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2020届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit1Laughter is good for you 单元学案设计
单元阅读练习
Studies show that laughter is something that makes you feel calm or relaxed for both physical and psychological wounds though it may seem futile to laugh in the face of pain and fear.
When Dan Rather interviewed comedian Bill Cosby just one week after his son，Ennis，was killed，Cosby said，“I think it is time for me to tell people that we have to laugh. You can turn painful situations around through laughter. If you can find humor in anything，you can survive it.”
Call it a flashlight for dark times：laughter just seems to adjust the attitude better than anything else. Inspirational speaker Steve Rizzo recalls a TV interview with an injured firefighter a few days after 9•11.The man had fallen more than 30 stories in one of the towers and had broken a leg. Everyone was crying，and the reporter asked，“How is it that you’ve come out of this alive？” He looked at her and without missing a beat，said，“Look，lady，I’m from New York and I’m a firefighter；that’s all you need to know.”
“Everyone laughed though the laughter was only a couple of seconds，” says Rizzo.“Sometimes that’s all you need to catch your second breath. Laughter gives you that couple of seconds. You’re sending a message to your brain，and the message is：If you can still laugh even a little among the pain，you are going to be OK.”
Of course，there is a difference between laughing off a serious situation and laughing off the fear that results.The firefighter was doing the latter，states Rizzo，the author of Becoming a Humor Being，and so should we.“If there is anything we have learnt from 9•11，it’s how precious life really is，” Rizzo says.“We have to send a message that our spirit won’t die. One important thing that unites us is our ability to laugh.”
阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The writer uses the examples of the comedian and the firefighter to show laughter is a good way to get rid of pain and fear.(T)
2．We can infer from the passage that Steve Rizzo is a soldier.(F)
3．The underlined word “futile” in the first paragraph means “useless”．(T)
4．From the passage，we can know that Americans are really inspired after 9•11.(F)
Period One Welcome to the unit & Reading—Pre-reading
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．weekly A．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式
2．stage B．取笑；揶揄；戏弄
3．tease C．每周的
4．previous D．先前的，以往的
5．variety E．舞台；阶段，时期
答案 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.D 5.A
[第二组]
6．comedy A．单口喜剧
7．stand-up B．风格；方式；样式
8．style C．表现
9．behave D．喜剧
10．visual E．视觉的
答案 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.E
[第三组]
11．hammer A．喜爱，钟爱
12．trip B．表演，演出；表现，业绩
13．performance C．技术的；技能的
14．affection D．绊，(使)绊倒
15．technical E．敲，捶打
答案 11.E 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C
[第四组]
16．perform A．逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐
17．little-known B．大叫，嚎叫
18．howl C．哀悼，忧伤
19．amuse D．鲜为人知的
20．mourn E．演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转
答案 16.E 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C
Step 1 Fastreading
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．What is stand-up and why people love it.
B．People are always enjoying laughing.
C．The comedian tells us a humorous story.
D．The importance of laughter.
答案 A
2．What’s the author’s main purpose by writing this passage?
A．To introduce stand-up comedy to us.
B．To make us know about famous comedians like Bob Hope and George Burns.
C．To tell people that laughter is the best medicine.
D．To help us learn how to perform stand-up comedy.
答案 C
Step 2 Carefulreading
1．How many types of stand-up are mentioned in the text?
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
答案 C
2．What does a stand-up comedian usually do while performing?
A．The comedian is right there in front of the audience and may talk directly to audience members.
B．A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member.
C．The comedian might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions of the audience.
D．All of the above.
答案 D
3．Which of the statements is TRUE about Billy Crystal?
A．He is a host，an actor and a lecturer.
B．He is expected to live longer than Bob Hope.
C．He is a continuous source of amusement to people.
D．He always brings a toothbrush on stage to beautify his teeth.
答案 C
4．After reading the fifth paragraph，readers can know that comedians are expected to .
A．perform stand-up
B．have no plans to stop work
C．enjoy a very long life
D．work till the end of their lives
答案 C
5．What’s the meaning of the sentence “Laughter is the best medicine”？
A．Laughter is the best kind of medicine.
B．Laughter is good for your health.
C．Laughter is better than medicine.
D．Laughter is a kind of medicine.
答案 B
Step 3 Postreading
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
An 1.introduction to stand-up Stand-up is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.
Types of stand-up comedy ◆Some comedians tell jokes about people’s 2.behaviour(s) or about daily life.
◆Other comedians rely on 3.visual humour.This kind of absurd humour is not very funny if you only listen and don’t 4.watch the comedian’s performance.
◆The last kind of comedian tries to 5.impress the audience by acting or speaking like a well-known person in order to make fun of that person.
A famous comedian Billy Crystal has hosted the Academy Awards nine times.One reason 6.why he becomes so famous is that he is very quick thinking and is often able to 7.think of new jokes about the people and things 8.around him.He is popular with all age groups and is capable of 9.amusing people all over the world.
Laughter is good for your health！ Those 10.laughing a lot live longer.Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can help you fight pain.
Step 4 Sentencelearning
1．A stand-up comedian may tease an audience member，or might decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes.
[句式分析]
[自主翻译] 单口喜剧演员可以拿某一位观众开玩笑，也可以根据观众对之前的玩笑的反应随机应变，讲各种不同的笑话。
2．For example，they may talk about how people act when they queue up，or they may ask why it only rains when you forget your umbrella.
[句式分析]
[自主翻译] 例如，他们可能谈论人们排队时的举动，或者可能问为什么偏偏在你忘记带雨伞时天会下雨。
3.One little-known fact is that when Crystal is the host of the Academy Awards，he always keeps a toothbrush in his pocket for good luck.
[句式分析]
One little-known fact is→句子主干
thatwhen Crystal is...the Academy Awards时间状语从句，he always keeps a toothbrush...for good luck时间状语从句对应的主句. that引导的表语从句
[自主翻译] 这里有一个鲜为人知的事实：每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼的时候，克里斯托总要在自己的口袋里放一把牙刷以求好运。
4．He says it is because when he started practising stand-up as a child，he told himself jokes while standing in front of the mirror，brushing his teeth.
[句式分析] 本句为多重主从复合句，says后接省略了引导词that的宾语从句；宾语从句中because引导表语从句，该表语从句相对复杂，其结构如下：
[自主翻译] 他说，这是因为在他小时候开始练习单口喜剧时，他站在镜子前面，边刷牙边给自己讲笑话。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mark Twain was a great writer.He was from the USA.He was born in 1835.He was also a famous speaker.He was famous for his sense of humour.Many people liked to listen to him talking because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time.
One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing.Before he was going to leave，one of his friends said to him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes in the town and told him that he’d better not go there.Mark Twain waved(摇动) his hand and said，“It doesn’t matter.The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine.I don’t think they will come to visit me.”
After he arrived at the town，Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station.He went into his room，but when he was just about to have a rest，quite a few mosquitoes flew about him.The waiters felt very sorry about that.“I’m very sorry，Mr Mark Twain.There are too many mosquitoes in our town，” one of them said to him.
Mark Twain，however，made a joke，saying to the waiter，“The mosquitoes are very clever.They know my room number.They didn’t come into the wrong room.” What he said made all the people present laugh heartily.
But that night Mark Twain slept well.Do you know why？That was because all the waiters in the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night.
语篇解读 本文介绍了马克•吐温到一个小镇住旅馆时发生的趣事。
1．That day Mark Twain went to the town .
A．to see one of his friends
B．because he was told there were a lot of mosquitoes there
C．because he wanted to do something there for his writing
D．to see one of his relatives
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing.”可知，选C。
2．The waiters felt sorry because .
A．they did something wrong to Mark Twain
B．their hotel was too small
C．the room was not very clean
D．there were quite a few mosquitoes in Mark Twain’s room
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“He went into his room，but when he was just about to have a rest，quite a few mosquitoes flew about him.The waiters felt very sorry about that.”可知，选D。
3．All the people present laughed heartily because .
A．the mosquitoes were very clever and they didn’t come into the wrong room
B．the mosquitoes knew Mark Twain’s room number
C．Mark Twain made a joke
D．Mark Twain gave the waiters some nice presents
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“Mark Twain，however，made a joke，saying to the waiter，...What he said made all the people present laugh heartily.”可知，选C。
B
(2019•广东蕉岭中学高二质检)
Wrist(手腕) watches are regarded as a tool to tell the time.At first，watches were created as women’s decorative bracelets(手镯)．At the same time，men used pocket watches.The first men’s wrist watch was available in 1904.A pilot called Alberto Santos-Dumont personally asked a watchmaker to create a wrist watch to use on flights.Soon after that，men’s wrist watches were available on the market.Since then，watches have been considered fashionable accessories(配饰) for men，and watchmakers have started to make men’s fashion watches.
At present，watches are not indispensable to tell the time for most people have cell phones which have watch functions.But a new market has been created for wrist watches，which are not only used to tell the time，but also as important fashion statement pieces.
Generally speaking，watches for formal occasions are beautifully made and more like pieces of jewelry than watches.Men’s watches for informal and semi-formal events
include simple，slim designs and large-and-thick-sized styles.Nowadays，men usually don’t follow any specific style of dress for watches，and the luxury brands of the expensive and strongly-made sports watches have made them believe that they look more stylish because of their high prices.Some of the fashion watches have a diamond and some others are completely decorated with precious stones such as diamonds.
Men’s watches also have many advanced functions.For example，the dual-time watches for travelers make them know the time in most other countries as well as the time in their home if they are abroad.
In a word，a men’s watch is one of the few accessories for men’s cupboard.Men can choose their most suitable watches to go with their personal taste.
语篇解读 以前人们戴手表只是为了报时，他们追求的是手表报时的精确性。现在的年轻人戴手表更多的是在乎手表的款式，认为手表可以展示人的个性，而不太关注它报时的准确性。
4．According to the first paragraph，the first men’s wrist watch .
A．was used by a pilot on flights
B．was not only a tool to tell the time
C．was viewed as a symbol of fashion
D．was created as a decorative bracelet
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The first men’s wrist watch was available in 1904.A pilot called Alberto Santos-Dumont personally asked a watchmaker to create a wrist watch to use on flights.”可知，第一块男士手表是飞行员在飞行中使用的，故选A。
5．What does the underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Necessary. B．Useful.
C．Dependable. D．Popular.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后“to tell the time for most people have cell phones which have watch functions”可知，由于手机也有手表的功能，所以手表并不是必需的。故选A。
6．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Men’s pocket watches came after men’s wrist watches.
B．Those touring abroad will find a dual-time watch useful.
C．Watches with advanced functions are always expensive.
D．Men’s watches for informal occasions appear like jewels.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，那些出国旅游的人发现双时表很有用。故选B。
7．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?
A．The Brief History of Men’s Watches
B．Advanced Functions of Men’s Watches
C．Men’s Watches—Fashion Statement Pieces
D．How to Choose a Stylish Men’s Watch
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“But a new market has been created for wrist watches，which are not only used to tell the time，but also as important fashion statement pieces.”可知，“男士手表——时尚宣言”最能概括文章大意。故选C。
C
(2019•山东实验中学高三诊断)
British Writer John Donne once said：“No man is an island；every book is a world.” As an enthusiastic reader，I can’t agree with the latter part of the sentence more.Every summer I endeavor to find some peaceful places where I can attack some classics without being disturbed.Thomas Hardy wants to live far from the madding crowd.I am no friend to chaos，either.
I read George Orwell’s 1984 in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors，no telephones or televisions in the rooms.1984 is a good book that needs deep reflection.Attempting Sound and Fury lying on the bed of a poorly-occupied motel，however，was less fruitful：I made it through one and a quarter volumes，but then my eyelids were so heavy that I couldn’t keep them open.
But this summer I find myself at a loss.I’m not quite interested in J．D.Salinger，say，or Frankenstein.There’s always War and Peace，which I’ve covered some distance several times，only to get bogged down in the “War” part，set it aside for a while，and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again，having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank.How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite—once more into The Call of the Wild or Alice in the Wonderland，which feels almost like cheating，too exciting and too much fun to belong to serious literature.
And then there’s John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath.This title do not amaze but confuse.We’re never short of sour grapes，but we’ve never heard of angry grapes.Anyway grapes are my favorite fruit of summer.These stone fruits can always make me feel cheerful and peaceful all at once.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，在文章里作者和读者分享了他对阅读的理解和他的阅读经历。
8．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．The author has a cottage in New England.
B．1984 is a book that needs deep reflection.
C．Both of the reading attempts were not fruitful.
D．Sound and Fury was set in a poorly-occupied hotel.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Attempting Sound and Fury lying on the bed of a poorly-occupied motel，however，was less fruitful...”可知读《喧哗与骚动》也没有什么收获。第二段里提及的两本书中，有一本很有收获，另外一本没有收获。C项表示部分否定。故选C项。
9．Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating?
A．He finishes them quickly.
B．He should read something serious.
C．He barely understands them.
D．He gets amazed by their titles.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“...which feels almost like cheating，too exciting and too much fun to belong to serious literature.”可知，阅读自己最喜欢的书籍就感觉像是作弊一样，读自己喜欢的书籍太有趣了，但是我们应该阅读一些严肃文学，让我们有更多的收获。故B项正确。
10．What can we say about the author?
A．Thomas Hardy is his friend.
B．He likes serious literature.
C．He is quite forgetful.
D．He is a literary-minded man.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“British Writer John Donne once said：“No man is an island；every book is a world.” As an enthusiastic reader，I can’t agree with the latter part of the sentence more.”可知，作者是一个非常喜欢阅读的人，文章并没有提及托马斯•哈代是他的朋友，也没有说作者喜欢严肃文学作品或者作者健忘。故D项正确。
11．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To share his reading experience.
B．To encourage readers to read books.
C．To introduce good books to readers.
D．To condemn the chaotic world we live in.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。本文是一篇记叙文，在文章里作者和读者分享了他对阅读的理解和他的阅读经历。故A项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
Sociologists(社会学家)，working in Western countries，have found that a large number of women wish they were born men. 12
“Women often wish they had the same chances as men have，and think it is still men’s world，”said Dr James Holden，one of the sociologists who did the study.
13 A man has to make money to support his family and to make important decisions，so it is right for men to be paid more.Some are even against their wives working at all. 14 In other words，if women take full-time jobs，they won’t be able to do what they are best at：making a nice home and bringing up the children.
Some women disagree.They say they want to get out of their homes，and to have freedom to choose between work and home life. 15
Anne Harper has a very good job.She also believes in “women’s liberation(妇女解放运动)”．“I don’t wish I were a man，” she says，“and I don’t think many women do.But I do wish people would stop treating us like second-class people.At work，for example，we usually do the work that men do but get paid less.There are still a lot of jobs only to men—usually they are the best ones. 16 How many women scientists are there...or engineers？”
语篇解读 很多女性想成为男性，这样就能同工同酬，做自己想做的工作。可是男性却不这么认为。
A．Most men are better at taking care of their babies.
B．Many men say that they have more duties than women.
C．Opinions about women’s position in society vary from person to person.
D．The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany.
E．If you are a man，you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life.
F．When wives go out to work，they say，the home and children cannot be taken good care of.
G．They believe women should have the right of equal pay and equal chances.
12．答案 D
解析 上一句讲到社会学家发现，很多女性希望生而为男性，D项则指出在德国这个数字高达60%，两句相呼应。
13．答案 B
解析 下一句列举了男性的责任，由此可知，设空处应和男性的责任有关。duties是关键词，故选B项。
14．答案 F
解析 上一句讲的是有些男性甚至反对妻子工作，设空处应该表明反对的原因。F项(他们说当妻子外出工作时，家庭和孩子就不能得到很好的照顾)符合语境。
15．答案 G
解析 本段首句“Some women disagree.”为本段主旨句，下文就女性希望拥有的权益展开论述。G项是从女性角度出发对女性权益的阐述，其中的They与本段首句中的Some women相呼应。
16．答案 E
解析 前文提到女性被当作二等公民看待，在工作中，女性同男性做一样的工作却得到较少的报酬。有很多工作只对男性提供，通常是最好的那些工作。E项(如果你是一个男性，你会更有可能过精彩的生活)是对上文的总结，且与下一句“有多少女科学家或者女工程师呢？”形成对比，故选E项。
Period Two Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language
points
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10题；每题1分，满分10分)
1．comedy n．喜剧
2．stage n．舞台；阶段，时期
3．style n．风格；方式；样式
4．visual adj.视觉的
5．hammer n．锤子，榔头vt.敲，捶打
6．affection n．喜爱，钟爱
7．academy n．研究院，学会；专科院校
8．little-known adj.鲜为人知的
9．howl vi.大叫，嚎叫n.嚎叫，喊叫声
10．saying n．格言，谚语，警句
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)
11．weekly n．周刊；周报adj.每周的
12．tease vt.取笑；揶揄；戏弄
13．previous adj.先前的，以往的→previously adv.先前；以前
14．variety n．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式→various adj.各种各样的→vary vt.&vi.改变，变化
15．behave vi.&vt.表现→behaviour n．举止，行为
16. trip vi.& vt.绊，(使)绊倒
17．perform vt.&vi.演出；表演；做，履行；工作，运转→performance n．表演，演出；表现，业绩→performer n．演员；表演者
18．technical adj.技术的；技能的→technician n．技术人员→technology n．技术
19．amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐→amused adj.逗乐的→amusing adj.令人发笑的→amusement n．愉悦；可笑；娱乐
20．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼，忧伤
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10题；每题3分，满分30分)
21．stand up for 支持，维护
22．trip over 绊倒
23．make fun of 拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
24．have affection for 喜爱，钟爱
25．come up with 想出；拿出
26．queue up 排队，排队等候
27．make jokes about 拿……来开玩笑
28．make up 编造，杜撰
29．follow in the footsteps of sb. 跟随……的脚步；效仿某人
30．Pass away 去世，亡故
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题8分，满分40分)
31．Stand-up is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.
单口喜剧是单个喜剧演员在舞台上直接与观众交流而表演的一种喜剧。
32．One such person is Billy Crystal.
比利•克里斯托就是这样一个人。
33．He says it is because when he started practising stand-up as a child，he told himself jokes while standing in front of the mirror，brushing his teeth.
他说，这是因为在他小时候开始练习单口喜剧时，他站在镜子前面，边刷牙边给自己讲笑话。
34．One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick thinking，and is often able to come up with new jokes about the people and things around him.
克里斯托之所以如此出名，原因之一就是他思维非常敏捷，常常能就身边的人或事即兴编出新的笑话。
35．Whatever the reason，research shows that in the end，the English saying, ‘Laughter is the best medicine’， may be true after all.
不管是什么原因，研究表明，那句英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。
重点词汇
Stand up for your health！
欣赏单口喜剧，促进身心健康！
stand up for支持，维护
stand for代表；象征；主张；容忍；忍受
stand by做好准备；袖手旁观
stand out突出，显眼，杰出
stand back向后退；置身事外
stand aside站到一边；不参与；退居一旁
can’t stand (sb.) doing sth.不能忍受(某人)做某事
(1)Many Latin American countries，deeply influenced by Castro’s ideas，expressed their sorrow，adding that they will stand up for Cuba and its people at this hardest time.
深受卡斯特罗的思想影响的许多拉丁美洲国家，表达了他们的悲痛，补充说道他们将会在这个最艰难的时刻支持古巴和古巴人民。
(2)You can recognize him easily because he stands out in the crowd.
因为他在人群中比较突出，所以你能非常容易地认出他。
(3) How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do？
你怎么能眼睁睁地看着他遭人诬陷而袖手旁观呢？
(4)The crowd were asked to stand aside to let the players go in.
人群被要求站到一边让运动员们进去。
(5)She can’t stand being kept waiting.
让她一直等着，她受不了。
[单项填空]
(6)The committee still keeps silent about the investigation，so no one knows what they .
A．look for B．allow for
C．account for D．stand for
答案 D
解析 句意为：委员会对此项调查仍然保持沉默，所以没有人知道他们的立场。stand for代表，主张，符合题意。
Stand-up is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.
单口喜剧是单个喜剧演员在舞台上直接与观众交流而表演的一种喜剧。
stage n．舞台(生涯)；阶段，时期 v．上演，举办，举行
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中stage的汉语意思
(1)The entire hall burst into a great cheer and applause the moment the Nobel Prize winner appeared on the stage accompanied by the chairman.舞台
(2)I’ve reached the stage where I just don’t care any more.时期，阶段
(3)Our dream is to stage a World Cup that makes you，your grandchildren and everyone in football really proud.举办，举行
on stage 登台演出
at this stage在这个时期
take/leave the stage登上/离开舞台
(4)I went on stage and did my show.
我上台进行了表演。
(5)The baby has reached the talking stage.
这个婴儿已经会说话了。
[拓展延伸] 名词stage(舞台；阶段)，situation(情况；形势；处境；位置)，position(位置；处境)，case(情况)，occasion (场合)等在定语从句中充当先行词时，如果在从句中作地点状语，则常用where引导定语从句。
[单项填空]
(6)Until today，we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all.
A．when B．where C．which D．why
答案 B
解析 分析句子可知，这里先行词是stage，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故选B项。
There are a variety of different styles of standup comedy.
单口喜剧有许多不同的类型。
variety n．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式
※a variety of＝varieties of多种多样的，许多
the variety of ……的种类
※various adj.各种各样的
※vary vt.& vi.改变；变更
vary from...to.../vary between...and...在……和……之间变化
vary in在……方面变化/不同
vary with随……变化/改变
(1)The school library provides a variety of/varieties of original works for students，hoping they will meet the needs of different students.
学校图书馆为学生提供了各种各样的原著，希望它们能满足不同学生的需要。
(2)There are various(vary) GM foods and non-GM foods for you to choose from on the supermarket shelves.超市上的货架上有各种各样的转基因和非转基因食品供你选择。
(3)House prices vary from place to place and are usually high where there are famous schools.房价各个地方不同，有名校的地方通常很高。
[温馨提示]
※a variety of＋可数名词的复数/不可数名词，variety前面可用great，large，wide等来修饰。
※a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)The variety of foods at the restaurant is(be) limited，but the amount of each dish is fairly large.
这家饭店里食物的品种是有限的，但每道菜的量是相当大的。
[写作佳句]
(5)优势之一是我们能够找到各种主题，如科学、文化和历史。
One of the advantages is that we can find a variety of/varieties of topics，such as science，culture and history.
Some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily life.
一些喜剧演员就人们的行为举止或日常生活开玩笑。
behave vt.& vi.表现；举止
※behave oneself表现得体
behave well/badly举止良好/很差
behave as if/as though表现得好像……
※behaviour n．表现；行为，举止
(1)The students behaved badly in her classes because she didn’t really understand them.
在她的课上，学生们表现不好，因为她没有真正理解他们。
[一句多译]
(2)培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。
①It’s hard to train children to behave well at table.
②It’s hard to train children to behave themselves at table.
(3)I think all of us should mind our behaviour(behave) in public places.
我认为我们每个人都应该注意我们在公共场合的行为举止。
Yet other comedians may trip over chairs，walk into doors，and fall down on stage in order to make people laugh.
还有些别的喜剧演员可能玩这些把戏逗笑观众：被椅子绊倒，撞到房门上，或者跌倒在舞台上。
trip over绊倒；被……绊了一下
get over克服；从疾病(或震惊等)中恢复常态；让(某人)明白某事
hand over交出，移交，让与
knock over撞倒，撞翻；打翻
turn over翻转，翻身
(1)We didn’t move so as not to trip over anything.
我们没有动，免得被东西绊倒。
(2)He finally handed over his responsibility for the company last year.
他终于在去年交出了公司的职务。
(3)Don’t knock over the bowl of water.
别把那碗水打翻了。
(4)If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep.你若翻个身，也许入睡容易些。
[单项填空]
(5)He someone’s foot in the darkened cinema and almost fell.
A．turned over B．tripped over
C．came over D．got over
答案 B
解析 句意为：在黑暗的电影院里，他被别人的脚绊了一下，差一点跌倒了。turn over翻转，翻身；trip over被……绊了一下，绊倒；come over顺便来访；get over克服。由句意可知选B项。
...he or she will act or speak like a well-known person in order to make fun of that person.
……他或她的动作或说话方式像某个名人，为的是拿那个人开玩笑。
make fun of取笑，嘲弄；拿……开玩笑
have fun玩得开心
for fun闹着玩；不是认真的
It is (great) fun doing sth.做某事很有乐趣。
What fun it is to do sth.！做某事多么有趣啊！
(1)They speak in a humorous way and make fun of each other whenever they meet.
他们两个只要一见面就颇多谐戏之言，互相开玩笑。
(2)It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.
好像除了我每个人都有朋友，都很开心。
(3)Don’t make fun of me and I’m learning to cook just for fun.
不要取笑我，我学做饭只是为了好玩。
(4)It’s great fun climbing(climb) mountains on rainy days.雨天爬山真有趣。
[温馨提示]
※fun是不可数名词；fun也可作形容词，意为“有趣的，好玩的”。
※表示“开……的玩笑”的短语还有：play jokes/a joke/tricks/a trick on，make jokes about。
(5)The naught boys would play tricks/a trick on the neighbors who didn’t give them any sweets on Halloween.那些淘气的男孩会捉弄那些在万圣节没有给他们糖果的邻居。
[单项填空]
(6)I feel silly in these funny clothes.Everyone in our class will me.
(2018•盐城射阳中学高二检测)
A．play a trick with B．make fun of
C．get away from D．take an interest in
答案 B
解析 句意为：我穿这套滑稽的衣服感觉傻傻的。班上的每个人都会取笑我的。make fun of取笑，符合题意。play a trick on sb.捉弄某人，不能用with；get away from摆脱，逃离；take an interest in 对……感兴趣。
Each time，he performs his standup routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on TV.
每次(主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼的时候)，他都会通过电视直播，在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。
perform vt.& vi.演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中perform的汉语意思
(1)People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge.做，表现
(2)Once performed，the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.演出
(3)He always performs his duties faithfully.履行
(4)The company has performed well in the previous years.运转
※perform one’s duty/promise/task履行职责/履行诺言/执行任务
perform/carry out an operation做手术
perform well/badly表现好/不好
※performance n．演出，表演；演技；表现；履行
give/put on a performance表演(节目)
※performer n．执行者；表演者
[语境串记]
(5)The performer promised that he would perform his duty and would perform the experiment well according to the plan.As a result，he performed his promise.
这位执行者许诺说他将尽职尽责按计划做好实验。结果，他履行了自己的诺言。
[单项填空]
(6)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their greatest potential.
A．accelerate B．improve
C．perform D．develop
答案 D
解析 句意为：学校应该是充满活力的地方，在这里人人都会被鼓励去开发他们最大的潜能。accelerate加速；improve改进；perform表现；develop开发，培养。由句意可知选D。
One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick thinking，and is often able to come up with new jokes about the people and things around him.
克里斯托之所以如此出名，原因之一就是他思维非常敏捷，常常能就身边的人或事即兴编排新的笑话。
come up with提出，想出，拿出
keep up with与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with跟上，追上，赶上(强调动作)
put up with忍耐，忍受
end up with以……结束
(1)The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.
设计师说，他在俄罗斯的街道上看到人们淋湿后，才有了这个想法。
[用keep/put/end/come的正确形式填空]
(2)Julie is one of those women who always keep up with the latest fashions.
(3)I will have to find some other work，for I can’t put up with this loud noise any more.
(4)He came up with many ways to make audience burst into laughter.
(5)After seeing so many houses，we ended up with buying the one on the lakeside.
[温馨提示]
come up with“提出”，为及物动词短语，主语常为人，宾语为表示“建议，计划，方案”等的名词；而come up 在指“问题，建议，方案”等被提出时为不及物动词短语，主语常为物，无被动语态。
(6)As soon as the project came up at the meeting，it attracted many people’s attention.
那个项目在会上一经提出，就引起了许多人的关注。
(7)Our class came up with an idea to make better use of used materials.
我们班想出一个办法来更好地利用使用过的材料。
[单项填空]
(8)Maybe you could be an inventor—maybe even good enough to an idea for the next iPhone or new medicine for cancer.
A．put up with B．keep up with
C．catch up with D．come up with
答案 D
解析 句意为：也许你会成为一名发明家，甚至可能足够优秀到能想出一个关于下一代iPhone或治疗癌症的新药的主意。put up with容忍；keep up with与……齐步前进，跟上；catch up with追上，赶上；come up with想出，提出(主意、计划等)。根据句意可知选D。
Instead of telling the joke he had planned，Crystal made up a new one.
克里斯托放弃了事先准备好的笑话，编了一个新的。
make up编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和解；铺床
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思
(1)Make up your bed before you sleep.铺床
(2)Tom watched his sister make up her face for her date.化妆
(3)Girls make up two thirds of members of the school literary club.组成，构成
(4)Why don’t you make up with her and forget all about your quarrel？和解
(5)Everyone in the village likes him because he is good at telling and making up stories.
编造，杜撰
(6)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？弥补
make out辨认出，理解
make sense讲得通，有意义
make sense of理解
make a living谋生
make progress in在……方面取得进步
make a difference有影响，起作用
[用上面的短语填空]
(7)Even though the speaker had a strong accent，Henry could catch on to his story，but Tom couldn’t make sense of it at all.
(8)Due to lack of the independent learning ability，it is impossible for him to make progress in his study.
[单项填空]
(9)Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music，but she it with hard work.
(2018•盐城射阳中学高二检测)
A．goes back on B．takes away from
C．makes up for D．catches up with
答案 C
解析 句意为：卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋，但是她用刻苦努力来弥补它。go back on违背(诺言等)，背弃；take away from减少，贬低；make up for弥补；
catch up with赶上，追上。由句中的关键信息doesn’t have a gift for music以及并列连词but可知，她是在用刻苦努力来“弥补(make up for)”没有音乐天赋这件事。
Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse people all over the world.
克里斯托深受各年龄层人们的喜欢，而且他能逗乐世界各地的人。
amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐
※amuse oneself自娱自乐
※amused adj.逗乐的；觉得好笑的
be amused at/by被……逗乐，以……为乐
be amused to do...做……取乐
keep sb.amused使某人快乐；使某人消遣
※amusing adj.有乐趣的，好笑的，逗人笑的
※amusement n．消遣活动，娱乐
to one’s amusement令某人开心/感到好笑的是
(1)He often amuses himself with music when he is tired from studying.
当学习感到疲倦时，他常常听听音乐放松一下。
(2)We were amused at/by the little rabbit’s playful and lively runs.
我们被这只小兔子嬉戏着、活蹦乱跳的跑逗乐了。
(3)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.
露西很有幽默感，总是能用她的故事逗乐她的同事们。
[联想发散]
表示“使欢乐，使娱乐”的词还有：entertain，delight，please等。
[单项填空]
(4)To my ，Jane dressed herself like a monkey to attend the wedding party.
A．credit B．delight
C．relief D．amusement
答案 D
解析 句意为：让我感到好笑的是，简把自己打扮得像只猴子去参加婚礼。credit信用，荣誉，贷款；delight高兴；relief宽慰；amusement消遣活动，娱乐，好笑。
When he passed away in 1996，millions of Americans mourned his death.
在1996年他去世时，数百万美国人都悼念他。
pass away去世，亡故；(时间)消磨掉；终止；消失，消逝
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中pass away的汉语意思
(1)Unfortunately，the comedian passed away in a traffic accident the previous day.去世
(2)Four years has passed away since they lived in the crowded room.(时间)消磨掉
(3)They are searching for the civilizations that have passed away.消失，消逝
pass by路过，经过，通过
pass down流传，世代相传
pass sth.on to sb./pass on sth.to sb.把某物递给/传给某人
(4)He pretended not to notice me when he passed by me.他从我身边经过时假装没注意到我。
(5)Chinese traditional virtues should be passed down/on from generation to generation.
中国的传统美德应该被一代代传下去。
[温馨提示]
英语中“死”的表达：die为普通用语，pass away为委婉的说法，murder指谋杀或凶杀，kill指杀死，hang指绞死。
[单项填空]
(6)Lucy，please pass the book Jane when you’ve finished it.
A．away B．by C．off D．on to
答案 D
解析 pass sth.on to sb.意为“把某物传递给某人”。
经典句式
Which of the events above do you think will be the funniest？Why？
你认为上面的哪个项目最有趣？为什么？
该句中do you think是插入语，能用作插入语的动词还有：hope，believe，suppose，guess，say，suggest等。常见的句型结构有：
※特殊疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分(语序不变)?
※特殊疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分(陈述语序)?
※I think，I believe，I suppose，I guess，I imagine，I find，I say，I know等也可用作插入语，置于句中或句末，一般用逗号隔开。此类插入语若置于定语从句中，可不用标点。
(1)What do you think can make me get wiser?
你认为什么能使我变得更聪明？
(2)When do you think I can come and see him tomorrow afternoon?
您认为我明天下午什么时间可以来见他？
(3)Whom do you think they will make captain of the team? 你认为他们会选谁当队长？
(4)It is impossible，I think，that we should finish the job in such a short period of time.
我认为我们在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
[温馨提示]
do you suggest作插入语时，其后的句子应使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
(5)Where do you suggest we (should) spend our holiday？你建议我们去哪里度假？
[单项填空]
(6)— choose，the blue one or the white one?
—It’s hard to say.Maybe neither of them.
A．What do you believe will she
B．What do you believe she will
C．Which do you believe will she
D．Which do you believe she will
答案 D
解析 句意为：——你认为她会选哪一个，蓝色的还是白色的？——难说，也许她两个都不会选。由“the blue one or the white one”可知，这里有选择的范围，所以不能用what来提问。do you believe是插入语，此句中插入语以外的部分用陈述语序。
While this kind of humour may sound cruel，it usually only works if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being made fun of.
虽然这种幽默可能听起来有点刻薄，但通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象时，这种幽默才奏效。
while的用法：
※意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。
※作从属连词还可引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时候”。
※作并列连词，表示“然而，而”。
※作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。
(1)While/Though we have made great achievements，there are still some problems.
尽管我们取得了不小的成就，但仍然存在一些问题。
(2)While walking(walk) the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗的时候，你不小心把它松开了，结果它被车撞了。
(3)He is a doctor while his brother is a policeman.
他是个医生而他的弟弟是个警察。
[单项填空]
(4)—What do you think of the music teacher?
— she is an elegant lady，she can be extremely difficult to work with.
A．While B．When C．Even if D．As
答案 A
解析 句意为：——你认为这位音乐老师怎么样？——虽然她很优雅，但是和她一起共事可能非常难。while虽然，尽管，符合题意。故选A项。
One such person is Billy Crystal.
比利•克里斯托就是这样的一个人。
※such作形容词，意为“那样的，这样的，如此的”。当它与数词或不定代词one，no，all，some，any，few等连用时，常置于这些词之后。
※such ...as ...像……这样的……，as后跟名词或定语从句。
※such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数adj.＋不可数名词/复数名词＋that ...意为“如此……以至于……”
※such作代词位于句首时，句子须倒装，谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词决定。
(1)We must do away with all such shortcomings to make greater progress.
要取得更大的进步，我们必须克服所有这样的缺点。
(2)Such is Dad—whatever problems he meets with，he never gives up.
父亲就是这样——无论他遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。
[单项填空]
(3)It’s said that in Brazil meals can stretch for hours—there’s as rushing a meal.
A．no such a thing B．such no thing
C．no such thing D．such not a thing
答案 C
解析 句意为：据说在巴西吃饭可以延续几个小时——没有匆忙吃一顿饭这样的事。当such 与some，other，these/those，no等不定代词连用时，such 置于这些代词之后。no修饰名词时，相当于not a 或not any。
Whatever the reason，research shows that in the end，the English saying，‘Laughter is the best medicine’，may be true after all.
不管是什么原因，研究最终表明，英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。
※whatever在句中引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……”，相当于no matter what。此处省略了is。
※whatever，whichever，who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句又可引导名词性从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what，no matter which，no matter who(m)。
※wherever，whenever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where/when/how。
※“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
(1)My three-year-old son always attaches himself to me wherever I go and whatever I am doing.
不论我走到哪儿，在做什么，我三岁的儿子总是缠着我不放。
(2)Whichever and whatever you like，there is a theme park for you！无论你喜欢哪个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！
(3)We’ll live with the local people in their villages，and eat and drink whatever they do，including cow’s blood！我们要跟当地的居民一起住在他们的村落里，不管他们吃什么、喝什么，我们也一起吃、一起喝，包括牛血！
(4)When communication becomes efficient，people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to.
当交流变得高效时，人们不管在哪儿，也不管希望何时交流，他们都能够相互联系。
(5)A diamond worth ￡12,000 was shot into space and whoever finds it when it lands back on earth gets to keep it.
一颗价值12 000英镑的钻石被发送进太空，在它落回地面时，任何捡到它的人都可以拥有它。
[单项填空]
(6)He tried his best to solve the problem， difficult it was.
A．however B．no matter
C．whatever D．although
答案 A
解析 句意为：无论这个问题有多么棘手，他都会竭尽全力去解决它。however(在从句中作状语)与whatever(在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语)
都可引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how/what。difficult是形容词，修饰形容词或副词应该用however引导让步状语从句。故选A。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Don’t tease(取笑) him about his weight，which will make him embarrassed.
2．Moreover，online customers have access to commodities of such a huge variety(多样化) and number.
3．Previous(在……之前) to the meeting we had discussed the matter among ourselves.
4．We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that is to blame for their son’s bad performance(表现) at school.
5．As the saying(谚语) goes，the early bird catches the worm.
6．If you behave like that，you’ll get yourself disliked.
7．The smoke point is the specific temperature at which the oil starts to break down，or in more technical(技术的) terms，its molecular structure begins to change.
8．I tried to comfort and amuse(娱乐) her while my friend went to broadcast to find her mother.
9．I thought he always felt great affection(喜爱，钟爱) for his sister，but in fact，he disliked her.
10．That dress is such a good style(样式) that it will be fashionable for years.
Ⅱ.选词填空
make fun of，have affection for，come up with，trip over，stand up for
11．It is obvious that no student likes being made fun of in the teacher’s face during the class.
12．He came up with a good solution to the difficult math problem last night.
13．He always stands up for the things in which he believes.
14．Unfortunately，he tripped over a stone and fell in the mud.
15．I have special affection for Cao Yu’s classic play Thunderstorm.
Ⅲ.完成句子
16．I was once ashamed to admit my weaknesses，but now I have no such feeling.
我曾经羞于承认我的弱点，但是我现在没有这样的感觉了。
17．Whatever/No matter what happens，I’ll stand on your side.
无论发生什么事情，我都会支持你。
18．The sports meeting is put off.That’s because there will be a heavy storm tomorrow.
运动会被推迟了，那是因为明天会有大暴雨。
19．He came up with a good way to make up for the loss at the meeting.
他在会议上提出了一个弥补损失的好方法。
20．Tom amused himself on a toy car while his brother behaved badly crying all the time.
汤姆在玩具车上自娱自乐，而他的弟弟表现很不好，一直在哭。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The children will not be allowed to sit at the table if they don’t behave themselves(they)．
2．The dance given by this performer(perform) was a great success.
3．To tell you the truth，we generally do not like being made fun of in public.
4．While driving(drive) in a busy street，you can’t be too careful.
5．As the old saying goes，there is no such good thing as a free dinner in this world.
6．You should come up with the ways to solve the problems.
7．You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
8．We must offer to stand up for the truth and correct mistakes.
9．In the market there are varieties(various) of greens and fruits.
10．To our amusement(amuse)，the boy acted an old woman.
Ⅱ.单项填空
11． some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A．Because B．If
C．Unless D．While
答案 D
解析 句意为：尽管有些人受到成功需求的激励，而另外一些人却被失败的恐惧驱使。根据句意可知，这两句话之间为对比关系，故要用while。
12．When for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A．asking B．asked
C．having asked D．to be asked
答案 B
解析 句意为：当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利浦说他发现这个工作很有趣且很值得做。此处是状语从句的省略，从句补充完整为：When he was asked for his views about his teaching job。
13．The reason most Chinese have healthy white teeth is they eat a healthy diet.
A．why；that B．why；because
C．which；that D．for；that
答案 A
解析 先行词the reason后用why引导定语从句表示“……的原因”；系动词is后接表语从句，且表语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that来引导表语从句。故选A。
14．The boys thought they had tricked the girls by locking them in the kitchen.But the girls when the boys got hungry and realized they couldn’t get into the kitchen for food.
A．smiled on them
B．had the last laugh
C．were down in the dumps
D．laughed out of the other side of their mouth
答案 B
解析 句意为：男孩们认为他们把女孩们锁在厨房里，戏弄了她们。但是当男孩们饿了的时候，他们意识到他们不能进厨房去吃东西，女孩们取得了最后的胜利。smile on sb.有利于某人，给某人带来好运；have the last laugh
笑到最后，取得最后的胜利；be down in the dumps垂头丧气，心情低落；laugh out of the other side of one’s mouth转喜为忧，乐极生悲。故选B。
15．Happily for John’s mother，he is working harder to his lost time.
A．make up for B．keep up with
C．catch up with D．make use of
答案 A
解析 句意为：让约翰的妈妈高兴的是，他更加努力地学习来弥补他失去的时间。make up for 弥补；keep up with跟上；catch up with 赶上；make use of利用。
16．If you leave your shoes lying around like that，you’ll them.
A．trip up B．trip over
C．fall down D．fall on
答案 B
解析 句意为：如果你像那样乱扔鞋子，你会被它们绊倒的。trip over被……绊倒，符合句意。trip up(故意使)犯错误；fall down落下，倒塌，跌倒，后面不接宾语；fall on扑向，由……承担。
17．We are still at a stage it’s still too early to say whether the newly elected president will bring hope to the US.
A．that B．where
C．which D．/
答案 B
解析 句意为：我们还处于这样一个阶段：判断新当选的总统是否会给美国带来希望为时尚早。先行词是stage，定语从句的结构很完整，it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。当先行词是stage且先行词在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的关系词一般使用关系副词where。故选B。
18．Because of the fast growth of the population，new methods of increasing the world’s food supply will have to at the conference.
A．be come up with B．come to
C．come around D．come up
答案 D
解析 come up被提出，符合句意。come up with不可以用于被动语态中；come to恢复知觉，苏醒；come around(日期或有规律的事)再次发生，再度出现，改变想法。
19．He was bored at home，so he began to himself by playing computer games.
A．enjoy B．play
C．amuse D．treat
答案 C
解析 amuse oneself自娱自乐，符合语境。
20．He is always me as I often feel shy in public.
A．made fun of B．making a fun of
C．made a fun of D．making fun of
答案 D
解析 根据句意“他总是因为我在众人面前经常感到害羞而取笑我”可知，所填内容的意思是“取笑，拿……开玩笑”，又因为fun是不可数名词，故只有D
项符合题意。此处用进行时表示经常性的动作，与always连用表示厌烦等情绪。
能力提升
Ⅲ.完形填空
Yesterday afternoon，I bought a few things from the supermarket.I decided to 21 a chocolate bar for the checkout operator，a 22 of kindness.
The woman at the check-out counter was an older lady，and 23 ，she seemed very ill-tempered.After paying，I was 24 to give my gift to her，because for the whole 25 we interacted，she didn’t smile at all.Nevertheless，I 26 the courage and gave it to her，explaining that it was for her.
It was the most amazing 27 ever！She seemed 28 at first but then a big smile 29 across her face，and she was so happy and thankful！She told me that no customers had 30 done anything nice for her before.I felt so happy that I was able to make her 31 ！
Then I went out to wait for the 32 .A lady came over to me.She was 33 about when her bus was coming and which bus she should 34 on to get to her neighborhood.I 35 it to her，and she told me that she was 78 years old and she would not be able to remember the 36 ，so I wrote it on her hand.She was so sweet and we stood and 37 for a while.
I remembered I had another chocolate bar in my bag so I gave it to her.She was really 38 and then said that every single time she comes to this exact bus stop， 39 comes and helps her.She said she thinks it’s like an angel each time.I felt very proud that I was 40 the angles!
语篇解读 作者买完东西付款时将一块巧克力送给那个不笑的收银员，收银员收到礼物后露出了灿烂的笑容。后来等公共汽车时，作者又送给一位不知该怎样坐车回家的老太太一块巧克力，这个举动使得老太太非常高兴。
21．A.make B．buy
C．donate D．send
答案 B
解析 作者决定为收银员买(buy)块巧克力。
22．A.word B．wonder
C．movement D．gift
答案 D
解析 巧克力是作为一件善意的礼物(gift)。
23．A.after all B．on purpose
C．at first D．in addition
答案 C
解析 起初，这位女收银员似乎脾气很不好。at first起初。
24．A.nervous B．careful
C．proud D．calm
答案 A
解析 付完款后，作者把巧克力递给了她，还有点儿紧张(nervous)。
25．A.place B．time
C．stage D．discussion
答案 B
解析 在作者付款的时间(time)里，收银员一点笑容都没有。
26．A.gave up B．took away
C．showed off D．picked up
答案 D
解析 作者鼓起勇气，把巧克力送给了她。因为担心收银员会拒绝，那会令人很尴尬，所以作者要鼓起勇气，故用pick up。
27．A.incident B．moment
C．reaction D．surprise
答案 B
解析 由下文描述的收银员态度的变化可推知，这是最令人惊异的时刻(moment)。
28．A.shocked B．shamed
C．angry D．worried
答案 A
解析 一开始，收银员似乎非常惊讶(shocked)。
29．A.fled B．spread
C．disappeared D．rose
答案 B
解析 但接着她脸上露出了灿烂的笑容，故此处应用spread(慢慢流露出)。
30．A.even B．never
C．ever D．yet
答案 C
解析 收银员告诉作者，以前从来没有顾客对她做这样的好事。ever曾经。
31．A.weep B．joke
C．change D．smile
答案 D
解析 作者对能让这个收银员笑(smile)感到高兴。
32．A.bus B．taxi
C．train D．car
答案 A
解析 下文提到老太太记不清坐哪路公共汽车回家，故可推知，然后作者出去等“公共汽车”了。
33．A.bored B．confused
C．pleased D．excited
答案 B
解析 老太太弄糊涂(confused)了，她记不清她要坐的公共汽车什么时候来。
34．A.move B．carry
C．get D．wait
答案 C
解析 老太太不知道应该上哪辆公共汽车。get on a bus上公共汽车。
35．A.passed B．taught
C．directed D．explained
答案 D
解析 作者就向老太太解释(explain)她该坐哪路车。
36．A.name B．color
C．number D．route
答案 C
解析 老太太说，她78岁了，记不住公共汽车上的数字(number)。
37．A.chatted B．complained
C．played D．rested
答案 A
解析 作者就把数字写在了老太太的手上，老太太很高兴。她们站在那里聊(chat)了一会儿。
38．A.hungry B．eager
C．happy D．polite
答案 C
解析 作者想起包里还有一块巧克力，就把它给了老太太，老太太非常高兴(happy)。
39．A.everyone B．anyone
C．none D．someone
答案 D
解析 老太太说，每次她来到这个公交站，总有人(someone)来帮她。
40．A.among B．beyond
C．between D．beside
答案 A
解析 作者感到很自豪，因为她也是天使中的一个。among在……中间。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Several recent studies have suggested that women experience laughter more than men.According to medical studies，laughter isn’t just about having fun—it actually has many health benefits.Studies have shown that the act of laughing can make blood pressure fall，reduce stress and improve immune function.
Not only that，but laughter can also provide benefits similar to that of an antidepressant.When you laugh，your body lets out something that results in a general feeling of health and happiness.Regular laughter can play a role in helping you to avoid many health problems.Thus，not only do women tend to laugh more than men，they are also more likely to “have the last laugh”．
According to a study at the Stanford University of Medicine，gender can affect the way that a person’s brain responds to humor.The study，which is about the monitoring of 10 men and 10 women watching cartoons，shows that women are more likely than men to use the part of the brain that manages rewards.It seems that women have lower expectations about a reward (in this case，the reward being the punch-line of the joke or cartoon)，which results in them enjoying the experience more than the men.Men，on the other hand，seem to expect that they will find the cartoons humorous，and are therefore more likely to be disappointed and find them less funny.
Women are more likely to respond to men whom they find humorous and men seem to recognize this and do their best to make women laugh.It has been shown that women are more likely to laugh in the presence of men whom they like and men are more likely to be attracted to women who laugh in their presence because it makes
them feel better.Clearly，it is important to men that a woman appreciates their humor.
语篇解读 近期一些研究表明女人比男人爱笑。笑不仅与开心有关，还有许多健康方面的好处。研究表明，笑可以降低血压、减少压力和提高免疫力。研究还发现，性别会影响大脑对幽默的反应，这就是女人比男人爱笑的原因。
41．The studies show that regular laughter can.
A．raise blood pressure
B．keep us nervous
C．make immune function worse
D．keep us healthy and happy
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，笑不仅与开心有关，还对健康有好处。故选D。
42．If you feel sad，you should not take some medicine but.
A．do more exercise
B．do what you like
C．laugh more
D．improve your immune function
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第二段可知，笑还可以提供类似抗抑郁药的好处。故正确答案为C。
43．Why do women experience laughter more than men?
A．Because they like telling humorous stories.
B．Because they like watching cartoons.
C．Because they expect little of a reward.
D．Because they seldom respond to humor.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第三段可知，女人在奖赏方面期望较低(这里的奖赏指笑话或卡通中的“包袱”)，这使得她们比男人更加享受这种体验。故正确答案为C。A、B两项文章没有提及；D项与第三段内容不相符。
44．From the last paragraph we can learn that.
A．women dislike humorous men
B．men dislike humorous women
C．laughter makes women humorous
D．humorous men make women happy
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，女人更乐于回应那些她们认为幽默的男人，大笑是她们欣赏男人幽默的表现。故正确答案为D。
45．The main idea of the passage is.
A．women laugh more than men
B．laughter has many health benefits
C．women enjoy humor more than men
D．humorous men are popular with women
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。文章首段就点明了文章的主旨：近期一些研究表明女人比男人爱笑。后面的段落详细说明了笑的益处，女人爱笑的原因等。故正确答案为A。其他选项都是文章中的某一个细节，不可作为文章的主旨。
Ⅴ.语法填空
How Learning Habits Influence Learning Results
It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.There is a famous saying “Good habits lead to good endings”，which shows the 46 (important) of habits.“ 47 apple a day keeps the doctor away” also shows how a healthy living habit helps to build up our body.Therefore，good learning habits can help us gain great learning results， 48 (include) high scores and abundant(大量的) knowledge.Learning habits form our ways of thinking and attitudes towards the content of our learning. 49 (obvious)，a good habit can help us reach our destinations more quickly. 50 we can see，developing a good habit 51 (be) so important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit to you—keeping a learning diary every day.We can start the habit by 52 (write) learning summaries and recording something 53 (impress) and meaningful.Keep it in mind， 54 gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.What’s more，I find that I have
some bad learning habits as well.I can only concentrate on reading for a short time and I will conquer this problem by spending more effort 55 concentration practice in future.I believe that through my efforts，I can gain good learning results by having good learning habits.
语篇解读 本文介绍了良好的学习习惯的重要性，以及如何养成良好的学习习惯。
46．答案 importance
解析 考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，此处应用important的名词形式。
47．答案 An
解析 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，且apple的发音以元音音素开头，故填An。
48．答案 including
解析 考查词形转换。including为介词，意为“包括……在内”。
49．答案 Obviously
解析 考查副词。空处为副词作状语，故填Obviously。
50．答案 As
解析 考查关系词。As we can see意为“正如我们看到的”。As在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
51．答案 is
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，且动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。
52．答案 writing
解析 考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动词时应用v.-ing形式，故填writing。
53．答案 impressive
解析 考查形容词。and连接两个并列的形容词作something的后置定语，故本空填impressive。
54．答案 and
解析 考查连词。前面的祈使句与后面的句子之间是顺承关系，故用and连接。
55．答案 on
解析 考查介词。spend effort on sth.在此意为“在某事上花费精力”。
Period Three Word power & Grammar and usage & Task
重点词汇
This is because laughter strengthens the heart and the lungs.
这是因为笑能增强心肺功能。
strengthen vt.加强；增强；巩固
strength n.力量；力气；体力；强项；优势
have the strength to do sth.有做某事的力气
build up one’s strength增强体力
strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点
(1)Our friendship has steadily strengthened since the previous years.
从前几年开始，我们的友谊不断增强。
(2)To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses.
为了让一个队里的成员做得更好，教练首先要了解他们的优势和劣势。
(3)Mike usually runs every morning to build up his strength.
迈克通常每天早上跑步来强身健体。
(4)He has been brought in to strengthen the defence because of the strength that he is strong and fast.(strong)因为他有身体壮和速度快的长处，所以被请来加强后卫力量。
[单项填空]
(5)To his position in the country，he appointed his close friend Henry as head of the troops.
A．strengthen B．sponsor
C．clarify D．switch
答案 A
解析 句意为：为了巩固他在这个国家的地位，他任命他的好朋友亨利作为军队的统领。strengthen加强，巩固；sponsor赞助；clarify澄清，使……清楚；switch转换，转化。
As you laugh，the muscles participating in the laugh become active.
当你笑的时候，参与笑的肌肉变得活跃起来。
participate vi.参加，参与
※participate in参加，参与
participate in sth.with sb.和某人一起参与某事
※participation n．参加，参与
※participant n．参与者
(1)Last spring，I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.
去年春天，我有幸被选上参加一个交流学习的项目。
(2)Besides，wider engagement with participants(participate) requires very considerable resource.
此外，参与者的广泛参与需要相当大的资源。
(3)The scheme aims to encourage increased participation(participate) in sporting activities.
这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
[巧学助记]
根据口诀，区别不同的“参加”：
加入组织join选，出席到场attend用；
参加活动起作用，take part in来闹场；
和人一起来活动，join sb.in来凑份；
participate不及物，和in做伴来参加。
[单项填空]
(4)Most students at school hope that they can activities that appeal to them after class instead of just doing their homework.(2018•射阳二中高二检测)
A．apply for B．participate in
C．stick to D．focus on
答案 B
解析 句意为：大多数在校学生都希望课后能够参加自己喜爱的活动，而不只是写作业。apply for 申请；participate in参加；stick to坚持；focus on集中于。根据题意选B。
Enjoying a funny comedy or reading some jokes will drive away your negative feelings and make you feel much better.
欣赏一部搞笑的喜剧或读一些笑话会赶走你的负面情绪，让你感觉好很多。
drive away赶走；使离去；驱车离开
drive off开走；赶走；驱散；击退
drive sb.＋adj.使人……
drive sb.to do sth.迫使/促使某人做某事
(1)The hunter guaranteed that he would drive the wolf away.这个猎人保证他会把狼赶走。
(2)Many defenders took part in this battle and drove off each attack.很多防守队员参加了这次战斗并击退了每一次进攻。
(3)The detective wondered what had driven Christine to phone him.警探不明白是什么原因促使克里斯蒂娜打电话给他。
[单项填空]
(4)Listen to some soft music，for it can all your anger.
A．get away B．drive away
C．turn off D．put off
答案 B
解析 句意为：听一些轻柔的音乐吧，因为它能赶走你所有的愤怒。get away离开；drive away赶走；turn off关闭；put off 延期。由句意可知选B项。
Practising is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.
练习是保证演出成功的唯一方法。
guarantee vt.& n．保证；担保
※guarantee sb.against/from...保证某人免受……
guarantee sth./to do sth./that...保证/担保……
guarantee sb.sth.向某人担保/保证某事
be guaranteed to do sth.必定做某事
※(be) under guarantee在保修期内
(1)Consistent，hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want.
始终如一的努力工作并不能保证你达到你想要的成功。
(2)I will guarantee to prove every statement I made.
我将保证证实我的每一项声明。
(3)The car is less than a year old，so it is still under guarantee.
这辆汽车用了不到一年， 因此仍在保修期内。
(4)He gave me a guarantee that he would perform well.他向我保证好好表现。
[温馨提示] guarantee用作名词时，主要意思有：保证，保证书，保修单；担保人；抵押品。
[单项填空]
(5)Working hard is not only a of great success，but it is among the essential requirements.
A．sign B．signal
C．mark D．guarantee
答案 D
解析 句意为：努力工作不仅仅是成功的保证，也是基本要求之一。sign标记，迹象；signal信号；mark标记，记号；guarantee 担保，保证。
He has instructed students from over 70 different countries.
他已指导过来自70多个不同国家的学生。
instruct vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知
※instruct sb.to do sth./in doing sth.命令某人做某事/指导某人做某事
as instructed按照指示
※instruction n．[pl.]指示；用法说明书；使用指南；[U]指导
obey/follow instructions遵从指令/指示
※instructive adj.有教育意义的，有启发性的
※instructor n．指导员，教练
(1)It was Jay that instructed me to throw myself out of the plane.
是杰伊命令我从飞机上跳下去的。
(2)If someone doesn’t work as instructed，and offers no reasonable explanation，you can ask him/her to go.如果某人不按规定行事，并且没有提供合理的解释，您可以要求其走人。
(3)It is important to follow the teacher’s instructions(instruct) in the lab.
在实验室听从老师的指示非常重要。
(4)It is the most instructive(instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的讲座。
(5)The old teachers instruct the young teachers not only in words but also by deeds.
这些老教师对年轻的教师言传身教。
[误区释疑] instruct表示“命令”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用should do，should可以省略。
(6)They instructed him that he (should) leave the country at once.他们命令他立刻离开这个国家。
[单项填空]
(7)You’d better read the first before you use the camera.
A．websites B．explanations
C．instructions D．advertisements
答案 C
解析 句意为：在用相机之前你最好看一下说明书。instructions说明书，指南，符合句意。website网址；explanation说明，解释；advertisement广告。故选C项。
In an interview，he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students.
在一次采访中，他告诉我们，他总是乐意接收新的外国学生。
take on接纳；呈现；承担(责任)；雇用
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中take on的汉语意思
(1)We’re not taking on any new clients at present.接纳；接收
(2)Now the countryside is taking on a new look day by day.呈现
(3)He is willing to take on the responsibility for what he did.承担
(4)Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.雇用
take away拿走，带走
take down写下，记下；拆卸
take in吸收；理解；欺骗；收容
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take over接收；接管；取代
take up占据；开始从事；继续；接受
(5)He took off my wet boots and made me sit by the fire.
他脱掉我湿漉漉的靴子，让我在火炉旁坐下。
(6)When Mr Green retired，his son took over the business from him.
格林先生退休后，他的儿子接管了他的生意。
[单项填空]
(7)Women are more likely than men to signs of unhappiness and anxiety when in a position of great power at work，according to US scientists.
A．take up B．take over
C．take on D．take off
答案 C
解析 句意为：根据美国科学家的研究，当从事权力很大的工作时，女性比男性更容易有不快乐和焦虑的特征。take on呈现，具有……的特征。故选C项。
经典句式
If you want to be an actor，there are certain things you will need to know before you can be in a play.
如果你想要成为一名演员，在你可以参与演出前你要知道一些事情。
※before conj.在……之前，常用来引导时间状语从句。
before在引导时间状语从句时，除了译成“在……之前”，在不同的语境中还可译成“还没来得及……就……”或“趁着……还没有……就……”。
It will be＋一段时间＋before从句(一般现在时)表示“要过多久才……”。
It was＋一段时间＋before从句(一般过去时)表示“过了多久才……”。
※“It＋be＋时间段＋since...”句型意为“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如果since从句中的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则译为“自从……以来多长时间了”；如果从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词，则译为“不做……多长时间了”。
(1)It will be one year before you finish the task.
要过一年你才能完成这项任务。
(2)It was seven days before everything returned to normal.过了七天一切才恢复正常。
(3)It has been many years since they lived in this city.
他们已经有多年不在这个城市住了。
[单项填空]
(4)There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.
A．since B．until
C．when D．before
答案 D
解析 句意为：还有一天你最喜欢的乐队就要现场演奏了。“There is＋一段时间＋before...”为固定句式，意为“还有多长时间某事就会发生”。
Don’t worry，just follow the stage directions that you have learnt，and say your lines，and you will do fine！
不要担心，只要按照你学过的舞台说明做，说你的台词，你就会做得很好！
※本句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句表示条件或假设，相当于if引导的条件状语从句；陈述句表示结果或推论。and表示递进关系，含有“那么”之意。
※“祈使句＋or (else)/otherwise＋陈述句”结构，用来叙述否定的条件。or (else)/otherwise表示转折关系，意为“否则，要不然”。
※“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”结构用来叙述肯定的条件。名词词组中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词。
(1)Use your head，and then you will find a way.
动动脑筋，你就会找到办法的。
(2)Work hard，or you will fall behind others.
努力学习吧，否则你会落后于别人的。
(3)One more hour，and I’ll get the work finished.
再给我一个小时，我就会做完这项工作的。
[单项填空]
(4)—Peter，please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A．but B．or C．for D．so
答案 D
解析 句意为：——彼得，请寄给我们明信片，这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。——没问题。空格后面表示结果，故用so。but表转折；or表选择；for是表因果关系的连词，后接原因。
Experts say that the positive feelings produced by laughter not only make us happy but also help us reduce pain.
专家说笑产生的积极情感不但让我们感到愉快，而且帮助我们减轻疼痛。
※句中not only ...but also ...“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个对称的并列成分，可以连接两个谓语、主语、宾语、表语、状语等。
※not only ...but also ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数要根据“就近原则”来确定。
※not only放在句首时，它所在的句子要用部分倒装结构。
(1)As we know，getting angry not only does harm to one’s health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.
我们都知道，生气不仅有害健康，而且严重影响人们之间的关系。
(2)Not only can the environment of this country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism，the people as well rapidly feel its effects.
不仅仅这个国家的环境会遭受旅游业激增的困扰，这里的人们也会很快感受到它的影响。
(3)Not only the students but also the teacher was(be)against the plan.
不仅学生们，连老师也反对这个计划。
[写作佳句]
(4)Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy schoolwork，but it also promoted the friendship among us.
它不仅使我们接近大自然，摆脱繁重的功课得以放松，而且还能促进我们之间的友谊。
[联想发散] 谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”的结构还有：neither...nor...既不……也不……，either ...or...或者……或者……。
(5)Neither you nor I am(be) fit for the work.
你和我都不适合这份工作。
[单项填空]
(6)Not only the exchange students’ personal skills strengthened， they have the social skills that they’ve gained from living abroad.
A．has；but also B．have；but
C．had；but also D．has；also
答案 B
解析 句意为：不仅这些交换生的个人技能得到了加强，而且他们也有了在海外生活中学到的社会技能。在not only ...but also ...结构中，not only置于句首时，该分句用部分倒装，后一分句不用倒装；结合句意可知用现在完成时；又因为前一分句的主语skills是复数，故用助动词have；第二空but also可以省略also。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My initial(最初的) reaction was to decline the offer.
2．The statement was carefully polished(润色) and checked before release.
3．It must be acknowledged that this object has not been attained(达到)．
4．Basic human rights，including freedom of speech，are now guaranteed(保障)．
5．A few weeks of deep-breathing(深呼吸的) exercise should solve the problem.
6．Always read the instructions(说明) before you start.
7．Walking is a good way of improving fitness(健康)．
8．The headmaster said they would strengthen(加强) the care about the students.
9．If a teacher gives the student positive(积极的) attention，the bad behavior will disappear.
10．It’s well-known that it is difficult for a foreigner(外国人) to learn Chinese.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be supposed to， work out， participate in， drive away， take on
11．He doesn’t want to participate in running the company.
12．How can I drive away these feelings of sadness?
13．On Sundays she goes to work out in the gym.
14．The land around the lake has taken on a new look.
15．You were supposed to be here an hour ago.
Ⅲ.完成句子
16．It was some time before I realized the truth(我才悟出真相)．
17．It is easy to have(拥有……简单) a healthy lifestyle，and it is important to eat(吃……很重要) a balanced diet.
18．Ten more minutes，and I will drive these flies out of the room(我就把这些苍蝇赶出房间)．
19．Not only does he like playing football(他喜欢踢足球)，but also he likes playing tennis.
20．He instructed that a wall (should) be built(筑一道城墙) around the city.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In addition to energy cooperation，China and Russia can strengthen(strong) cooperation on technology，agriculture and tourism.
2．The first time I saw Tom，I was deeply impressed by his great strength.
3．It is said that he spent the whole summer polishing(polish) his flying skills.
4．The children were left in the charge of a neighbour when they were on holiday.
5．We would not take on such hard work.It’s impossible for us to complete it in such a short time.
6．It took him a long time to attain(attain) what he needed to become a professional artist.
7．Did you read the instructions(instruct) before the experiment?
8．Not only he but also his parents were invited(invite) to her birthday party yesterday.
9．He made me annoyed on purpose in order to drive me away.
10．Our country held the 2nd Youth Olympic Games，in which many countries participated.
Ⅱ.单项填空
11．Males between 18 and 20 had to leave a deposit as a of returning to do their military service.
A．reception B．performance
C．charity D．guarantee
答案 D
解析 句意为：18岁到20岁之间的男子必须留下保证金，作为他们回来服兵役的保证。reception接待；performance表演；charity慈善；guarantee保证。由句意可知选D项。
12．There are still many problems to be solved we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2018•苏锡常镇模拟)
A．before B．once
C．after D．until
答案 A
解析 句意为：在我们准备好长时间待在月球之前还有很多问题要解决。before在……之前，符合句意。
13． your savings so fast，or you’ll end up as a beggar.(2018•泰州中学高二检测)
A．Stop to spend B．To stop to spend
C．Stop spending D．Stopping spending
答案 C
解析 题目结构是“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”。句意为：不要大手大脚地乱花钱，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。stop to do sth.停下正在做的事而去做另一件事；stop doing sth.停止做某事。根据句意可知选C项。
14．While arts education，we shall not neglect the importance of improving their quality.
A．strengthening
B．to strengthen
C．strengthened
D．being strengthened
答案 A
解析 句意为：在加强艺术教育的同时，我们也不应该忽略提高艺术品质的重要性。前半句为状语从句的省略形式，相当于“While we are strengthening...”。故选A。
15． this year’s Nobel Prize in literature surprised the whole world.
A．Bob Dylan’s being awarded
B．Bob Dylan had been awarded
C．Bob Dylan was awarded
D．Bob Dylan having been awarded
答案 A
解析 分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语；分析四个选项，只有A项是动名词短语的复合结构，能作句子的主语。故选A项。
16．Victor had almost every stamp from 1954 to 2014.He only needed one before his collection .
A．would be completed
B．was completed
C．was being completed
D．has been completed
答案 B
解析 句意为：维克多几乎拥有1954年到2014年发行的每一枚邮票，他只需要一枚就能完成他的系列收藏。通过题干中的had，needed可以得知用一般过去时；collection和complete之间是被动关系。故选B。
17． there are many different types of food，some animals spend their lives eating only one type.
A．Since B．Unless
C．Once D．While
答案 D
解析 句意为：虽然有很多不同种类的食物，一些动物还是只靠吃一种来生存。since由于，自从；unless除非；once一旦；while虽然，尽管。由句意可知选D项。
18．In a typhoon，winds a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.
A．assume B．accomplish
C．attain D．acquire
答案 C
解析 句意为：在台风中，风速能达到每小时120公里以上。attain达到(某水平等)，符合题意。assume假定，假设，承担；accomplish 完成；acquire获得，学到，习得。
19．We can’t any more work，and we’re fully stretched at the moment.
A．take in B．take on
C．take over D．take off
答案 B
解析 句意为：我们不能再接受更多的工作了，目前我们已经是全力以赴了。take on在此意为“接受，承担”，符合句意。take in吸收，理解，欺骗；take over接收，接管；take off脱掉，起飞，(事业)腾飞。
20．I think we’ve talked enough about that；let’s .
A．continue B．move on
C．go on D．move off
答案 B
解析 句意为：我想关于那件事我们已经谈得够多了，谈点别的吧。move on开始做(别的事)，换(话题)，符合句意。continue继续(同一话题)；go on继续(同一话题)；move off离开。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
In the early 1990s，Madan Kataria，an Indian doctor who worked in Mumbai，became interested in the growing body of scientific evidence showing that laughter is extremely beneficial to human health.He made a decision that more laughter was needed to improve health and deal with the stress of modern living.
In 1995，while writing an article for a health journal，Dr.Kataria discovered many modern scientific studies describing the benefits of laughter on the human mind and body.In particular，he was impressed by Norman Cousins’ book Anatomy of an Illness and the research work by Dr.Lee Berk.Then he began to field-test the effect of laughter on himself and others.
Starting with just five people，on March 13,1995，at a public park in his neighborhood，Dr.Kataria started the first laughter club.They laughed together in the park to the amusement of bystanders，and the small group quickly grew to more than 50 people within a few days.In the early meetings，they stood in a circle with one person in the center to tell a joke or a funny story.Everybody enjoyed themselves and felt good for the rest of the day.However，after two weeks，their jokes and stories ran out.Some complained that it would be better to discontinue the club than to continue without any jokes.Dr.Kataria asked the club members to give him one day to develop a breakthrough that would solve the problem.
That night，Dr.Kataria reviewed his research and finally found the answer.Our body cannot differentiate between pretend and genuine laughter.In fact，both produced the same effect.The next morning，the results were amazing.For some，the make-believe laughter quickly turned into real laughter.Soon the group was laughing like never before.The hearty laughter that followed lasted for almost ten minutes.This was the birth of Laughter Yoga.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了大笑瑜伽的起源。
21．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Madan Kataria .
A．used to be serious
B．was a man of action
C．found his life stressful
D．was an expert in laughing
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由第二段中的最后一句“Then he began to field-test the effect of laughter on himself and others.”可知，Madan Kataria是一位实干家。故选B项。
22．After a short period of time，the club members .
A．didn’t know what to talk about
B．doubted whether laughter would help
C．couldn’t find any place to get together
D．showed less interest in Dr.Kataria’s club
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第三段中的“after two weeks，their jokes and stories ran out ...to continue without any jokes”可知，两周后他们的笑话和故事都讲完了，不知道该谈论些什么了。故选A项。
23．The underlined part “a breakthrough” refers to the discovery that .
A．people may laugh a lot after taking a new type of medicine
B．genuine laughter works better than pretend laughter
C．laughing a lot is able to help us fight off illness
D．pretend laughter is also helpful to our health
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。由最后一段中的“Our body cannot ...produced the same effect.”可知，Dr.Kataria的突破性发现就是假笑和真笑一样有助于人体健康。故选D项。
24．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Laughter Clubs in India
B．Benefits of Laughter Yoga
C．The Origin of Laughter Yoga
D．Laughter—the Best Medicine
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。由文章最后一句“This was the birth of Laughter Yoga.”以及文中相关的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了大笑瑜伽的起源。故选C项。
B
Can you define great art？On the one hand，we can all see that great art is old art which is called great.But how do we know which art of our own times is great，and which will be forgotten？And who decides?
These are important questions，for the great art of the past often was not considered great during its own time.When Shakespeare and Charles Dickens were writing，for example，most critics considered them as hack(平庸的) writers with little or no literary ability.Similarly，Van Gogh and many of the other impressionist painters of the late nineteenth century were not allowed to participate in events involving what were thought to be the “real” painters of the time，and often they were very poor.Yet today their paintings often sell for millions of dollars，while those so-called “real” painters are now barely remembered.
So what makes great art？Can，for example，rock music be great art？Music videos？Cartoons and comics？Those who call themselves critics of the fine arts often have been the last to recognise great art in the past，and we can probably expect this to be the situation today.
Critics often don’t recognise great art because they tend to be prejudiced against what is popular.Popular works，whether they are novels，movies，or comics，are usually considered to be produced for the sake of money only，and not for the sake of art.
But popularity，it seems to me，is one of the three signs that a present-day work of art may come to be thought of as great.The other two are that it is groundbreaking，and that it is inherently(内在地) beautiful.
Many works have one or even two of these qualities of being popular，unusual and beautiful.But having all the three will often mean that a work of art will someday be seen to be great，though it may take a good spoonful of time，such as a century or two，to know for sure.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中阐述了什么样的艺术才是伟大的艺术，并指出它们的特点：流行性、突破性、内在美。
25．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To explain what kind of art will become popular.
B．To introduce some real painters to the readers.
C．To introduce the writer’s confusion about art.
D．To lead into the following points by arousing the readers’ curiosity.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。作者在第一段中接连提出了几个问题，目的在于引起读者的兴趣，从而引出后文。故选D项。
26．What does the author want to prove by using the examples of Shakespeare，Charles Dickens and Van Gogh?
A．These masters’ works have some shortcomings.
B．These masters wouldn’t have been so successful without the critics.
C．Truly beautiful works of art are never understood when first created.
D．Great masters were often not acknowledged while they were alive.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的主题句“These are important questions，for the great art of the past often was not considered great during its own time.”可知，伟大的艺术往往在自己的时代并不被认为是伟大的，而后列举的莎士比亚、查尔斯•狄更斯以及凡•高的例子就是来证明这一点的。故选D项。
27．According to the passage，what do critics think of popular works?
A．They will be out of date quickly.
B．They are created for profit rather than for art.
C．They might be presented in a popular form.
D．They are thought valuable because of their low sale price.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Popular works，whether they are novels，movies，or comics，are usually considered to be produced for the sake of money only，and not for the sake of art.”可知，评论家认为当代的流行艺术是为了金钱利益而创作的，不是为了艺术。故选B项。
28．What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?
A．Critics have changed their attitudes to great works.
B．Critics’ comments determine great art works.
C．The work of art itself determines its greatness.
D．Popular works today must become great art works someday.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。文章第四段讲的是评论家认为流行的作品是为金钱利益而生，并不是伟大的艺术。倒数第二段讲的是流行性与突破性、内在美一样，是当今伟大的艺术作品的特征。最后一段讲的是有上述三个特征的作品总有一天会被认为是伟大的艺术。由此可推断能否成为伟大的艺术，关键在于作品本身的受欢迎程度、不同寻常的特点和内在的美，而不在于评论家的评判。故选C项。
Ⅳ.七选五
How to Store Strawberries
You’ve got some beautiful strawberries and brought them home with great care.You’ve washed a few and eaten them immediately，but what to do with the rest？ 29 These simple tips for storing strawberries guarantee the least waste：
First things first，don’t wash the strawberries until you’re ready to eat them.Strawberries are ready to absorb water. 30
If you plan on eating or cooking with the berries within a day and it’s not too terribly hot in your kitchen，you can leave the strawberries out at room temperature.Put them
in a pretty bowl within easy eyesight so people remember to eat them.
31 Take a shallow bowl or plate with a clean kitchen towel.Place the unwashed strawberries in more or less a single layer and refrigerate them.Stored this way，very fresh strawberries will keep for several days.The closer you can create this dry and unpressed situation，the better. 32
If you’re not planning on using the strawberries within a few days，you’d better freeze them rather than keep them all fresh.Frozen strawberries are perfect for baking up in cakes，and other treats. 33 They say frozen strawberries hold their shape better.Besides，whenever you have strawberries about to be not at their best，you can also place them in the freezer.By the end of strawberry season，you’ll likely have enough of them to make jam.
A．There are different answers to this question.
B．They say frozen ones are to be more easily stored.
C．Actually，many bakers prefer frozen berries to fresh ones.
D．Again，don’t wash them until you’re going to use them!
E．And once they’ve met with water，they are quick to rot away.
F．For overnight storage，however，you’d better refrigerate them.
G Strawberries can go bad easily，especially when not stored correctly.
语篇解读 这是一篇科普类说明文，主要介绍了草莓的贮藏方法。
29．答案 G
解析 根据空前的问题和空后的内容可知，G项介绍草莓易烂的属性，起到过渡作用。
30．答案 E
解析 根据本段第一句“First things first，don’t wash the strawberries until you’re ready to eat them.”可知，草莓如果不吃，不要清洗，一旦洗了就容易腐烂。分析选项可知E项符合题意。
31．答案 F
解析 由空后的内容可知，想让草莓多保存几天，就必须放入冰箱冷藏。分析选项可知F项(如要过夜的储藏，你最好冷藏它们。)符合题意，故选F项。
32．答案 D
解析 根据上一句“The closer you can create this dry and unpressed situation，the better.”可知，存放草莓要保持干燥，故不能洗。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D项。
33．答案 C
解析 根据上一句“Frozen strawberries are perfect for baking up in cakes，and other treats.(冷冻草莓非常适合烘烤蛋糕和其他食物。)”及下一句“They say frozen strawberries hold their shape better.(他们说冷冻草莓的形状更好。)”可知，面包师一定喜欢这种冷冻草莓。分析选项可知C项(事实上，与新鲜草莓相比，许多面包师更喜欢冷冻草莓。)符合题意。
Period Four Project
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15题；每题1分，满分15分)
1．bench n．长凳，长椅
2．textbook n．教科书；课本
3．cosy adj.暖和舒适的，惬意的
4．alongside prep.& adv.在……旁边；与……一起
5．castle n．城堡；堡垒
6．armchair n．扶手椅
7．pile n．摞；垛；堆
8．official-looking adj.貌似官方的
9．deep-breathing adj.深呼吸的
10．foreigner n．外国人
11．initial adj.最初的，初始的 n．(人名的)首字母
12．polish vt.提高；修改；润色
13．visual adj.视觉的
14．howl vi.大叫，嚎叫n.嚎叫，喊叫声
15．saying n．格言，谚语，警句
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15题；每题2分，满分30分)
16．invitation n．邀请→invite vt.邀请
17．crowded adj.拥挤的→crowd vt.& vi.拥挤，挤满
18．anger n．怒，怒火，怒气→angry adj.发怒的，生气的→angrily adv.生气地，气愤地
19．bow vi.& vt.鞠躬；低头；(使)弯曲n.鞠躬；船头
20．dash vi.急奔，急驰，猛冲n.急奔，猛冲；匆忙，仓促
21．burst vi.猛冲；突然出现；爆裂
22．glare vi.怒目而视；发出炫目的光
23．fitness n．健壮，健康；适合→fit adj.健康的；适合的v.适合
24．strengthen vt.& vi.增强→strength n．力量
25．participate vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参加者，参与者
26．positive adj.积极的
27．guarantee vt.& n．保证；担保
28．foolishness n．愚蠢→foolish adj.愚蠢的→fool n．傻子
29．instruct vt.教授；指示→instruction n．指示；用法说明
30．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或者短语对应的汉语意思(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)
31．make room for为……腾出地方
32．dash out 冲出去
33．burst in闯进；突然闯入
34．glare at对……怒目而视
35．hold out递出；拿出；伸出
36．tear...in two把……撕成两半
37．behind one’s back某人身后
38．a roll of一卷……
39．toilet paper手纸，卫生纸
40．run into撞上；陷入Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题7分，满分35分)
41．Maybe here？(‘sits’ as if there is a bench)
或许是这儿？(“坐下来”，好像有一把长凳似的)
42．I must have forgotten to tell you.
我一定是忘记告诉你们了。
43．Servant dashes out，comes back in with something behind his back.
仆人冲出去，身后藏着什么东西重新上场。
44．Once they have polished their skills，some of his students go on to become quite well known themselves.
一旦他们完善了技能，他的一些学生便会继续下去，直到自己变得非常出名。
45．So，if you want to try crosstalk lessons，why not study with a real old master?
因此，如果你想尝试一下相声课，为什么不跟随一名真正的相声大师学习呢？
匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．invisible A．暖和舒适的，惬意的
2．bench B．情节背景；场景；环境
3．setting C．看不见的；无形的
4．textbook D．教科书；课本
5．cosy E．长凳，长椅
答案 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.D 5.A
[第二组]
6．invitation A．在……旁边；与……一起
7．alongside B．拥挤的
8．crowded C．城堡；堡垒
9．castle D．邀请
10．armchair E．扶手椅
答案 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.E
[第三组]
11．yell A．怒，怒火，怒气
12．pile B．貌似官方的
13．official-looking C．鞠躬；低头；(使)弯曲
14．anger D．摞；垛；堆
15．bow E．叫喊，大喊，吼叫
答案 11.E 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C
[第四组]
16．dash A．空手；一无所获
17．tear B．猛冲；突然出现；爆裂
18．burst C．急奔，急驰，猛冲
19．empty-handed D．撕，扯
20．glare E．怒目而视；发出炫目的光
答案 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.E
Step 1 Fastreading
True(T) or False(F)．
1．There are six students in the play of “The invisible bench”．(F)
2．The play “The invisible bench” happened in a park.(T)
3．When Mike moved the bench，all of them fell down immediately.(F)
4．The King’s important paper is the newspaper.(F)
5．It is Servant who gives the King his important paper.(T)
Step 2 Carefulreading
1．What is Mike doing?
A．He is having supper in the courtyard.
B．He is talking with one of his best friends.
C．He is sitting on an invisible bench.
D．He is teaching his son English.
答案 C
2．All of the people EXCEPT pretend to sit on an invisible bench.
A．Tony B．Paula
C．Cathy D．Ann
答案 D
3．How many characters are there in the play “The invisible bench”？
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案 D
4．Why does Mike get up and walk away?
A．Because Ann invites him out.
B．Because he hates sitting with Paula.
C．Because the bench gets too crowded.
D．Because he finds another comfortable bench.
答案 C
5．Where does the story “The important papers” take place?
A．In a park.
B．In the post office.
C．In the King’s castle.
D．In the King’s study.
答案 C
6．Which statement is TRUE according to the story “The important papers”？
A．All the servants are lazy.
B．The King must be mad.
C．The servants don’t obey the King’s orders.
D．This is just a joke.
答案 D
7．What can we infer from the story “The important papers”？
A．The King is going to the toilet.
B．The King must be drunk.
C．All the servants will be fired.
D．The Queen knows what kind of paper the King wants.
答案 A
Step 3 Postreading
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
Title The 2.invisible bench The important papers
Characters Mike，Tony，Cathy，Paula and Ann The King，the Queen and Servant
1.Setting A park The King’s castle
Plots •Mike 3.pretends to be sitting on a bench that can’t be seen.
•Tony would like to join Mike，and Mike moves over as if to make room for him.
•Other students come one after another，4.joining Mike and Tony.
•The bench becomes so 5.crowded that Mike is annoyed.
•After knowing Mike has moved the bench，the other three students 6.fall to the ground. •The King shouts and 7.orders Servant to bring some important papers.
Servant comes back with a pile of official-looking papers，then a newspaper and a magazine，but 8.none is what the King wants.
•The King sits 9.uncomfortably in his chair，but the Queen doesn’t know what he wants，either.
•Finally，Servant 10.figures/finds out what the King wants is just a roll of toilet paper.
重点词汇
It got too crowded，so I moved the bench.
它太拥挤了，所以我移动了这张长椅。
crowded adj.拥挤的
※be crowded with挤满了
※crowd n．人群；观众 v．拥挤；挤满
a crowd of一群；一伙；一堆
crowds of成群的……；许多……
follow the crowd随大流
(1)The hall was crowded with people and seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，he was too nervous to know what to say.(crowd)
大厅里挤满了人，当他看到舞台下面如此多的观众，过于紧张以至于不知道说什么。
(2)In response to the enthusiasm of the crowd，the singer then sang another song.
为回应听众的热情，这位歌手接着又唱了一首歌。
[写作佳句]
(3)Today，as the world’s urban population explodes，cities become more crowded and taller.
如今，随着世界城市人口的激增，城市变得更拥挤、更高了。
[单项填空]
(4) with so many fans of the super star，the stadium is hard for us to enter.
A．Crowding B．To be crowded
C．Crowded D．Crowded out
答案 C
解析 句意为：体育馆挤满了这位明星的粉丝，对我们来说要进去是很难的。此处是形容词作状语，说明主语的状态。
tears the paper in two把报纸撕成两半
tear vt.(tore，torn)撕，扯 n．[pl.]眼泪；泪珠
tear up撕毁；撕碎(文件等)；拔起
tear apart使分裂；使分离；撕碎
tear down拆毁；拆除(建筑物、墙等)
tear sth.into/to pieces把某物撕成碎片
tear sth.in half/two将……撕成两半
in tears流泪地
move sb.to tears使某人感动得落泪
burst into tears放声大哭
(1)She was so angry that she tore up his letter and threw it away.
她是如此生气以致她把他的信撕碎扔掉了。
(2)His music has the unique ability to move the listeners to tears.
他的音乐具有独特的能力，会让听众感动得落泪。
[语境串记]
(3)The girl was so angry.Tears in her eyes，she tore the boy’s letter into pieces and dashed out，crying.
这个女孩非常生气。眼含着泪，她把男孩的信撕成了碎片，哭着冲了出去。
[巧学助记]
[单项填空]
(4)A lot of buildings along the road will be to make room for the new highway.
A．torn away B．torn down
C．torn up D．torn apart
答案 B
解析 句意为：沿路的许多建筑将被拆除以便为新公路腾地方。tear down拆除，符合句意。tear away依依不舍地离开；tear up撕毁，撕碎(文件等)，拔起；tear apart使分裂，撕碎。
Servant bursts in，next to Queen，emptyhanded and looking worried.
仆人冲上舞台，来到王后身边，两手空空，神色焦虑。
burst in闯进，突然闯入
burst into闯入/闯进……；突然……起来
burst into laughter＝burst out laughing突然大笑起来
burst into tears＝burst out crying突然大哭起来
burst out突然激动地喊叫
burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支
[一句多译]
(1)我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然大哭起来。
①I don’t know what it was in the novel that made him burst into tears.
②I don’t know what it was in the novel that made him burst out crying.
(2)听到这，全班哄堂大笑，我同桌的脸变红了。
①Hearing this，the whole class burst out laughing，and my deskmate’s face turned red.
②Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter，and my deskmate’s face turned red.
[误区释疑]
※burst的过去式和过去分词同原形。
※burst into和burst out都含有“突然……”的意思，burst into后面多接名词，burst out后面多接v.-ing形式。
[单项填空]
(3)All Chinese watching TV cheers when they heard the news that China would build space station soon.
A．broke out B．burst into
C．burst in D．burst out
答案 B
解析 句意为：当听到中国不久要建太空站的消息时，所有正在看电视的中国人都突然欢呼起来。break out爆发，发生；burst into突然……起来(后跟名词)；burst in闯入；burst out突然……起来(后跟动名词)。burst into cheers突然欢呼起来，符合题意。故选B项。
He glares at Queen.他怒视着王后。
glare vi.怒目而视；闪耀；发出炫目的光 n．强光；怒视
glare at对……怒目而视
(1)The sun glared out of the blue sky.
太阳从蓝天中发出耀眼的光。
(2)Why are you glaring at me?
你为什么怒视着我？
[易混辨析] glare，look，gaze，stare，glance
※glare(由于愤怒而)瞪着或怒视。
※look看着(没有任何感情色彩)。
※gaze(由于兴趣、感慨、喜欢或惊奇而)目不转睛地看，凝视。
※stare(由于好奇、无礼、傲慢而)睁大眼睛凝望，盯着或瞪着看。
※glance快速地看某人或某物一眼。
[单项填空]
(3)It is impolite for us to foreigners on public occasions，which will in turn make them you.
A．stare at；glare at
B．look at；gaze at
C．observe；glance at
D．glare at；watch
答案 A
解析 句意为：在公共场合盯着外国人看是不礼貌的，那样会遭到外国人的怒视。stare at 凝视，盯住(眼前的事物或人)；glare at怒视；gaze at凝视；observe观察；glance at扫视；watch观看，浏览。根据句意选A项。
holds out a roll of toilet paper递过来一卷卫生纸
hold out伸出；递出；拿出；(食物等)维持；坚持；抵抗；抱有(希望)
；提供机会
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中hold out的汉语意思
(1)They held out the hand of friendship to me.伸出
(2)He walked to her and held out a small bouquet of wild flowers.递出
(3)He held out some papers and looked through them.拿出
(4)We must hold out.We mustn’t be frightened by the difficulties.坚持
(5)Do you know how long our supply of gas will hold out？维持
hold on等一下；别挂断(电话)；紧紧抓住；坚持下去
hold on to抓紧，不放开；守住，保住
hold back阻挡；隐瞒；抑制
hold up举起；延误；耽搁；抢劫
(6)We should hold on/out in face of hardships.
在困难面前我们应该坚持。
(7)My father said that if we believed something was true，we should hold on to it.
父亲说如果我们相信某事是真的，我们就应该坚持。
(8)The train was held up by heavy fog yesterday.
昨天，火车因为大雾而延误了。
(9)She smiled and could not hold back tears of joy.
她笑了起来，禁不住流下喜悦的眼泪。
[单项填空]
(10)To discourage the young man from quitting the job，the manager many promises like salary increase and quick promotion.(2018•镇江高二期末)
A．held out B．held up
C．held on D．held back
答案 A
解析 句意为：为了阻止那个年轻人辞职，经理给出了许多承诺，诸如涨工资和快速晋升。hold out拿出，提供机会，使有可能；hold up举起，耽搁；hold on坚持下去，等一下，别挂断电话；hold back阻挡，抑制，隐瞒。根据句意可知选A。
经典句式
Of course.(moves over as if to make room for Tony)
当然。(挪了挪，好像是要为托尼腾出地方)
※此句中的as if to make room for Tony是省略形式，其完整形式为as if he is to make room for Tony。当as if/though从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语含有be动词时，从句可以省略主语及be动词。
※as if/though引导的从句是用虚拟语气，还是用陈述语气，应该根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示真实情况，用陈述语气；如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反，或者纯粹是一种假设，通常用虚拟语气。①与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。②与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。③与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。
(1)Mrs Brown opened her mouth slowly as if to say something to her son.
布朗太太慢慢地张开嘴，好像要对她的儿子说点什么。
(2)He quickly ran back home，looking as if there was(be) something wrong with him.
他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什么事不对劲。
(3)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it?
是约翰打破的窗户，你为什么这样对我说话，好像是我干的一样？
[单项填空]
(4)John stepped on the stage without hesitation he had been preparing for this moment all his life.
A．even if B．as if
C．as soon as D．as long as
答案 B
解析 句意为：约翰毫不犹豫地走上舞台，好像他一生都在为这一刻做准备。even if即使；as if好像；as soon as一……就……；as long as只要。B项符合语境。
No.I must have forgotten to tell you.
对。我一定是忘记告诉你们了。
must have done表示对过去做过的事情的肯定推测，意为“(过去)肯定做过某事”；该结构的其他变化形式还有：
※must be doing sth.表示说话人主观推测某人(此时)肯定正在做某事。
※must be＋n./adj./adv.表示“一定是……”。
(1)He knows much about France.He must have been there.他对法国了解很多，他肯定去过那儿。
(2)He is not here.He must be playing football outside.他不在这儿，他一定正在外面踢足球。
(3)You look like each other.You must be twins.
你们长得很像，肯定是双胞胎。
[误区释疑]
该句型的反义疑问句，其后半部分要根据前半句的具体时间状语来确定。对已经发生的过去的情况的推测，若陈述句的谓语部分有must have done，而且有过去的时间状语，问句部分用didn’t；若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用haven’t或者hasn’t；如果句子中有表示过去完成时的时间状语，问句部分应该用hadn’t。
[完成句子] 完成下列句子的反义疑问句
(4)He must have read the book yesterday，didn’t he?
(5)She must have been to Shanghai，hasn’t she?
(6)They must be watching TV now at home，aren’t they?
[单项填空]
(7)—Why didn’t Sarah attend the meeting yesterday?
—I have no idea.She the wrong time for the meeting.
A．must have got B．might have got
C．should get D．would get
答案 B
解析 句意为：——为什么昨天萨拉没有来参加会议？——
我不知道。她可能得到了错误的开会时间。might have done 表示推测，可能已经做了某事，故选B。
(8)I can’t find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday，but I’m not sure.
(2018•江苏)
A．should leave B．must have left
C．might leave D．could have left
答案 D
解析 句意为：我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知，空格处是对过去发生的事情的推测，需用“情态动词＋have done”，B、D两项符合；再根据句中的“but I’m not sure”排除B项“一定落在”，故选D项。若C项改为might have left，也是正确的。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With a final burst(猛冲) of speed she overtook the leading runner and won the race.
2．The earth will be very crowded and there will be little room for each person in the near future.
3．The Japanese bow(鞠躬) to each other when they meet.
4．Some boys dashed(急奔) out of the classroom as soon as the class ended.
5．In China，it is regarded as impolite to visit someone empty-handed(空手的)．
6．They were always dropping by，usually without invitation(邀请)．
7．Don’t pull the pages so hard or you will tear(撕破) them.
8．I felt warm and cosy(暖和舒适的) sitting by the fire.
9．He was filled with anger(怒气) at the way he had been treated.
10．He waited several minutes for a car to pull up alongside(在……旁边)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
go on，glare at，hold out，make room for，burst in
11．Please step aside a little to make room for me.
12．We didn’t say anything，but stood there glaring at each other.
13．The door was burst open，and an angry man burst in.
14．As time went on，she grew prettier.
15．We were short of water but could hold out for another day.
Ⅲ.完成句子
16．The girl listened carefully as if she had been turned into a stone(好像她已经变成一块石头)．
17．I’ll look at your plan and reply as soon as possible/as soon as I can(尽快)．
18．They must have finished(肯定已经完成) the task by the end of last week，hadn’t they?
19．Great changes have taken place in the city since 1990.It has taken on a new look(已经呈现新面貌)．
20．The man was walking on the street，with a book under his arm(腋下夹着一本书)．
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The train goes at 10:15.I think we shall make it.
2．Hardly had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying(cry)．
3．To the scientist’s great delight，he received the invitation(invite) to his student’s wedding ceremony.
4．The couple glared at each other，ready to quarrel.
5．In crowded(crowd) places the police should not discharge their weapons.
6．He behaved as if he had been(be) to the Mars.
7．You should hold on to your old house，which will get more valuable in the near future.
8．After waving good-bye to her parents，she left in tears(tear)．
9．Judging from his happy look，he must have passed the exam.
10．I made a dash for the front door but he got there before me.
Ⅱ.单项填空
11．At the beginning of the class，the teacher asked the students to recite the text taught in the last lesson before they their textbooks.
A．held up B．held out
C．held on D．held down
答案 B
解析 句意为：刚上课，在学生们拿出课本之前，老师让他们背诵上一节课所学的课文。hold up举起，耽搁；hold on抓住不放，坚持下去，等一下；hold down制止，控制，缩减；hold out拿出，递出，维持，坚持。根据句意可知选B。
12．To the shock of the girl，her father was so angry that he her examination paper into pieces.
A．broke B．smashed
C．tore D．cracked
答案 C
解析 句意为：令这个女孩震惊的是，她爸爸如此生气以至于把她的试卷撕成了碎片。tear ...into pieces把……撕成碎片，符合句意。break打碎；smash猛击，打碎；crack破裂。
13．The mother was trembling with anger.She her son and said nothing.
A．gazed at B．stared at
C．glared at D．fixed on
答案 C
解析 句意为：这位母亲气得浑身哆嗦，她怒视着儿子，什么也没说。根据句意应该是“怒视着(glare at)”。gaze at目不转睛地看，凝视；stare at盯着看，凝视；fix on集中注意力于。故C项正确。
14．The host family treat me as though I a member of the family.
A．am B．were
C．would D．should be
答案 B
解析 句意为：我寄宿的那一家人对待我就好像我是他们家庭的一员。既然是寄宿家庭，就不可能是其家庭成员，故此处是虚拟语气，由题干可知是对现在的虚拟，所以要用be动词were。
15．With all the books he was interested in ，Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.(2018•徐州高三考前信息卷)
A．buying B．to be bought
C．bought D．to buy
答案 C
解析 句意为：买完所有他感兴趣的书，汤姆十分满意地离开了书店。books和buy之间是逻辑上的被动关系；根据语境可知，buy这个动作已经完成，故用过去分词形式。
16．Leaving the car unlocked，as many careless people do in their daily life，is just an open to thieves.(2018•江苏镇江高二期末)
A．appreciation B．invitation
C．motivation D．reception
答案 B
解析 句意为：就像许多粗心的人在日常生活中那样，车不上锁是对小偷的一个公开邀请。appreciation欣赏；invitation邀请；motivation动机；reception接待。
17． to a task calls for perseverance and concentration，if you wish for the final success.
(2018•江苏海安高二期末)
A．Committed B．Committing
C．Being committed D．To be committed
答案 C
解析 句意为：如果你希望获得最终的成功，致力于一项工作就需要毅力和专注。分析句子，本句缺少主语，故用动名词形式。be committed to＝commit oneself to致力于。故选C项。
18．The ship was so small that the captain had to refuse to more passengers for the sake of safety.(2018•江苏海安高二期末)
A．take on B．take up
C．take off D．take in
答案 A
解析 句意为：这艘船太小了，为了安全起见，船长不得不拒绝搭载更多的乘客。take on接纳，装载，符合题意。
19．With no money and existing loans unpaid，many a bank closed overnight during the financial crisis.(2018•江苏海安高二期末)
A．to lend；going B．lending；gone
C．to lend；gone D．lending；going
答案 A
解析 句意为：没有钱来发放贷款以及放出的贷款未被归还，在经济危机期间，许多银行一夜之间破产。本题考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构。第一空用动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；第二空loans和go 是主动关系，故用现在分词表示主动和正在进行的动作。
20．With the clock fixed on the wall，students in our city are accustomed the watches in the exams.(2018•江苏海安高二期末)
A．not to wear B．to not wear
C．to not wearing D．not to wearing
答案 C
解析 be accustomed to doing sth.习惯于做某事。其否定结构为be accustomed to not doing sth.。故选C项。
能力提升
Ⅲ.完形填空
We all have to deal with our negative feelings regularly.It’s very 21 not to let negative feelings direct our life.I’m sure we all sometimes have some internal 22 ，where the positive person in our mind says we can do it， 23 the negative person keeps telling that we can’t.If we don’t do anything to 24 those negative feelings，the negative person in our mind will eventually force us to act according to our negative feelings.That’s 25 I try to practice positive self-talk every day.My favorite phrases are：“I can do it.I am the best. 26 can stop me！” By saying these words to myself，I have developed the 27 to do more things I’m afraid to do but necessary for my success.
I was scared of public 28 before.I remember three years ago I went to a big 29 which gathered about 500 people.The speech was really 30 and it made my blood boiled.I wanted to raise my hand to ask a question，but I was 31 that hundreds of people would look at me and say，“That’s a 32 question.Why did you even ask？” My heart was beating fast and my hands were 33 .I really wanted to ask a question，which I knew would 34 me a lot.However my negative feeling kept saying，“Don’t ask.Just sit there and watch.It’s more 35 that way.” And to control it，I repeated to myself that I CAN DO IT! And at last I 36 it and it was such a breakthrough in my life!
Everyone has the gift to do something different.We must 37 ourselves.Do self-talk every morning to pump(打气) ourselves up.Every day when we 38 up and jump out of our bed，stand straight and raise our arms high，and then repeat several times with 39 ，“I feel happy，I feel healthy and I am the best！” 40 this exercise in the morning and see how it helps you go through the rest of your days.
语篇解读 每天进行一些积极的自我对话去鼓励自己，这能帮助我们战胜自己的消极情绪，克服每天的困难。
21．A.easy B．important
C．hard D．lucky
答案 B
解析 通读全文可知，不让消极情绪支配我们的生活是非常重要的(important)。
22．A.strength B．beauty
C．conversations D．problems
答案 C
解析 根据下文“where the positive person in our mind says we can do it， the negative person keeps telling that we can’t”可知，有时候我们每个人都会在头脑中进行自我对话(conversation)。头脑中积极的自我说我们能够做到，头脑中消极的自我则告诉我们不能。
23．A.and B．or
C．but D．as
答案 C
解析 参考上题解析。前后句为转折关系，故用but连接。
24．A.control B．avoid
C．understand D．study
答案 A
解析 根据下文“the negative person in our mind will eventually force us to act according to our negative feelings”可知，如果我们不能控制(control)消极情绪，消极的自我最终将迫使我们依照消极情绪去行事。
25．A.when B．how
C．where D．why
答案 D
解析 根据上一句可知，这就是为什么(why)我每天努力练习积极的自我对话。
26．A.Nothing B．Anything
C．Everything D．Something
答案 A
解析 根据上文“I can do it.I am the best.”可知，作者进行积极自我对话时最喜欢说的是：“我能够做到。我是最棒的。没有什么(nothing)可以阻挡我。”
27．A.skill B．experience
C．chance D．courage
答案 D
解析 根据空后的“to do more things I’m afraid to do”可知，作者培养了勇气(courage)去做他害怕做但有必要做的事情。
28．A.singing B．speaking
C．performing D．reading
答案 B
解析 根据下文“I wanted to raise my hand to ask a question”及“And at last I it and it was such a breakthrough in my life！”可知，作者以前害怕在公共场合讲话(speak)。
29．A.conference B．party
C．exhibition D．show
答案 A
解析 根据下文“The speech was really ...”可知，作者记得三年前他参加了一次聚集了大约五百人的大型会议(conference)。
30．A.interesting B．encouraging
C．long D．boring
答案 B
解析 根据下文“it made my blood boiled”可知，演讲令人非常振奋(encouraging)，让作者热血沸腾。
31．A.frightened B．sure
C．angry D．surprised
答案 A
解析 根据下文“My heart was beating fast...”
可知，作者想要举手问问题，但是他害怕(frightened)别人会质疑他。因此作者的心跳动得很快。
32．A.special B．funny
C．foolish D．great
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Why did you even ask？”可知，作者害怕别人会说这是一个愚蠢的(foolish)问题，你为什么要问它。
33．A.moving B．waving
C．clapping D．shaking
答案 D
解析 根据上文“My heart was beating fast”可知，由于害怕，作者心跳加速，手也在颤抖。
34．A.bother B．benefit
C．touch D．hurt
答案 B
解析 根据上文“I really wanted to ask a question”可知，作者很想问一个问题，这个问题会让他受益(benefit)良多。
35．A.polite B．friendly
C．helpful D．comfortable
答案 D
解析 根据上文“Just sit there and watch.”可知，坐在那观看就好。这样更舒服(comfortable)。
36．A.proved B．accepted
C．made D．lost
答案 C
解析 最后作者成功做到了(make it)，即问了自己想问的问题。这对他来说是人生中的一次突破。
37．A.praise B．excuse
C．trust D．change
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Everyone has the gift to do something different.”可知，每个人都有天赋去做一些不同的事情。我们必须相信(trust)自己。
38．A.grow B．stay
C．give D．wake
答案 D
解析 根据下文“jump out of our bed”可知，我们每天早晨醒来(wake up)，从床上跳下来。
39．A.hesitation B．confidence
C．fear D．action
答案 B
解析 我们自信满满地(with confidence)重复自我对话。
40．A.Try B．Learn
C．Remember D．Obey
答案 A
解析 每天早晨尝试(try)这种练习，看一看它是如何帮你度过接下来的日子的。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Some time ago I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg.I didn’t think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended，as there were a whole lot of antique shops near my home.So I left home one morning carrying the chair with me.I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception.I was quite wrong.The man wouldn’t even look at my chair.
The second shop，though slightly more polite，was just the same，and the third and the fourth—so I decided that my approach must be wrong.
I entered the fifth shop with a plan in my mind.I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper，“Would you like to buy a chair？” He looked it over carefully and said，“Yes，not a bad chair.How much do you want for it，sir？”“Twenty pounds，” I said.“OK，”he said，“I’ll give you twenty pounds.”“It’s got a slightly broken leg，” I said.“Yes，I saw that，it’s nothing.”
Everything was going according to plan and I was getting excited.“What will you do with it？” I asked.“Oh，it will be easy to sell once the repair is done.”“I’ll buy it，” I said.“What do you mean？You’ve just sold it to me，” he said.“Yes，I know but I’ve changed my mind.I am sorry.I’ll give you twenty-seven pounds for it.”“You must be crazy，” he said.Then，suddenly the penny dropped.“I know what you want.You want me to repair your chair.” “You’re right，” I said.“And what would you have done if I had walked in and said，‘Would you mend this chair for me？’” “I wouldn’t have agreed to do it，” he said.“We don’t do repairs，not enough money in it and too much trouble.But I’ll mend this for you，shall we say for a fiver (five pounds)？”He was a very nice man and was greatly amused(感到有趣) by the whole thing.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了作者去古董店修理一把坏了一条腿的椅子，但连续遭到了几家店员的婉拒，后来，作者通过一个聪明的办法修好椅子的有趣故事。
41．We can learn from the text that in the first shop the writer .
A．was rather impolite
B．was warmly received
C．asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair
D．asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第一段可知，作者的椅子的一条腿坏掉了，准备拿到附近的古董店去修理，因此他去第一家店是想让别人帮他修椅子。故选D。
42．The underlined word “approach” in the second paragraph means “ ”．
A．plan for dealing with things
B．decision to sell things
C．idea of repairing things
D．way of doing things
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。由前两段可知，作者修椅子时遇到困难，作者认为自己做事的方法不对。故选D。
43．The underlined expression “the penny dropped” in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper .
A．changed his mind
B．accepted the offer
C．saw the writer’s purpose
D．decided to help the writer
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段，我改变之前的方法，进入古董店，先说自己在卖椅子，后来跟老板商量，再买回修理好的椅子。而在我说出自己要买回修理好的椅子的时候，老板发现了我的真实意图。故选C。
44．From the text，we can learn that the writer was .
A．honest B．careful
C．smart D．funny
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。文章前面讲到我开始跟老板讲要修椅子，第一家、第二家，甚至第三家、第四家，都没有人愿意帮我修理，后来，我改变方法，先跟古董店老板说要卖椅子，再买回修理好的椅子，这样就可以把椅子修好，故表现了作者的聪明。故选C。
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2019•河南正阳高中高三检测)
A Brief Introduction of Chinese Painting
Chinese Painting has the history of more than 2000 years.Chinese painting possesses three major kinds of subjects，including birds and flowers，figures and landscapes of the countryside，mountains and sea.Chinese painting is also 45 (close) related to the art of fine handwriting 46 (call) calligraphy.Chinese painters use black ink 47 (produce) different tones and a brush to make many kinds of lines.Even 48 they add color，the ink drawing remains the basic of the design.In judging paintings，the Chinese pay more attention to the brushwork than to 49 subject.
Chinese painting，also known as the traditional national painting，has its unique and 50 (dependence) system in the world’s fine arts field.The traditional subjects are figures，landscapes，flowers and birds.They are divided 51 two different styles：one is Gong bi，or meticulous painting，and this traditional realistic style features the fine brushwork and close attention to detail；The other is Xie yi，or impressionist painting，and its style 52 (characterize) by vivid expression and bold and powerful outlines.The 53 (form) of painting include wall paintings，screens，album and fan covers.There 54 (be) also unique decoration and paper hanging skill for paintings.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国画。
45．答案 closely
解析 考查词性转换。此处修饰动词短语be related to，需用副词。
46．答案 called
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处先行词handwriting 与动词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
47．答案 to produce
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：中国画家用黑色的墨来创作
不同的色调。此处用动词不定式表目的。
48．答案 when
解析 考查连词。句意为：甚至当他们增添色彩时，墨水仍然是设计的基本。根据句意可知此处用when引导时间状语从句。
49．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。分析句子结构，前面用to the brushwork，此处与前面对等，所以此处用定冠词the。
50．答案 independent
解析 考查词性转换及反义词。句意为：中国画，也被称为民族传统绘画，在世界美术领域中有其独特的和独立的系统。由and前的unique可知此处应用形容词形式，并且根据句意可知此处需用dependence的形容词形式的反义词。
51．答案 into
解析 考查介词。此处be divided into...意为“被划分为……”，是固定搭配。
52．答案 is characterized
解析 考查动词的语态。句意为：另一种是写意，即印象派绘画，其风格以生动的表达和大胆有力的轮廓来刻画。根据句意可知此处主语与动词之间为被动关系。
53．答案 forms
解析 考查名词的单复数。根据本句中的谓语动词include可知此处主语为复数，故填forms。
54．答案 is
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知there be句型的谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词 skill 来决定，且本文是对一般情况的描述，所以用is。
Ⅵ.微写作
写作素材 (关于喜剧表演)
1．昨天在拥挤的剧院我观看了由著名喜剧演员在舞台上表演的单口喜剧。
2．我钟爱娱乐性的表演。
3．娱乐性的表演对健康有积极的作用。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Yesterday I watched the stand-up performed by a famous comedian on the stage in the crowded theatre. I have affection for the amusing performance，which has a positive effect on health.
Period Five Grammar—Non-predicate verbs (Ⅰ)
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．People have always enjoyed laughing，and there has always been humour.
2．Stand-up is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.
3．A stand-up comedian may tease an audience member，or might decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes.
4．He says it is because when he started practising stand-up as a child，he told himself jokes while standing in front of the mirror，brushing his teeth.
5．They could only see him standing there moving his lips.
6．Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.
7．To be a good actor，you need to know the vocabulary used on stage.
8．The most famous are the Canadian Mark Roswell，known in China as Dashan，and David Moser(Mo Dawei) from the USA.
1．以上各句中，非谓语动词作主语的是：句6；非谓语动词作宾语的是：句1,4。
2．以上各句中，非谓语动词在句中作方式状语是：句3；非谓语动词作伴随状语且该非谓语动词表示主动和正在进行的动作的是句4。
3．句5中宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系。
4．从句2中可以看出，现在分词在句中作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在主动关系；从句7,8中可以看出过去分词在句中作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在被动关系。
一、非谓语动词的句法功能
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语动词可在句中作主语、宾语、补语、表语、定语和状语。
成分
形式 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
二、非谓语动词作主语
1．不定式作主语
(1)不定式作主语表示某一次的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常用单数。
To hesitate means failure.
犹豫不决就意味着失败。
To know everything is to know nothing.
样样皆通，样样稀松。
To smoke so much is not very good for you.
抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式后置。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible.
提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
(3)不定式的逻辑主语通常用for/of sb.表示，常用于“It is＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.”结构。
It’s difficult for us to finish the work.
对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。
It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem.
你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
[温馨提示] 若形容词是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for；若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of。
2．动名词作主语
(1)动名词作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
Having seen a lot of the world in one’s youth is a good thing.年轻时多见见世面是件好事。
Being laughed at in public is what you will never want to happen to you.
被当众嘲笑是你永远不想发生在自己身上的事情。
(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。动名词位于句末时常用it作形式主语。常见句型有：
It is＋adj.(good，funny，nice，difficult，worthwhile，interesting...)＋动名词It is no use/no good/a waste of time...＋动名词
It is no use waiting here.
在这儿等无济于事。
It is worthwhile spending some time doing this job.
花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。
注意：动名词作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语。
His leaving is a great loss.
他的离开是一个巨大的损失。
三、非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you got anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you got anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：
①不定式表将来
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
②用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词。
He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。
③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
你具备英语读写的能力吗？
I have no chance to go sightseeing.
我没有机会外出观光。
2．分词作定语
(1)现在分词作定语：作定语的现在分词，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。
①单个分词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词的前面，分词短语作定语通常放在所修饰的名词的后面。
Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
保持安静，别惊醒睡觉的小孩。
If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets，they are United Nations peacekeepers.
如果你看见戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。
②现在分词的一般式(doing)作定语，表示主动、进行的动作；现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)作定语，表示被动、进行的动作。
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。
The bridge being repaired will be in use next month.
正在修缮的大桥将于下个月使用。
[温馨提示] 动名词作定语往往表示某种用途，而不是正在进行着的动作，如a walking stick拐杖，a reading room阅览室。
(2)过去分词作定语：作定语的过去分词与所修饰词之间是被动关系。表示被动或完成的动作。
The house built last year has become our lab.
去年建的那座房子已经成了我们的实验室。
English is now an international language，spoken by about 750 million people.
英语现在是一门国际语言，约有7.5亿人说英语。
3．不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语时的区别：
不定式的一般被动式(to be done)表示将来的被动动作；过去分词(done)表示被动或完成的动作；现在分词的一般被动式(being done)表示被动、进行的动作。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？
Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students.
听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.
明天将要在会上讨论的这个问题非常重要。
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1．一般情况下，不定式作宾补常表示动作是将来发生的，现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行，而过去分词作宾补常表示被动含义。
The children asked their parents to take them to the park.孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。
Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然他听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
When they got there，they found the house burnt down.
当他们到那儿时，发现房子已被烧毁。
2．感官动词，如see，watch，observe，notice，hear，feel及部分表示“使”“让”的使役动词，如have，make，let后跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to要加上。
Though he had often made his sister cry，today he was made to cry by his sister.
尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，今天他却被他妹妹弄哭了。
[温馨提示] 感官动词后跟分词和动词不定式作宾补的区别：如果感官动词后的宾语和宾补之间是主动关系或表示正在进行的动作，则用现在分词；如果是主动关系又表示全过程时，则用省略to的动词不定式；如果是被动关系，且动作已经完成，则用过去分词。
I saw him enter the hall.我看见他进了大厅。
I saw him walking into the hall.我看见他正走进大厅。
I saw him punished by his father.
我看见他受到父亲的惩罚。
1．I didn’t mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help it.(2018•天津，12)
A．to eat；to try B．eating；trying
C．eating；to try D．to eat；trying
答案 D
解析 句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth.意味着做某事；can’t help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事；can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事。
2． along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018•北京，3)
A．Travel B．Traveling
C．Having traveled D．Traveled
答案 B
解析 分析句子结构，本句缺少主语。选项中只有B项能作主语。如果动词作句子的主语，只能由不定式或动名词来充当。C项常用来作状语，表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。
3．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .
(2018•天津，7)
A．taking B．taken
C．being taken D．take
答案 B
解析 句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去拍照。本题考查have sth.done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让……被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。
4．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train .(2017•天津，10)
A．catching B．caught
C．to catch D．to be caught
答案 C
解析 句意为：整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，故选C。
5．Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.
(2017•北京，32)
A．to spend B．spend
C．spending D．spent
答案 D
解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。
6．To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.(2016•浙江，10)
A．having conducted B．to be conducted
C．conducting D．conducted
答案 D
解析 句意为：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动词，且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。
7．In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.(2016•江苏，28)
A．to hide B．hidden
C．hiding D．being hidden
答案 B
解析 句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。
8． the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015•安徽，27)
A．Ignore B．Ignoring
C．Ignored D．Having ignored
答案 B
解析 句意为：忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。分析句子结构可知，will be的前面部分是主语，因此用动名词短语作主语。这里表达一般情况，因此不用完成式。故选B。
9．Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it live is quite another.(2015•浙江，18)
A．perform B．performing
C．to perform D．being performed
答案 D
解析 句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示正在被演奏，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。
10．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on
all the people who had helped in her career.(2015•陕西，17)
A．to thank B．thanking
C．having thanked D．to have thanked
答案 A
解析 句意为：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，安妮•本尼迪克特继续感谢所有曾经在她的事业中帮助过她的人。go on to do sth.继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事。此处表示拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即感谢所有帮助过她的人，所以选A。
Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.
2．This is the path leading(lead) to the school.
3．She is always the last to speak(speak) at the meeting.
4．The little girl dressed(dress) in white is Mary’s younger sister.
5．I think the best way to travel(travel) is on foot.
6．The workers were made to work(work) day and night.
7．It was foolish of you to give(give) up what you owned.
8．There’s a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again.
9．There are still many problems to be solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
10．I believe these donated(donate) books can make you more familiar with China.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．It carries some articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
它刊登着一些由外国朋友写的关于他们本国文化的文章。
12．I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.我想邀请你下周六和我们一同前往附近的敬老院陪老人过重阳节。
13．We looked forward to you becoming our neighbour.(用动名词形式)
我们盼望着你成为我们的新邻居。
14．Literary books are worth reading because they can help us to know more about the society and life.
文学类图书值得读，因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。
15．After hearing my reasons，they all agreed to my proposal.
听完我的理由后，他们都同意我的提议。
Ⅲ.用非谓语动词改写下列句子
16．The building which is being built now will be our dining hall.
→The building being built now will be our dining hall.
17．He is now in the car for sleeping.
→He is now in the sleeping car.
18．To give up smoking is right.
→It is right to give up smoking.
19．Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise.
→Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.
20．The commander gave orders that we should cross the river.
→The commander ordered us to cross the river.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The old man often does some walking to strengthen(strength) his body.
2．He likes reading some articles about fitness(fit)．
3．Her participation(participate) in the activity made the chairman satisfied.
4．Everyone at the meeting was laughing at her foolishness(foolish)．
5．It’s only a small improvement，but at least it’s a step in the right direction(direct)．
6．I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long，but it’ll still be some time before Brain gets back.
7．A bit more efforts，I think，and the problems could be settled.
8．We can’t guarantee to offer(offer) you a good job when you get there.
9．You were supposed to turn(turn) up at 8:00，but you were late.
10．Someone drove the car away in the night.
Ⅱ.单项填空
11．—I must apologize for ahead of time.
—That’s all right.(2018•江苏盐城伍佑中学高二检测)
A．letting you not know
B．not letting you know
C．letting you know not
D．letting not you know
答案 B
解析 apologize for not doing sth.因为没做某事而道歉。故选B项。
12．With efforts conservation，we may believe that people enjoy a healthy life without the environment around them suffering.
A．focused on B．focusing on
C．focus on D．to focus on
答案 A
解析 分析句子结构可知，这里是with的复合结构作状语， efforts和focus之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式作宾补。故选A项。
13．He would rather lectures to the students than to different boring conferences.
A．to give；be invited
B．give；be invited
C．giving；be invited
D．giving；being invited
答案 B
解析 would rather后跟动词原形，than后的内容与前面为平行结构，即would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿……而不愿……。
14．I always cannot help people in trouble a hand.But I am so busy today that I can’t help the work for you.
A．to give；to do B．giving；doing
C．give；do D．giving；do
答案 D
解析 句意为：我总是情不自禁地帮助处于困难中的人们，但我今天很忙，不能帮你工作了。cannot help doing sth.情不自禁做某事；cannot help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事。
15． from the Song Dynasty，the Confucian Temple of Nanjing has now developed into a famous scenic spot， sightseeing，shopping and tasty foods.
A．Having dated；featured
B．Dating；featuring
C．Dating；having featured
D．Dated；featuring
答案 B
解析 分析句子，date from/date back to没有被动语态，故用现在分词；scenic spot与feature之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故选B项。
16．The man was asleep in the grassland with his sheep to a tree.
A．to tie B．tie
C．tying D．tied
答案 D
解析 句意为：这个人在草地上睡着了，他的羊被拴在一棵树上。his sheep与tie构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故选D。
17．In this library，you can use your own computer to connect to Wi-Fi specially for readers.(2018•常熟高二期中)
A．preparing B．to prepare
C．prepared D．prepare
答案 C
解析 句意为：在这个图书馆，你可以用你自己的电脑来连接专为读者准备的无线网。Wi-Fi与prepare是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
18．While waiting for the opportunity to get ，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A．promote B．promoted
C．promoting D．to promote
答案 B
解析 句意为：当等待机会升职的时候，亨利尽最大努力履行职责。这里使用了get done结构，表示被动关系，故选B。
19．A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending，but the readers must not be left .
A．unsatisfied B．unsatisfying
C．to be unsatisfying D．being unsatisfied
答案 A
解析 本题考查“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，分词和不定式都可作该结构的补语；但根据题意可知此处应为“使某人感到不满意”，故应用过去分词形式的形容词unsatisfied作补语。
20．—Who won the election for mayor?
—A man to represent every minority group in the city.
A．claiming B．claims
C．is claimed D．having claimed
答案 A
解析 句意为：——谁赢得了市长选举？——一个宣称代表这个城市的每一个少数群体(利益)的人。主语a man与claim之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语修饰a man。
能力提升
Ⅲ.完形填空
I never looked up when my friends were talking and joking about the retarded(智障的) boy a few tables away.It didn’t even cross my mind that he might feel 21 when people whispered about him.So I just let them talk.
Then came the day when I learned my little brother Martin’s testing for autism(自闭症) came out positive(阳性)．I had never thought about him like that.I broke 22 ，crying.
Everything had just changed.He was no longer a(n) 23 little boy.
Over time，I was able to accept his 24 a little more.We had to 25 because Martin needed treatment.So Martin and I both started at a new school.One day，I was standing in the bus line waiting when a “short” bus (for the retarded) came and 26 up some kids.The children in the other line started making 27 about the “retarded” on that bus and I felt a 28 feeling in my heart.I said quietly that those comments weren’t very nice， 29 no one listened.
My family moved again.In the new school I got a 30 to speak up pretty soon.That day，in a band class，my teacher 31 our playing to make some comments，“...Guys，we’re playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on！” The entire room was laughing loudly.I felt very 32 .Then，I raised my hand.I wasn’t sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard.
The whole class 33 down.My mouth opened and this came out：“I don’t think we should make fun of the short bus，because there are people on that bus who have a lot in common with us and have the same feelings as we do.” I could feel my 34 getting louder.“So I would 35 it if you didn’t make fun of them.”
The room was very quiet and everyone stared at me.My teacher 36 for his words and then started the song again.At the end of the class，everyone was giving me strange looks.But I didn’t 37 ，because I knew three things：I had spoken the 38 ，I had taught everyone something，and while everyone in the classroom was being a follower，I had 39 to take a different path since I wanted to become a 40 and a role model.
语篇解读 当我弟弟被诊断出自闭症后，我才意识到不应该取笑那些有智障的人，并身体力行的在课堂上纠正老师的问题，从而更加坚信自己。
21．A.amazed B．hurt
C．uncertain D．cold
答案 B
解析 amazed吃惊的；hurt受伤的；uncertain不确定的；cold冷的。句意为：当人们私下议论他时我并没有想过他可能会受到伤害。feel hurt受伤。
22．A.off B．in
C．down D．away
答案 C
解析 句意为：我从来没有想到他会这样，我崩溃了，大哭。break down崩溃；break off暂停；break in打断；break away放弃。
23．A.normal B．noisy
C．outstanding D．impressive
答案 A
解析 normal正常的；noisy吵闹的；outstanding杰出的；impressive令人印象深刻的。句意为：他不再是个正常的孩子。根据“Then came the day when I learned my little brother Martin’s testing for autism(自闭症) came out positive(阳性)．”可知，他不再是个正常的孩子。
24．A.pain B．interest
C．opinion D．illness
答案 D
解析 pain痛苦；interest兴趣；opinion意见；illness疾病。句意为：过了好久，我才能接受他的疾病。
25．A.change B．move
C．quit D．study
答案 B
解析 change改变；move移动；quit放弃；study学习。句意为：因为需要治疗我们不得不搬家。
26．A.set B．took
C．brought D．picked
答案 D
解析 set up建立；take up占据；bring up培养；pick up接人。句意为：一天，我在车站等待。这时专车来接孩子了。
27．A.jokes B．complaints
C．choices D．discoveries
答案 A
解析 joke玩笑；complaint抱怨；choice选择；discovery发现。句意为：另一排等车的孩子开始嘲笑这些智障的孩子，我心里有种奇怪的感觉。make jokes开玩笑。
28．A.violent B．strange
C．confusing D．clear
答案 B
解析 violent暴力的；strange奇怪的；confusing令人困惑的；clear清楚的。句意参考上题解析。根据语境可知因为有了自闭症的弟弟，所以我对这些话有了奇怪的感觉。
29．A.because B．if
C．but D．so
答案 C
解析 because因为；if如果；but但是；so因此。句意为：我悄悄地说这些话是不好的，但没有人听。
30．A.chance B．position
C．topic D．point
答案 A
解析 chance机会；position位置；topic主题；point点。句意为：不久在新学校，我有机会能阐明自己的观点。get a chance to do sth.有机会做某事。
31．A.encouraged B．bothered
C．enjoyed D．stopped
答案 D
解析 encourage鼓励；bother打扰；enjoy喜欢；stop停止。句意为：一天，在一个音乐课上，我的老师停止我们的演奏并发表意见。stop sth.to do sth.停下某事去做某事。
32．A.bad B．embarrassed
C．tense D．guilty
答案 A
解析 bad坏的，糟糕的；embarrassed尴尬的；tense紧张的；guilty内疚的。句意为：我感觉很糟糕。
33．A.sat B．slowed
C．quieted D．looked
答案 C
解析 sit坐；slow放慢速度；quiet(使)安静；look看。句意为：整个班安静下来。quiet down安静下来。
34．A.pace B．voice
C．pulse D．breath
答案 B
解析 pace步伐；voice声音；pulse脉搏；breath呼吸。句意为：我能感到我的声音在不断地提高。根据语境可知作者很激动。
35．A.excuse B．appreciate
C．stand D．permit
答案 B
解析 excuse原谅；appreciate欣赏，感激；stand站；permit允许。句意为：我能感到我的声音在不断地提高，因此如果你们不嘲笑他们我会不胜感激。I would appreciate it if you...如果你……我将不胜感激。
36．A.apologized B．fought
C．allowed D．argued
答案 A
解析 apologize道歉；fight战斗；allow允许；argue争论。句意为：我的老师为他所说的话道歉。apologize for sth.为……道歉。
37．A.understand B．notice
C．returned D．care
答案 D
解析 understand理解；notice注意；return返回；care在意。句意为：但是我并不在意。
38．A.wisdom B．importance
C．matter D．truth
答案 D
解析 wisdom明智；importance重要性；matter事情；truth真相。句意为：我已经说出了真相。
39．A.helped B．decided
C．agreed D．hoped
答案 B
解析 help帮助；decide决定；agree同意；hope希望。decide to do sth.决定做某事。句意为：我已经决定选择一条不同的路。
40．A.reporter B．thinker
C．leader D．trainer
答案 C
解析 reporter记者；thinker思考者；leader领导；trainer训练者。句意为：我已经决定走一条不同的路，因为我想成为一个引领者和榜样。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
An Invisible Smile
Mr Dawson was an old grouch，and everyone in town knew it.Kids knew not to go into his yard to pick a delicious apple.Old Dawson，they said，would come after you with his gun.
One Friday,12-year-old Janet was going to stay all night with her friend Amy.They had to walk by Dawson’s house on the way to Amy’s house，but as they got close，Janet saw him sitting on his front porch and suggested they cross over to the other side of the street.Like most of the children，Janet was scared of the old man.
Amy told her not to worry，for Mr Dawson wouldn’t hurt anyone.Still，Janet was growing more nervous with each step closer to the old man’s house.When they got close enough，Dawson looked up with his usual frown(皱眉)，but when he saw it was Amy，a broad smile changed his entire face as he said，“Hello，Miss Amy.I see you’ve got a little friend with you today.”
Amy smiled back and told him Janet was staying overnight and they were going to listen to music and play games.Mr Dawson said that sounded fun，and offered them each a fresh apple picked off his tree.They gladly accepted.Mr Dawson had the best apples in the whole town.
When they left，Janet asked Amy，“Everyone says he’s the meanest man in town.How come he was so nice to us？”
Amy explained that when she first started walking past his house he wasn’t very friendly and she was afraid of him，but she pretended he was wearing an invisible smile and so she always smiled back at him.It took a while，but one day he half-smiled back at her.
After some more time，he started smiling real smiles and then started talking to her.Just a “hello” at first，then more.She said he always offers her an apple now，and is always very kind.
“An invisible smile？” questioned Janet.
“Yes，” answered Amy，“my grandma told me that if I pretended I wasn’t afraid and pretended he was smiling an invisible smile at me and I smiled back at him，sooner or later he would really smile.Grandma says smiles are contagious.”
If we remember what Amy’s grandma said，that everyone wears an invisible smile，we too will find that most people can’t resist our smile after a while.We’re always on the go trying to accomplish so much，aren’t we? It’s so easy to get caught up in everyday life that we forget how simple it can be to bring cheer to ourselves and others.Giving a smile away takes so little effort and time，and let’s make sure that we’re not the one that others have to pretend to be wearing an invisible smile.
语篇解读 老头道森通常是很冷淡的，孩子们很害怕他，但是艾米和他的关系很好，这是因为艾米听了奶奶的话，认为他有着看不见的笑容，艾米会向他微笑，慢慢地道森真的开始微笑了，他们的关系也越来越好了。
41．Kids were scared of Mr Dawson because .A.he was always very cold
B．he would fire them with a gun
C．he was mean with his apples
D．he was wearing an invisible smile
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When they got close enough，Dawson looked up with his usual frown(皱眉)．..”可知，孩子们害怕道森先生因为他通常是很冷漠的。故选A项。
42．We can infer from the text that .
A．Janet was so lovely a girl that Mr Dawson couldn’t resist her smiles
B．it was Grandma’s advice that helped bring Amy and Mr Dawson closer
C．Mr Dawson was friendly to Amy because she always wore an invisible smile
D．Janet and Amy were going to invite Mr Dawson to listen to music and play games
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“my grandma told me that if I pretended I wasn’t afraid...sooner or later he would really smile”可知，是奶奶的建议使艾米和道森先生的关系更近了，故选B项。
43．The underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 9 means “ ”．
A．meaningful B．infectious
C．moving D．supportive
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“...I wasn’t afraid and pretended he was smiling an invisible smile at me and I smiled back at him，sooner or later he would really smile.”可知，假装别人在笑，自己也对他笑，很快这个人就会真的对你笑了，所以笑是可以感染的。故选B项。
44．What is the main message that the author intends to send us readers?
A．Smile whenever we can.
B．Always wear an invisible smile.
C．Try our best to transform others.
D．Pretend that we are happy even if we are not.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者想表达的是：我们要尽可能地微笑。故选A项。
Period Six Writing—Writing an e-mail
英文电子邮件在内容结构上与普通书信一样，但在格式上有所不同。它主要由以下几部分组成：
1．标题栏
一般情况下，开头需要填写的地方有To：(收件人)及subject(邮件主题)。
2．称呼语
在电子邮件中，正文前的称呼应根据写信人与收信人的关系而定，一般以Dear...或My dear...开头。
3．正文
正文是电子邮件的主要部分，写作时需注意以下两点：
(1)首先要明确写给谁。不同的收件人，语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚语或缩写词语，但正式的邮件就不能用俚语或缩写词语。像高考中的书面表达题，就是正规的写作，一般不用俚语或缩写词语。
(2)文体的特点是简单明了，便于阅读，所以电子邮件大多把话题分成几个小主题，每个小主题一段，每段一般只有一两句话，正文由两三个或三四个简短的段落构成。当然，对重点部分要作详细介绍。太长的内容可以以附件的方式发出。
4．结束语
结束语常用敬语，表示客套和礼节，措辞应恰当。通常用“Best Regards！”“Best Wishes！”或使用“Have a nice day！”“Good day to you！”等表示美好祝愿的语句作为敬意结尾。
5．署名
在结束语下面的一至两行签上自己的名字。
常用开头语：
1．Thank you for...
2．I’m glad to receive your letter dated on...
3．I’m sorry that I couldn’t write earlier.
4．How are you getting along with your study?
5．With great pleasure I learn that...
6．I’m writing to ask if...
正文常用语：
1．Could you come to...？/I would very much like you to join us.(邀请)
2．I’d like to come，but I can’t because.../I’m really sorry to say...(委婉拒绝)
3．In my opinion，you should...(回复求助)
常用结束语：
1．I’m looking forward to receiving...
2．All my best wishes to you.
3．Remember me to your parents.
4．Good luck to you.
5．Please give my compliments to your family.
假如你叫李华，请你写一封电子邮件告知你的英国网友保罗(Paul)有关你们学校的一些情况。
学校概况 共有1 800名学生，32个教学班，200名教职员工。
班级情况 高二(3)班：共50名学生，其中男生35名，女生15名；班主任是一位女老师，教英语，心地善良、工作严谨。
学习科目 语文、数学、英语为必修课，另外还有许多选修课。
参考词汇：必修课required/compulsory courses；选修课selected/optional courses
1．时态：本文应以一般现在时为主。
2．人称：以第一人称写。
3．目的：告知网友保罗你们学校的有关情况。
必备词汇
1．工作努力 work hard
2．从……中选择 choose from...
3．对……和蔼 be kind to...
4．对……严格 be strict in...
5．对工作认真 be serious about one’s work
句式升级
1．我们学校有1 800名学生，32个教学班，200名教职工。
There are 1,800 students and 32 classes in our school.There are 200 teachers and staff.(简单句)
There are 1,800 students and 32 classes with 200 teachers and staff in our school.(with)
2．除此之外，我们还有很多选修科目可供选择。
Besides these，we have many selected courses.We can choose from them.(简单句)
Besides these，we have many selected courses to choose from.(不定式作后置定语)
3．我的英语老师是我们的班主任，她对我们很和蔼，但是对工作很严格、很认真。
My English teacher is our head teacher.She is very kind to us but she is very strict and serious about her work.(简单句)
My English teacher is our head teacher，who is very kind to us but is very strict and serious about her work.(定语从句)
Dear Paul，
I’m writing to tell you something about my school. There are 1,800 students and 32 classes with 200 teachers and staff in our school. The teachers in our school work hard. Chinese，maths and English are our required courses. Besides these，we have many selected courses to choose from，too. I’m in Class 3，Grade 2 in senior high school. There are fifty students—thirty-five boys and fifteen girls in our class. Our
English teacher is our head teacher，who is very kind to us but is very strict and serious about her work. We all think that she is a great teacher.
How about your school？Please write to me soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
单元知识滚动练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I know nothing about the accident，as it happened previous(在……以前) to my arrival here.
2．At school，other children always teased(取笑) me because I was fat.
3．Behave yourself(举止规矩)，Jim! Don’t make any noise.
4．Today we mourn(悼念) for all those who died in two world wars.
5．That night we were all greatly amused(被逗乐) by the comedian’s performance.
6．His painting，giving the judges the strongest visual(视觉的) appeal，was awarded the first prize.
7．As the saying(谚语) goes，“If you give a man a fish，you feed him for a day—but teach him how to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.”
8．Learning English is a weekly(周刊) which benefits students and teachers.
9．A performer(演员) is a person who acts，sings，or provides other forms of entertainment in front of the audience.
10．He bit his lips(嘴唇) tightly，trying not to cry.
11．Something brushed past Bob’s face and he let out a yell(大喊)．
12．They would like to make sure their guests are comfortable and cosy (暖和舒适的)．
13．He finally attained(获得) his goal after fighting for many years.
14．Not satisfied with the drawing，she tore(撕) it up angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
15．If a teacher gives a student positive(积极的) attention，the bad behavior on him/her will disappear.
Ⅱ.选词填空
drive away，have affection for，burst in，stand up for，hold out，take on，pass away，trip over
16．Some cafe owners also said they were worried that the ban would drive away their customers.
17．They have affection for these creatures，finding them cute and enjoyable.
18．Mary stood up for me at the meeting，sparing me some embarrassment.
19．They burst in while I was studying；I had to stop what I was doing and talk with them.
20．He held out his hand，asking for more money.
21．With the policy of reform and opening to the outside world，China has taken on a new look over the past decades.
22．I tripped over the bench and fell down on the floor，my chin hitting the carpet.
23．In 2018，the famous actor passed away due to a serious disease.
24．A beautiful but blind girl got on a crowded bus and the passengers made room for
her.
25．I’m afraid the answer is “no”．Come back when you come up with a new plan.
26．Mr Smith is in charge of our class.
27．We are supposed to arrive at 6:00 tomorrow morning.
28．I’m not making fun of you；I admire what you did.
29．There are a variety of books in the bookstore.
30．Don’t glare at me like that.You deserved the scolding.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
31．The evening dance performance(perform) begins at 8 o’clock.
32．He learned technical(technology) skills by trial and error.
33．She couldn’t hide her amusement(amuse) at the way he was dancing.
34．You’d better set aside some time to get your essay polished(polish)．
35．It is said that some foreigners(foreign) will come to our school tomorrow.
36．A back injury prevented his participation(participate) in any sports for a while.
37．We were angry at his bad behaviour(behave) in the hall last night.
38．The wolf lost her baby and stood there，howling(howl) sadly.
39．The famous player has been brought in to strengthen(strength) the defence.
40．I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.
Ⅳ.完成句子
41．While the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.
虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得很好。
42．One such table is enough.
这样的桌子一张就够了。
43．He saw the young man taken away by the policeman yesterday.
昨天他看到那个年轻人被警察带走了。
44．The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked around as if to see whether he was going in the right direction.
我们跟踪的那个男人突然停下并四处张望好像在看他是否走了正确的方向。
45．Do you know the teacher with a book in his/her hand?
你认识那位手里拿着一本书的老师吗？
Ⅴ.单元语法——用非谓语动词改写句子
46．She will buy this coat.She will give it to her mother.
→This coat to be bought by her is for her mother.
47．Jack’s English teacher suggested to him that he should read as much as he could.
→Jack’s English teacher suggested him/his reading as much as he could.
48．The poor house needs repairing at once.
→The poor house needs to be repaired at once.
49．The graduate didn’t tell his parents and went to work in the west.
→The graduate went to work in the west without telling his parents.
50．At the end of the speech he expressed the desire that he should come and work in China some day.
→At the end of the speech he expressed the desire to come and work in China some day.
单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)
Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)
1. 写出关于stand的短语
(1)支持，维护stand up for
(2)袖手旁观；支持stand by
(3)代表；主张stand for
(4)引人注目，突出stand out
2.写出关于variety和vary的短语
(1)种种，各种各样的，各种不同的a variety of＝varieties of
(2)在……和……之间变化vary from ...to .../vary between ...and ...
3. 写出关于behave的短语
(1)举止、行为好/坏behave well/badly
(2)守规矩；表现得体behave oneself
4．写出关于fun的短语
(1)拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄make fun of
(2)(做某事)玩得开心have fun (doing sth.)
(3)开玩笑，不是认真的for/in fun
(4)做某事很有趣It’s great fun doing sth.
5．写出关于affection的短语
喜爱，钟爱have an affection for
6．写出关于perform的短语
(1)履行职责/诺言perform one’s duty/promise
(2)在……中担任角色/发挥作用perform a part/role in ...
7．写出关于come的短语
(1)想出，拿出come up with
(2)偶然遇到，碰见；被理解，被传达come across
(3)发生come about
(4)苏醒；谈到；想起；共计come to
(5)出现，发生；被提出；走过来come up
8．写出关于amuse的短语
(1)自娱自乐amuse oneself
(2)做某事使某人觉得开心It amuses sb.to do sth.
9.写出关于burst的短语
(1)闯入；突然破门而入burst in/into
(2)突然哭起来/笑起来burst out crying/laughing
(3)突然哭起来/笑起来burst into tears/laughter
10．写出关于hold的短语
(1)递出；拿出；伸出；坚持，维持hold out
(2)隐瞒；退缩；阻止；抑制hold back
(3)别挂断；等一等；坚持hold on
(4)坚守；保留(房屋、财产等)；抓住hold on to
(5)举起，拿起；支撑；拦住，耽搁hold up
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)
11．I saw him reading a book under a tall tree when I passed by.我经过时，看到他正在一棵大树下看书。
12．What do you think might have happened to her？你认为她可能会出什么事？
13．But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology.
但是记住这一点很有用：所有这些变化都来自科技。
14．It seems more convenient that we purchase online.
网上购物似乎更方便。
15．He shrugged his shoulders as if to say that there was nothing he could do about it.
他耸了耸肩，好像是说他对此无能为力。
Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
Stand-up is a kind of comedy 16.that is done on a stage by a comedian.Audience may be teased by the comedian’s 17.performance(perform)．
There are a 18.variety(various) of different styles of stand-up comedy.Some comedians tell jokes about how people behave in the daily life.Some comedians rely 19.on visual humour.Other comedians use their bodies 20.to joke(joke), while impressionist comedians act 21.or speak like a well-known person.
One of the famous comedians is Billy Crystal, who was born in New York on March 14, 1947.He 22.graduated(graduate) from the Film Department of New York University and started doing stand-up comedy at the age of 16.He has an excellent ability 23.to come(come) up with new jokes quickly and makes fun of things and people around him.
As well as his 24.amusing(amuse) stand-up, Billy Crystal is also popular for his excellent performance in the films.He has participated in playing roles,25.producing(produce) and directing many films.Besides, he has hosted the Academy Awards nine times.
核心素养拓展练
素养解读 2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开，有助于学生领悟人生哲理，知道在任何时候保持幽默对我们的生活都有好处。
主题：幽默 学科素养：思维品质
With all the wars，fighting and sadness in the world today，it’s not only necessary，but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives.Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps makes me feel good and warms my heart.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife，husband，child，co-worker，neighbor，close friend，or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store？I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh，even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with.My Grandma always found humor in everything she did，even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine.This not only relieves stress in any situation，but also is common courtesy to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies，as they say.Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face.They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh.I am busting a gut while they just sit there，looking at me as if I were from outer space.How can people not get a really funny joke?
Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control.Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems，or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy.There is too much sadness in this present world.It drives people crazy.We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.So，I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了幽默对人的好处，并鼓励人们在日常生活中保持幽默，传递笑声。
1．According to the author，humor is useful in the aspect that .
A．it makes people more confident
B．it can pick up people’s spirits
C．it can help rid the cruelty in the world
D．it can help people get on well with others
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Putting a smile on...makes me feel good and warms my heart.”可知，幽默可以使人精神高涨。
2．The phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph can be replaced by “ ”．
A．explaining carefully
B．speaking loud
C．keeping silent
D．laughing hard
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。理解这个词组需要结合上下文。本段主要讲的是不具有幽默感的一些人在听到很幽默的笑话后不笑，和那些很幽默、很爱笑的人做了一个对比。因此本题选D。
3．In writing the passage，the author mainly intends to .
A．talk about his own understanding of humor
B．encourage people to be humorous in daily life
C．introduce a practical way to get through daily life
D．convince people of the power of being optimistic about life
答案 B
解析 写作目的题。本文介绍了幽默对人的好处，最后一段总结了幽默和笑是最好的药，目的是鼓励人们在日常生活中保持幽默。故答案为B项。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the present world?
A．Positive. B．Critical.
C．Satisfied. D．Indifferent.
答案 B
解析 作者态度题。根据文中第一段“With all the wars，fighting and sadness in the world today，it’s not only necessary，but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives.”和最后一段中的“There is too much sadness in this present world.”可知，作者对这个世界持批判态度。
Notes
Ⅰ.障碍词汇
1．essential adj.基本的，本质的
2．courtesy n．礼貌；谦恭
3．slight adj.轻微的，少量的
4．medication n．药物；药物治疗；药物处理
Ⅱ.长难句分析
Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps makes me feel good and warms my heart.
分析 这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。and前是主谓宾＋宾补结构，主语是Putting a smile on someone’s face，谓语是makes，宾语是me，宾补是feel good；and后是主谓宾结构，主语依然是Putting a smile on someone’s face，由于一样，就省略了，谓语是warms，宾语是my heart；when you know they are feeling down in the dumps是时间状语从句。
翻译 当你知道别人心情沮丧时，逗他/她们笑会让自己感觉很好并且温暖人心。
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