2019届一轮复习外研版必修一Module5ALessoninaLab学案(1) 7页

必修一Module 5 A lesson in a Lab学案 课标要求概览：‎ 重点单词：‎ liquid n. 液体/ expand vi. 膨胀/ contract vi.收缩/ substance n. 物质 ‎ mixture n.混合物/ oxygen n. 氧气/ electricity n. 电/ ‎ stage n. 阶段；时期/ conclusion n. 结论/ aim n. 目标 reaction n.反应/ ‎ electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的/ equipment n. 设备；装备 react vi.（化学）反应 potassium n.钾 sodium n.钠 calcium n.钙 ‎ magnesium n.镁 aluminium n. 铝zinc n.锌 partial adj.部分的 ‎ copper n.铜 oxide n.氧化物 rust vi. 生锈boil vt.沸腾 ordinary adj. 普通的 steam n. 蒸汽 float vi.漂浮 form vi. 形成 dissolve vi. 溶解；分解 balance n. 天平 crucible n.坩埚 tongs n.（复）夹子 flame n. 火焰 facility n.（常作复数）设备，工具 lecture n.演讲 department n. （大学的）科、系 ‎ 词汇拓展： ‎ ‎1. part→partial(adj.)→partly(adv.)部分地 2. astonished adj.吃惊的→astonishment ‎ ‎3. equipment→equip (vt.)装备 4.mixture→mixed(adj.)混合的 ‎ ‎7. practice→practical(adj.)实用的 5. lecture→lecturer(n.)演讲者 ‎ ‎6. electrical→electricity(n.)电→electrify(v.)电击 ‎ 重点短语： ‎ ‎1. react with与……反应 2. put…in order把……归类 ‎ ‎3. do/make an experiment做实验 4. at the bottom of在……的底部 ‎ ‎5. add to往……加入 6. in turn轮流 ‎ ‎7. follow one’s instructions听众某人的指导 8. used to过去常常 ‎ ‎9. be proud of因…而自豪 10. be supposed to理应，应该 要点归纳：‎ ‎1. “When you heat a metal, it expands. When you cool a metal, it contracts.” ‎ ‎◢expand v.“扩大，使……变大，扩张，阐述，（指人）变得热情或愿意交谈” ‎ eg. Metals expand when they are heated. ‎ ‎ Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. ‎ ‎ The petals of the flowers expanded in the sunshine.花瓣在阳光下张开了。‎ ‎ The guests expanded a little when they’d had a glass or two of wine.‎ ‎ 客人们喝了一两杯洒以后就有说有笑了。 ‎ You mentioned the need for extra funding. Would you expand on that? ‎ ‎ 你提到需要一笔额外资金，详细谈谈好吗？‎ ‎◢contract v.“缩小，缩短，紧缩，收缩” ‎ eg. “I will” can be contracts to “I’ll”. ‎ ‎ The tunnel contracts to a narrow passageway as you go deeper. ‎ ‎→ n. “合同，合约”‎ ‎ eg. We have a contract with the government for the supply of vehicles. ‎ ‎2. “Steel is a mixture of iron and other substances.” ‎ ‎◢mixture n.“混合，混合物”→（v.）mix，“混合，相处，交往” ‎ eg. The chemist mixed some medicine for me. ‎ ‎ Oil won’t mix with water. ‎ ‎ Don’t try to mix business with pleasure.不要把娱乐和正事混在一起。 ‎ ‎ I often mix with all sorts of people in my job. ‎ 有关mix的短语：‎ ‎ be mixed up in sth. 与……有牵连 be/get mixed up with sb. 与某人来往 ‎ mix sb. up about/over sth. 把某人弄糊涂 ‎ mix sb./sth. up with sb./sth. 混淆；分辨不出（两人或两事物） ‎ ‎3. conclusion n.结论，决定，协定，协议 ‎ 有关短语： reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion最后，作为结束 ‎ eg. In conclusion, I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying here. ‎ v.→conclude断定，推断出，结束 ‎ ‎4. aim v.“把……对准，瞄准”，后跟介词at或 for或接不定式表示“旨在，致力于，目的在于” ‎ eg. What I said were not aimed at you. ‎ ‎5. “When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances ” ‎ ‎◢react vi.‎ ‎ 1)作出反应，(与to连用) eg. How did he react to your suggestion?‎ ‎ 2) 反对，反抗(与against连用) eg. Will the people ever react against the dictator? ‎ ‎ 3)（指物质）起化学反应(与with连用) eg. Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. ‎ ‎6. ordinary adj. 平常的，通常的，普通的 ‎ Cf. ordinary/ common/ usual/ normal ‎ ‎1) ordinary普遍的，平常的，平凡的。强调等级和类属方面普通。指人时，该词指既不显赫也不低 ‎ 贱；指物时指品质或质地水平一般。有“平庸无奇”之意。‎ ‎ eg. His abilities were hardly above the ordinary. ‎ ‎2) common普通的；常见的。强调经常发生，司空见惯，不显赫或不特别，可修饰人或物。也可指 ‎ ‎ 共同的，共存的。 eg. The two have nothing in common. ‎ ‎3) usual 通常的，惯常的，惯例的。强调依照惯例来判断，有“遵循常规”之意。‎ ‎ eg. He made the usual mistakes which all beginners make. ‎ ‎4) normal 正常的，合乎标准的，强调在正常情况下应有的 ‎ eg. This heavy traffic is normal for this time of day. ‎ ‎7. “Boil the water for three minutes.”‎ ‎◢boi. v.“煮沸，使沸腾，达到沸点，煮” ‎ 有关boil的短语： ‎ boil away蒸发，煮干 boil down to归结起来是……，总而言之 ‎ boil over（液体）沸溢 boil up（麻烦）到了一触即发的地步 boiling point沸点 ‎ ‎8. form v.形成，使具有……形状，成立，创立 n.形状，形态；种类，格式，表格 ‎ 有关form的短语： ‎ form a good habit养成良好的习惯 form a company创办公司 take the form of采取……的形式 ‎ in the form of以……的形式 fill out/in a form填表 in good form 状态良好in great from 心情很好 ‎ ‎9. “The closer you are, the more you’ll see.”‎ ‎◢the+形容词/副词的比较级……, the+形容词/副词的比较级，表示“越……，越……” ‎ eg. The sooner we get this finished, the better. ‎ ‎ The more he drank , the less he moved. ‎ ‎ The longer he stays here, the better. ‎ ‎ The sooner, the better. ‎ ‎10.“ I never used to enjoy science ” used to do “过去常常做某事”，与现在进行对比，强调现在已经不这样了。注意其否定式为：used not to do/ didn’t use to do/ never used to do ‎ Cf. used to do(≈would不与现在进行对比，只是说明过去经常存在的状态或动作)过去常常做某事 ‎ ‎ be used to (doing) sth.习惯于（做）某事。 eg. You’ll soon be used to your new job. ‎ ‎ be used to do sth.被用来做某事 eg. Straw can be used to make paper. ‎ ‎11. “…, as both are supposed to have good physics Department.”‎ ‎◢suppose 1)vi.“认为，想” ‎ eg. You don’t mind my smoking, I suppose. ‎ ‎ What makes you suppose him to be connected with them? ‎ ‎ He was supposed to be an expert in this field. ‎ ‎2)vt.“假定，假设，……怎么样？”，可用于祈使句，若接从句，从句多用虚拟语气形式 should do，‎ ‎ should可以省略。 eg. Suppose the machine should break down again. ‎ ‎3) 用于be supposed to do，表示“应当，应该” ‎ eg. She is not supposed to be doing such heavy work. She isn’t quite recovered. ‎ 单元语法专区： 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 关于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法应注意以下几点：‎ ‎1.表示倍数的三个句型：‎ ‎1) …(n) times as+原级+ as… 2) …(n) times the+性质名词+ of… 3) …(n-1) times +比较级+ than… eg. The table is 3 times as big as that one. ‎ ‎ =This table is 3 times the size of that one. ‎ ‎ =This table is twice bigger than that one. ‎ 另请注意下面这两种说法：‎ ‎ The output of cars in 2004 is 6 times that of 2000. ‎ ‎ =The output of cars in 2004 is 6 times what it was in 2000. ‎ ‎2. 同级比较，用as…as; the same…as, such…as ‎ eg. Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is). ‎ ‎= Henry is such a good worker as Peter (is). ‎ ‎= Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. ‎ ‎3. the +比较级……, the +比较级…… eg. The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you. ‎ ‎4. 比较级+ and +比较级，表示“越来越……” eg. The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. ‎ ‎5. the +比较级+ of the two +名词 eg. The taller of the two boys is my brother. ‎ ‎6.用介词by表示相差的程度 eg. I missed the last train by one minute. ‎ ‎7.一个人的两种性质的比较，用more…than… eg. I find him more shy than unfriendly. ‎ ‎8.否定形式+比较级=最高级 ‎ ‎ eg. There is no greater love than that of a man who lays downs his life for his friends. ‎ ‎ He has never spent a more worrying day. ‎ ‎9. 比较的对象不能相互包容 ‎ any other +单数名词 ‎ 比较级+ than+ all(the) other+复数名词 ‎ ‎ anyone else ‎ ‎ any of the other + 复数名词 eg. The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. ‎ ‎ China is larger than any other country in Asia. any country in Africa. ‎ ‎10. 常见的修饰比较级的修饰语：‎ rather, much, still, even, far, any(用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times.等。‎ ‎ eg. The students study even harder than before. ‎ ‎ 序数词，by far, nearly, be no means, not really, not quite, nothing like（没有什么有比得上） ‎ ‎ eg. I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera. ‎ ‎11. 比较的对象应该相同。‎ eg. The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. ‎ ‎ The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world. ‎ ‎12. 比较状语从句中代动词的使用：‎ Bob looks younger than I ___. A. am B. do C. look D. did. ‎ 两个比较对象应该在同一层面上比较，前者是“看上去年龄小”，后者也应该是“看上去……”，但从句中除助动词、情态动词和系动词be 外，其他动词不能重复使用，需要动词do的适当形式代替。不同的人或物相比，时态应相同。故应选B。但注意：‎ eg. Bob looks younger than he is. （看上去比实际年龄小。）‎ ‎ Bob looked younger than I did. （时态要一致）Bob看上去比我年青。‎ ‎ I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。‎ ‎ I know you better than him. 我了解你比了解他更清楚。‎ ‎13.注意 no+比较级+ than的特殊含义：‎ ‎ eg. A is no more careful than B. A和B两人都不仔细。 ‎ ‎ A is no less careful than B. A 和B两人都很仔细。‎ ‎ A is not more careful than B. A 不如B仔细。‎ ‎ A is not less careful than B. A的仔细程度并不弱于B。‎ ‎14. 注意比较结构中的省略现象 ‎ 在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。 ‎ ‎ --- What do you think of the film? ‎ ‎ --- I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film). ‎ Tom’s composition, if not better (后边省略了than Jack’s), is at least as good as Jack’s. ‎ 这种省略现象给正确判断造成一定的障碍，高考题中出现率较高，应引起足够重视。‎ ‎15.常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词。 ‎ ‎1)表示比较、特殊意义的： comparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly), special(ly) ‎ ‎2)表示绝对意义的：absolute(ly), unexpected(ly), entire(ly), excellent(ly), perfect(ly), total(ly), ‎ ‎ thorough(ly), whole(wholly), complete(ly)‎ ‎3)表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的：extreme(ly), main, major,, minor, chief(ly), senior, junior. ‎ ‎4)表示性质特征的：economic, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden, woolen.‎ ‎5)表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的形容词：‎ ‎ only, single, matchless, round, square, level, very, own, simply, favorite, hardly, scarcely ‎ Exercises:‎ ‎1. 她签约用现金买房子。___________________________________________‎ ‎2.—Do you think he will agree to the plan?‎ ‎ --I ______ from your remarks that he is not in favour of it.‎ ‎ A. conclude B. declare C. announce D. confirm ‎3. As we all know, the eye reacts ______ light.‎ ‎ A. with B. on C. to D. upon ‎ ‎4. A new _______ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.‎ ‎ A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common ‎5. Letterboxes are much more ______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.‎ ‎ A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual ‎6. –May I use your pen? Mine is out of ink?‎ ‎ --_______.‎ ‎ A. Here you are B. Here are you C. You are here D. Here is it ‎ ‎7. Here _______ your uncle.‎ ‎ A. is coming B. does come C. came D. comes ‎8. He was supposed _______ a college graduate but he knew nothing of history.‎ ‎ A. to be B. being C. to have been D. having been 高考回眸：‎ ‎1. Lucy has ______ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.‎ ‎ A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved ‎2. Of the two coats, I’d choose the _______ one to spare some money for a book.‎ ‎ A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive ‎ ‎3. Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if _______, Miss Liu.‎ ‎ A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. no better ‎4. I wish you’d do _______ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.‎ ‎ A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more I. 单词拼写：‎ ‎1. He watched the result of the experiment and then drew a c_________.‎ ‎2. Things e________ when they are heated.‎ ‎3. We can’t live without ________(电)in modern life.‎ ‎4. Air is a __________(混合物)of gases.‎ ‎5. His performance is only a _______(部分的)success.‎ II. 单项选择：‎ ‎1. –The cake is delicious.‎ ‎ --Well, at least it’s ______ the one I baked last week.‎ ‎ A. as worse as B. no worse than C. no better than D. no better as ‎ ‎2. These plants are quite ______. You can see them everywhere in the countryside.‎ ‎ A. ordinary B. common C. special D. usual ‎3. Some of the heat near the earth’s surface can ______ electricity.‎ ‎ A. use to make B. be used to making C. use to making D. be used to make ‎ ‎4. –Have you read this book?‎ ‎ --Yes. But that one is _______ worth reading. I suggest you read it if you have time.‎ ‎ A. best B. well C. better D. more ‎5.—Who is _____ to look after this small lab?‎ ‎ --Tom, we do it in turn.‎ ‎ A. guessed B. supposed C. wanted D. thought ‎6. __ _____, I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying in your beautiful country.‎ ‎ A. To conclude B. to include C.In the conclusion D. As conclusion ‎7. –Can he lend me some money?‎ ‎ --I regret to tell you he is _______ you.‎ ‎ A. not rich as B. no moe richer than C. no richer than D. not richer as ‎ ‎8. This kind of chemical _______ can’t react in water.‎ ‎ A. matter B. object C. substance D. unless ‎9. ______ you were on a lonely island, could you survive?‎ ‎ A. Suppose when B. Suppose C. As long as D. Unless ‎10. –How about playing a game of bridge?‎ ‎ --I can’t think of ______ idea.‎ ‎ A. a good B. a better C. the better D. the best ‎ III. 翻译句子：‎ ‎1. 你读书越多，了解的的信息就越多。(the more…, the more…)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 假如你是我，你会对这样的事有什么反应？(react)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 这家工厂配备有先进的机器。（equip）‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. 这是我过去常去游泳的小河。(used to)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5. 我要努力学习，这样会让我父母以我为骄傲。（be proud of）‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考答案 ‎1. contracted to ACCAADA 高考回眸：‎ ＤＢＡＡ 单词拼写：‎ ‎1. conclusion 2. expand 3. electricity 4. mixture 5. partial 单项选择： ‎ BBDCB ACCBB 翻译句子：‎ ‎1. The more books you read, the more information you get.‎ ‎2. How would you react to such things if you were me?‎ ‎3. The factory was equipped with advanced machines.‎ ‎4. This is the river where I used to go swimming.‎ ‎5. I will study hard so that my parents will be proud of me.‎