高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Womenofachievement题型组合课时练新人教版必修4 7页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Unit 1 Women of achievement Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2017·成都高三二诊)Facebook chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg and Anna Maria Chavez，chief of Girl Scouts of the USA，are leading a campaign to discourage the use of the word “bossy”．Does the term destroy the confidence of young girls? The campaign claims that terms like “bossy” are improperly applied to females， preventing schoolgirls from seeing themselves as future “leaders”．From its first application，the word has been definitely connected more with women than with men.It first appeared in 1882，according to the Oxford English Dictionary，mentioning “a lady manager who was extremely bossy”．As later as 2008，the word appeared in reference to females four times more often than males，claim the Ban Bossy campaigners.“To men，the reference is always in association with women，”says Helen Trim，director of FreshMinds.“I have three brothers and my family still call me ‘bossy’ today.” Her father is the only other family member who could be considered in that way， says Trim，but nobody would ever call him so. Some educators recommend that the word should be reclaimed，rather than banned. “But the thing with ‘bossy’ is that there's an infantile (幼稚的) element to it，” says Sara Mills，professor at Sheffield University.“You think of ‘bossy’ as being like a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim.” It's not just “bossy” under fire．“Pushy” is another target.The implication is that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident，Mills suggests， which some women are willing to listen to and accept.Trim points out that many modern female business role models are able to be bosses without being labeled “bossy”．And she rarely，if ever，hears the word used within her company.But she says that the damage may be done much earlier in a woman's life.“It does come about from those early teenage years，” she says.“I think it's impossible to ban a word，but if people are replacing it with words like ‘confidence’ or ‘assertiveness’，we would all be in a much better place.” 【语篇解读】 本文讲述了 Facebook 的首席运营官谢丽尔·桑德伯格和美国女童子军 首席执行长安娜·玛利亚·查韦斯二人最新发起的Ban Bossy 运动不鼓励使用“专横”这个 词描述女性，旨在鼓励培养女性的领导力。 1．More evidence is provided to show “bossy” is more applied to females by ． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A．the Oxford English Dictionary B．the Ban Bossy campaigners C．Helen Trim at FreshMinds D．some experts in education B [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As later as 2008，the word appeared...claim the Ban Bossy campaigners”可知，选 B。] 2．Trim's family still consider her bossy because ． A．she is expected to lead in her family B．she is the boss of her company C．she is a powerful and confident female D．her father considers her that way C [考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，“bossy”这个词主要用来指女性，并以 Helen Trim 为例进行说明；结合文章最后一段内容可推知，Trim 强大并且自信，所以家人 才说她专横。故选 C。] 3．The underlined part “under fire” most probably means “ ”． A．definitely replaced B．strongly criticized C．improperly applied D．eagerly expected B [考查词义猜测。根据空后的“‘Pushy’ is another target”并结合上文中的 Ban Bossy 运动不鼓励使用“bossy”这个词描述女性可知，画线词意为“遭受强烈批评”。故 选 B。] 4．How does the author sound when referring to the campaign against “bossy”？ A．Objective. B．Angry. C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic. A [考查推理判断。本文只是在叙述 Facebook 的首席运营官谢丽尔·桑德伯格和美国 女童子军首席执行长安娜·玛利亚·查韦斯二人最新发起的 Ban Bossy 运动，并未陈述作者 个人的观点，故作者的态度是“客观的(objective)”。故选 A。] B (2017·衡水中学高三一调)People are being tricked into Facebook with the promise of a fun，free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening.Even if they know what the company is up to，they still have no idea what they're paying for Facebook because 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 people don't really know what their personal data is worth. The biggest problem，however，is that the company keeps changing the rules.That was the great thing about Facebook.You could create your own little private network.Last year，the company changed its privacy rules so that many things：your city，your photos，your friends' names，were set by default (默认) to be shared with everyone on the Internet. According to Facebook's vicepresident Elliot Schrage，the company is simply making changes to improve its service，and if people don't share information，they have a “less satisfying experience”． Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money.In original business model，which involved selling ads and putting them.At the side of the pages totally, who wants to look at ads when they're online connecting with their friends? The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington.In April，Senator Charles Sehumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy.He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social networking sites. “I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them，” Sehrage admits. I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy，it's only the beginning，which is why I'm considering canceling my account.Facebook is a handy site，but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't know.That's too high a price to pay. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 Facebook 使用用户的个人信息来营利 这一有争议性的行为。 5．What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph? A．It provides loads of information to its users. B．It earns money by putting on advertisements. C．It is a website that sends messages to users who want to get married. D．It makes money by selling its users' personal data. D [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Facebook 并不是免费的，人们是以自己的个人信 息为代价来使用 Facebook 的；由此可知，Facebook 是通过出卖用户个人信息数据来营利的。 故选 D。] 6．What does the author say about most Facebook users? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A．They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook. B．They are unwilling to give up their personal information. C．They don't identify themselves when using the website. D．They care very little about their personal information. A [推理判断题。根据第二段可知，大部分用户对 Facebook 出卖自己数据营利的这一 行为并不知情或者不了解；由此可知，他们不知道自己的信息能让 Facebook 获利。故选 A。] 7．Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage? A．To obey the Federal guidelines. B．To expand its business. C．To improve its users' connection. D．To provide better service to its users. D [细节理解题。根据第四段可知，规则的改变是为了给用户提供更好的服务。故选 D。] 8．Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account? A．He is dissatisfied with its present service. B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy. C．He doesn't want his personal data to be badly used. D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes. C [细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，作者注销自己账号的原因是担心自己的 隐私受到进一步的侵犯；由此可知，作者并不想让自己的个人信息遭到滥用。故选 C。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2017·济南高三模拟)One Monday evening，I received a direct message from a boy who found a mean message in his locker.He took a picture of it and sent it to me asking for 1 ．I asked him to meet me the following morning. A few hours later I 2 on the Internet that he had posted the picture of the mean note and asked if anyone 3 who it was.I thought it was 4 of the boy to find it out via social media. The next day the boy came to me and another 5 was with him.The boy showed me another note he had 6 ．But this was a beautiful，heartfelt 7 ．I asked him if he knew who had done it，and the boy who came with him 8 ，“It was me.I don't know why I did it， 9 I know it was wrong and not at all kind.So I wrote him this note.I also wrote 150 notes with 10 sayings and put them in all the lockers.I just 11 to do something to make up for my 12 ．” My heart felt full of pride and love for this 13 boy.I told him how courageous it was for him to come 14 and how amazing it was that he did something 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 kind in return to try to balance his 15 ．I turned to the boy who received both notes and asked him if he also 16 the bravery and could forgive.Without 17 ， he said，“Yes，definitely.And 18 anyone tries to be mean to him for making a bad choice，I will stand up to him.” These two boys 19 me that coming forward when we need help is important， and coming forward to 20 a wrong is vital. 【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了两个男孩儿解决冲突的故事。 1．A.support B．money C．help D．comfort C [根据下文的“These two boys 19 me that coming forward when we need help is important”可知，男孩儿是在向作者求助。] 2．A.noticed B．realized C．concluded D．declared A [根据“on the Internet”可推知，作者注意到了网上的情况。realize“认识到”， conclude“断定”，declare“宣布”，均不符合语境。] 3．A.agreed B．predicted C．knew D．imagined C [根据下文中的“I asked him if he knew who had done it”可知，那个男孩儿在 网上发布照片，询问是否有人知道这是谁干的。] 4．A.patient B．smart C．honest D．reliable B [根据下文可知，男孩儿通过网络很快找到了始作俑者，因此作者认为男孩儿很聪 明。] 5．A.boy B．teacher C．girl D．advisor A [与下文的“the boy who came with him”呼应可知，来了两个男孩儿。] 6．A.written B．lost C．received D．selected C [与上文的“One Monday evening，I received a direct message from a boy who found a mean message in his locker”可推知，男孩儿又收到(received)了一个便条。] 7．A.invitation B．wish C．greeting D．apology D [根据下文的“I just 11 to do something to make up for my 12 ”可推 知，对方写了一个便条以表达他真诚的道歉。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 8．A.replied B．added C．shouted D．argued A [根据“It was me”可知，犯错的男孩儿回答了作者的问题。] 9．A.so B．for C．or D．but D [根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系。] 10．A.simple B．kind C．specific D．cautious B [根据上文的“I know it was wrong and not at all kind”可知，犯错的男孩儿 希望用友好的语言来得到原谅。] 11．A.wanted B．continued C．failed D．refused A [根据语境可知，犯错的男孩儿想(wanted)做些事情去弥补自己的错误。] 12．A.carelessness B．loneliness C．meanness D．sadness C [与上文的“a mean message”呼应可知，C 项正确。] 13．A.special B．unique C．wise D．brave D [与下文的“I told him how courageous it was for him”呼应可知，作者认为承 认错误的这个男孩儿很勇敢。] 14．A.along B．forward C．back D．out B [根据最后一段中两次出现的“coming forward”可推知，B 项正确。] 15．A.mistake B．loss C．belief D．value A [犯错的男孩儿想做些事去弥补自己的过错。] 16．A.compared B．challenged C．presented D．recognized D [根据“and could forgive”可推知，作者希望求助的男孩儿也能够表扬犯错男孩 儿的这种勇气并原谅他。recognize 意为“表扬”，符合语境。] 17．A.difficulty B．doubt C．hesitation D．fear C [根据“Yes，definitely”可推知，男孩儿毫不犹豫地做了回答。without hesitation 意为“毫不犹豫”。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 18．A.although B．if C．because D．until B [根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的条件关系，故用 if 引导条件状语从句。] 19．A.promised B．warned C．showed D．informed C [根据语境可推知，两个男孩儿的行为向作者展示了一个道理。] 20．A.discover B．conduct C．judge D．admit D [由“a wrong”并结合上文内容可推知，此处表示承认错误，故选 D。] 【导学号：30892216】