冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密08情态动词和虚拟语气 20页

考点详解 ‎【考纲解读】‎ ‎ 1. 考生应掌握can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, need, dare, be able to, used to等情态动词的基本用法。‎ ‎ 2. 考生应掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。‎ ‎【命题趋势】‎ ‎ 情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。预计在以后的高考中，可能会对情态动词和虚拟语气进行考查，且还可能通过虚拟语气形式考查某种时态的某个形式。‎ 考向1 情态动词 一、 can, could 与 be able to ‎ ‎1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。‎ ‎ ☞Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） ‎ ‎ ☞Mary can speak three languages.（知识） ‎ ‎ ☞Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。‎ ‎ can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 ‎ ‎ ☞I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. ‎ ‎ 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。如： ‎ ‎ ☞He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. ‎ ‎2. 表示请求和允许。 ‎ ‎ ☞——Can I go now? ‎ ‎ ——Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。‎ ‎ 在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。‎ ‎ ☞——Could I come to see you tomorrow?‎ ‎ —— Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) ‎ ‎3. 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 ‎ ‎ ☞They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. ‎ ‎4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 ‎ ‎ ☞Can this be true? ‎ ‎ ☞This can’t be done by him. How can this be true? ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2017·北京)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should ‎ C. can D. need ‎【参考答案】C　‎ 二、 may, might ‎ ‎1. 表示请求和允许。‎ ‎ might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 ☞——Might/ May I smoke in this room?‎ ‎ ——No, you mustn’t. ‎ ‎ ☞——May/Might I take this book out of the room? ‎ ‎ ——Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) ‎ ‎ 用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。 ‎ ‎2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 ‎ ‎ ☞May you succeed! ‎ might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ He might not come today. 今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ You might also get a headache when you work too hard.‎ ‎ 当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛。‎ You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ ‎ A. should B. need ‎ ‎ C. shall D. may ‎【参考答案】D 三、 must, have to ‎ ‎1. 表示必须、必要 ‎ ☞You must come in time. ‎ ‎ 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）。‎ ‎ ☞——Must we hand in our exercise books today?‎ ‎ ——Yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. ‎ ‎2. must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。‎ ‎ must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 ‎ ‎ ☞I really must go now. ‎ ‎ ☞I had to work when I was your age. ‎ ‎3. must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） ‎ ‎ ☞You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. ‎ ‎ ☞Your mother must be waiting for you now.‎ ‎①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用don’t have to或needn’t。而不用mustn’t。 ‎ ‎—Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎—No, you don’t have to/ needn’t. 不，你不必。‎ ‎②can和must在表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ It can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 ‎ It must be Li Lei. 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎1.—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎ —It’s getting late. I really _________go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ ‎ A .may B .can ‎ ‎ C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【参考答案】C ‎【答案解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许； can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。‎ ‎2. You __________be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ ‎ A .must B. may ‎ ‎ C. can D. will ‎【参考答案】A 四、 dare, need ‎ ‎1. dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 ‎ ‎ ☞How dare you say I’m unfair? ‎ ‎ ☞He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? ‎ ‎ ☞If we dared not go there that day，we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers. ‎ ‎2. need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 ☞You needn’t come so early. ‎ ‎ ☞—Need I finish the work today? ‎ ‎ —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. ‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句 ‎ 中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可 ‎ 接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 ‎ ‎ ☞I dare to swim across this river. ‎ ‎ ☞He doesn’t dare (to) answer. ‎ ‎ ☞He needs to finish his homework today.‎ 五、 shall, should ‎ ‎1. shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 ‎ ‎ ☞What shall we do this evening? ‎ ‎2. shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 ‎ ‎ ☞You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告) ‎ ‎ ☞He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) ‎ ‎ ☞He shall be punished.(威胁) ‎ ‎3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。‎ ‎ ☞You should be strict with yourself as an officer.‎ ‎ 作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。‎ 六、 will, would ‎ ‎1. 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 ‎ ‎ ☞Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? ‎ ‎2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。 ‎ ‎ ☞I will never do that again. ‎ ‎ ☞They asked him if he would go abroad. ‎ ‎3. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习 ‎ 惯”的含义。 ‎ ‎ ☞During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.‎ ‎ ☞The wound would not heal.‎ 七、 should, ought to ‎ ‎1. should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 ‎ ‎ ☞I should help her because she is in trouble. ‎ ‎ ☞You ought to take care of the baby. ‎ ‎2. 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 ‎ ‎ ☞You should / ought to go to class right away.‎ ‎ ☞Should I open the window? ‎ ‎3. 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 ‎ ‎ ☞He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) ‎ ‎ ☞He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) ‎ ‎ ☞This is where the oil must be.(直爽) ‎ ‎ ☞This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)‎ 考向2 情态动词+have done 情态动词＋have done 用法 must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done can/could have done ‎(1)本来能够做但却未做 ‎(2)可能做过某事 can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事 should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了 needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情 ‎1.＂must have done＂‎ ‎☞表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。 ‎ ‎☞It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。‎ ‎☞You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。‎ ‎2.＂can’t have done＂‎ 表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。‎ ‎☞Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. ‎ ‎ 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。‎ ‎☞Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone home. ‎ ‎ 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。‎ ‎3.＂can have done＂‎ ‎☞表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。‎ ‎☞There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? ‎ ‎ 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？‎ ‎☞There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? ‎ ‎ 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？‎ ‎4.＂could have done＂‎ 是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。‎ ‎☞He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。‎ ‎5.＂may have done＂‎ 表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。 ‎ ‎☞—What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事？‎ ‎—I don’t know. He may have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。‎ ‎6.＂might have done＂‎ 表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 ‎ ‎☞She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. ‎ ‎ 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。‎ ‎7.＂would have done＂‎ 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。‎ ‎☞I would have told you all about the boy’s story, but you didn’t ask me. ‎ ‎ 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。‎ ‎8.＂should have done＂‎ 意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。‎ ‎☞Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. ‎ ‎ 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。‎ ‎☞Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn’t have been so harsh on him. ‎ ‎ 看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。‎ ‎9.＂ought to have done＂‎ 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should have done＂用法基本一样。 ‎ ‎☞I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。‎ ‎☞You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。‎ ‎10.＂need have done＂‎ 表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂‎ ‎☞I needn’t have bought so much wine — only five people came. ‎ ‎ 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。‎ ‎☞He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. ‎ ‎ 他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2015·福建）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it’s too bad. You _____________ have made full preparations.‎ A. must B. can ‎ C. would D. should ‎【参考答案】D 难点剖析 情态动词表猜测的用法：‎ 一、can / could用于表推测的用法 ‎(1) 从使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定 ‎ 句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。如：‎ ‎ ☞It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。‎ ‎ ☞What can [could] they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢?‎ ‎ ☞We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。‎ 注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：‎ ‎ ☞Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。‎ ‎ ☞She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。‎ ‎(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be doing 结 ‎ 构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：‎ ‎ ☞He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。‎ ‎ ☞He can’t [couldn’t] have understood. 他不可能理解了。‎ ‎ ☞Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? ‎ ‎ 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗?‎ ‎(3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：‎ ‎ ①表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如：‎ ‎ ☞I could have lent you the money．Why didn’t you ask me? ‎ ‎ 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?‎ ‎ ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如：‎ ‎ ☞You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。‎ ‎ ③表示“差点儿就要”。如：‎ ‎ ☞I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。‎ 二、 may / might用于表推测的用法 ‎ 表示推测，两者都可用，只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。‎ ‎(1) 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑 问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他 句式（如用could等）。如：‎ ‎ ☞He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。‎ ‎ ☞He may [might] not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。‎ ‎ ☞And who may [might] she be? 那么她会是哪一位呢？‎ ‎(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be doing 结 ‎ 构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：‎ ‎ ☞He may [might] tell his wife. 他也许会告诉他妻子。‎ ‎ ☞He may [might] be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。‎ ‎ ☞She may [might] have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。‎ ‎(3)“might+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：‎ ‎ ☞It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。‎ ‎ ☞A lot of men died who might have been saved．很多人本来可以获救的却死了。‎ ‎ ② 表示委婉的批评或责备。如：‎ ‎ ☞You might have made greater progress. 你的进步本来可更大一些的。‎ ‎ ☞You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。‎ 三、must表示推测的用法 ‎ must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如：‎ ‎ ☞I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。‎ ‎ ☞No, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒谎 ‎ ☞He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定误会了我的意思。‎ 考向3 虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 ‎ 包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。‎ ‎ 如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。‎ ‎ ☞If he has time, he wil come. 如果他有时间，他会来的。‎ ‎ ☞He won’t succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。‎ 如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：‎ 假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反 过去式（be的过去式常用were）‎ would/should/might/could + 动词原形 与将来事实相反 ‎(1) 过去式 ‎(2)should + 动词原形 ‎(3)were to + 动词原形 would/should/might/could + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）‎ would/should/might/could + 过去分词 ‎ ☞If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.‎ ‎ 要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)‎ ‎ ☞If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.‎ ‎ 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)‎ ‎ ☞If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.‎ ‎ 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)‎ 二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句 ‎1．省略if形式的虚拟语气 ‎ 在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。‎ ‎ ☞Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded.‎ ‎ 如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。‎ ‎ ☞Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter)，I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.‎ ‎ 如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。‎ ‎2．混合虚拟语气 ‎ 若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。‎ ‎ ☞If she had followed the doctor's words，she would feel better now.‎ ‎ 如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。‎ ‎3．含蓄虚拟语气 ‎ 有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词but for，otherwise，or等中。‎ ‎ ☞Without music(＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull.‎ ‎ 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。‎ ‎ ☞I'm really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwise＝if I were ‎ not so busy)‎ ‎ 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。‎ 三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 ‎1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。‎ ‎ 表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂would/ should/could/might + 动词原形＂。‎ ‎ ☞I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。‎ ‎ ☞I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。‎ ‎ ☞I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。‎ ‎2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂should + 动词原形＂，should可省略。 常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend， insist， order， require， advise， demand， command， ask， request，propose等。‎ ‎ ☞He suggested that we (should) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。‎ ‎ ☞The doctor advised that he (should) change his job. 医生劝他换工作。‎ ‎3. 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。‎ ‎ ☞I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。‎ ‎ ☞I would rather you had been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。‎ ‎4．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。‎ ‎ ☞It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection.‎ ‎ 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。‎ ‎5．as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。‎ ‎ ☞They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.‎ ‎ 他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。‎ ‎6．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。‎ ‎ ☞Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice！‎ ‎ 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！‎ ‎1.（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎ A. It were B. Were it ‎ ‎ C. It was D. Was it ‎【参考答案】B ‎2.（2017•天津） —Do you have Betty’s phone number?‎ ‎ —Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.‎ ‎ A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been ‎ ‎ C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be ‎【参考答案】 B ‎【试题解析】句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。”根据标志词otherwise， 否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可 以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。‎ 难点剖析 错综时间条件句的虚拟语气 ‎ ‎ 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。‎ ‎☞If you had followed the doctor’s advice，you would be better now.‎ 如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.‎ A. had not been B. should not be ‎ C. were not to be D. should not have been ‎【参考答案】A ‎【答案解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用＂情态动词+动词原形＂。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。‎ ‎2. (2015·天津)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A. will be B. would be ‎ C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎【参考答案】D 检测训练 题组一 基础过关 I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．I wish that I______________(go) with you to see the film last night.‎ ‎2．Without electricity，our life____________(be) quite different today.‎ ‎3．I am a poor man now. If I________(have) money，I______________(buy) a large house.‎ ‎4．If she had been more careful，she____________________(not make) these mistakes in the exam.‎ ‎5．I think people__________________(believe) my story if I were not so young.‎ ‎6．The man insisted that he____________(do) his best and________________(not blame) for the failure.‎ ‎7．But for the rain，we____________(have) a pleasant journey the other day.‎ ‎8．If I ________(am) you，I would give that patient a hug.‎ ‎9．It is raining so heavily. If the rain____________________(stop) this afternoon，we could go out for a walk.‎ ‎10．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he__________(be) badly wounded and that ‎ he___________(operate) ‎ ‎ on at once.‎ ‎11．How I wish every family________(have) a large house with a beautiful garden.‎ ‎12．If everyone in the country________(know) first aid，many lives would be saved.‎ ‎13．Tom wishes that he ______________(study) business instead of history when he was in university.‎ ‎14．—John went to the hospital alone.‎ ‎ —If he________________(tell) me about it，I would have gone with him.‎ ‎15．My father was strict. He requested that I__________________(not watch) television on this week nights.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. had gone 2. would be 3. had；would buy 4. wouldn’t have made ‎5. would believe 6. had done；not be blamed 7. would have had ‎8. were 9. were to stop/should stop/stopped 10. was；(should) be operated ‎11. had 12. knew 13. had studied 14. had told 15. (should) not watch Ⅱ. 用适当的情态动词填空 ‎1. Can you help me? I _________ never understand this.‎ ‎2. ___________ you tell me what time it is, please?‎ ‎3. Henry ________ walk when he was one year old.‎ ‎4. We are going for a walk. _________ you like to join us?‎ ‎5. Tom, you ___________ leave your clothes on the floor like this.‎ ‎6. The road is wet. It __________ have rained last night.‎ ‎7. He has waited outside for half an hour. ___________ he come in?‎ ‎8. These flowers have died. You _____________ have watered them.‎ ‎9. __________ she be ten years old next month?‎ ‎10. I ___________ have hurt your feelings but it was not my intention.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. can 2. Could/Can 3. could 4. Would 5. mustn’t ‎6. must 7. Shall 8. should 9. Will 10. may 题组二 真题在线 ‎1.(2017·天津) My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ ‎ A. daren't B. shouldn't ‎ ‎ C. needn't D. mustn't ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎2. (2016·天津) It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t ‎ ‎ C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。‎ ‎3.(2016·浙江)George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .‎ ‎ A. must have gone B. might have gone ‎ ‎ C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone ‎【答案】C ‎【答案】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。‎ ‎4.（2015 • 重庆）You _________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ ‎ A. must B. can ‎ ‎ C. will D. shall ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。‎ ‎5. (2017·天津)—Do you have Betty's phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday.‎ ‎ A. hadn't been B. wouldn't have been ‎ ‎ C. weren't D. wouldn't be ‎【答案】B ‎6.(2016·浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.‎ ‎ A. had not fallen B. would not fall ‎ ‎ C. did not fall D. would not have fallen ‎【答案】D ‎7.(2016·北京)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.‎ ‎ A. told B. had told ‎ ‎ C. were to tell D. would tell ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。‎ ‎8. (2015·安徽)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.‎ A. had B. had had ‎ C. would have D. would have had ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据 ‎　　　＂now＂可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。‎ 题组三 名校模拟 ‎1. Lucas failed his driving test again. ________ harder, he ________the test now.‎ ‎ A. If he practiced; would pass ‎ B. Had he practiced; would pass ‎ C. Did he follow; would have passed ‎ D. Should he practice; would have passed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Lucas驾照考试又失败了，如果他更加努力地练习，现在他就通过考试了。根据语境可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，省略if，had提前使用倒装句。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用would+原形动词。故选B。 ‎ ‎2. If we________ a table in advance, we wouldn't be standing here in the long queue.‎ ‎ A. reserve B. reserved ‎ ‎ C. have reserved D. had reserved ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们事先预定了一张桌子，我们就不会站在这长长的队伍里了。根据句意可知，从句是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，所以从句中应使用过去完成时；主句与现在事实相反，使用would/ could/ might/ should do…结果。故选D。‎ ‎3. Instead of making choices for their children, liberal parents usually say, “Go where you ________ .”‎ ‎ A. will B. should ‎ ‎ C. can D.must ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：开明的父母通常会说：“去你想去的地方吧”，而不是替他们的孩子做选择。A. will愿意，意志；B. should应该；C. can能够；D. must必须。故选A。‎ ‎4. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.‎ ‎ A. should be; be operated on ‎ ‎ B. were; must be operated on ‎ C. be; was operated on ‎ ‎ D. was; be operated on ‎【答案】D ‎5. — My sister is very upset today.‎ ‎ — It’s your fault. You ________ the bad news to her yesterday.‎ ‎ A. should tell B. should have told ‎ C. shouldn’t have told D. must tell ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意为：——我妹妹今天很沮丧。——是你的错，你昨天不应该把那个坏消息告诉她。shouldn’t have done表示“不应该做而做了”。‎ ‎6. —It’s just too difficult. I’ve tried several times but still cannot work it out.‎ ‎ —You _______a wrong approach. Adopt a new way and see what would happen.‎ ‎ A. should have taken B. needn’t have taken ‎ C. must have taken D. can’t have taken ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意为：——它太难了。我尝试了很多次但还是没有算出来。——你一定是用错了方法，换一种新方法，然后看看怎么样。对过去的事情有把握的猜测用must have done。‎ ‎7. Faced with the phenomenon that actors and actresses catch public attention, many people insisted that it _____ ‎ ‎ wrong and more _______ should be given to those devoted scientists.‎ ‎ A. was; credit B.be; honour ‎ C. should be; appreciation D.is; recognition ‎【答案】A ‎8. If you ______ the Minister of Education, which subject would you rather have _______ from the College ‎ ‎ Entrance Examination?‎ ‎ A. are; included B. had been; been excluded ‎ C. were to; include D. were; removed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词辨析。句意为：假如你是教育部长，你愿意把哪一科从大学入学考试中删除？第一个空表示对将来的假设，be动词应该用were的虚拟，第二个空remove…from…表示“把……从……中去掉”。‎ ‎9. Judging from her expression, she the news that Charlie had returned from Britain.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t have known B. can’t have known ‎ C. mustn’t have known D. needn’t have known ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意为：从她的表情判断，她不可能知道Charlie已经从英国回来了。can’t have done表示“不可能做过”。‎ ‎10. —Is Mike coming to this party?‎ ‎ —He should but he not. Because he has a lot of work to do tonight.‎ ‎ A. must B. need ‎ ‎ C. may D. would ‎【答案】C