9．This is the factory that/which I visited last year.‎ ‎10．The old man has two sons, and both of them are lawyers.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago.‎ ‎→The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.‎ ‎2．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river. ‎ ‎→We settled down in a small village in_front_of_which ran a winding river.‎ ‎3．She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now. ‎ ‎→She has three sons and all_of_them are abroad now.‎ ‎→She has three sons, all_of_whom are abroad now.‎ ‎4．There are sixty students in our class.Thirty of the students in our class are girls. ‎ ‎→There are sixty students in our class, thirty_of_whom are girls.‎ ‎5．The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school. ‎ ‎→The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town.‎ ‎6．Do you remember the days？On those days we played together.‎ ‎→Do you remember the days when we played together?‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．The reason why_he_could_not_go_there was that he was ill in bed.‎ 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。‎ ‎2．We are living in an age when_many_things_are_done on computer.‎ 我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。‎ ‎3．After graduation he returned to the small town where/in_which_he_grew_up.‎ 毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。‎ ‎4．I don't like the way (that/in_which)_you_speak_to_your_parents.‎ 我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。‎ ‎5．The house which_was_destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.‎ 那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了。‎ ‎6．I'll never forget the days when_I_worked_together_with_you.‎ 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。‎ ‎7．We made a survey among the students, 78%_of_whom_vote Lee their monitor.‎ 我们在学生中进行了一次调查，78%的学生投票支持Lee来当班长。‎ ‎8．He is one of my old schoolmates, who_I_came_across the other day in the street.‎ 他是我的一个老同学，我前几天在街上偶然遇见了(come across)他。‎ Section_Ⅳ Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现] [读文清障]‎ THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY You cannot imagine① how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from which no one escaped②. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning③. He taught us during the lunch breaks④ and the evenings when we should have been⑤ asleep⑥. We read books under our blankets⑦ and used anything we could find⑧ to make candles to see the words. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree⑨ but I was not allowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He said they should not be stopped from studying⑩ for their degrees. They were not cleverer than me, but they did⑪ pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about myself⑫.‎ ‎①imagine vt.想象；认为 imagine后可跟名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。‎ ‎②escape [I'skeIp] vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开 from which no one escaped是from which引导的定语从句，修饰a prison。from与从句谓语动词escape搭配(escape from从……逃走)。‎ ‎③who had little learning是who引导的定语从句，修饰those of us。‎ ‎④break n．间歇；休息 ‎⑤should have done本应该做(实际上没做)‎ ‎⑥when we should have been asleep是when引导的定语从句，修饰evenings。‎ ‎⑦blanket ['blæŋkIt] n．毛毯；毯子 ‎⑧we could find是定语从句，修饰先行词anything, 从句省略了作find宾语的关系代词that。‎ ‎⑨degree n．学位；程度；度数 ‎⑩stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，此处用了被动语态。‎ ‎⑪did为助动词，表示强调，意为“确实；的确”。‎ ‎⑫feel good about oneself自我感觉不错 伊莱亚斯的故事续篇 ‎[第1段译文]‎ 你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰难的岁月。但是我到那里时，纳尔逊•曼德拉也在那儿，他帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们这些几乎没有上过学的人开办学校。他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。我们躲在毯子下面读书，用可以找到的任何东西做成蜡烛来看书。我成了一名好学生，想要为我的学位而学习，但是别人不允许我这样做。后来，曼德拉先生让狱卒加入我们一起学习。他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试，因此我就知道我也能够拿到学位。这让我觉得自己还不错。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　When I finished the four years in prison⑬， I went to find a job. Since I was better educated⑭， I got a job working in an office⑮. However, the police found out⑯ and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost my job. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power⑰ in 1994⑱. All that time my wife and children had to beg⑲ for food and help from relatives⑳ or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group○21. All the terror○22 and fear○23 of that time came back to me. I remembered the beatings○24 and the cruelty○25 of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward○26 after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. So now I am proud to show○27 visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.‎ ‎⑬in prison表示“坐牢”，prison前不加冠词。‎ ‎⑭educated ['edʒʊkeItId] adj.受过教育的；有教养的 educate ['edʒʊkeIt] vt.教育；训练 since意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎⑮现在分词短语working in an office作a job的定语，说明其具体内容。‎ ‎⑯find out查明白；弄清楚 ‎⑰come to power当权；上台 ‎⑱until引导时间状语从句，意为“直到”，not ... until ...意为“直到……才……”。‎ ‎⑲beg [beɡ] vi.请求；乞求(begged, begged, begging)‎ ‎⑳relative ['relətIv] n．亲戚；亲属 ‎○21the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。‎ ‎○22terror ['terə] n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖活动 ‎○23fear n．恐惧 ‎○24beating n．打；揍 ‎○25cruelty ['kruːəltI] n．残忍；残酷 ‎○26reward [rI'wɔːd] n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏 ‎○27be proud to do因做……而自豪 ‎[第2段译文]‎ 在监狱里待完4年之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。可是警察发现了，告诉了我的老板，说我因为炸政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，给了我一份工作，叫我带着旅行团去参观罗本岛上我住过的那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。我记起了狱卒的痛打和残忍，我想到了我那些死去的朋友，我觉得我做不了这样的(导游的)工作。但是我的家人鼓励我，他们说从南非新政府得到的这份工作和报酬是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。现在我还能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，对此我感到非常骄傲，因为我曾经为黑人在自己的国土上争取自由而出过力。‎ ‎ ‎ Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．Elias' story tells us that ________.‎ A．Mr Mandela was a great leader and was ready to help others B．black people in South Africa lived a hard life before C．Elias was a brave, clever black man and he suffered a lot in the prison D．all the above ‎2．Why did Mr Mandela allow the prison guards to study too?‎ A．Because he needed the guards' help.‎ B．Because he thought the guards had their rights to study.‎ C．Because the guards were black people too.‎ D．Because the guards could pass their exams.‎ ‎3．Why did Elias study on Robben Island?‎ A．To kill time.‎ B．To help Mandela.‎ C．To fight against the government.‎ D．To get a degree.‎ ‎4．How does Elias feel now when he works on Robben Island?‎ A．Frightened.　　　　　 B．Proud.‎ C．Excited. D．Upset.‎ 答案：1～4　DBDB ‎ ‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.escape vi.& vt.　　　　　逃脱；逃走；避开 ‎2.beg vi. 请求；乞求 ‎3.relative n. 亲戚；亲属 ‎4.reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏 ‎5.sentence vt. 判决；宣判 ‎6.president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长 ‎7.opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.educate vt.教育；训练；培养→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→educator n．教师；教育学家→education n．教育；教育学；训练 ‎2.terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义；恐怖统治→terrorist n．恐怖分子 ‎3.cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的 1.or后缀表示人的常见名词 ‎①educate→educator n．　　　教育者 ‎②act→actor n. 演员 ‎③direct→director n. 导演；指挥 ‎④translate→translator n. 翻译员 ‎2.表示“职务”的单词荟萃 ‎①monitor n. 班长 ‎②captain n. 上尉；上校；队长 ‎③chairman n. 主席 ‎④president n. 总统 ‎⑤headmaster n. 校长 ‎3.“依某人看来”的多种表达 ‎①in one's opinion ‎②in one's view ‎③as far as sb. is concerned 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.lose_heart　　　　　　　丧失勇气或信心 ‎2．come_to_power 当权；上台 ‎3．set_up 设立；建立 ‎4．be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎5．beg_for 乞讨 ‎6．escape_from 从……中逃脱 1.during the lunch breaks　　　在午饭间隙 ‎2．stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 ‎3．feel good about oneself 自我感觉良好 ‎4．be proud to do sth. 因做某事而自豪 ‎5．be in prison 蹲监狱 ‎6．lose one's job 失业 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.‎ 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。 should have done本应该做某事，但实际上并没做。 You should_have_been_more_careful in the examination.‎ 在考试时你本来应该更仔细些。‎ ‎2.They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.‎ 他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试。 did用于一般过去时，放在谓语动词之前，用于加强语气。 He does_work_hard and finish the job on time. ‎ 他的确工作努力并且按时完成了工作。‎ ‎3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 the first time连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。 I was very nervous the_first_time I gave a speech in the meeting hall. ‎ 我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P37)The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when ‎ he was in trouble. ‎ 我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。 ‎ lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 lose one's heart to　　　　 爱上……‎ put one's heart into 专心于 heart and soul 全心全意；完全地 ‎①Please don't lose heart; you still have chances.‎ 请不要灰心，你还有机会。‎ ‎②Although he was attacked with heart disease, the man did not lose_heart.‎ 虽然患了心脏病，但这个人没有失去信心。‎ ‎③Put your heart into your work and you will succeed in time.‎ 专心于工作，总有一天你会成功的。‎ ‎2．(教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped. ‎ 那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。‎ escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开 ‎(1)escape＋n./doing　　　 避免；逃脱……‎ escape from＋n. 从……中逃脱 ‎(2)have a narrow escape 死里逃生 ‎①Luckily, he was able to escape from the burning building.‎ 幸运的是，他从失火的建筑物中逃出来了。‎ ‎②No one can escape punishment/being_punished (punish) if he breaks law.‎ 任何违法的人都逃脱不了惩罚。‎ ‎③Believe it or not, I had a narrow escape.‎ 信不信由你，我死里逃生。‎ ‎3．(教材P38)I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.‎ 在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。‎ come to power 当权；上台；执政 ‎(1)be in power　　　　　 当权；执政 come into power 上台；执政；当权 ‎(2)do all/everything in one's power to do sth.‎ ‎ 竭尽所能做某事 within one's power 某人力所能及的 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 ‎①After he came to power, the man devoted most of his time to society work.‎ 这个人当权后把他的大部分时间用于社会工作。‎ ‎②The government came to power two years ago.‎ ‎＝The government has_been_in_power for two years.‎ 政府两年前开始执政。/政府已执政两年。‎ ‎③Every time I get into trouble and turn to him, he will do everything in_his_power to help me out.‎ 每次我处境困难向他求助时，他都竭尽所能地帮我摆脱困境。‎ ‎4．(教材P38)All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. ‎ 在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。 ‎ beg vi.& vt.请求；乞求(begged, begged)‎ ‎(1)beg for　　　　　　 乞求得到；请求得到 beg (sb.) to do sth. 乞求(某人)做某事 beg one's pardon 对不起；没有听清，请求别人再重复一次，此时 ‎ 多用升调 ‎(2)beggar n. 乞丐 ‎①She ran to the nearest house and begged for help.‎ 她跑到最近的人家请求帮助。‎ ‎②The young man begged to_join (join) our club.‎ 这个年轻人恳求加入我们的俱乐部。‎ ‎[名师点津]　beg后接宾语从句时，从句应使用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。‎ ‎③The children begged that they (should)_join (join) in the activity to make our city more beautiful.‎ 孩子们请求加入使我们城市更美的活动。‎ ‎5．(教材P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.‎ 他们说从南非新政府得到的这份工作和报酬是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。‎ reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏 ‎(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 为(做)某事而给某人报酬 in reward (for) 作为(对……的)报答 ‎(2)reward sb. with ... for (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 为(做)某事而以……报答某人 ‎①He gave the boy a reward of D＄100 for bringing back the lost dog.‎ 他奖励小男孩100美元，因为他送回了丢失的狗。‎ ‎②In_reward,_I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.‎ 作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。‎ ‎③She got nothing in_reward_for her kindness.‎ 她的好心没有得到一点回报。‎ ‎④She wanted to reward the cleaners with ￡1,000 for their efforts.‎ 她想对清洁工所做出的努力奖赏1 000英镑。‎ ‎6.(教材P39)set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg ‎ 设立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的贫穷黑人提供帮助 set up 建立；设立；创办 set down　　　　　　 记下；写下 set aside 把……放在一边；省出；留出 set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 set out 出发；动身；着手做 set about doing sth. ＝ set out to do sth.‎ ‎ 开始做某事 ‎①For all these years I have been working for others. I'm hoping I'll set up my own ‎ business some day.‎ 这些年来我一直为他人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。‎ ‎②You had better set_down what your teacher said.‎ 你最好把你老师说的话记下来。‎ ‎③The moment he arrived home, he set out to_read (read) the book.‎ 他一回到家就开始读书。‎ ‎7．(教材P39)sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against antiblack laws 由于鼓励用暴力反对反黑人的法律被判处五年劳役 sentence vt.判决；宣判 n．判决；句子 ‎(1)be sentenced to　　　　　　　 被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎(2)sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑 sentence sb. to five years in prison ‎ 判某人五年监禁 sentence sb. to prison for life 判处某人终身监禁 ‎①The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior.‎ 由于囚犯的恶劣行为，他被判处死刑。‎ ‎②The prisoner was_sentenced (sentence) to pay a fine of D|S5,000.‎ 这名犯人被判处5 000美元的罚款。‎ ‎③The judge sentenced the man to prison for life.‎ 法官判这个人终身监禁。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.‎ 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。‎ should have done意为“本应该做而未做”，表示站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。其否定式为：shouldn't have done，意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。‎ ‎①I should have left London before 9, but I didn't.‎ 我本该在9点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。‎ ‎②In my opinion, she should_have_come (come) earlier.‎ 在我看来，她应当更早一点儿来。‎ ‎③He shouldn't have said that to his brother.‎ 他不该对他弟弟说那些话。‎ ‎2．They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.‎ 他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试。‎ 句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。‎ did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时时态与句子的时态一致。‎ ‎①He did give the boy a toy car as a reward for his help.‎ 他确实给了那个男孩一辆玩具车作为对他提供的帮助的奖赏。‎ ‎②She does (do) go to school every day.‎ 她确实是每天都去上学。‎ ‎③They do want to make peace with you.‎ 他们确实想与你和好。‎ ‎3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. ‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。‎ the first time连词，意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。类似用法还有every/each time每次……就……；每当；next time ...下次……等。‎ ‎①I thought her kind and honest the first time I saw her.‎ 我第一次见她时觉得她诚实、善良。‎ ‎②Next_time you come, do remember to bring your son here.‎ 下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。‎ ‎③Every_time John is late for school, he will make up some new excuse.‎ 每次约翰上学迟到，他都会编个新借口。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在“This/It is/was the first time＋that从句．”中，从句要用完成时(现在完成时/过去完成时)。‎ ‎④This is the first time that I have been a volunteer, so I am now receiving all the training involved.(2017•天津高考书面表达)‎ 这是我第一次成为志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The first time I visited (visit) that land, I decided to settle there.‎ ‎2．It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have_visited (visit) our school.‎ ‎3．The young man, who was_sentenced (sentence) to ten years in prison for his acts of violence, lost all hope for his future.‎ ‎4.—John is always working hard.‎ ‎—So he is. I believe all his efforts will be_rewarded (reward) at last.‎ ‎5．The driver narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident.‎ ‎6．A notice was set up in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.‎ ‎7．As we all know, he does (do) speak English well.‎ ‎8．He lost his heart to the beautiful girl from the countryside.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．The cyclist just felt_frightened_the_first_time he was riding a bicycle and got injured.‎ 这位车手在他第一次骑自行车受伤时，简直吓坏了。‎ ‎2．During the earthquake some miners were trapped in the mine, and they couldn't_escape_without_rescue.‎ 地震时矿工被困在矿井中，没有救援他们不能逃脱。‎ ‎3．It was in the year 2016 that_he_came_to_power as the governor of this province.‎ 他是在2016年当权，成为该省省长的。‎ ‎4．William begged_his_father_to_buy a new cellphone for him, but got refused.‎ 威廉恳求他的父亲给他买部新手机，但遭到了拒绝。‎ ‎5．That man was_sentenced_to_death for killing one of his friends.‎ 那个人因杀了自己的一个朋友而被判处死刑。‎ ‎6．He spent the time he should_have_spent_time in studying in playing computer games, so he didn't pass the exam.‎ 他把本来应该用在学习上的时间花在了玩电脑游戏上，所以他没通过考试。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Charlie is very polite to everybody, so he must be an educated (受过教育的) person.‎ ‎2．The judge will pass sentence (判决) tomorrow after the report.‎ ‎3．When the earthquake happened, the teacher chose to protect her students instead of escaping (逃跑) first.‎ ‎4．In my opinion (见解), watching TV is a waste of time.‎ ‎5．A large number of blankets (毛毯) and clothes have been collected for the victims of the earthquake.‎ ‎6．The girl cried in terror (恐怖) when she saw a snake.‎ ‎7．The beatings and the cruelty (残忍) of the guards had a deep effect on Elias.‎ ‎8．The relatives (亲属) of the passengers on that missing plane were waiting anxiously for news.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 escape from， have a high opinion of， beg for， come to power， set up， be sentenced to ‎1．Since he came_to_power,_the situation in the country has been greatly improved.‎ ‎2．The thief was_sentenced_to five months in prison because he stole things in a shop when he was out of work.‎ ‎3．When in trouble, they had to beg_for money from the passersby.‎ ‎4．The policeman caught the robber, who was trying to escape_from the police car.‎ ‎5．All the teachers have_a_high_opinion_of Mary because she is smart and hardworking.‎ ‎6．After many failures, he finally set_up his own company.‎ ‎[本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．People in all countries want a peaceful (peace) world rather than one filled with wars.‎ ‎2．If you need any guidance (guide) on these tasks, please let me know. Perhaps I can help.‎ ‎3．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful (hope)．‎ ‎4．Mr Guo devotes himself to helping (help) the poor, and has helped many people.‎ ‎5．Jim was_attacked (attack) by a man in the park. Fortunately, he got slightly injured.‎ ‎6．If a teacher doesn't treat all his students equally, it is unfair (fair)．‎ ‎7．High school education (educate) is very important for students, because it can help them to choose their future.‎ ‎8．When a person is in trouble, talking with others often helps him feel better.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．She was a great scientist and devoted_herself/all_her_life_to_protecting_wild_animals.‎ 她是一位伟大的科学家，一生致力于保护野生动物。‎ ‎2．In_fact/As_a_matter_of_fact,_his father has_been_out_of_work_for_two_years.‎ 实际上，他的父亲已经失业两年了。‎ ‎3．When his relatives and friends turn_to_him_for_help,_he is_always_willing_to lend them a hand.‎ 当他的亲戚朋友向他求助时，他总是乐于帮助他们。‎ ‎4．After he became rich, he built/set_up/started_a_primary_school in his hometown.‎ 他富裕以后就在家乡建了一所小学。‎ ‎5．He was suffering a lot of pain the_first_time_I_saw_him.‎ 我第一次见到他时，他正遭受着巨大的痛苦。‎ Ⅲ.短语替换(每空一词)‎ ‎1．A：His brother lost his job several months ago.‎ B：His brother has been out of work for several months.‎ ‎2．A：A new government was founded after the civil war.‎ B：A new government was set up after the civil war.‎ ‎3．A：I haven't been here long. In fact, I just got off the plane yesterday.‎ B：I haven't been here long. As a matter of fact,_I just got off the plane yesterday.‎ ‎4．A：I think teenagers should spend more time in reading in their spare time.‎ B：In my opinion,_teenagers should spend more time in reading in their spare time.‎ ‎5．A：He is a goodhearted lawyer and those in difficulties often ask him for help.‎ B：He is a goodhearted lawyer and those in difficulties often turn to him for help.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Theodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1904. He was famous because of the books he wrote for children. They combine funny words, pictures, and social opinions.‎ Dr Seuss wrote his first book for children in 1937. It is called And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. A number of publishers refused to publish it. They said it was too different. A friend finally published it. Soon other successful books followed. Over the years, he wrote more than forty children's books. They were fun to read. Yet his books sometimes dealt with serious subjects.‎ By the middle 1940s, Dr Seuss had become one of the bestloved and most successful writers of children's books. He had a strong desire to help children. In 1954, Life magazine published a report about school children who could not read. The report said many children's books weren't interesting. Dr Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.‎ In 1957, Dr Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat. He used less than 225 words to write the book. This was about the number of words a sixyearold should be able to read.‎ The story is about a cat who tries to entertain two children on a rainy day while their mother is away from home. The cat is not like normal cats. It talks. The book was an immediate success. It was an interesting story and was easy to read. Children loved it. Their parents loved it, too. Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best.‎ 语篇解读：本文为人物传记，主要介绍了著名儿童作家Theodor Seuss Geisel 的生平事迹。‎ ‎1．What's the best title for this passage?‎ A．Some of Dr Seuss's books for children B．What are Dr Seuss's books mainly about C．Dr Seuss — a famous writer of children's books D．Why are Dr Seuss's books different 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据文章可知本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Theodor Seuss Geisel，一位著名的儿童作家，故选C。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Dr Seuss's first book for children?‎ A．It was Dr Seuss's worst book.‎ B．It dealt with a very serious subject.‎ C．Neither children nor adults like it.‎ D．Many publishers didn't take it seriously at first.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“A number of publishers refused to publish it. They said it was too different.”可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎3．How did Dr Seuss help children according to Paragraph 3?‎ A．By asking others to help them in magazines.‎ B．By writing interesting and simple books.‎ C．By changing his old books into simpler ones.‎ D．By giving them books for free.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Dr Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.”可知B为正确选项。‎ ‎4．Adults most probably think that Dr Seuss's The Cat in the Hat is ________.‎ A．interesting　　　　　 B．serious C．difficult D．boring 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best.”可知A为正确选项。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Keeping a diary in English is one of the __1__ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.‎ ‎__2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes __3__ (little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of __4__ (think) in English. If we persist in this practice, __5__ (gradual) we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many __6__ (difficulty). In the first place, __7__ often happens that we have trouble finding proper words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us __8__ (put) them into English properly.‎ As far as I'm concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary __9__ easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great __10__ (useful) to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.‎ 答案：1.effective　2.Compared　3.less　4.thinking ‎5．gradually　6.difficulties　7.it　8.to put　9.within　10.use Section_Ⅴ Writing —人物介绍 ‎ ‎ 人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一，以简单介绍人物的生平为主，这种简短的人物传记内容是人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。 ‎ 一、基本结构 ‎1．人物的基本信息如：生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等；‎ ‎2．人物的重要事迹(举例说明)；‎ ‎3．人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；‎ ‎4．作者对人物的评价。‎ 二、增分佳句 ‎1．He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. ‎ 他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。 ‎ ‎2．He/She was born in 1911.‎ 他/她出生于1911年。‎ ‎3．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.‎ 他/她曾就读于当地一所高中，毕业于北京大学。 ‎ ‎4．He/She is such a learned/strongwilled person that we all admire/respect him/her. ‎ 他/她是如此一个博学/意志坚强的人，我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。 ‎ ‎5．He/She devoted all his/her life to the work.‎ 他/她把毕生都致力于工作。‎ ‎6．He/She made great contributions to our country.‎ 他/她对我们国家作出了巨大贡献。 ‎ ‎7．He/She was highly thought of by many people.‎ 他/她受到很多人的高度评价。 ‎ ‎8．He/She will live in the hearts of us forever. ‎ 他/她会永远活在我们心中。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家钱学森。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．1911年生于上海，1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯•卡门(Von Karman)的赞誉；‎ ‎2．1938年在美国获航空、数学博士学位；‎ ‎3．1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国；‎ ‎4．1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献，被誉为“新中国航天之父”；‎ ‎5．2009年于北京去世。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ 参考词汇：航天航空科学技术aerospace science and technology 第一步：审题构思很关键 一、审题 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为人物介绍；‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；‎ ‎3．确定时态：介绍已故人物的时态应以一般过去时为主。‎ 二、构思 ‎1．介绍钱学森的个人生平；‎ ‎2．介绍钱学森的经历、事迹和成就；‎ ‎3．对钱学森的评价。‎ 第二步：核心词汇想周全 ‎1．be_regarded_as　　　　　　　　被认为是 ‎2．further_study 进修；深造 ‎3．think_highly_of 高度评价 ‎4．obtain_doctor's_degree 获得博士学位 ‎5．be_devoted_to 献身于 ‎6．pass_away 去世 ‎7．contribution 贡献 ‎8．respect 尊敬 第三步：由词扩句雏形现 ‎1．1911年生于上海。‎ He was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai.‎ ‎2．1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯•卡门的赞誉。‎ In 1935, Qian went to America for further study and was_highly_thought_of by Von Karman because of his great achievements.‎ ‎3．1938年在美国获航空、数学博士学位。‎ In 1938, he obtained_his_doctor's_degree in aerospace science and mathematics in the US.‎ ‎4．1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国。‎ In 1950, he heard New China had been founded and succeeded_in_coming_back_to his homeland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.‎ ‎5．1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献。‎ Since 1958 he had_been_devoted_to aerospace science and contributed a lot to the cause of China's aerospace.‎ ‎6．他被誉为“新中国航天之父”。‎ He was_regarded_as the father of China's space program.‎ ‎7．2009年于北京去世。‎ In 2009, he passed_away_in_Beijing.‎ 第四步：句式升级造亮点 ‎1．用过去分词短语改写句1和句6‎ Qian_Xuesen,_regarded_as_the_father_of_China's_space_program,_was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai.‎ ‎2．用定语从句改写句2和句3‎ In 1935, Qian went to America for further study and was highly thought of by Von Karman because of his great achievements, who obtained his doctor's degree in aerospace science and mathematics in the US in 1938.‎ 第五步：过渡衔接联成篇 Qian_Xuesen,_regarded_as_the_father_of_China's_space_program,_was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai._In_1935,_Qian_went_to_America_for_further_study_and_was_highly_thought_of_by_Von_Karman_because_of_his_great_achievements,_who_obtained_his_doctor's_degree_in_aerospace_science_and_mathematics_in_the_US_in_1938._In_1950,_he_heard_New_China_had_been_founded_and_succeeded_in_coming_back_to_his_homeland_in_1955_though_the_American_government_tried_to_stop_him._Since_1958_he_had_been_devoted_to_aerospace_science_and_contributed_a_lot_to_the_cause_of_China's_aerospace_and_in_2009,_he_passed_away_in_Beijing._Because_of_the_love_for_his_country_and_the_great_achievements,_he_has_received_the_respect_and_admiration_from_his__people.对应学生用书P88‎ ‎ ‎ I'd like to express my thanks to one of my devoted friends, who helped me selflessly in the past three years. There was a time when my company that was set up 10 years ago was in trouble, which meant I may be out of work.I didn't mean to beg others for help so I refused to turn to anyone. But my friend came. She devoted her time and money to helping me. The last three years saw the support and help that she gave me. Only then did I realize how generous she was. With her help, I didn't escape from the fact, which meant I didn't lose heart. And now I have made my dream come true again.‎ 我要感谢我的一位挚友，在过去的三年里无私地帮助我。曾有那么一段时期，我那家成立于十年前的公司陷入困境，这意味着我可能会失业。我不打算向任何人请求帮助，所以我拒绝求助于任何人。但是我的朋友来到我的身边。她不遗余力地倾其时间与金钱来帮助我。这三年见证了她对我的支持和帮助。直到那时我才意识到她有多么慷慨。在她的帮助下，我没有逃避现实，也就是说我没有失去信心。所以现在，我又实现了我的梦想。‎ ‎ ‎ 加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练 Ⅰ.完形填空 From the first week of high school, my best friend, Trisha, was always going out with the popular girls. __1__ I thought, “It's okay; she's just making new friends.” But soon I realized that Trisha wasn't interested in me anymore. I'd __2__ my best friend. It really hurt.‎ One day, I told Trisha that we should __3__ pretending (假装) to be friends when we really weren't anymore. I wasn't trying to make her mad, __4__ she was. After that, Trisha started talking about me behind my back, telling people that I was __5__. Some of our friends __6__ with her. I felt like she was taking them away from me.‎ The more I thought about it, the __7__ I got. Finally, I __8__ a picture of Trisha and drew lines on her face. I wrote, “I __9__ this person” across the bottom. And then I did something I'll always __10__： I put it on a website I thought was __11__. I thought people would see it, and it felt good to vent (发泄)．‎ A week later, Trisha's mom saw the __12__. She called my mom, who made me take it off the website right away. However, it was already too __13__. Lots of people had seen it, and I was in a lot of __14__.‎ That whole day, I felt __15__. I had to say sorry to Trisha face to face. She said she accepted my apology (道歉), but I felt she was __16__ angry with me.‎ Posting that picture was one of the worst __17__ I've ever made. I realize now I could have found a much better way to deal with my __18__. If I'd just told Trisha how much I __19__ her, maybe things would have turned out __20__. It's too late for me to change things, but I hope you'll learn from my mistake.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者最好的朋友上了高中后不断结交新朋友并开始冷落作者，作者因此感到不满，做了一件让她懊悔终生的事情。‎ ‎1．A.At least　　　　　　　 B．At first C．In general D．In public 解析：选B　根据下文中的“But soon I realized that”可知，作者“一开始(At first)”觉得Trisha是在结交新朋友，可以接受。‎ ‎2．A.lost B．met C．found D．made 解析：选A　根据上一句中的“Trisha wasn't interested in me anymore”可知，作者的好朋友不再对她感兴趣，因此作者“失去了(lost)”这个好朋友。‎ ‎3．A.enjoy B．suggest C．stop D．continue 解析：选C　作者告诉Trisha，既然她们已经不再是朋友，因此也应该“不再继续(stop)”假装是朋友。‎ ‎4．A.because B．so C．but D．and 解析：选C　根据该段接下来描述的事实可知，尽管作者不是有意要激怒Trisha，“但是(but)”Trisha却很生气。‎ ‎5．A.busy B．sad C．careless D．bad 解析：选D　根据该空前的“Trisha started talking about me behind my back”可知，Trisha开始在作者背后说三道四，告诉其他人她“不好(bad)”。‎ ‎6．A.sided B．talked C．remained D．studied 解析：选A　根据下一句中的“she was taking them away from me”可知，作者和Trisha共同的朋友开始“支持(sided)”Trisha。‎ ‎7．A.less serious B．less proud C．quieter D．angrier 解析：选D　根据该段接下来叙述作者的所作所为可知，作者越想“越生气(angrier)”。‎ ‎8．A.gave back B．took up C．cut D．received 解析：选B　根据该空后的“drew lines on her face”可知，作者“拿起(took up)”Trisha的一张照片。‎ ‎9．A.need B．fear C．hate D．prefer 解析：选C　根据上文描述作者和Trisha之间发生的事情可知，作者“恨(hate)”Trisha。‎ ‎10．A.regret B．control C．correct D．mention 解析：选A　根据作者在最后一段的悔恨可知，她做了一件让她永远“后悔(regret)”的事情。‎ ‎11．A.strange B．unknown C．popular D．private 解析：选C　根据下一句中的“I thought people would see it”可知，作者将照片发到了一个“受欢迎的(popular)”网站。‎ ‎12．A.book B．picture C．news D．letter 解析：选B　根据上一段中的“a picture of Trisha”可知，Trisha的妈妈在网上看到那张“照片(picture)”。‎ ‎13．A.dark B．big C．old D．late 解析：选D　根据该空后的“Lots of people had seen it”可知，一切已经“为时已晚(late)”。‎ ‎14．A.trouble B．peace C．danger D．help 解析：选A　根据该段的介绍可知，Trisha的妈妈看到了网上的照片并且告知了作者的妈妈，而且已经有许多人看到了照片，因此作者深陷“麻烦(trouble)”之中。‎ ‎15．A.excited B．free C．terrible D．lucky 解析：选C　意识到了事情的严重性，作者那天感到很“糟糕(terrible)”。‎ ‎16．A.just B．still C．once D．soon 解析：选B　根据转折连词but可知，Trisha虽然口头上说接受作者的道歉，然而作者觉得Trisha“仍然(still)”在生她的气。‎ ‎17．A.excuses B．explanations C．changes D．decisions 解析：选D　根据接下来作者的悔悟可知，将照片传到网上是作者做过的最坏的“决定(decisions)”。‎ ‎18．A.lessons B．feelings C．mistakes D．friends 解析：选B　联系全文可知，作者觉得她本可以以一种更好的方式来处理自己的“情感(feelings)”。‎ ‎19．A.missed B．trusted C．praised D．influenced 解析：选A　作者现在意识到如果她直接告诉Trisha她很“想念(missed)”她，那么事情可能就“不是这样的了(differently)”。‎ ‎20．A.suddenly B．clearly C．differently D．hopefully 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 Roberto Clemente was born in Puerto Rico. When he was eight years old, he started ‎ working on a sugar farm. Clemente worked many hours. But he always found time to play baseball. Even when there were no games, Clemente would throw whatever he could find — a bottle top or an old shoe.‎ Years of practice made Clemente a skilled player. When he was 18 years old, he became a professional (职业的) baseball player. In 1954, the Pittsburgh Pirates asked Clemente to play for their team. However, playing for the Pirates was not easy at first. Many of the other players treated (对待) Clemente poorly. Most of the players were white, and Clemente was a black. But his attitude and skill helped him become the leader of the team.‎ In 1971, Clemente's team competed in the final game of the Baseball World Series. By this time, Clemente was one of the oldest players on the team. However, he was also still one of the best. Clemente had been hurt all season. But he believed in his skill and in his team. He promised his team that they would win. Clemente kept his promise and the Pirates won the World Series.‎ After the World Series, Clemente became famous for more than just his baseball skills.‎ On December 23, 1972 there was a big earthquake in Nicaragua. Clemente decided to go to Nicaragua himself and give supplies to people there. But Clemente never had a chance to do so. On December 31,1972, his airplane crashed (坠毁) over the ocean. Clemente was only 38 years old.‎ In his life, Roberto Clemente cared about many things. He loved baseball. He loved his country. And he loved helping other people. Clemente gave his life serving others. He died as a hero. One of his friends said, “If he had died as a baseball player, only people who love sports would remember him. But he died helping other people. And now people will remember him as someone who used his life to help others.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了来自波多黎各的著名棒球运动员罗伯托•克莱门特，他不仅球艺精湛还救困扶危。‎ ‎1．Clemente was badly treated in the Pirates because of ________.‎ A．his age　　　　　　　 B．his race C．his poor skills D．his bad attitude 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Most of the players were white, and Clemente was a black.”可以推测，由于Clemente是黑人，所以一开始在匹兹堡海盗队时受到不好的对待。‎ ‎2．During the final game of the World Series, Clemente ________.‎ A．was in good health B．let his team members down C．was the oldest player on his team D．was sure of winning the competition 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But he believed in his skill and in his team. He promised his team that they would win.”可知，在世界大赛的决赛时期，Clemente对自己的球队信心满满。‎ ‎3．While trying to help people in Nicaragua, Clemente ________.‎ A．lost his life B．died in an earthquake C．gave up playing baseball D．gave supplies directly to them 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述可知，Clemente想要亲自将赈灾物资送到灾区，然而却在途中意外坠机身亡，故选A项。‎ ‎4．The author writes the text to tell us that ________.‎ A．Clemente loved baseball more than his life B．Clemente was much more than a great baseball player C．the honor of Clemente was not easily won D．the story of Clemente was not just about a promise 解析：选B　写作意图题。作者在文章最后一段描述Clemente不仅热爱棒球还热心助人，最后因助人而献身，并引用Clemente朋友的话：“如果Clemente仅仅是一名棒球运动员，那么只有热爱运动的人会记得他，但Clemente舍己为人，全世界的人都将他铭记在心”。因此，作者旨在告诉我们：Clemente不仅仅是一名出色的棒球运动员。‎ 加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练 Ⅰ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ My daughter's birthday is May 29. As it was Monday, we preferred to celebrate it earlier on Saturday. On Friday the __1__ (entirely) family were busy packing the presents and putting funny pins on them. I promised my little princess that I would wake her up early in the morning __2__ distribute the presents to her classmates.‎ I woke up at 5：30 when I realized that __3__ earthquake struck. I woke my husband up and asked him __4__ (carry) my daughter and ran out. We were watching our house shaking from outside. However, as we __5__ (plan), I went to my daughter's school but no one was there except the teacher __6__ warned us to get back to our house as a tsunami might come soon.‎ ‎__7__ (return) to my house, I began to wonder about the presents: to whom we should deliver? After several __8__ (discuss), we decided to give them to the children in hospital. Entering the hospital, I was really shocked. There were __9__ (thousand) of people bleeding and lying outside the rooms. A boy came up with a bandage on his head. __10__ (quick) I handed over one present to him.He received it and then ran to his mom excitedly. His eyes glittered (闪闪发光), which I cannot ever forget. I cried silently while continuing to distribute the presents to other children.‎ 答案：1.entire　2.and　3.an　4.to carry　5.had planned　6.who/that　7.Returning　8.discussions　9.thousands　10.Quickly Ⅱ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ How to make true friends are very important to everybody. To make friends, you must be friend to others. You should do you best to make a stranger to feel at home, no matter where he happens to be. Think as you are in your position and not judge a stranger only by his appearance. Try to remember other's names, which will make them feel that they have made impression on you. If you don't agree with others on certain matters, don't argue and discuss with them. Finally, don't believe those leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”‎ 答案：第一句：are→is 第二句：friend→friendly 或be 后加a 第三句：you→your; 去掉第二个to 第四句：your→his; not→don't 第五句：other's→others'; made 后加an 第六句：and→but 第七句：those 后加who Ⅲ.书面表达 你校英文报“Great People”栏目开展征文活动，你有意参加。请根据提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍英国最伟大的作家威廉•莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)。‎ 生卒年份 1564～1616‎ 经历及成就 ①7岁开始读书，未完成学业就回家帮助父亲打理生意。‎ ‎②做过很多工作，包括教书。‎ ‎③1588年开始写作，1590年就已经出名。‎ ‎④一生留下了37部戏剧作品以及大量的诗歌。‎ ‎⑤许多著名英语格言来自其作品。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考范文：‎ William Shakespeare, who was born in 1564 and died in 1616, is regarded as the greatest of all English writers.‎ He started to receive a school education at the age of seven. Unfortunately, he had to help his father with his business at home without finishing his education. To make a living, he did many kinds of work, including teaching.He started writing in 1588 and became successful two years later. Shakespeare devoted his life to writing, leaving 37 famous plays and many great poems. Many wellknown English sayings come from his work, so he had a great influence on the English language and English literature.‎ ‎ ‎ 第一部分　听力　(满分30分，限时20分钟)‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1．How much will the man pay for the tickets?‎ A．￡ 7.5.　　　 B．￡ 50.　　　　C．￡ 15.‎ ‎ 2.Which is the right gate for the man's flight?‎ A．Gate 25. B．Gate 22. C．Gate 16.‎ ‎3．How does the man feel about going to school by bike?‎ A．Tired. B．Happy. C．Worried.‎ ‎4．When can the woman get the computers?‎ A．On Thursday.‎ B．On Wednesday.‎ C．On Tuesday.‎ ‎5．What does the woman think of the shirt for the party?‎ A．The size is not large enough.‎ B．The color is not suitable.‎ C．The material is not good.‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6．What can we learn about Mr. Brown?‎ A．He is out for a meal.‎ B．He is at a meeting.‎ C．He is in his office.‎ ‎7．What will the man probably do next?‎ A．Come again.‎ B．Call back.‎ C．Leave a message.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8．What kind of room does the man want to take?‎ A．A single room.‎ B．A double room.‎ C．A room for three.‎ ‎9．What does the man need to put in the form?‎ A．Telephone and student card numbers.‎ B．Address and telephone number.‎ C．Student card number and address.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10．What is the relationship between the speakers?‎ A．Customer and salesperson.‎ B．Boss and secretary.‎ C．Workmates.‎ ‎11．What does the man like about his job?‎ A．Chances to go abroad.‎ B．Living close to the office.‎ C．Nice people to work with.‎ ‎12．What do we know about the woman?‎ A．She likes traveling.‎ B．She works in Public Relations Department.‎ C．She is new to the company.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13．When will the visitors come?‎ A．In May. B．In April. C．In March.‎ ‎14．How many visitors are coming?‎ A．8. B．10. C．12.‎ ‎15．What will the visitors do on the second day?‎ A．Visit schools.‎ B．Go to a party.‎ C．Attend a lecture.‎ ‎16．Where will the visitors go on the final day?‎ A．To London. B．To the coast. C．To Scotland.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17．What is the first word the baby tried to say?‎ A．OK. B．Truck. C．Duck.‎ ‎18．How old was the baby when he learned to say that word correctly?‎ A．About 18 months.‎ B．About 24 months.‎ C．About 21 months.‎ ‎19．What did the father do when the baby screamed that word at the airport?‎ A．He tried to stop the baby.‎ B．He corrected the baby.‎ C．He hid himself somewhere.‎ ‎20．Why did the mother pretend not to know the baby?‎ A．She got angry with the father.‎ B．She was frightened by the noise.‎ C．She felt uncomfortable about the noisy baby.‎ 答案： 1～5　CABCB 　6～10　ABABC ‎ ‎11～15　ACCBA 　16～20　BBCAC ‎ 听力材料 Text 1‎ M：How much are the tickets?‎ W：They're fifteen pounds each, but student tickets are at half price.‎ M：Could I have two student tickets, please?‎ Text 2‎ M：Excuse me, I just want to check the boarding gate for BA16 to London. Is it Gate 22?‎ W: Oh, it's just changed, Gate 25. Walk down that way on the right.‎ M：Thanks.‎ Text 3‎ W：Do you live very far from your school?‎ M：About 8 kilometers away. But it doesn't seem that far. There isn't much traffic along this road. It's great to go by bike.‎ Text 4‎ W：Now, can we get the computers before Wednesday?‎ M：Well, it depends. If it's less than 10 kilometers we can deliver them on Tuesday. But if it's farther away, it will be on Thursday. Where's your office?‎ W：Just around the corner.‎ Text 5‎ W：You can't wear that, John. It's black.‎ M：What's wrong with the black shirt？Everybody has a black shirt.‎ W：It doesn't look like going to a party.‎ Text 6‎ M：Hello! May I speak to Mr. Brown?‎ W：I'm sorry. He is out for lunch. Would you like to leave a message?‎ M：Oh. What time do you expect him back?‎ W：Say in half an hour?‎ M：Thank you! I'll try later.‎ Text 7‎ W：Welcome to Youth Hotel. Can I help you?‎ M：I'd like a room for the night.‎ W：Would you like a single room, a double room or a room for three?‎ M：A single room, please. Can I pay by check?‎ W：Sure. Fill in this form, please.‎ M：Need my student card number?‎ W：No, just address and telephone number.‎ M：OK. Here's the form.‎ W：Very well. Here's your key to Room 212.‎ M：Thank you.‎ W：Have a good stay.‎ Text 8‎ M：Hi, you must be that new secretary. Welcome! I'm Tom Robinson from Public Relations Department.‎ W：Hi, Mr. Robinson. Thanks! My name is Lisa Jones, working in Sales now.‎ M：Please call me Tom, Lisa.‎ W：OK. Tom, have you worked here long?‎ M：Yes, over twenty years.‎ W：Wow, that is a long time. Do you enjoy working here?‎ M: Well, yes, I suppose I took the job because eh ... well ... the money is good and it's a good place to work in. But to be honest, what I really enjoy is the chance to go abroad, just visiting other countries. That's the best thing.‎ W：That's nice. For me the best thing about working here is that I live close to the office. I can go home for lunch and I don't have to worry about the traffic.‎ Text 9‎ M：Now, Cathy, do you know when the visitors from India are coming?‎ W：We offered them three choices, the end of March, the middle of April and the beginning of May. And they chose the earliest one, which is good actually with the ‎ exams coming up in May.‎ M：Right. And how many are coming? Did you say about 12？　‎ W：Yes, they said 12 at first but changed to 10 this morning.‎ M：Good, we've eight weeks to prepare. Here are my suggestions. On the first day a welcome party. Then they come to visit the schools in this district on the second and third days.‎ W: We've got to know this group want to look at how computers are being used in the classroom.‎ M：Exactly. So I want to ask Mr. Goodman to give them a talk on this on the afternoon of the third day.‎ W：That'll fill in very nicely.‎ M：And on the last day they want to do some sightseeing. We could take them on the tour of London. But many of them may have been there already. And Scotland is too far away.‎ W：Why not take them for a walk along the coast? It should be interesting.‎ M：Good idea, Cathy. I'm sure they'll like it.‎ Text 10‎ There are many interesting stories about how a baby learns to say its first word. Here is my story. I was about 18 months old, I think. And I had just started to say my first word. Every time a truck went by, I would shout a word that sounded like “truck”. But to everyone else it sounded nothing like it. My parents tried to correct me, but failed. Then about three months later, we traveled to New York. As we were waiting for a plane at the airport, I looked out of a huge window. At that very moment I saw the largest truck in the world. I had to tell someone about this. I turned to my father. He was standing next to about a thousand people waiting for various flights when I screamed “Truck! Truck！” My father tried hard to shut me up. But I was so excited that I kept screaming my special word. My poor mother decided to pretend she didn't know this baby and ran into the lady's room where she hid until I finally stopped. Well, I learned how to say “truck” correctly and soon I was talking like a normal child. However, my parents will never forget the very first word I produced in my life.‎ 第二部分　阅读理解　(满分40分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A My first Glastonbury was in 2005. The year of rain and mud (泥)! We took off our shoes and danced in it up to our knees! I loved it! I've now been many times！This year's festival was fantastic — I didn't want to go home. The best part for me was an Icelandic band (乐队) called Sigur Ros. I'd never heard of them, but I loved their music.‎ ‎— Marina M, Scotland Well, I don't know what to say — my second time, and it was the most amazing experience！I'm now sitting at work thinking about the best four days of my life. We didn't see any rubbish bands, and the DJs rocked all night. We saw the sun rise at 5 on ‎ Sunday morning — an amazing experience. Only one thing — there were so many mobile phones. Why? I thought Glastonbury was about getting away from it all.‎ ‎— Dave Chow, London I've taken my kids to Glastonbury twice. It really is an education for kids. The atmosphere (气氛) is amazing. I think this is because of the mix of people of all ages. It's great to see them — from very young kids and teenagers, to people my parents' age and older. Everyone gets on so well. On Saturday night we watched Radiohead with my 11yearold son, and the crowd moved back so he could see better. We loved everything.‎ ‎— Len Ferris, Gloucester This was my first year at Glastonbury. I travelled 10,000 miles to be there. I've been to other festivals in Australia and Europe. I went to the Sonar Festival in Barcelona two years ago — it was great, but I've always wanted to come to Glastonbury. It was amazing. Radiohead was the best thing I have ever seen at a festival ever, and I'm going to come next year if I can.‎ ‎— Izzi, Chirstchurch, New Zealand 语篇解读：本文是应用文。文中的四人分别谈论了自己在世界上最大的露天音乐节——格拉斯顿伯里音乐节——的经历和感受。‎ ‎21．What did Marina do when it rained during Glastonbury?‎ A．She took cover from the rain.‎ B．She played with Sigur Ros.‎ C．She had fun in the mud.‎ D．She went back home.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由Marina所说的“The year of rain and mud (泥)！We took off our shoes and danced in it up to our knees！”可知，音乐节遇到下雨，她便在泥中舞蹈。‎ ‎22．What made Dave unhappy?‎ A．The performances lasted too long.‎ B．He had to stay up late all night.‎ C．He was disturbed by phones.‎ D．Some bands played badly.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由Dave所说的“Only one thing — there were so many mobile phones. Why？I thought Glastonbury was about getting away from it all.”可知，他唯一不满的是太多人在使用手机，干扰他享受音乐节。‎ ‎23．What does Len think of Glastonbury?‎ A．It brings people of all ages together.‎ B．It seems boring to kids his son's age.‎ C．It provides an early education for kids.‎ D．It's so crowded that nothing can be seen.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由Len所说的“The atmosphere is amazing. I think this is ... to people my parents' age and older.Everyone gets on so well.”可知，他认为该音乐节使不同年龄段的人相聚在一起。‎ ‎24．Who has been to Glastonbury only once?‎ A．Marina.　　　　　　 B．Dave.‎ C．Len. D．Izzi.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由Izzi所说的“This was my first year at Glastonbury”和“I'm going to come next year if I can”可知，今年是Izzi第一次参加该音乐节，说明Izzi只参加过一次。‎ B In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery (奴隶制) in 1820. Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross. She was to become Harriet Tubman. She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.‎ From the age of five, Harriet Tubman's owners made her work very hard. First, she cared for the child of the farm owner. Then, she did hard work on large farms.‎ Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right. Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.‎ One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old. Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt. For the rest of her life, Tubman's head wound caused problems for her.‎ When she was about 25 years old, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. But she was still a slave. Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape. She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North. Tubman became a free woman.‎ ‎ But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South. So she travelled back to help them escape as well. Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom. Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the US.‎ Harriet Tubman died in 1913. Her memory brings hope to many people — especially to those who fight for justice (正义). She encouraged people to never give up.‎ ‎“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特•塔布曼。‎ ‎25．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?‎ A．She was born a slave.‎ B．She was born in Africa.‎ C．She was taken to the US by a slave trader.‎ D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a girl was born into slavery”可知，Harriet Tubman出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。‎ ‎26．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________.‎ A．planned to run away B．helped a slave escape C．fought bravely against her owner D．was seriously wounded in her head 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when she was 13 years old”和“her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt”可知，Tubman在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。‎ ‎27．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________.‎ A．honest and friendly B．strong and helpful C．lucky and careful D．clever and polite 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文中对Tubman事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获取自由。由此可知，B项准确概括了Tubman的品质特点。‎ ‎28．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Africans' Fight for Freedom B．Harriet Tubman: From Slave to Hero C．The History of Slavery in the United States D．The American Civil War: The North Against the South 解析：选B　标题归纳题。Harriet Tubman出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获取新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为了一名英雄。故B项作标题贴切。‎ C To help the environment, many Americans have made the change from paper and plastic bags to reusable shopping bags. But a report by a Florida newspaper says that reusable shopping bags sold by some supermarkets have high levels of lead (铅), which can be dangerous to humans, especially young children. Now, there's a call for a rethink about the use of reusable shopping bags.‎ ‎“When our families go to the store looking for safe and healthy foods, the last thing they should be worrying about is a bag，” Charles Schumer, a government official said.“Quick and complete research will allow everyone to make right decisions.”‎ The newspaper bought more than a dozen bags sold at Publix supermarkets from Florida supermarkets to test them for lead. The results showed that certain bags had lead levels that worried health officials. Some bags had enough lead in them to be considered dangerous waste if people were to throw the bags out with other rubbish. Lead in the bags is not likely to move onto food. But over time, paint (油漆) on the bags can break off and the bags can wear out. When this happens, lead can be freed.‎ The affected (受影响的) bags were found in Florida. But Publix has more than 1,000 stores across America. Publix says that its bags don't break any laws about lead levels, but that they have asked the makers of the bags to reduce (降低) the lead levels in them. ‎ The bags with the highest levels of lead had beautiful designs and many pictures. Plain reusable bags without them are found to have little lead. People worried about lead levels in reusable bags can turn to cloth. Paper bags are also a good choice, since paper can be reused.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。环保购物袋中铅的含量让人们对其安全性产生了担忧。‎ ‎29．What worries people now is that reusable shopping bags ________.‎ A．can't be reused B．can be a danger to people C．are a waste of money D．are as bad as paper bags 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的“reusable shopping bags sold by some supermarkets have high levels of lead (铅), which can be dangerous to humans”可知。‎ ‎30．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”．‎ A．bags　　　　　　　　　 B．foods C．supermarkets D．officials 解析：选A　代词指代题。根据第一段可知购物袋中的铅超标，因此，佛罗里达州的一家报社购买购物袋来检测其中的铅含量。故them在此指代bags。‎ ‎31．Lead in shopping bags will probably come out when ________.‎ A．food is put in them B．they are thrown away C．they are put with other rubbish D．the paint is separated from them 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段末句的“paint (油漆) on the bags can break off and the bags can wear out. When this happens, lead can be freed.”可知，环保购物袋外面的油漆脱落和袋子破损后，里面的铅就开始释放出来。‎ ‎32．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．The return of paper bags B．Time to invent greener shopping bags C．The safety of shopping bags D．Look out for reusable shopping bags 解析：选D　标题归纳题。从全文看，本文主要表达了对环保购物袋安全性的担忧，故D项作标题贴切。‎ D If your dog or cat is eating grass, it means it's going to rain.‎ False (错误的) — maybe. There's no evidence (证据) that when a dog or cat is eating grass in the front yard it's going to rain. But then, there's no evidence that it isn't going to rain, either. Doctors think dogs and cats eat grass to help make their stomach better or maybe just because they like the taste of it.‎ You'll get sick if you go outside in cold weather with wet hair.‎ False. You might feel cold, but you can't catch a cold because you were outside with wet hair.‎ Many churches have prevented people from throwing rice at weddings (婚礼) because the rice grows larger in a bird's stomach when eaten, causing the bird to explode (爆炸)．‎ True and false. It's true many churches have prevented people from throwing rice, but this is more likely because the rice can become slick (光滑的) on a road or street. There's nothing about rice that will hurt birds. Rice is an important part of many birds' food.‎ Chocolate is poisonous to dogs.‎ True. Chocolate has theobromine (可可碱), which can make your dog sick. So, if you don't want to put your dog's life at risk, don't feed it with chocolate.‎ The number of people visiting the hospital goes way up during a full moon.‎ False. According to researchers, there is no evidence that more people visit the ‎ hospital during a full moon, though more people do seem to get caught by the police during that time. The idea that the moon influences behavior has been studied for thousands of years — even the word “lunacy”， which means crazy behavior, is based on the word “luna” or “moon”．‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章对一些说法进行了真伪辨别。‎ ‎33．In doctors' opinion, a grasseating dog or cat ________.‎ A．shows animals also have stomach problems B．behaves like that for personal reasons C．shows animals enjoy tasty food D．is a sign of rain 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一部分的“Doctors think dogs and cats eat grass to help make their stomach better or maybe just because they like the taste of it.”可知，猫狗吃草纯属自身的原因。‎ ‎34．The underlined word “poisonous” in the text can best be replaced by “________”．‎ A．dangerous　　　　　　 B．delicious C．similar D．useful 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据该部分的“if you don't want to put your dog's life at risk, don't feed it with chocolate”可知，给狗喂食巧克力可能导致它们有生命危险。‎ ‎35．What's the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To give advice on health.‎ B．To report the latest discoveries in science.‎ C．To provide information about certain stories.‎ D．To test people on their knowledge of animals.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇科普性文章，作者旨在向我们辨别一些说法的真伪。故选C项。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to deal with your homework Write it down. __36__ Make a note on your notebook. Always be sure to write down any homework for school so you won't forget anything.‎ Create a homework station. Find somewhere comfortable and quiet to work. __37__ It will take twice as long to get the homework done. Shut off your cellphone, log off (退出) your computer (unless you will need it for your homework) and close the door.‎ Do it as early as possible. Don't leave homework to the last minute. __38__ The earlier you start your homework, the sooner you will finish! Do all your homework as early as you can, so you don't have a pile of (一堆) homework the next day.‎ ‎__39__ Think about how long it will take you to complete each homework subject. For example: English — ten minutes, science — ten minutes, math — forty minutes, history — twenty minutes.‎ Treat yourself. You can easily get tired by sitting through an hour or two of homework without stopping. Once you finish homework for a subject, take a small break. Just make sure it's quick (no more than 15 minutes). Do not turn on the TV, or ‎ you'll never go back and finish your homework. __40__‎ A．Use your time wisely.‎ B．Start as soon as you get home.‎ C．Start with your hardest homework.‎ D．Never do your homework in front of the TV.‎ E．You can take a walk or find something to eat.‎ F．After short breaks, return to finish up the last of your work.‎ G．Keep a homework notebook where you record all your homework.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章就如何应对家庭作业给出了几点建议。‎ ‎36．选G　根据该段的小标题Write it down 和该空后的“Make a note”， “Always be sure to write down any homework”可知，要将家庭作业记下来。‎ ‎37．选D　根据该空后的“It will take twice as long to get the homework done.”可知，开着电视做作业只会事倍功半。D项中的TV与该段中的cellphone, computer相呼应。‎ ‎38．选B　根据该段的小标题Do it as early as possible可知，要尽早做作业，因此B项符合语境。‎ ‎39．选A　本段主要介绍应如何合理分配各个科目的作业时间，故A项概括了本段大意。‎ ‎40．选F　根据上文中的“take a small break”和“finish your homework”可知，短暂休息过后，最终还是要继续完成作业。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用　(满分45分，限时30分钟)‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Ted Schredd doesn't like cars. He wants people to stop __41__ because cars make the air dirty. Ted had a(n) __42__. He said, “I'm going to cycle (骑自行车) around North America. I want to show everyone that cycling is a __43__ way to get around. If more people ride bikes, the air will be __44__.”‎ He left his __45__ with D|S160 in his pocket. When he __46__ San Diego, he met another cyclist. The cyclist __47__ Ted to speak at a big meeting about the __48__. He said, “We'll buy you a ticket to Texas.” Two hours later, Ted was on a plane to the environmental conference and to a big __49__！‎ While he was at the conference, he met Deanna. It was __50__ at first sight! They talked for six hours. The next day, Ted asked Deanna to __51__ the trip with him. Deanna said yes, and was on the road with Ted 20 days later!‎ ‎“It was __52__ at first，” said Deanna.“Ted got up __53__ every morning, around 6：00 a．m., but I wanted to sleep until noon.” After a few days, they started having fun. __54__ they cycled from Florida to Montreal and then back to Vancouver, every day was __55__. They had free meals in many restaurants, and __56__ in people's backyards during the night. __57__， they made many new friends on the way.‎ On their way back to Vancouver, they __58__ in Edmonton to visit Ted's parents. During the stopover, they got __59__. People wished them to grow old and happy together. They now want to __60__ a book about the trip.“We want people to know that you can be an environmentalist and still have fun，” Schredd said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一位男子骑自行车环游北美，倡议人们绿色出行。‎ ‎41.A.crying　　　　　　　 B．smoking C．driving D．worrying 解析：选C　由文章首句“Ted Schredd doesn't like cars.”可知，他想让人们不要再“开车(driving)”了。‎ ‎42．A.idea B．job C．secret D．excuse 解析：选A　由该空后的“I'm going to cycle ... to get around”可知，Ted有“主意(idea)”了。‎ ‎43．A.new B．fun C．strange D．dangerous 解析：选B　由Ted骑自行车出游的经历以及文章最后的“We want people to know that you can ... still have fun”可知，他认为骑自行车是一种“有趣的(fun)”出行方式。‎ ‎44．A.drier B．thinner C．cleaner D．thicker 解析：选C　由该空前的“cars make the air dirty”及“If more people ride bikes”可知，如果更多的人骑自行车的话，空气会“更加清洁(cleaner)”。‎ ‎45．A.country B．car C．mother D．hometown 解析：选D　由上文内容可知，Ted要离开“家乡(hometown)”，骑自行车环游北美。‎ ‎46．A.reached B．found C．missed D．saw 解析：选A　由该空前的“He left ...”和该空后的“he met another cyclist”可知，当他“到达(reached)”圣地亚哥时，他遇到了另一个骑自行车出游的人。‎ ‎47．A.ordered B．allowed C．invited D．promised 解析：选C　由下文的“We'll buy you a ticket to Texas”可知，这个人“邀请 (invited)”Ted在一个会议上发言。‎ ‎48．A.art B．culture C．medicine D．environment 解析：选D　由下文的“the environmental conference”可知，这是一个有关“环境(environment)”的会议。‎ ‎49．A.problem B．surprise C．holiday D．difference 解析：选B　由下文Ted和Deanna相识、相知并相爱的故事可知，这是一个大大的“惊喜(surprise)”。‎ ‎50．A.love B．pride C．hate D．doubt 解析：选A　由下文的“They talked for six hours.”和“People wished them to grow old and happy together.”可知，他们是一见钟情，故填love。‎ ‎51．A.plan B．start C．change D．finish 解析：选D　Ted从San Diego来到了Texas，他的旅程已经开始了，所以他是想 让Deanna和他一起“完成(finish)”这段旅程。‎ ‎52．A.interesting B．difficult C．important D．comfortable 解析：选B　由下文的“Ted got up ..., but I wanted to sleep until noon”可知，刚开始还是有些“难(difficult)”。‎ ‎53．A.finally B．seriously C．early D．suddenly 解析：选C　由该空后的“around 6：00 a．m.”可知，Ted起床很“早(early)”。‎ ‎54．A.As B．If C．Unless D．Although 解析：选A　由下文的“They had free meals ... new friends on the way”可知，在他们骑车环游的时候，每一天都是“令人兴奋的(exciting)”。‎ ‎55．A.quiet B．boring C．safe D．exciting 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎56．A.cooked B．slept C．worked D．waited 解析：选B　由该空后的“during the night”可知，这里是说晚上他们“睡(slept)”在人们的后院里。‎ ‎57．A.Instead B．At first C．Besides D．After all 解析：选C　这里是对前面内容的进一步补充，故填Besides。‎ ‎58．A.met B．stopped C．practiced D．celebrated 解析：选B　由下文的“During the stopover”可知，他们在埃德蒙顿“停下来(stopped)”去拜访了Ted的父母。‎ ‎59．A.paid B．injured C．punished D．married 解析：选D　由该空后的“People wished them to grow old and happy together.”可知，他们俩“结婚(married)”了。‎ ‎60．A.write B．read C．borrow D．buy 解析：选A　由下文的“We want people to know that you can be an environmentalist and still have fun”可知，他们俩想“写(write)”一本关于这次出游的书。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Rachel and her husband, Jason, __61__were both experienced climbers, were on a climbing holiday in Switzerland. When they were 3,000 metres up in the mountains, there was __62__ storm. The wind was __63__ (extreme) strong and the snow was two metres deep. They couldn't move. Rachel had her mobile phone with her, so she sent a text message to five friends in the UK __64__ (get) their help.‎ About four hours later, one of her friends, Martha, responded __65__ her with a text message. Martha said she had phoned the police in Switzerland and that they had got in touch with the mountain rescue team.‎ But the weather was so bad __66__ the helicopter (直升飞机) couldn't get to the two climbers. The rescue team sent a message to Rachel, __67__ (say): “So sorry Rachel. We tried. Wind too strong. Have to wait till morning. Take care. Be strong.” Rachel felt __68__ (hope) and thought they were going to die as it was freezing, －15℃. However, Jason encouraged her, telling her not to give up.‎ Next morning the storm __69__ (pass) and the helicopter arrived to take them off the mountain. After the accident, they cared for each other with greater __70__ (devote)．‎ 答案：61.who　62.a　63.extremely　64.to get　65.to　66.that　67.saying　68.hopeless　69.passed　70.devotion 第四部分　写作　(满分35分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I've always remembered visiting my aunt and uncle who live in a countryside. One time, we drive down from the city to their house. We were stopped to rest once or twice on the way because the journey was such long. By the time we arrived it was dark and it was difficult see much. I remember getting out of the car and step into a pool of water. I immediately regretted wearing my best shoe because they became dirty. My mother tried to clean them, so it was hopeless. I cried for hours afterwards. But now look back, I consider it a both funny and happily memory in my childhood.‎ 答案：第一句：a→the 第二句：drive→drove 第三句：去掉were; such→so 第四句：see前加to 第五句：step→stepping 第六句：shoe→shoes 第七句：so→but/yet 第九句：look→looking; happily→happy 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 某英文报People栏目面向中学生征稿。请你根据所给提示，写一篇英语短文并投稿。‎ 人物 张衡(公元78年～139年)，我国伟大的天文学家、发明家 主要成就 发明了地动仪，为科学和人类社会的进步作出了巨大的贡献 优秀品质 善于思考、坚持不懈 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：astronomer天文学家；seismograph地动仪 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考范文：‎ Zhang Heng, a great astronomer and inventor, lived from AD 78 to 139. During his life, he made many important discoveries, including the famous seismograph. He made great contributions to the progress of science and human society.‎ Zhang Heng was interested in everything around him and loved to think. It was not always easy to make other people believe new theories. When Zhang Heng first introduced his seismograph, people laughed at him. However, he didn't give up. Instead, he went on to make new discoveries.‎ He believed in what he did even when others did not. This is what we should learn from him.‎