2021版高考英语一轮复习语法训练：特殊句式及结构导学案新人教版 6页

特殊句式及结构 考点一　倒装 ‎(一)完全倒装 ‎1.表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首用完全倒装。常见的有:there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now,in the room,on the wall 等。‎ Here comes the bus.车来了。‎ In rushed the angry man.‎ 那个生气的男人冲了进来。‎ Now is your turn.现在轮到你了。‎ In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden.‎ 学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。‎ ‎①主语为代词时不倒装。‎ Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。‎ ‎②此类倒装结构一般只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时态。‎ ‎2.表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等)‎ Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。‎ Such are the facts; no one can deny them.‎ 这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。‎ ‎(二)部分倒装 ‎1.“only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要用部分倒装。‎ Only then did he realize that he had lost his way.‎ 直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。‎ Only when he returned did we find out the truth.‎ 唯有他回来,我们才能弄明白事实。‎ ‎2.句首为否定或半否定的词语,如 - 6 -‎ ‎ no,not,never,neither,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,barely,at no time,in no way,under no circumstances,no sooner...than,not until,hardly ... when,not only ... but also,by no means等时,要用部分倒装结构。‎ Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent.‎ 他以前很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。‎ By no means shall we give up.我们绝对不会放弃。‎ 否定词不包括由否定前缀构成的形容词。‎ ‎3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。‎ ‎(1)so+be∕助动词∕情态动词+主语 We love having lots of friends.So do those with disabilities.‎ 我们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。‎ ‎ so表示“是的,确实”,重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。‎ ‎—It is too hot.——天太热了。‎ ‎—So it is.——是啊,的确很热。‎ ‎(2)neither∕nor+be∕助动词∕情态动词+主语 I don’t know who he is,nor do I want to know.‎ 我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。‎ ‎(3)在such∕so...that ...结构中,“so∕such+被修饰词”位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。‎ So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others.‎ 他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。‎ ‎(4)neither...nor...结构位于两个分句的句首时,用部分倒装。‎ Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.‎ 我不知道这件事,我也不在乎。‎ ‎(5)在not only ...but (also)...结构中,not only位于句首时,第一个分句用部分倒装。‎ Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course.‎ 我不但喜欢画画,而且还上了绘画课。‎ ‎ 此结构连接主语时不倒装。‎ Not only he but also his parents are sick.‎ 不但他而且他父母也病了。‎ - 6 -‎ ‎(6)not until ...位于句首时,句子或主句用部分倒装。‎ Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.‎ 直到我儿子上了大学他才意识到时间的重要性。‎ ‎(7)在hardly...when...∕no sooner...than...结构中,hardly∕no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。‎ Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.‎ 她刚坐下就听到有人敲门。‎ No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain.‎ 她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。‎ ‎ 这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。‎ ‎(8)as∕though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首构成部分倒装。‎ Pretty as∕though she is,she is not proud.‎ 尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。‎ Try as he would,he might fail again.‎ 尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。‎ ‎ 单数可数名词表语提前时,省略其前的不定冠词。‎ Child as he is,he knows a lot.‎ 虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多。‎ ‎(9)虚拟条件句若有had,were,should时,可省略if,从句用部分倒装。‎ Were I you,I would take his advice.‎ 如果我是你,我会接受他的建议。‎ Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.‎ 如果明天下雨,运动会将会被推迟。‎ 考点二　状语从句的省略 ‎1.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it 时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。‎ While (we were) walking,we met our old friend Jack.‎ 我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。‎ - 6 -‎ ‎2.if so,if any,if possible,if necessary,if not 已看作固定搭配。‎ If (it is) necessary,ask Mr.Wang to help you.‎ 如果有必要,找王先生帮你。‎ Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected.‎ 如果有什么错误,就应该改正。‎ 考点三　强调句型 ‎1.强调句的基本句型是“It is∕was+被强调的部分+that∕who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。‎ It is only children who will make such stupid mistakes.‎ 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。‎ ‎2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is∕was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is∕was+it+that+其他部分”。‎ Was it in this market that you bought the TV?‎ 你是在这个市场买的电视吗?‎ Where was it that he got the information?‎ 他是从哪里得到这条信息的?‎ ‎ 强调句型不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,用“助动词do,does或did+动词原形”,意为“的确;真的;务必”。‎ Do sit down.务必请坐。‎ He did say that he would help me.‎ 他的确说过他会帮我的。‎ 考点四　there be结构 ‎1.there be结构的谓语形式 there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be,happen to be,be likely to be 或remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur 等替换。‎ There seems to be something wrong with the machine.‎ 机器好像出了点问题。‎ There is likely to be an important meeting tomorrow.‎ 明天很可能会有一个重要的会议。‎ - 6 -‎ Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前,那座庙里住着一个老和尚。‎ ‎2.there be结构的非谓语形式 What is the chance of there being an election this year?‎ 今年举行选举的可能性有多大?‎ ‎(there be的动词-ing形式作介词 of的宾语)‎ I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.‎ 我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。‎ ‎(there be的动词不定式结构作动词expect的复合宾语)　‎ 考点五　感叹句 感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。‎ ‎1.what 引导的感叹句 What+a∕an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!‎ What+adj.+可数名词复数∕不可数名词+主语+谓语!‎ What a strange plant!I’ve never seen it before.‎ 这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。‎ What lovely children they are!‎ 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!‎ ‎2.how 引导的感叹句 How+adj.+a∕an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!‎ How+adj.∕adv.+主语+谓语!‎ How+主语+谓语!‎ How interesting a story it is!‎ ‎=What an interesting story it is!‎ 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!‎ How time flies!时间过得真快啊!‎ ‎1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house 　　　　 we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018天津改编) ‎ ‎2.It was when I got back to my apartment 　　　　 I first came across my new - 6 -‎ ‎ neighbors.(2017天津改编) ‎ ‎3.　　　　 (be) it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏改编) ‎ ‎4.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel 　　　　 the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津) ‎ ‎5.Not until recently 　　　　 they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.(2016江苏) ‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.that　直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候,我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此处是强调句型“It is(was)+被强调部分+that+其余部分”,本句强调的是时间状语从句。‎ ‎2.that　正是当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。此处为强调句型it’s...that...,被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。‎ ‎3.Were　如果没有老师的支持,这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句,if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。‎ ‎4.that　考查强调句。句意:你等错地方了。长途汽车是在宾馆接的游客。要判断本题是不是强调句型:It is∕was+被强调部分+that∕who+其他。首先将本句中的It is 和空处去掉,剩下的部分仍为完整的句子,故本句为强调句,因强调的部分是地点,故填that。‎ ‎5.did　考查倒装句。句意:直到近期,他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游有关的活动。not until 位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装,此处指过去所发生的动作,需用一般过去时,故答案为did。‎ - 6 -‎