【英语】2019届人教版高考一轮复习必修5精选学案设计：Unit3Lifeinthefuture 19页

‎　Unit 3　Life in the future 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．jet n．　　　　　　　　 喷气式飞机 ‎2．tablet n. 药片 ‎3．capsule n. 太空舱；胶囊 ‎4．steward n. 乘务员；服务员 ‎5．stewardess n. 女乘务员 ‎6．opening n. (出入的)通路；开口；开端　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎7．sideways adv.　　 　　 往(向、从)一侧；侧着；侧面朝前 ‎8．mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装 ‎9．flash vt.&vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现 ‎10．pessimistic adj. 悲观(主义)的 ‎11．typist n. 打字员 ‎12．typewriter n. 打字机　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎13．postage n．　　 　　　 邮资 ‎14．postcode n. 邮政编码 ‎15．receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒 ‎16．swallow vt. 吞下；咽下 ‎17．representative n. 代表；典型人物 adj. 典型的；有代表性的 ‎18．motivation n. 动机　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎1．aspectn．　　　　 　 　 方面；层面 ‎2．impressionn. 印象；感想；印记 ‎3．constantadj. 时常发生的；连续不断的 ‎4．constantlyadv. 不断地 ‎5．previousadj. 在前的；早先的 ‎6．uncertainadj. 不确切的；无把握的 ‎7．guiden. 指导；向导；导游 vt. 指引；指导 ‎8．surroundingsn. 周围的事物；环境 ‎9．surroundingadj. 周围的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎10．toleratevt.　　　　　 容忍；忍受 ‎11．lackvi.&vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺的东西 ‎12．adjustmentn. 调整；调节 ‎13．carriagen. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车 ‎14．pressvi.&vt. 按；压；逼迫 n. 按；压；印刷；新闻 ‎15．fastenvt. 系牢；扎牢　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎16．beltn．　　　　　　 腰带；皮带 ‎17．switchn. 开关；转换 vt. 转换 ‎18．timetablen. 时间表；时刻表 ‎19．optimisticadj. 乐观(主义)的 ‎20．mudn. 泥(浆)‎ ‎21．desertn. 沙漠；荒原 ‎22．citizenn. 公民；居民；市民　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎23．buttonn．　　　　　　 纽扣；按钮 ‎24．instantn. 瞬间；片刻 adj. 立即的；立刻的 ‎25．dustbinn. 垃圾箱 ‎26．ecologyn. 生态；生态学 ‎27．greedyadj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的 ‎28．materialn. 原料；材料 ‎29．recyclevt. 回收利用；再利用　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎30．goodsn．　　　 　　　 货物 ‎31．settlementn. 定居；解决 ‎32．take_up 拿起；接受；开始；继续 ‎33．be_back_on_one's_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原 ‎34．safety_belt 安全带 ‎35．lose_sight_of_... 看不见……‎ ‎36．sweep_up 打扫；横扫 ‎37．slide_into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……‎ ‎38．speed_up 加速　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)‎ ‎1.capsule n．　　　　太空舱；胶囊 ‎2.pessimistic adj. 悲观(主义)的 ‎3.representative n. 代表；典型人物 adj. 典型的；有代表性的 ‎4.motivation n. 动机 ‎5.receiver n．　接受者；接收器；电话听筒 ‎6.swallow vt. 吞下；咽下 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.aspectn. 方面；层面 ‎2.timetablen. 时间表；时刻表 ‎3.carriagen. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车 ‎4.beltn．　 　腰带；皮带 ‎5.mudn. 泥(浆)‎ ‎6.citizenn. 公民；居民；市民 ‎7.buttonn. 纽扣；按钮 ‎8.dustbinn. 垃圾箱 ‎9.goodsn. 货物 ‎10.ecologyn. 生态；生态学 核 心 单 词 练 通 ‎1.They were both uncertain (无把握的) about what to do and went to their uncle for help.‎ ‎2.More young people are making the switch (转换) to online job seeking.‎ ‎3.We are taking off now.Please fasten (系牢) your safety belt.‎ ‎4.The problem is more complicated than we previously (早先地) thought.‎ ‎5.If a student lacks (缺乏) the motivation to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying.‎ ‎6.The shop assistant guided (指引) me to the shelf where the gardening books were displayed.‎ ‎7.The recycled (回收利用) water is used to water plants.‎ ‎8.As a diligent student, he is greedy (渴望的) for success.‎ ‎9.A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert (沙漠)．‎ ‎10.A new series of simple English reading materials (材料) for middle school students has come out this year.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.impression n．印象；感想；印记→impressv．使留下印象→impressiveadj.给人以深刻印象的 ‎2.constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantlyadv.不断地 ‎3.surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surroundvt.环绕；包围→surroundingadj.周围的 ‎4.press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；新闻；印刷→pressuren．压力 ‎5.adjustment n．调整；调节→adjustvt.调整；调节 ‎6.tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerancen．容忍；忍受；宽容→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的 ‎7.instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantlyadv.立即；立刻conj.一……就……‎ ‎8.settlement n．定居；解决→settlev．定居；解决→settlern．定居者 ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.They have decided to make a few adjustments (adjust) to their travelling plan.‎ ‎2.As I walked through the town, I was constantly (constant) reminded of my childhood.‎ ‎3.We are in instant need of help.Please tell us instantly they arrive.(instant)‎ ‎4.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class and no one will be tolerant of that.(tolerate)‎ ‎5.The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it.(impress)‎ ‎6.The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)‎ ‎7.The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable, so I had to accept this new job.(press)‎ ‎8.An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement.(settle)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.单复数意义不同的名词集锦 ‎①good善行；好处→goods货物 ‎②brain智力→brains 智者 ‎③custom习惯；风俗→customs海关 ‎④instruction 教授→instructions用法说明 ‎⑤pain痛苦→pains 辛苦；努力 ‎⑥sand沙子→sands沙滩 ‎⑦time时间→times时代 ‎2.男女有别 ‎① ‎② ‎③ ‎④ ‎3.后缀ive形容词大观园 ‎①attractive　　　　吸引人的 ‎②impressive 印象深刻的 ‎③creative 创造性的 ‎④constructive 建设性的 ‎⑤expensive 昂贵的 ‎⑥active 积极的 ‎⑦positive 积极的 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.suffer_from　　　　　　患有(疾病等)；为……受苦 ‎2.be_greedy_for_... 对……贪婪的 ‎3.lose_sight_of_... 看不见……‎ ‎4.as_a_result 结果；因此 ‎5.(a)_lack_of 缺乏……‎ ‎6.be_back_on_one's_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原 ‎　　Mr.Wang is an experienced worker and works hard. ①As_a_result,_he is popular among all of us. For ②lack_of regular exercise，he fell ill last month, ③suffering_from heart attack.Fortunately, he ④is_back_on_his_feet now.He hopes to take up his previous work.We are happy because he is an optimistic man.‎ 第二组 ‎1.take_up　　　　 　 　　拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用 ‎2.sweep_up 打扫；横扫 ‎3.slide_into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……‎ ‎4.in_all_directions 向四面八方 ‎5.remind_sb.of_... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……‎ ‎6.speed_up 加速 ‎　　His whole morning was ①taken_up with the meeting and his head ached when it was finally over.Just at that time, the assistant came in and ②reminded_him_of the time to pick up the customer at the airport.He ③speeded/sped_up his car on the way to get there in time.Among all the people going ④in_all_directions,_he caught sight of the customer who he was waiting for.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“v.＋from”短语荟萃 ‎①suffer from　　　遭受　　　　　　　　‎ ‎②result from　　　因……而起 ‎③adapt from 从……改编 ‎ ‎④escape from 从……逃脱 ‎⑤benefit from 从……中获益 ‎ ‎⑥die from 死于 ‎⑦date from 始于……‎ ‎⑧hear from 收到某人的来信 ‎2.表示“结果；因此”的词汇大全 ‎①as a result ‎②as a consequence ‎③consequently ‎④therefore/thus ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.‎ 开始的时候新的环境让我难以忍受。‎ be difficult to do ...常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。‎ 我不知道我丢失的钱包最后是否还能轻易的找到。(2018·11月浙江高考应用文写作) I wonder if my missing wallet can be_easy_to_find in the end.‎ ‎2.However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.‎ 可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。‎ what意为“所……”；引导名词性从句。‎ 不是故事本身，而是故事所反映出来的问题最重要。‎ It is not the story itself but whatisreflectedinthestory that counts.‎ ‎3.Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.‎ 我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。‎ 形容词(短语)作状语。‎ 又累又渴，他走进一家茶馆，一个机器人侍者迅速过来招待他。‎ Tired_and_thirsty,_he went into a teahouse and a robot waiter quickly came up to serve him.　‎ ‎4.Inside was an exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31st century.‎ 太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。‎ 地点状语放于句首，句子使用全部倒装句式。‎ 在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。‎ In_front_of_our_house_stands_a_tall_tree with a history of 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　For lack of selfconfidence，Tom lost interest in English；as a result, he reached a point where❶ he should make adjustments, or he had to give up.Fortunately, the instant❷ Mr.Smith, a new teacher, took over his class, he gave Tom a lot of encouragement and made him take up learning actively and confidently. At the same time, Smith's lively and vivid teaching sped up his progress.‎ ‎1.①处where在句中引导定语从句，修饰抽象地点名词point。‎ ‎2.②处the instant在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。‎ ‎3.短文中interest，progress等常用作不可数名词，而adjustment等常用作可数名词。(可数/不可数)‎ ‎1．lack v．没有；缺乏n.缺乏；短缺的东西 ‎(1)lack＋n.　 　 　　　　 缺乏……‎ lack for＋n. (多用于否定句中)需求；需要 ‎(2)for/through lack of＋n. 因缺乏……‎ a lack of＋n. 缺乏……‎ no lack of 不缺乏 ‎(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①For lack of proper forest management，the California fires are expanding very quickly.‎ ‎②It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.‎ ‎③As I look back on that day now, it surely lacks (lack) any sense of reality.‎ ‎④Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.‎ 一句多译 她不如此受欢迎的原因是缺乏幽默。‎ ‎⑤A_lack_of humor accounts for her unpopularity.‎ ‎⑥The reason why she is not so popular is that she lacks humor.‎ ‎⑦Lacking_in humor, she is not popular.‎ ‎[名师指津]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可作不及物动词用；形容词lacking常与in连用。‎ ‎2．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)in an instant＝instantly　　 　 　　 立刻；马上 for an instant 一瞬间 一……就……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He paused for an instant before continuing.‎ ‎②In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.‎ 一句多译 让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。‎ ‎③Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the_instant she read the letter.‎ ‎④Much to my surprise, she burst into tears instantly she read the letter.‎ ‎3．take up拿起；接受；开始；承担；继续；占用(时间、物品等)；占据(空间)‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中take up的含义 ‎①We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占据(空间)‎ ‎②She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续 ‎③I always take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.拿起 ‎④Peter will take up his post as head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始；承担 ‎⑤Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎❻take in　　　　 收留；吸收；欺骗；领会；理解 ‎❼take off 脱掉；起飞；成功 ‎❽take on 雇用；呈现；承担 ‎❾take over 接任；接替；采用 ‎[应用领悟]‎ He didn't take in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.‎ 他没有领会他阅读的东西，因为他的思想在其他事情上。‎ ‎4．speed up加速 ‎(1)reduce speed/slow down　　　 减速 pick up speed 逐渐加速 ‎(2)at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of ... 以……速度 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎②Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300,000 km per second.‎ 单句写作 ‎③显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们加速达到我们的目标。‎ Obviously, a good learning habit can_help_us_to_speed_up_to_reach our destinations.‎ ‎[名师指津]　speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped。‎ ‎[联想发散]　常见的“动词＋up”短语：‎ ‎①hold up　　举起；耽搁　　②keep up　　保持；维持 ‎③set up 建造；创立 ④bring up 教育；培养 ‎⑤build up 逐步建立 ⑥turn up 出现；露面 ‎⑦clear up 整理；收拾；(天空)放晴 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Last Sunday our class organized a trip to the Daming Lake Park.It was so crowded in the park that we soon lost sight of our monitor❶.It took us quite a while to find him.He said he was helping the dustmen clean the park.Some people threw away rubbish here and there, which was not tolerated❷. We also joined the action to clean the park. Two hours later❸， we went back to school, tired but happy.‎ ‎1.把句式①变为倒装句：So_crowded_was_it in the park that we soon lost sight of our monitor.‎ ‎2.写出②的同义词语：stand,_bear,_put_up_with等。‎ ‎3.写出③的同义句：After_two_hours。‎ ‎5．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受 ‎(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth.　　 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 ‎(2)tolerance n. 宽容；容忍；忍受 tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I can't tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works.‎ ‎②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.‎ 单句写作 ‎③在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件非常艰苦，难以忍受。‎ In some experts' opinion, living conditions on the Mars are_very_hard_to_tolerate.‎ ‎6．lose sight of看不见；忽略；忘记 ‎(1)catch sight of　　　　　　 望见；看到 lose one's sight 失明 come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘 ‎(2)at first sight 乍一看 at the sight of 看到 out of sight 看不到 in/within sight 在视野内 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The first thing is to let visitors fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unique image.‎ 补全句子 ‎②Only a shortsighted man will lose_sight_of the importance of education.‎ 只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。‎ ‎③The wind parted the smoke just enough for him to catch_sight_of the village.‎ 风吹散了烟使得他正好能够看见这个村庄。‎ ‎④At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight.‎ 在火车站，母亲向女儿挥手告别直到火车从她的视野中消失。‎ ‎7．形容词(短语)作状语 Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.‎ 我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。‎ 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。‎ ‎①Too_nervous,_I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.However, I didn't worry but tried to calm myself down.‎ 由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。‎ ‎②To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired_but_healthy.‎ 让我们感到宽慰的是，那个丢失的小孩子十天后返回了家里，疲惫不堪却很健康。‎ ‎[名师指津]　形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。试比较：‎ ‎③Helpless, we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.‎ 我们看着那栋房子在我们眼前被毁，很是无助。(helpless说明主语we的状态)‎ ‎④The old building was burned down as crowds watched helplessly.‎ 在人群无助地观望中那座旧建筑物烧毁了。(helplessly修饰从句谓语动词watched)‎ ‎ [单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The foreign teacher's fluent English and profound knowledge made a deep impression on his students.‎ ‎2．The accident caused 3 deaths and 20 injures, which happened previous to his arrival there.‎ ‎3．How did the accident come about since he drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour?‎ ‎4．I have taken up teaching since I graduated from university.‎ ‎5．He is addicted to computer games, and that is why he has to drop out of school.‎ ‎6．For miles, there was nothing but fires, without a single plant or tree in sight.‎ ‎7．Those air conditioners are our bestselling products because they are easy to_handle (handle) and work with little noise.‎ ‎8．I can't tolerate you speaking (speak) to your mother in such a rude manner.‎ ‎9．I recognized him instantly (instant) I saw him.‎ ‎10．He switched off the light as there was no one in the room.‎ ‎11．Lacking (lack) such experience will constantly trouble you in your business.‎ ‎12．Guided (guide) by the sun, they walked towards their destination through the woods.‎ ‎13．If you constantly (constant) regret things you did or didn't do in the past, then you won't be able to move forward.‎ ‎14．The thief slid into the room and stole some jewels.‎ ‎15．Jennifer is having a hard time getting accustomed to new surroundings (surround) in Australia.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 ‎1．我知道您肯定特别忙，我当然不想占用您太多的时间。(take up)‎ I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to_take_up_too_much_of_your_time.‎ ‎2．得知我所处的境况后，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢地、充满自信地走出困境。(what从句)‎ After learning what_situation_I_was_in,_my teacher, Michael encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.‎ ‎3．由于害怕上学迟到，汤姆快速地向学校跑去。(形容词短语作状语)‎ Afraid_of_being_late_for_school,_Tom ran to school very quickly.‎ ‎4．请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。(the instant/instantly)‎ Please send me an email the_instant/instantly_you_reach_Yunnan.‎ ‎5．我到了应该自己做出人生抉择的时刻。(where定语从句)‎ I have reached a point in my life where_I_am_supposed_to_make_decisions of my own.‎ ‎6．他工作不错，但似乎缺乏信心。(lack)‎ He is good at his job but_he_seems_to_lack_confidence.‎ ‎7．那辆车在拐弯的地方减速了，于是我加速赶上了它。(speed up)‎ The car slowed down/reduced speed at the turning, so I speeded_up_to_catch_up_with_it.‎ ‎8．我站在你的身后，然后调整一下你的位置，我保证你的身体会是完全站直的。(adjustment)‎ I come up beside you and make_an_adjustment_to_your_position. I make sure you are fully stretched.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换/一句多译 ‎1．I can't put up with what you said to your mother.‎ ‎→I can't tolerate/stand/bear what you said to your mother.‎ ‎2．Because I was amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good.‎ ‎→Amazed_at_how_skillful_they_were,_I determined to be just as good.(形容词作状语)‎ ‎3．He has to stay at home.This is because he has a bad cold.‎ ‎→He has a bad cold.This_is_why_he_has_to_stay_at_home.(this is why ...)‎ ‎4．父亲使我铭记努力工作的重要性。‎ ‎①Father impressed_the_importance_of_working_hard_on me.(impress ...on ...)‎ ‎②Father impressed_me_with_the_importance_of working hard.(impress ...with ...)‎ ‎[高考拆组训练]‎ 阅读理解组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A What will man be like in the future — in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time. ‎ Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men ‎ are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively a short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular, the forehead will grow larger. ‎ Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger.‎ On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.‎ But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald (光秃的)．‎ Perhaps all these give the impression that in the future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being，with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.‎ 语篇解读：本文对未来人会变成什么样子进行了分析和想象。‎ ‎1．The passage mainly tells us that ________.‎ A．man's life will be different in the future B．future man will look quite different from us C．man is growing taller and uglier as time passes D．man's organs' functions will be on the wane (衰退)‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。由第一段可知本文主要介绍未来人类的外貌可能会出现的变化。C项只是其中的一个方面。‎ ‎2．The change in man's size of forehead is probably because ________.‎ A．he/she makes use only 20% of the brain's capacity B．his/her brain has grown larger over the past centuries C．the other 80% of his/her brain will grow in due time D．he/she will use his brain more and more as time goes on 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段最后两句说人类将更多地使用大脑，最终大脑变大，前额变大可知答案。‎ ‎3．It is implied that ________.‎ A．human beings will become less attractive in the future B．less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration C．human beings hope for a change in the future life D．future life is always predictable 解析：选B　推理判断题。从人类身体变化可以看出，经常使用的，如大脑、手指将变得发达，而不常用的如头发、四肢会退化。‎ B What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is takingplace in biotechnology. With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.‎ ‎ In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on — in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the ‎ place of old ones.‎ ‎ It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了人类的生命由于生物技术的发展可以无限期延长的愿望有可能成为现实。‎ ‎4．According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by ________.‎ ‎ A．diseases and aging　　　B．accidents and war ‎ C．accidents and aging D．heart disease and war 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today's leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.”可知选A。‎ ‎5．In the author's opinion, today's most important advance in technology lies in ________. ‎ A．medicine B．the Internet C．brain cells D．human organs 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知选B。‎ ‎6．Humans may live longer in the future because ________.‎ A．heart disease will be far away from us B．human brains can decide the final death C．the basic materials of cells will last forever D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段“people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs”可知选D。‎ ‎7．We can infer from the passage that ________.‎ A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now C．many things have to be done before humans can have a longer life D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知选C。‎ C I have lived in America's countryside for nine years, first in Michigan, where I was getting my university degree; then in central Illinois; and now in Indiana, where I am a university teacher. There were a few things I enjoyed complaining (抱怨) about in my living area. I'm a vegetarian (素食者), so there's nowhere to go out for a nice dinner without taking a 50mile drive. I'm black, so there's nowhere to get my hair done without another ‎ 50mile drive.‎ I repeated these complaints to my parents and my friends. Sometimes it seemed like complaints were the common language in my circle. We all were dissatisfied with something. Back in Illinois, my friends complained about the train to Chicago and how it's never on time; my friends in bigger cities complained about the expensive rent and strange smells on the subway.‎ Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action. We all have great ideas about what life would be like if only we had this, or did that, or lived there. Perhaps complaining helps bridge the large space between these perfect selves and reality.‎ There's also this: I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about. Complaining was helpful on those days when happiness required too much energy. But it also made me lose sight of something. I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive bigcity living can be.‎ Complaining may offer relief, but so does acceptance. There is no perfect place. There is no perfect life. There will always be something to complain about. By focusing on (关注) my complaints, I risked missing out on important moments of happiness. Now, I look up into the night sky and see all the stars. And I know that I have nothing to complain about.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者曾是一个爱抱怨的人，然而她最终意识到抱怨不会带来任何改变还会使她错过许多美好的时刻。‎ ‎8．After complaining, the author probably________.‎ A．had a deeper understanding of reality B．tried to make herself more perfect C．got sadder about her situation D．remained unchanged 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action.”和第四段中的“I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about”可推测，作者抱怨过后基本不作出任何改变。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The fact that the author liked the countryside.‎ B．The difference between small and big cities.‎ C．The difficulty in finding happiness.‎ D．The purpose of the author's life.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。画线词something指的是后面的两句“I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive bigcity living can be.”‎ 由此可知，作者想表达她所忽略的事情是：她生养于有着大片平原的内布拉斯加，并且一点儿都不羡慕大城市的生活，即：她曾经非常喜爱乡村生活的事实。‎ ‎10．The author writes the text mainly to ________.‎ A．make her complaints B．tell us to stop complaining C．compare different lifestyles D．tell us life is the same anywhere 解析：选B　写作目的题。根据最后一段特别是最后一句“And I know that I have nothing to complain about.”可知，作者写作此文旨在告诉我们应该停止抱怨生活，并且希望我们可以更多地关注生活中的美好。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019·嘉兴调研)Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn't mean you're thinking harder or longer. __1__ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.‎ Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It's how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. __2__ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.‎ Don't take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of doublechecking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from doublechecking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don't. __3__‎ Put yourself in other people's shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. __4__ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight is into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.‎ ‎ __5__ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自我价值感) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.‎ A．Actually, it's about thinking better.‎ B．Surround yourself with people smarter than you.‎ C．Be someone that people know that they can count on.‎ D．You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.‎ E．But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?‎ F．The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.‎ G．So what is published in a magazine or online doesn't mean it's necessarily true.‎ ‎1．选A　由上文“It doesn't mean you're thinking harder or longer.”可推知，空处应进一步解释批判性思维的真正含义，所以选A项。‎ ‎2．选E　根据下文中的“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.”可推知，我们所做的一些假定有可能是错误的，因此需要全部重建，所以选E项。‎ ‎3．选G　由上文中的“But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don't.”可推知，将信息归类使我们不能够追根究底，因此出版在杂志上或网上的信息并不一定是真的，所以选G项。‎ ‎4．选D　根据上文中的“Put yourself in other people's shoes.”，以及此处与下文中的“The deeper your insight is into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.”呼应可推知，只有充分了解他人的情况，作出的决定才会更明智，所以选D项。‎ ‎5．选B　根据空处所在位置可知，此处为主题句，再结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲了和比自己聪明的人在一起可以提高批判性技能，所以选B项。‎