天津河西区2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（Word版附解析） 28页

天津市河西区 2021 届高三第一学期期中考试 一、单选：15 分 1. —How did you find the film Transformers 3? — ____________. I can’t think too highly of it. A. It makes no sense B. It’s really amazing C. It’s up to you! D. By chance 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你觉得《变形金刚 3》怎么样？——太棒了！我想不出 更高的评价了。A. It makes no sense 没道理；B. It’s really amazing 太棒了；C. It’s up to you! 由你做主！D. By chance 偶然。结合后文“I can’t think too highly of it”可知回答者对电影是 赞美的，觉得太棒了。故选 B。 2. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _______ you are afraid to do. A. whether B. which C. how D. what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查从属连词辨析。句意：振作起来，勇气就是做你害怕做的事。A. whether 是否； B. which 哪一个；C. how 怎样；D. what 什么。根据句意及句子结构可知，Courage is doing 后跟宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少宾语，且意为“......的事情”，应用连接代词 what。故选 D 项。 3. We won’t start the work until all the preparations ___________. A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一切准备就绪后我们才开始工作。根据句意，preparations 与 谓语 make 之间是被动关系，谓语动词应该用被动语态；分析句子结构可知，这是一个 not...until 引导的时间状语从句，主句中用一般将来时 won’t ，从句中应该用现在时态的一 种形式；结合句意，从句用现在完成时强调“做好准备”这个动作，对现在的影响就是可以 “开始工作了”，符合语境及语法结构。综上分析，谓语动词应该用现在完成时的被动语态 have been made。故选 C 项。 4. The news that he referred ________ us disappointed. A. to made B. to making C. to make D. to have made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和谓语动词。句意：他提到的那个消息使我们失望。分析句子可知 that he referred 是一个定语从句，先行词为主语 The news，在从句中作宾语，而 referred 为不及 物动词，必须借助 to 才能接宾语，并且 refer to 为固定短语，意为“提到，涉及”，而 make 在本句中作谓语，根据语境，应用一般过去式，故为 made，故选 A 项。 5. –Will you read me a story, Mummy? --OK. You ______have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？——好，如果你尽快上床睡 觉，我就给你讲一个。might 表示“或许”；must 表示“必须”；could 表示“可能”；shall 在此处 表示“允诺”，符合句意，故选择 D 项。 6. （2016·浙江）In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples. A. specific B. permanent C. abstract D. universal 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C. 抽象的；D.全球的，共通的。故选 A。 【点睛】把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难 于区分。解答这类题目，关键是理解题干意思以及各选项副词的意思，可以像数学中的代入 法一样，依次把各个选项意思放入句子中进行比较，不难选出正确答案。还有抓住句中的关 键词 general 和 specific 对应。 【详解】请在此输入详解！ 【点睛】请在此输入点睛！ 7. After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，______ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业之后，我花了些时间去旅游，结果证明是明智的选 择。句中 which 引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面一件事，在从句中做主语，that 不能引导 非限制性定语从句。故选 B。 【点睛】 8. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________. A. influence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教师必须不断更新自己的知识，以保持他们的专业技能。 A. influence 影响；B. independence 独立；C. competence 能力，技能；D. intelligence 智力。 由语意可知，教师更新自己知识的目的应该是保持自己专业技能。故选 C 项。 9. There are other languages that sound extremely different, _________ they are conveying the same meaning. A. as though B. in case C. so that D. even though 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：还有其他一些语言听起来大不相同，尽管它们表达的意 思是一样的。A. as though 好像；B. in case 以防万一；C. so that 因此，以便；D. even though 尽管。根据句意可知，逗号前后两个句子构成让步关系，该空意为“尽管”， even though 意 为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 they are conveying the same meaning，符合句意及语法结构。 故选 D 项。 10. Experts have pointed out that the _______ of severe punishment plays a major role in the growing food safety problem. A. absence B. presence C. existence D. evidence 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家指出，没有严厉的惩罚是导致食品安全问题日益严 重的主要原因。A. absence 缺失；B. presence 出席；C. existence 存在；D. evidence 证明。由 语意可知，食品安全问题的日益严重在很大程度上是因为：严厉惩罚的缺失（absence）。故 选 A 项。 11. The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market ________ its superior quality. A. in terms of B. on account of C. on behalf of D. on top of 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这款新产品很快获得了极高的赞扬，并且因其超级好的质量 而迅速占领了市场。A. in terms of就……而言；B. on account of由于；C. on behalf of代表……； D. on top of 在……顶端。商品能够迅速占领市场，是由于超级好的质量，所以前后是因果 关系。故 B 选项正确。 12. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _______ her job as a doctor in the countryside. A. set out B. get over C. set up D. took up 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在一所医学院学习了五年之后，Jane 在农村开始了她的 医生工作。A. set out 规划，出发；B. get over 克服，恢复；C. set up 建立；D. took up 开始 从事。由语意可知，Jane 在医学院毕业后应该是开始从事医生工作。故选 D 项。 13. He has ________ more than 500 dollars in the past three months, with which she could buy new bikes for those poor children. A. accelerated B. accompanied C. accumulated D. acknowledged 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的三个月里，他已经积累了 500 多美元，她可以 用这些钱为那些贫困的孩子们买新自行车。A. accelerated 加速； B. accompanied 陪伴； C. accumulated 积累，（数量）逐渐增加；D. acknowledged 承认。结合后文“more than 500 dollars”可知指积累了 500 多美元，应用 accumulate。故选 C。 14. He did not see the film last night. That is _______ he had to help his little sister with her homework. A. why B. because C. that D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：他昨晚没有看电影。那是因为他得帮他妹妹做作业。 A.why 为什么；B.because 因为（表原因）；C.that 那个；D.how 怎样。根据该空前的“That is”可知，这是一个主系表结构，因此，该空后句子是表语从句，根据句意，该从句表示原 因，因此，应该用连接词 because 引导。故选 B 项。 15. ---Starting a conversation is a good way to kill time on the train. --- ________. I also like to talk with strangers. A. That’s true B. It’s a pleasure C. At your service D. You are kidding 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际和习惯表达辨析。句意：——在火车上与人交谈是消磨时间的好方法。 ——没错。我也喜欢和陌生人说话。A. That’s true 是的，的确如此；B. It’s a pleasure 很荣幸； C. At your service 为你效劳；D. You are kidding 你开玩笑吧。由语意可知，后者应该是同意 前者的说法，两者都认为在火车上与人交谈是消磨时间的好方法。故选 A 项。 二、完型：30 分 I grew up seeing handwritten notes as the best expression of love. My mom often ___16___ small, square papers on the bed for me to find. Sometimes it was just a smiley____17____, other times she simply wrote the words “love you” _____18_____ordinary ballpoint pen, but it was more than enough. Starting in elementary school, my mom ______19______I write notes to my grandma who lived a few hours away. Grandma _____20_____wrote back. The excitement I felt when I looked in the_____21_____and saw a letter in my grandma’s shaky letters never_____22_____. By studying her handwriting, I could almost _____23_____how she’d been feeling that day. Those notes are now treasures. The words, “You make me_____24_____,” from my dad when I got my first prize and birthday notes from friends are all lifelines I can’t bear to_______25_______. However, my greatest lifelines came from my daughter, Avery. One day I put a yellow note on her_______26_______not realizing there was a blank one_______27_______to it. When I cleaned out her lunch box that night, the number of my notes had_______28_______. I cried when I saw she’d written the same thing as me. “I love you Avery.” I reached up and stuck my daughter’s_______29_______on the cabinet where the sandwich bread was stored as a source of daily______30______. Then later another in my clothes closet where I got _____31_____, and another on the bathroom mirror where I brushed my______32______. “I love you . I will love you for my whole life.” Until today my daughter still_______33_______posts lifelines to me. Now they are not so much for encouragement _______34_______they are reminders — reminders that time is flying. Because the untraditional spelling has become_______35_______. Letters are no longer gigantic（巨大的）, but rather small and dainty（优美的）. But the love, the love is still there. 16. A. carried B. left C. covered D. collected 17. A. story B. diary C. sign D. face 18. A. in B. on C. without D. at 19. A. allowed B. witnessed C. requested D. prevented 20. A. hardly B. always C. gradually D. never 21. A. mailbox B. pocket C. parcel D. basket 22. A. changed B. grew C. fell D. disappeared 23. A. predict B. tell C. explain D. doubt 24. A. proud B. famous C. confident D. surprised 25. A. sort out B. pack up C. throw away D. take up 26. A. coat B. sandwich C. schoolbag D. pencil-box 27. A. referred B. approached C. belonged D. attached 28. A. gone B. increased C. worked D. moved 29. A. picture B. love C. hope D. note 30. A. duty B. encouragement C. schedule D. motto 31. A. dressed B. raised C. prepared D. arranged 32. A. shoes B. floors C. teeth D. walls 33. A. carefully B. generally C. regularly D. timely 34. A. as if B. even if C. although D. as 35. A. traditional B. special C. funny D. valuable 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小时候起，经常收到来自亲人尤其是妈妈的鼓励的小纸条。成 年后，作者也用这种方式向向自己的女儿表达爱意。令作者感动的是，女儿也学会了给作者 写这种纸条。随着时间的飞逝，这成了他们家的一个传统。 【16 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈经常在床上留一些方形的小纸条给我找。A. carried 携带； B.left 留下；C.covered 覆盖；D.collected 收集。根据上文“I grew up seeing handwritten notes as the best expression of love.”可知，作者的母亲经常通过纸条来向作者表达爱意，因此可推 知，她经常在床上给作者留下（left）一些纸条。故选 B 项。 【17 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时只是一张笑脸，有时她只是用普通圆珠笔写下“爱你”几个 字，但这已经足够了。A. story 故事；B. diary 日记；C. sign 标志；D. face 脸。根据上文“I grew up seeing handwritten notes as the best expression of love.”以及该句中的“smiley”可推知， 作者的母亲经常通过纸条来向作者表达爱意，有时纸条上只是一张笑脸（face）。故选 D 项。 【18 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：有时只是一张笑脸，有时她只是用普通圆珠笔写下“爱你”几个 字，但这已经足够了。A.in 用……；B.on 在……上面；C.without 没有，不带；D.at 在某处。 根据语境可知，此处指母亲“用普通圆珠笔”写字，介词 in 后跟某种工具，意为“用某种 工具……”。故选 A 项。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小学开始，妈妈就要求我给住在距离几小时远的奶奶写纸条。 A.allowed 允许；B.witnessed 见证；C.requested 要求，请求；D.prevented 预防。根据下文 “Grandma _____5_____wrote back.”可知，奶奶总是回信，因此，此处指作者被妈妈要求 （requested）给奶奶写纸条。故选 C 项。 【20 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：奶奶总是回信。A.hardly 几乎不；B.always 总是；C.gradually 逐 渐；D.never 从来不。根据下文“The excitement I felt when I looked in the_____6_____and saw a letter in my grandma’s shaky letters never_____7_____.”可知，作者收到奶奶的回信，作者 总是很激动，因此可推知，奶奶总是（always）给作者回信。故选 B 项。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在邮箱里看到有一封奶奶颤抖字母的信时，我的兴奋之情从 未消失。A.mailbox 邮箱；B.pocket 口袋；C.parcel 包裹；D.basket 篮子。根据该句中的“saw a letter in my grandma’s shaky letters”可知，作者看到有奶奶颤抖的字迹的信，可推知，作者 是在邮箱（mailbox）里看到的。故选 A 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在邮箱里看到有一封奶奶颤抖字母的信时，我的兴奋之情从 未消失。A.changed 改变；B.grew 增长；C.fell 下降；D.disappeared 消失。根据下文“Those notes are now treasures.”可知，作者一直把奶奶的回信视若珍宝，可推知，作者每次收到奶 奶的信的时候，兴奋之情溢于言表，从未消失（disappeared）。故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过研究她的笔迹，我几乎可以讲出她那天的感受。A.predict 预测；B.tell 讲出；C.explain 解释；D.doubt 怀疑。根据该句中“how she’d been feeling that day.”可知，作者能根据奶奶的信，讲出（tell）奶奶那天的感受。故选 B 项。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：当我拿到头奖的时候，我爸爸说的“你让我骄傲”和朋友们 寄来的生日纸条，都是我舍不得扔掉的“生命线”。A.proud 骄傲；B.famous 著名；C.confident 自信；D.surprised 惊讶。根据该空后“when I got my first prize”可知，作者得一等奖，因此， 作者的父亲以自己的孩子为骄傲（proud）。故选 A 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我拿到头等奖的时候，我爸爸说的“你让我骄傲”和朋友们寄 来的生日纸条，都是我舍不得扔掉的“生命线”。A.sort out 整理；B.pack up 打包；C.throw away 扔掉；D.take up 占用。根据该句中的“are all lifelines”可知，作者把这些纸条看作宝 贝，舍不得扔掉（throw away）。故选 C 项。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我在她的三明治（餐盒）附上一张黄色的纸条，却没有 意识到上面附有一张空白的纸条。A.coat 外套；B.sandwich 三明治；C.schoolbag 书包； D.pencil-box 铅笔盒。根据下文“When I cleaned out her lunch box that night, the number of my notes had____13____. I cried when I saw she’d written the same thing as me. ”可知， 作者在给女儿清洗餐盒的时候，发现了女儿写给自己的纸条，再结合选项，可推知，作者在 女儿的装有三明治（sandwich）的餐盒上附上了黄色的纸条。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我在她的三明治（餐盒）附上一张黄色的纸条，却没有 意识到上面附有一张空白的纸条。A.referred 提到；B.approached 走近；C.belonged 是； D.attached 附着。 根据下文“When I cleaned out her lunch box that night, the number of my notes had___13_____. I cried when I saw she’d written the same thing as me. ”可知，当作者清 理女儿的午餐盒的时候，发现了女儿以同样的方式写给作者的纸条，作者感动的哭了。因此 可推知，作者的女儿提前在三明治餐盒上附上（attached）了一些空白的纸条，以备写给作 者。故选 D 项。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当晚我把她的饭盒清理干净时，我的纸条数量增加了。A.gone 走了；B.increased 增加；C.worked 工作；D.moved 感动。根据下文“I cried when I saw she’d written the same thing as me.”可知，作者看到女儿写给自己的纸条，感动的哭了。因此，可 推知，除了自己写的纸条，作者还发现了有女儿写给自己的纸条，纸条数量增加（increased）。 故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我伸手把女儿的纸条贴在储藏三明治面包的柜子上，作为日常鼓 励的源泉。A.picture 照片；B.love 爱；C.hope 希望；D.note 纸条。根据上文“When I cleaned out her lunch box that night, the number of my notes had______13______. I cried when I saw she’d written the same thing as me.”可知，作者的女儿也给作者写了很多纸条，作者非常感 动，就把这些纸条（note）贴在给女儿储藏三明治面包的柜子上。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我伸手把女儿的纸条贴在储藏三明治面包的柜子上，作为日常鼓 励的来源。A.duty 责任；B.encouragement 鼓励；C.schedule 日程安排；D.motto 座右铭。根 据下文“Now they are not so much for encouragement ______19______.”可知，作者认为，这 些小纸条不仅仅是鼓励，因此，该处指作者非常珍惜女儿的纸条，贴在柜子上作为一种日常 鼓励（encouragement）。故选 B 项。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来又在我布置的衣柜里找到了一个，另一个在我刷牙的浴室镜 子上。A.dressed 穿；B.raised 了；C.prepared 准备；D.arranged 布置，安置。分析语境可知， 作者在自己布置（arranged）衣柜的地方找到了另一张纸条。故选 D 项。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词词义辨析。句意：后来又在我布置的衣柜里找到了一个，另一个在我刷牙的浴室 镜子上。A.shoes 鞋子；B.floors 地板；C.teeth 牙齿；D.walls 墙壁。根据该句中的“on the bathroom mirror where I brushed”可知，此处指刷牙（teeth）的浴室的镜子上。故选 C 项。 【33 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，我女儿仍然经常地给我发“生命线”。A.carefully 仔 细；B.generally 一般；C.regularly 经常地，定期；D.timely 及时。根据上文“根据上文“I reached up and stuck my daughter’s______14______on the cabinet where the sandwich bread was stored as a source of daily_____15_____.”以及根据下文“they are reminders — reminders that time is flying.”以及“Because the untraditional spelling has become___20____.”可知，作者把女儿 送给自己的纸条都贴到柜子上，作为一种对自己的日常鼓励，下文又提到，随着时间飞逝， 这种亲人之间通过写纸条来表达爱的方式，成了他们家的传统。可推知，此处指作者的女儿 仍然会经常地（regularly）给作者写这种纸条。故选 C 项。 【34 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：现在，与其说它们是鼓励，不如说它们是提醒——因为提醒人们 时间在飞逝。A.as if 好像；B.even if 即使；C.although 虽然；D.as 因为。分析句意可知，“they are reminders that time is flying”是对上一句的原因的解释，因此应该用连词 as 引导原因状 语从句。故选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为非传统的拼写已经变成了传统的。A.traditional 传统； B.special 特殊；C.funny 有趣的；D.valuable 的价值。结合语境，根据该空前的“untraditional” 可知，作者家非传统的拼写已经变成了传统的（traditional），前后形成对比。故选 A 项。 三、阅读理解：50 分 A Chinese Language and Culture Day Camp July 25-29,2017 Monday-Friday,9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m. For ages 7-16 Location: Confucius Institute,10 Park Street, Alfred Camp Fee: $150(includes lunch) Enrollment(注册)Deadline: July 11,2017 Program The AU Confucius Institute Chinese Language and Culture Day Camp offers a great introduction to Chinese language and culture in an exciting, fun-filled, interactive environment. The small-class format ensures that each camper gets enough individual attention. This program features: ·Chinese Language Classes ·Traditional Chinese Arts and Crafts ·Calligraphy ·Songs ·Dances ·Games ·Cooking ·Daily supervised cafeteria-style lunch in the University Dining Hall Faculty Top quality instruction is provided by distinguished members of the AU Confucius Institute faculty who are experienced teachers, fluent in both English and Chinese. Who Can Attend? This week-long day camp is for students aged 7-16 who wish to participate in a fun, dynamic summer experience in Chinese language and culture. For classes, students will be divided into younger and older age groups. Schedule Students must arrive at the Confucius Institute each day by 9:00 a.m. and must be picked up at 3:30 p.m. Morning lessons will focus on Chinese language classes, while afternoons will be filled with hands-on cultural activities. Instructors will bring students to the Powell Campus Center dining hall for a supervised, cafeteria-style lunch each day. How to Enroll Please finish the enrollment form and return by July 11,with your $150 payment, to: Office of Summer Programs, Alfred University, I Saxon Drive, Alfred, NY 14802.Checks should be made payable to Alfred University.Major credit cards are also accepted.(If paying by credit card, feel free to fax enrollment form to us at 607-871-2045.) Cancellation(取消) Policy Full refunds will be made for cancellations received by 3:30 p.m. on July 22, 2017. We cannot make refunds to students who cancel after July 22 because the amount of materials purchased, meal counts and classroom spaces are based upon the number of students expected and cannot be changed after that time. Questions? For further information, please contact the Office of Summer Programs via email or by calling 607-871-2612. 36. Why is the class in small size? A. To give each camper specific care. B. To charge a higher fee each camper. C. T o save more room for more students. D. To create an interactive atmosphere. 37. What CAN’T you learn in Chinese Language and Culture Day Camp? A. Cooking B. Martial arts C. Crafts D. Traditional arts 38. It can be inferred that campers _________. A. have to bring their own lunch each day. B. will learn about Chinese language all day. C. should come to and leave the camp every day. D. must stay in the camp for a week day and night. 39. If you want to get back your full fee, you have to give up ___________. A. before 9:00 a.m. July29 B. before 9:00 a.m. July11 C. before 3:30 a.m. July25 D. before 3:30 p.m. July22 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。是一篇关于中文和中国文化的夏令营活动的告示，文章讲述了活动的地点、 时间、收费和报名对象，还讲述了活动的具体的小项、教员和如何取消的政策等。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Program”下的介绍“The small-class format ensures that each camper gets enough individual attention. ”小班的形式确保每个露营者得到足够的个人 关注。可知班级规模小的原因是给每个露营者特别的照顾。故选 A。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Program”下的介绍“This program features”这个项目的特 色 中 介 绍 “·Chinese Language Classes·Traditional Chinese Arts and Crafts·Calligraphy·Songs·Dances·Games·Cooking·Daily supervised cafeteria-style lunch in the University Dining Hall”可知学生学习不到“Martial arts”武术。故选 B。 【38 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章小标题“Schedule”的介绍“Students must arrive at the Confucius Institute each day by 9:00 a.m. and must be picked up at 3:30 p.m.”学生每天上午 9 点前到达孔 子学院，下午 3:30 接走孩子。可知度假营营员应该每天来和离开营地。故选 C。 【39 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Cancellation(取消) Policy”下的内容“Full refunds will be made for cancellations received by 3:30 p.m. on July 22, 2017.”如果在 2017 年 7 月 22 日下午 3:30 前取消预订，将全额退款。可知如果你想拿回全额费用，你就得在下午 3 点，July22 之前放弃。故选 D。 B Our first year in New York we rented a small apartment with a Catholic school nearby, taught by the Sister of Charity, strong women in long black gowns and bats. I liked them a lot, especially my grandmotherly fourth grade teacher，Sister Zoe. I had a lovely name, she said, and she had me teach the whole class how to pronounce it: Yo-lan-da. As the only immigrant in my class, I was put in a special seat in the first row by the window, apart from the other children so that Sister Zoe could tutor me without disturbing them. Slowly, she enunciated(发音) the new words for me to repeat: cornflakes, subway, snow. Soon I picked up enough English to understand a horrible wars was in the air. Sister Zoe explained to us that Russian missiles(导弹) were being collected and brought together, aimed supposedly on New York City.On the television. President Kennedy, looking worried too, was in the television at home, explaining we might have to go to war against the enemies. At school, we had air-raid drills: a worrying bell would go off and we’d move into the hall, fall to the floor, and shelter our heads with our coats. And at home, Mom and I prayed for world peace. I heard new vocabulary: nuclear bomb, radioactive fallout(放射性沉降物), bomb shelter. Sister Zoe explained how it would happen. She drew on the blackboard a picture of a mushroom and a cloud of dusty fallout that would kill us all. The months grew cold, November, December. It was dark when I got up in the morning, and frosty when I followed my breath to school. One morning, as I sat at my desk daydreaming, out the window, I saw dots in the air like the ones Sister Zoe had drawn—random at first, then lots and lots. I screamed, “Bomb！Bomb！” Sister Zoe hurried to me. A few girls began to cry. But then Sister Zoe’s shocked look disappeared. “Why, Yolanda dear, that’s snow!” She laughed. “Snow.”“Snow，” I repeated. I looked out the window cautiously. All my life I had heard about the white snow that fell out of American skies in the winter. From my desk I watched the fine-powder dust the sidewalk and parked cars below.“Each flake(雪花) was different，”Sister Zoe had said，“like a person，irreplaceable and beautiful.” 40. Why was the author seated apart from the other children? A. Because she was punished for not speaking English. B. Because the teacher could help her without bothering others. C. Because she had trouble hearing the teacher clearly. D. Because she was shy and afraid of talking to other students. 41. What can we infer from what Sister Zoe did? A. She paid no attention to the performance of her students. B. She was an immigrant from America. C. She taught students to draw a picture of mushroom. D. She was a thoughtful and caring teacher. 42. During the air-raid-drills, the children would ____________. A. hide themselves under their desks. B. run to their homes immediately. C. pray for world peace together. D. cover their heads with their coats. 43. Realizing that Yolanda mistook snow for radioactive fallout, Sister Zoe _________. A. move into the hall immediately B. corrected her patiently. C. scolded her for making other girls cry D. announced an air-raid-drill. 44. What could be the best title of the passage? A. Snow B. Air-raid-drills. C. The Sister of Charity D. My Childhood in New York. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D 43. B 44. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述作者作为移民孩子，在学校总会得到 Zoe 老师的 特别关照，在一次下雪的时候，作者将雪误认为是炸弹，但 Zoe 老师告诉她说那是雪花，人 如同这雪花一样，都是不可取代而且美丽的。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As the only immigrant in my class, I was put in a special seat in the first row by the window, apart from the other children so that Sister Zoe could tutor me without disturbing them.” 作为班里唯一的移民，我被安排在第一排靠窗的特殊座位上，与其 他孩子分开，这样 Zoe 老师就可以在不打扰他们的情况下指导我。由此可知作者和其他的孩 子分开座，是因为老师想要帮助作者并且不打扰其他同学，故选 B 项。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As the only immigrant in my class, I was put in a special seat in the first row by the window, apart from the other children so that Sister Zoe could tutor me without disturbing them.” 作为班里唯一的移民，我被安排在第一排靠窗的特殊座位上，与其 他孩子分开，这样 Zoe 老师就可以在不打扰他们的情况下指导我。Zoe 老师这样安排座位， 不会打扰到其他同学，对作者还表现出特别关心，由此推断 Zoe 老师是一个既体贴又有爱心 的人，故选 D 项。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At school, we had air-raid drills: a worrying bell would go off and we’d move into the hall, fall to the floor, and shelter our heads with our coats.” 在学校，我们有 空袭演习：令人担忧的铃声会响起，我们会搬到大厅，倒在地板上，用外套遮挡头部。由此 可知，在空袭演习中，孩子们会用外套遮挡头部，故选 D 项。 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But then Sister Zoe’s shocked look disappeared. “Why, Yolanda dear, that’s snow!” She laughed.” 但接着 Zoe 老师震惊的表情消失了。“哎呀，亲爱的尤 兰达，那是雪!”她笑了。由此可知当 Zoe 老师意识到作者把雪误认为炸弹时，她有耐心的 纠正了作者，故选 B 项。 【44 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Each flake(雪花) was different，Sister Zoe had said，like a person， irreplaceable and beautiful.” “每一片雪花都不一样，”佐伊老师说，“就像一个人，无可替 代，美丽无比。”由此故事最后揭示了文章的主题。而雪在文章中就是这个主题的标志，故 选 A 项。 【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种。标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明 文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关； 其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围 不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题 4 中 A 选项揭示文章主旨 大意，与主题密切相关，故选 A 项。 C If you find yourself unable to go more than 15 minutes without reaching into your pocket, pulling out your smart phone and checking your e-mail or WeChat, don’t panic. You are hardly alone. A recent survey shows that smart phone users have developed “checking habit” ---frequently checks of e-mails and other Apps. The checks normally lasted less than 30 seconds and were often done every 10 minutes. On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don’t even realize they are doing it. "I hadn’t told my hand to reach out for the phone. It seemed to be doing it all on its own,” wrote Elizabeth Cohen, a medical correspondent for CNN who watched her right hand sneaking away from her side to grab her phone while sitting on the table at dinner with friends. Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), explains that checking smart phones is rewarding in some way. "Each time you get an e-mail, it’s a little bit exciting, because it means a positive feedback that you’re an important person,” Frank told CNN. Once the brain becomes used to this positive feedback, reaching out for the phone becomes an automatic action you don’t even think about consciously, said Frank. Professor Clifford Nass of Stanford University added that constantly checking your smart phone is also “an attempt to not have to think hard but feel like you are doing something”. However, every coin has two sides. This habit can cause problems. Studies show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according toAdam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF. That’s not the worst. A survey by South Korean marriage consulting agency Duo earlier this year shows that smart phones are destroying intimate relationships, reports The Korea Herald(韩国先驱报). About half of the respondents said they had had fights with their boyfriend or girlfriend because of smart phones. And 32.8 percent of them fought about smart phone obsession. In this respect, checking smart-phones at regular intervals is a bad habit. But just as an old saying goes, “Bad habits die hard.” So to get rid of the checking habit, Cohen suggests establishing phone-free times and zones. 45. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. A smart-phone consumption survey. B. The advantages of smart-phone checking habit. C. The obsession with smart-phone checking. D. They ways to quit smart-phone checking habit. 46. According to the author, what is the most unusual part of the survey? A. Most of the subjects have developed “checking habit”. B. The checks typically last 30 seconds. C. The subjects tend to check their smart-phone frequently. D. The subjects are unaware of the action when checking their smart-phones. 47. With the words by Elizabeth Cohen in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show __________. A. what a “checking habit” is. B. the common existence of “checking habit”. C. the unconsciousness of “checking habit”. D. the harm of “checking habit” to people. 48. According to Loren Frank, checking smart-phones, frequently is __________. A. worthwhile in some way. B. unimportant for those busy people. C. necessary to think hard. D. likely to cause neurological diseases. 49. According to Paragraph 4, what negative effects may “checking habit” have on students? A. Thy might fail in their exams. B. They might get distracted from their work. C. They would make friends with unfamiliar people. D. They would manage to break up with their close friends. 【答案】45. C 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。本文论述了智能手机用户对查看智能手机的痴迷。作者认为，查看手机过 于频繁就成了一个坏习惯，影响工作。 【45 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A recent survey shows that smart phone users have developed “checking habit” ---frequently checks of e-mails and other Apps.(最近的一项调查显 示，智能手机用户已经养成了“查看习惯”——经常查看电子邮件和其他应用程序。)”可 知，智能手机用户已养成反复用手机查看电邮和其他应用程序的习惯，因此，本文主要阐述 了 C 项“The obsession with smart-phone checking(对查看智能手机的痴迷)”符合题意。故选 C 项。 【46 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don’t even realize they are doing it.(研究对象平均每天检查手 机 34 次。最奇怪的是，他们甚至没有意识到自己在做这件事)”可知，研究对象并没有意识 到自己查看手机如此频繁，会无意识的反复去做这个动作，这是最奇怪的。因此，根据作者 的说法，调查中最特别的是：D 项“The subjects are unaware of the action when checking their smart-phones.(受试者在查看他们的智能手机时没有意识到这个动作)”符合题意。故选 D 项。 【47 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“And the strangest part is that they don’t even realize they are doing it. "I hadn’t told my hand to reach out for the phone. It seemed to be doing it all on its own,” wrote Elizabeth Cohen (最奇怪的是，他们甚至没有意识到自己在做这件事。”我没有叫我的手去 拿电话。CNN 的医学记者伊丽莎白·科恩（Elizabeth Cohen）写道)”可知，伊丽莎白·科 恩认为，他的手去拿手机并不是他有意为之，而是一种无意识的行为。因此，根据伊丽莎 白 · 科 恩 在 第 二 段 中 的 话 ， 作 者 意 在 阐 述 ： C 项 “the unconsciousness of “checking habit”.(“查收习惯”的无意识)”符合题意。故选 C 项。 【48 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), explains that checking smart phones is rewarding in some way. “Each time you get an e-mail, it’s a little bit exciting, because it means a positive feedback that you’re an important person,” Frank told CNN.(加州大学旧金山分校的神经科学家弗兰克解释说，查看智 能手机在某种程度上是值得的”，弗兰克对 CNN 说“每次你收到一封电子邮件，都会有点 激动人心，因为这意味着你是一个重要人物的正面反馈”)”可知，查看智能手机在某种程 度上是值得的，因为这意味着有人在乎你。因此，根据罗兰·弗兰克的说法，检查智能手机 时，经常是：A 项“worthwhile in some way.(在某种程度上是值得的。)”符合题意。故选 A 项。 【49 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Studies show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according toAdam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF.(加州大学旧金山分校的神经学家加扎利表示，研究表明，每 当你从正在进行的工作中暂停去检查智能手机时，就很难回到原来的任务上来)”可知，查 看智能手机时，工作暂停，很难再回到原来的工作状态。可见，查看手机的习惯容易让人对 工作分心。因此，根据第四段，“检查习惯”会对学生的负面影响是：B 项“They might get distracted from their work.(可能会使他们对学习分心) ”符合题意。故选 B 项。 D Those with closed minds refused to consider any contradictory facts, and they proceed with their planned course of action, full speed ahead, with their “minds made up” and tightly shut. As an illustration, consider the situation in 1986, prior to the space shuttle Challenger’s disatrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard, there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA (the federal government’s space agency). The engineers insisted that the flight was too risky because of freezing temperature at the Florida launch site. They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to withstand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure, thus endangering the craft and crew. Despite the pleas to stop the flight, officials at NASA overruled the engineers, who were best qualified to make judgments about the complex technical problems of space flight. What caused the officials to ignore the engineers? Several flights had already been postponed, and it would not look good to postpone another. It would be bad public relations to disappoint the crowds of people and news reporters waiting for the launch. Top government officials were ready to appear on the national television and take the credit for another safe flight. As a result, with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers, NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off. Seventy-three seconds later, the spacecraft was enveloped in flame. Incredibly, seventeen years later, the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated. In 2003, the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth’s atmosphere, killing another crew of seven. During the shuttle’s liftoff, a piece of foam insulation(泡沫隔热材料) had broken off, hitting the shuttle's wing at five hundred miles per hour. Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit, which might have shown the extent of the damage, but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests. It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia. There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts and “sticking to your guns” when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one. Closed minds are especially noticeable in political campaigns and debates. Many people line up to support one candidate or another and won’t listen to any facts presented by the opposing candidate. All those with an open mind say is this: “I don’t know everything, so I’d better keep my mind, eyes, and ears open to any new facts that may come along.” The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone had this attitude. 50. Which of the following brought about the disastrous launch of the Challenger? A. Its crew B. The engineers C. The fuel tanks’ seals D. The size of its rocket 51. When the engineers appealed to stop the launch of the Challenger, the government officials ___________. A. postponed the flight at once. B. made judgments about the complex technical problems. C. announced the news on national television. D. ordered to launch the Challenger as scheduled. 52. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. The Columbia disaster was impossible to foresee. B. Engineers were to blame for the Columbia’s explosion. C. The Columbia disaster could have been avoided. D. The Columbia was deliberately damaged. 53. What does the underlined phrase “sticking to your guns” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Holding firm to your own opinion. B. Remaining and firing your gun at enemies. C. Strengthening your status. D. Keeping an open mind. 54. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To inform readers about what an open mind is. B. To entertain readers with two stories of tragedies in space. C. To persuade readers to keep an open mind. D. To criticize what NASA officials had done in aerospace history. 55. How does the author support the argument of the passage? A. By stating arguments. B. By giving examples. C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research result. 【答案】50. C 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. C 55. B 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是封闭的人，不考虑任何矛盾的事实，坚决地、严守秘密地 按照计划行事，全速前进。文中用 1986 年“挑战者”号航天飞机遇难以及 2003 年，哥伦比 亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体来说明这种观点带来的严重后果，并呼吁人们大家对 任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好 和安全。 【50 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to withstand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure, thus endangering the craft and crew.” 他们解释说，燃料箱上的一些密封装置不能承受如此低的温度，在压力下 可能会泄漏，从而危及飞船和船员。可知是油箱密封造成了挑战者号的灾难。故选 C。 【51 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As a result, with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers, NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off. Seventy-three seconds later, the spacecraft was enveloped in flame.” 结果，NASA 的官员们完全不考虑工程 师们提供的事实，命令挑战者号起飞。73 秒后，宇宙飞船被火焰包围。可知是政府官员命 令挑战者号如期发射。故选 D 项。 【52 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Incredibly, seventeen years later, the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated. ” 令人难以置信的是，17 年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。和本 段的“Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit, which might have shown the extent of the damage, but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests. It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia.” NASA 的低层工程师们要求获得哥伦比亚号在轨道上的照片，这样可以显示损 坏的程度，但他们头脑封闭的上级忽略了他们的要求。正是这块 1.7 磅重的绝缘材料造成的 损坏导致了哥伦比亚号的失事。可知同样是头脑封闭的上级忽略了低层工程师的要求，即如 果上级对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，本次事故本可以避免。故选 C 项。 【53 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one.”当所采取的路线显示出所有错误的迹象时；以及上句“There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts ”忽视相互矛盾的事实是没有好处的，划线部分和本句由 and 并列，故应 和“忽视相互矛盾的事实”意义相近，故 A 项（固执己见）符合题意，故选 A 项。 【54 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All those with an open mind say is this: “I don’t know everything, so I’d better keep my mind, eyes, and ears open to any new facts that may come along.” The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone had this attitude.”所有心 态开放的人都会说：我不是什么都知道，所以我最好保持我的头脑，眼睛和耳朵开放，以接 受任何可能出现的新事实。如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。故 文章主要是说服读者要保持开放的心态。故选 C 项。 【55 题详解】 推理判断题。通读文章第一段“As an illustration, consider the situation in 1986, prior to the space shuttle Challenger’s disastrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard, there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA (the federal government s space agency).”作为一 个例子,考虑这种情况，1986 年代“挑战者”号航天飞机发射前,机上七名宇航员全部遇难, 有两个工程师之间的争论激烈的电话产生助推火箭和航天飞机的公司的高层官员 NASA(联 邦政府年代航天局)。以及文章的第三段“Incredibly, seventeen years later, the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated. In 2003, the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth s atmosphere, killing another crew of seven.”令人难以置信的是，17 年后， 挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。2003 年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体， 造成另外 7 名机组人员死亡。可知文章是通过举例支持文章的论点。故选 B 项。 四、阅读表达：10 分 阅读表达 It’s not easy to be a stay-at-home military mom. From military bases to apartments to mobile home communities, the one thing we could always count on was moving. Goodbye to old friends, hello to new ones. From climate to climate and town to town, I found myself wondering if my children would ever be able to put down roots. It’s true that I would be there for them, but money was always short, and sometimes my husband’s pay record would be lost for months. Pinching pennies became an art form. From dusk to dawn, I made my children’s clothing, often redesigning hand-me-downs (旧衣服). I was once asked what made me so creative. My answer was both brief and honest: desperation. My children adjusted with courage and humor. Their strength amazed me. But with no extended family, I often wondered if they would ever feel that they had roots. Would my children be harmed in the long run without feeling roots? What could I do? Then I began gardening. We planted an apple tree. South Carolina is not exactly the perfect apple state. But that was never the point. We just knew the tree we planted really set root there. We lived in the Charleston for nearly eight years and our garden grew larger each year. Not long ago, we did a search on Google Earth, and we found the house that had contained the laughter and dreams that we shared for eight years in Charleston. We scanned closer and closer down, down, and down and there it was, our little apple tree, alive and well. Bittersweet tears rolled down my cheeks as I remembered the day we planted that tree. It had survived hurricanes, drought, and much sorrow, and so had we. At that moment, I finally understood. The apple tree’s roots, growing deep in South Carolina soil, were much like our family. Deep in the soil of shared joys and sorrows, our roots are strong in one another, in faith and in love. 56. What bothered the author as a stay-at-home military mom?(no more than 5 words) 57. How do you understand the underline sentence in Paragraph 2?(no more than 10 words) 58. Why did the author begin gardening ? (no more than 10 words) 59. What did the author and her children search for on the Google Earth?(no more than 10 words) 60. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words) 【答案】56. Moving constantly/ very often/ all the time/ continually. 57. She had to be careful with money./ She had to try every means to save money. 58. To help her children feel they had roots. 59. Their house and apple tree in Charleston. 60. Their family and the apple tree can survive/ get through difficulty. 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一位“军人妈妈”，为了让孩子们感受到“有根 可循”而做出的努力。 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第一段第 2 句：From military bases to apartments to mobile home communities, the one thing we could always count on was moving.（从军事基地到公寓再 到移动住宅社区，我们唯一能指望的就是搬家）可知使作者感到困扰的是“不断地搬家”。 故答案为：Moving constantly/ very often/ all the time/ continually. 【57 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前文内容“…but money was always short…(但是总是缺钱)”以及后文 “From dusk to dawn, I made my children’s clothing, often redesigning hand-me-downs（从黄昏 到黎明，我为孩子们做衣服，经常重新设计旧衣服）可知，作者家里缺钱，需要节省，精打 细算过日子。因此 Pinching pennies became an art form.可以理解为精打细算。故答案为：She had to be careful with money. / She had to try every means to save money. 【58 题详解】 推理判断题。根据前文一系列问句“Would my children be harmed in the long run without feeling roots? What could I do?（从长远来看，如果我的孩子没有根基，他们会受到伤害吗? 我该怎么办呢？）可知，“then I began gardening”为作者认为的答案。因此，开始种植园艺 是为了让孩子们感到有根可循。故答案为：To help her children feel they had roots. 【59 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容：Not long ago, we did a search on Google Earth, and we found the house that had contained the laughter and dreams that we shared for eight years in Charleston. We scanned closer and closer down, down, and down and there it was, our little apple tree, alive and well（不久前，我们在谷歌地球上进行了一次搜寻，我们找到了那座承载着我 们在查尔斯顿八年共同的欢笑和梦想的房子。我们越看越近，越看越近，就在那里，我们的 小苹果树，活得好好的）可知，他们在谷歌地球搜索到了自己曾住过的房子和栽种的苹果树。 故答案为：Their house and apple tree in Charleston. 【60 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章某段末尾两句为该段中心主旨句：The apple tree’s roots, growing deep in South Carolina soil, were much like our family. Deep in the soil of shared joys and sorrows, our roots are strong in one another, in faith and in love.( 苹果树的根深深地埋在南卡罗来纳的土壤 里，很像我们的家。在这片悲欢与共的土地上，我们的根深深地扎在彼此身上，扎在信念和 爱里)可知，该段主要以苹果树一样深深扎根，经历风雨而不倒且延展到作者一家的信念和 爱。故答案为：Their family and the apple tree can survive/ get through difficulty. 五、书面表达：25 分 61. 近日，全国都在提倡垃圾分类，你所在的学校也积极响应。假设你是李津，作为学生会 主席，需要你向全体同学发表一篇演讲，内容包括： 1. 垃圾分类的意义； 2. 在学校如何进行垃圾分类（例如：可回收垃圾收集等） 3. 希望大家积极参与 注意：词数不少于 100；可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 参考词汇：垃圾分类 rubbish classification My fellow students, I’m Li Jin, chairman of the Students' Union. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear fellow students, I’m Li Jin, chairman of the students’ union. Our school has launched a program of rubbish classification. Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. Above all, such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes. The program is of great benefit. We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment. Let’s work together for a better campus! 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生会主席的名义，向全体同学发表一篇演讲，号召 同学们积极响应垃圾分类。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时,少量现在完成时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1.垃圾分类的意义； 2.在学校如何进行垃圾分类（例如：可回收垃圾收集等）; 3.希望大家积极参与。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） a program of rubbish classification; different kinds of garbage; be sorted out; in different dustbins; be recycled; be collected as food for pigs; be processed as fertilizer for plants; such harmful things as plastics and used batteries; of great benefit; save resources; make use of recyclable garbage and harmful things; work together for a better campus! 第三步：连词成句 1. I’m Li Jin, chairman of the students’ union. 2. Our school has launched a program of rubbish classification. 3. Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins. 4. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. 5. Above all, such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes. 6. The program is of great benefit. 7. We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment. 8. Let’s work together for a better campus! 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 如：表文章结构顺序：Above all 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins.（非谓语动词不定式被动式的运用） [高分句型 2] Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. （连词 while 转折，对比的用法） [高分句型 3] We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment.（介词 by 加动名词作方式状语的 运用）