通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点七情态动词和虚拟语气练习含解析 14页

考点七　情态动词和虚拟语气 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．We ________ (enjoy) the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight.‎ 答案：would be enjoying　句意：要不是耽搁了航班，我们现在正在三亚享受阳光。根据后面的“now”和“if it were not for ...”可知，此处是对现在状况的虚拟，故主句用would be doing。‎ ‎2．When I was small, my mom ________ read me stories at night.‎ 答案：would　句意：当我小时候，我母亲常常在晚上给我读故事。would “过去常常”，表示过去的习惯性的行为。‎ ‎3．The accident ________ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we don't know for sure.‎ 答案：might　句意：事故可能是由一条横穿马路的狗引起的，但我们不确定。分析句子可知，本句是对过去动作的推测，可能性不大，故填might。‎ ‎4．He looked so hungry as though he ________ (eat) a decent meal for a month.‎ 答案：hadn't eaten　句意：他看起来如此饿好像已有一个月没有吃过一顿像样的饭了。由主句中的looked可知，as if/though后面跟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。‎ ‎5．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I ________ (keep) you waiting for such a long time.‎ 答案：wouldn't have kept　句意：我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么长时间。句中用了虚拟语气，otherwise说明后面句子的内容和过去事实相反，指如果不被交通阻塞困住，句子谓语动词用“would/should/could/might ＋have＋过去分词”形式。‎ ‎6．Although passing the driving test ________ be difficult now, it's worth the efforts.‎ 答案：can　句意：虽然现在通过驾驶考试可能是困难的，但付出的努力是值得的。此处用can表示有时可能会，故填can。‎ ‎7．My mother ________ (be) angry with me, but I couldn't shut my mouth before I shouted at her!‎ 答案：wouldn't have been　句意：我母亲本来不会对我生气的，但我没有管住自己的嘴，对她大吼大叫了！wouldn't have done “本来不会做某事”。‎ ‎8．I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it ________ (cause) by - 14 -‎ ‎ eating too much.‎ 答案：may/might have been caused　句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也许是因为吃得太多了。根据前句“I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness”可知，这里为不肯定的推测，故用may/might have done “可能做某事”；由于dog's illness与cause之间为被动关系，故答案为may/might have been caused。‎ ‎9．—Can I pay the bill by check?‎ ‎—Sorry, sir. But it is the rule of our hotel that payment ________ be made in cash.‎ 答案：shall　句意：——我可以用支票付账吗？——对不起，先生。但这是我们酒店的规定，应当以现金付款。shall可以在法律条文、规章制度中表示规定或义务等，此处是旅馆的规定。‎ ‎10．Passengers ________ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road.‎ 答案：mustn't　句意：当公共汽车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈，因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开来。此处表示“禁止，不允许”，故用mustn't。‎ ‎11．David didn't attend his daughter's graduation ceremony, but he does wish he ________ (be) there.‎ 答案：had been　句意：戴维没有参加女儿的毕业典礼，但他确实希望他曾在那里。这里wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时。‎ ‎12．Even a small personal computer ________ store vast amounts of information.‎ 答案：can　句意：即使是一台小型个人电脑也能储存大量的信息。此处表示一种能力，故填can。‎ ‎13．The report is scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, so he ________ (attend) the concert with his family yesterday. ‎ 答案：couldn't have attended　句意：这份报告定于明天提交，昨天他不可能和家人去听音乐会。couldn't have done表示对过去事情有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能已经做了某事”。‎ ‎14．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I ________ (have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.‎ 答案：had　根据前面的“I am sorry I am very busy now.”可知，是对现在的虚拟，if从句中使用一般过去时。‎ ‎15．It ________ well be the largest cathedral in the world.‎ 答案：may　句意：它很可能是世界上最大的大教堂。may与well连用，表“很可能”。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎16．Most green tea drinkers do not add milk or sugar, but you ________ if you like.‎ 答案：can　句意：大部分喝绿茶的人不(往茶里)加牛奶或糖，但是如果你喜欢，你可以加。can表示许可，符合句意。‎ ‎17．The head teacher demanded that the paper ________ (finish) after class.‎ 答案：(should) be finished　demand后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，由于finish与the paper之间存在动宾关系，所以用被动语态。‎ ‎18．How I wish I ________ (have) the chance to watch the football games with my father, who was a reporter there.‎ 答案：had had　wish从句用虚拟语气，根据逗号后面的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词was可知，这里表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此应用过去完成时。‎ ‎19．There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ________ (come), but why didn't you?‎ 答案：should have come　句意：昨天的聚会很有趣。你本应该来，为什么没来呀？should have done sth.表示本应该做某事而实际上没做。‎ ‎20．Antarctica was so mystically described by some people. If only I ________ (be) there!‎ 答案：had been　句意：南极洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去过那里就好了！if only “要是……就好了”引导的句子应使用虚拟语气，表示与过去情况相反的假设，应使用过去完成时，故答案为had been。‎ ‎21．It ________ (be) Mr Black because he is away on a trip to China.‎ 答案：can't be　句意：那人不可能是布莱克先生，因为他去中国旅游了。根据because引导的原因状语从句的内容可知，说话者的推测是很有把握的。表示非常有把握的否定推测应该用can't。‎ ‎22．You ________ as well tell us now; we'll find out sooner or later.‎ 答案：may/might　句意：你最好现在告诉我们，我们迟早会查明的。may/might as well是固定搭配，意为“最好，倒不如”。‎ ‎23．The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.‎ 答案：wouldn't　句意：无论她怎么用力推，门总是打不开。主语The door为物，且pushed表示过去，故填wouldn't表示一种倾向性。‎ ‎24．________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.‎ 答案：Should　本句中条件句是对将来状况的虚拟，当条件句中有助动词had, were, should时，可以将if省略，把这些助动词放在句首，构成倒装结构。‎ ‎25．—________ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?‎ - 14 -‎ ‎—Sorry, sir, but it's urgent.‎ 答案：Must　根据第二个问句可知，此处应用must, 意为“非要……，偏要……”，用来告诉某人他的举止使你很生气或困扰。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．If he studies at this school, he would know you well. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：studies→studied　句意：如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。根据后面的主句“would know”可知，本句是对现在的虚拟，故从句应该用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．The order came that the medical supplies are sent to the countryside. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：are→(should) be　此句中that引导同位语从句，解释前面的order 的内容，order后面的从句应该使用虚拟语气“(should) do”的结构，故将are改为be。‎ ‎3．He mustn't be a basketball player, because he is much too short. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：mustn't→can't　句意：他不可能是一个篮球运动员，因为他个子矮。表示不可能，应该是can't，表示否定的推测，而mustn't表示“禁止”。‎ ‎4．Robert's new book about space exploration is fantastic. You simply could read it. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：could→should　句意：罗伯特写的关于太空探索的新书太好了，你应该读一读。根据句意可知应用should，故将could改为should。‎ ‎5．Has he learnt about computer, we would have hired him to work here. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Has→Had　句意：如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们就聘用他来这里工作了。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had置于句首。‎ ‎6．If we booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：booked前加had　句意：如果早一点定位子的话，现在我们就不用站在这里排队了。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故在booked前加had。‎ ‎7．All of us love the weekends, because we can't get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：can't→needn't　根据语境，表示不必，而不是不能，故将can't改为needn't。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎8．He might have gone to bed, for the light was out.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：might→must　句意：他一定已经上床睡觉了，因为灯已经灭了。must have done表示对过去已经发生的事情的肯定推测。might have done “可能做过某事”，表示对过去已经发生的事情把握不大的推测。‎ ‎9．He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：built前加(should) be　command后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，且roads和build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故在built前加(should) be。‎ ‎10．We must go to the concert tonight, but we are not sure yet.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：must→may　句意：我们今天晚上有可能去听音乐会，但是还不确定。must表示肯定的猜测，而may “可能会”表示把握不大的推测。‎ ‎11．I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：was→were　wish后的从句常用虚拟语气，根据语境可知，这里应表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气，be动词常用were。‎ ‎12．You need have studied that late last night. It was harmful to your health.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：need→needn't　由后面的句子可知，前一句句意为“昨天晚上你不必学到那么晚”，因此应用need的否定形式。needn't have done “本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。‎ ‎13．It has been announced that students might remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：might→shall　句意：根据宣布的内容，学生必须留在自己的座位上直到所有的试卷收完为止。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等，应用shall。‎ ‎14．We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：would→may/might　句意：我们最好待在现在待的地方，因为外面不安全。“may/might as well＋动词原形”为固定用法，意思是“不妨做……，最好做……”。‎ ‎15．We can have visited Peking‎ ‎University, but we spent too much time shopping.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：can→could　句意：我们原本可以参观北京大学的，但是我们购物花了太多时间。could have done sth. “本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，表示对过去未能实现的动作的一种责备或惋惜之情。‎ 情态动词 一、can/could ‎1．表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力；2.表可能性：一般用于否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句，can用于肯定句中时表示理论上的可能性或一时的可能性，常译为“有时候会”；3.表示许可：could表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can。‎ Although he is only four, he can play the piano.‎ That can't be Mary, for she is in hospital.‎ Can I use your computer for a while?‎ ‎—Could I borrow your bicycle?‎ ‎—Yes, you can./No, you can't.‎ 二、may/might ‎1．表示请求、允许时，might比may更委婉、客气；2.表推测：表示把握性不大的推测，might表示的可能性比may更小；may/might as well do sth. “不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。‎ Might I use your computer?‎ This pen may be Tom's.‎ You may_as_well_start at once.‎ 三、shall/should ‎1．shall用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见；2.shall用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、许诺等；3.shall还可用在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等；4.should表示“应该”，表主观；5.should可表示推测，意为“应该会；想必会”；6.should还可表示惊讶、意外等，意为“竟然”。‎ Shall he come in or wait outside?‎ You shall hand in the report tomorrow.‎ You should be careful when crossing the street.‎ I don't know why you should think that I did it.‎ 四、must/have to ‎1．must表示非常有把握的推测，仅用于肯定句中；2.表示“必须；不得不”，must侧重主观，have - 14 -‎ ‎ to侧重客观；3.must还可表示“偏要，非要”，表示说话者不耐烦或与自己愿望相反；4.在回答must的问句时，否定回答通常用needn't或don't have to (mustn't表禁止，不表义务)。‎ You must be tired now.‎ If you must know the secret, I can tell you.‎ ‎—Must I clean the room at once?‎ ‎—Yes, you must.‎ ‎—No, you needn't/don't_have_to.‎ 五、will/would ‎1．表示意愿、决心等；2.用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中表示请求；3.表示习惯或反复发生的动作，will表示现在，would表示过去；4.表示按规律“注定会”。‎ I won't argue with you.‎ Would you mind closing the door?‎ Oil will float on water.‎ We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.‎ 六、need/dare need “需要”，dare “敢”，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。‎ You needn't come so early.‎ She dare_not go out alone at night.‎ That boy says it as loudly as he dares.‎ I need_to_go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair.‎ 七、“情态动词＋have done”结构 must have done “过去肯定/准是/一定发生了……”(表肯定推测)，否定式为：can't/couldn't have done should/ought to have done “本应该做而实际未做”‎ shouldn't/oughtn't to have done “本不该做而实际做了”‎ needn't have done “本不必做而实际做了”‎ might/could have done “可能做了……”‎ could have done “本来能够做……”‎ 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2020·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考)So it's high time that teenage smokers ________ (make) up their minds to give up smoking.‎ 答案：made/should make　该句应该使用虚拟语气，其结构为：It is (high) time that - 14 -‎ ‎ sb. did/should do sth.。‎ ‎2．(2019·天津市南开中学高三年级校模拟考试)The bus would not have run into the river ________ (have) it not been for the bad tempered lady.‎ 答案：had　句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。根据句意可知，本句是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had则if可省略，把助动词had提到主语前面，故填had。‎ ‎3．(2019·天津高考)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time.‎ 答案：would have accomplished　此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事”。‎ ‎4．(2019·江苏高考)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ (have) a good time together.‎ 答案：would have had　句意：真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据What a pity! You missed ... 以及or(否则)可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用would have done结构。注意该句中的or相当于if条件句表示含蓄的条件。‎ ‎5．(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ 答案：can　句意：在当今信息时代，数据丢失有时会给一个公司造成严重的问题。can表示“有时会”。‎ ‎6．(2018·北京高考)They might have found a better hotel if they ________ (drive) a few more kilometers.‎ 答案：had driven　句意：如果他们再开几公里的话，他们就会发现一个更好的旅馆了。分析主句中might have found可知，是对过去的推测，从句中应使用过去完成时，故填had driven。‎ ‎7．(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse. I ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ 答案：could/might have left　句意：我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句子中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用“情态动词＋have done”的结构。再根据后面的“but I'm not sure”可知，表示不太肯定的推测，故用could/might have left。‎ ‎8．(2018·天津高考)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.‎ 答案：had caught　句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用had - 14 -‎ ‎ done。‎ ‎9．(2018·江苏高考)It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.‎ 答案：should　句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就拿走了这些书。在句型“It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that ...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句中用“should＋动词原形”。‎ ‎10．(2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.‎ 答案：had　句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望还有第二次机会去更多地参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎11．(2017·天津高考)An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “________ (be) watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.‎ 答案：(should) be　insist表示“坚决要求”讲时，后面的从句要用虚拟语气。‎ ‎12．(2017·江苏高考)Son：Mum, ________ we go and see a film tonight?‎ Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It's convenient with our new and faster network.‎ 答案：shall　儿子征询妈妈的意见问是否可以晚上出去看电影。shall用在第一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方的意见或者建议。‎ ‎13．(2017·江苏高考)________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ 答案：Were　句意：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句中谓语动词用were；在非真实条件句中，如果if从句中有should, had或were时，可以省略if，而把should, had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故答案为Were。‎ ‎14．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ 答案：can　句意：Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩，他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。can “能够”，表示能力，符合语境。‎ ‎15．(2017·天津高考)—Do you have Betty's phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday.‎ 答案：wouldn't have been　句意：——你有Betty的电话号码吗？——有，否则，昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，应该用would have done结构，此处要用否定形式。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎16．(2020·江苏常熟中学高三期初调研试卷)________ it work out, I am sure, your products may go all over the world.‎ 答案：Should　句意：如果成功的话，我相信你们的产品可以销往世界各地。在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语动词有should时，if可省略，将should提前。‎ ‎17．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ 答案：needn't　句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它，我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示不必，所以用needn't。‎ ‎18．(2019·江苏高考)At some time in the past Yellowstone must ________ (blow) up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.‎ 答案：have blown　句意：在过去的某个时候，黄石公园一定发生过一场威力很大的爆炸，远远超过了人类已知的任何等级。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故填have blown。‎ ‎19．(2019·江苏高考)Joni thought that ________ (will) be the end.‎ 答案：would　根据主句中的thought可知，从句中will应用would。‎ ‎20．(2019·郑州质检)Today I am very busy. I would rather that you ________ (come) tomorrow.‎ 答案：came　句意：我今天很忙，我宁愿你明天过来。would rather后的从句用虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词要用过去式。‎ ‎21．(2019·天津高考)I could only ________ (leave) it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some unkown station.‎ 答案：have left　句意：我只能是把它留在G9公共汽车上了，那辆车现在正在黑暗中驶向一个未知的车站。这里could have done表示对过去发生事情的推测。‎ ‎22．(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研)When Muir discovered the Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevadas, it was as if he ________ (come) home.‎ 答案：had come　句意：当米尔在内华达山脉发现了约塞米蒂山谷的时候，就好像回到了家一样。as if连接的句子是对过去的一种假设，使用过去完成时。故填had come。‎ ‎23．(2019·江苏高考)A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) ________ (can) win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.‎ 答案：can't　根据后半句“but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.”可推知，本句句意应为：黑猩猩无法在与现代人的争论中获胜，但却能把人像布娃娃一样撕成碎片。故填can't。‎ ‎24．(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)If I hadn't made it through my nervousness six years ago I would never ________ (get) the chance.‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：have gotten　此处为虚拟语气，如果我六年前没有成功的克服我的紧张，我就不会得到这个机会。是对过去的虚拟，故填have gotten。‎ ‎25．(2020·广西南宁市第三中学高三月考)Some educators recommend that the word ________ (reclaim), rather than banned.‎ 答案：(should) be reclaimed　句意：一些教育家建议，这个词应该被重新使用，而不是禁用。recommend后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should可省略。本题从句中主语the word和谓语reclaim之间为被动关系，故填(should) be reclaimed。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．(2019·天津高考)A list of references must include.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：include→be included　句意：参考书目必须附上。谓语动词include和主语为被动关系，又位于情态动词must之后，故需要用情态动词的被动语态must be included。‎ ‎2．(2019·邯郸模拟)Thank you for your coming to help me tidy up my room, otherwise everything will be in a mess.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：will→would　句意：谢谢你来帮我整理房间，否则一切都会乱糟糟的。otherwise连接的句子是与现在事实相反的虚拟，所以应用“would＋动词原形”。‎ ‎3．(2019·安徽皖南八校联考)If he should not come tomorrow, we put off the meeting till next Wednesday.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：we后加would/could/might/should　句意：如果他明天不来的话，我们将把会议推迟到下周三。对将来情况的虚拟，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。‎ ‎4．(2020·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考)If I am you, I would consider a bike as a birthday present for him.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：am→were　此处表示“如果我是你”，表示与现在的事实相反，故用虚拟语气，be动词用were。‎ ‎5．(2020·河北省衡水中学全国高三第一次联合考试)He would liked to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didn't qualify.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：would后加have　句意：他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬季奥运会，但有大量的速降选手，爱德华兹没有获得参赛资格。根据本句后面的“Edwards didn't - 14 -‎ ‎ qualify”可知，爱德华兹没有成功获得参赛资格，故用“would＋have＋done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。‎ ‎6．(2020·江苏省常熟中学2020届高三期初调研试卷)Traveling by subway shall sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during the rush hour.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：shall→can　句意：乘地铁出行有时可能具有一定风险，尤其是在交通高峰期。shall “将会”；此处用can表示一种理论上的可能性，故将shall改为can。‎ ‎7．(2020·内蒙古鄂尔多斯市第一中学高三月考)Therefore, he suggested the boy give up the major and learnt drawing.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：learnt→learn　suggest表建议时，后面的宾语从句谓语动词需要用“should＋动词原形”，或者省略should直接用动词原形，故将learnt改为learn。‎ ‎8．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system put to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：put前加had been　句意：如果新的安全系统被投入使用，这起事故就不会发生了。此处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，因此if引导的从句谓语动词应为had done，再结合语境，可知用被动语态。‎ ‎9．(2020·甘肃省会宁县第一中学高三上学期第一次月考)We can also order food at home, which is super convenient. If I was at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：was→were　句意：我们也能在家里点餐，非常方便。如果我在柬埔寨的家里，我就得出门了。If条件状语从句中与现在事实相反的情况用一般过去时表示虚拟，如果是系动词be用were，故将was改为were。‎ ‎10．(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)As students, we mustn't study hard so as to serve our society and our nation in the future.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：mustn't→must　根据语境和常识可知，此处应该是“我们必须要努力学习”，故将mustn't改为must。‎ 虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 ‎1．基本用法 - 14 -‎ 说明 if条件句谓语 ‎ 主句谓语 例如 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)‎ would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If I were you, I would go with him.‎ 如果我是你，我就和他一起去。‎ 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词 If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.‎ 如果上学期你学习更努力的话，你考试就会及格了。‎ 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式、should＋动词原形、‎ were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If it snowed tomorrow, we would take photos.‎ 如果明天下雪，我们就去拍照。‎ ‎2．混合虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)‎ 有时非真实条件从句的动作和主句的动作不同时发生，或主从句的动作有一个是事实，这种情况下谓语动词要根据各自的具体情况来确定。‎ If it had_rained last night, it would_be wet now.‎ ‎3．含蓄虚拟语气 有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表现的，而是通过一些词或短语来表示，如：without, but for, otherwise, but等。‎ I couldn't_have_finished the work on time without your help.‎ But_for your timely warning, we would_have_got_into great trouble.‎ ‎4．非真实条件句中省略if的用法 如果非真实条件句的谓语动词中有had, were, should，可省略if，而将had, were, should提前形成部分倒装。‎ Had he taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.‎ Should it be sunny tomorrow, we would go hiking.‎ Were there no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.‎ 二、虚拟语气用于其他从句中 ‎1．用于表示要求、命令、建议、推荐等意义的动词，如：order, require, demand, suggest, advise, propose, command, request, insist, recommend等后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词为“(should＋)动词原形”。由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。‎ - 14 -‎ The teacher ordered that all of the students (should)_be here on time.‎ We followed his advice that we (should)_give up the plan.‎ His suggestion is that we (should)_accept these gifts.‎ 注意：①suggest作“建议”讲时，后面的从句用虚拟语气；作“暗示，表明”讲时，后面的从句用陈述语气。‎ I suggest that you (should)_come here early tomorrow.‎ All the evidence suggested that we were right.‎ ‎②insist表示“坚决要求”或“坚持主张”之意时，其后用虚拟语气，即(should＋)动词原形；但表示“坚持说，坚持认为”之意时，其后使用陈述语气。‎ She insists that we (should)_leave at 6：00 tomorrow morning, or we might miss the flight.‎ Little Tony insisted that he had_seen a man flying in the sky last night.‎ ‎2．在as if, as though, if only引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在情况相反，从句谓语用过去式(be动词常用were)；与过去情况相反，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”；与将来情况相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。‎ He works with such enthusiasm as if he were never tired.‎ He talked about the film as if/as though he had really seen it.‎ ‎3．在“It is desired/suggested/requested/recommended/ordered/strange/surprising/astonishing＋that从句”中，谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ It is strange that the girl (should)_be so mean.‎ ‎4．在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式。‎ It is high time that people learnt English.‎ ‎5．would rather后接宾语从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；表示与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时。‎ I would rather that you came next Saturday.‎ I would rather that I had_not_seen the film last night.‎ - 14 -‎