山东省高密市教科院 高三高考二轮复习英语《名词性从句》学案 5页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 山东省高密市教科院 高三高考二轮复习英语《名词性从句》学案 学习目标： 1. 掌握主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句的用法； 2. 辨别使用引导名词性从句的连接词； 3. 区分同位语从句和定语从句。 高考考查重点： 1. that 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别； 2. 名词性从句的语序和时态； 3. it 作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况； 4. 宾语从句的否定转移； 5. whether 和 if 的用法区别； 6. what 在名词性从句中的使用； 7. who / whoever, what / whatever 等的用法区别； 8. 连接词 that 的省略。 【2012 辽宁卷】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and scarched for he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever 【考点】连词用法。【答案】C 【解析】介词 for 后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中 find 缺少宾语，所以用 whatever，选 C 项 【2012 四川卷】17. Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether 【答案】 B 【考点】本题考查名词性从句。 【解析】句意为：科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。根据句意，故答案选 B。 【2012 江西卷】25．It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. A．whether B．where C．which D.that 【答案】D 【考点】考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。 【解析】it 作形式主语，真正的主语为 that he had left his ke ys in the office。且 that 在 句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。 【2012 浙江卷】4._________ I made a promise to myself______ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how 【考点】名词性从句—同位语从句【答案】C 【解析】that 引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语 promise 的内容。 【2012 江苏卷】27.The notice came around two in the afternoon__________ the meeting would be postponed. A. when B. that C. whether D. how 【考点】名词性从句-同位语从句【答案】B 【解析】句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice， 作同位语从句，在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。 引导名词性从句的连接词 可分为三类： 1. 连词：that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 2. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whom, whose, etc.不仅起到 连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。 3. 连接副词：when, where, how, why, etc. 主语从句 Eg：How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 下列情况下只用 whether： 1. 引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. 引导表语 从句 The question is whether he’ll come. 3. 从句作介词宾语 I’m not sure about whether we’ll win. 4. 从 句后有"or not" Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it. 主语从句常用 it 作形式主语放句首 有以下四种不同的结构 a. It + be + 形容词 + that-从句 It is necessary that … 有必要……It is important that …重要的是…… It is obvious that … 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词 + that-从句 It is believed that …人们相信…… It is known to all that … 众所周知…… It has been decided that …已决定…… c. It + be + 名词 + that-从句 It is common knowledge that … ……是常识 It is a surprise that … 令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that …事实是…… d. It + 不及物动词 + that-分句 It appears that …似乎……It happens that …碰巧…… It occurred to me that …我突然想起…… 表语从句 需要注意的问题 1. 表语从句可以用 that, why, where, when, how, whether, what, who, which 等词引导。 2. 在 that 引导的表语从句中，that 不能用 which 来替换。 3. 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示“建议”或者是“命令”之类的词, 如: advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea 等, 那么从句中的动词通常用(should) + 动词原形。 1) My suggestion is that we all ________ (take) an active part in the coming sports meet. 2) His proposal was that the work _________ (finish) in five hours. 宾语从句 1. 作动词的宾语 She did not know what had happened. 动词 + 间接宾语 + 宾语从句 She told me that she would accept myinvitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, certain, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content 等 4. it 可以作为形式宾语 She has made it clear that she will get married next month. 5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词 这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用 that 引导的宾语从句。 I admire their winning the match. （Right） I admire that they won the match. （Wrong） 6. 有些动词不可用于“动词 + 间接宾语 + that 从句”结构中。 常见的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, advise 等。 He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 同位语从句 它一般放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导 同位语从句的词有连词 that, 连接副词 how, when, where, whether 等。 注意: 同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开 The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won. 同位语从句的简易判断方法： 我们可以在名词和从句之间加 be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从 句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。 The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries. The belief is that the earth is flat. 巩固练习 1. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007 上海)A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where 2. ______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. (2007 山东) A. This B. That C. What D. It 3. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (2007 江苏)A. what B. why C. how D. whether 4. Could I speak to _________ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007 山东)A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who 5. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ______ it is. (2007 天津) A. what B. which C. how D. where 6. He didn’t make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007 天津) A. this B. that C. it D. these 7. ______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008 上海春) A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 8. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ______ he will do or think. (2008 上海) A. what B. which C. whom D. that 9. The news ______ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper. (2008 上海春) A. which B. whether C. what D. that 10. It has been proved ______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008 上海) A. if B. because C. when D. that 11. ______ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008 浙江) A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 12. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ______ the party is to be held? (2008 陕西) A. what B. which C. that D. where 13. News came from the school office _____ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009 四川) A. which B. what C. that D. where 14. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009 江西) A. what B. which C. that D. though 15. We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science. (2009 重庆) A. that B. when C. which D. where 16. Many young people in the West are expected to leave ______ could be life’s most important decision — marriage — almost entirely up to luck. (2009 江苏)A. as B. that C. which D. what 17. It is not immediately clear ______ the financial crisis will soon be over. (2009 上 海)A. since B. what C. when D. whether 18. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _____ it got any better. (2009 北京) A. when B. how C. why D. if 19. We haven’t discussed yet _______ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010 全 国 I) A. that B. which C. what D. where 20. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _____ she was so angry. (2010 湖南) A. where B. whether C. that D. why 21. — I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. — That’s ______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. (2010 江苏) A. where B. how C. when D. what 22. One reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010 上海) A. that B. how C. what D. why 23. It is uncertain _____ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010 浙江) A. that B. what C. how D. whether 24. _____ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010 北京) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 A. Whether B. What C. That D. How 25. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know ______ she’ll accept it. (2011 山东) A. where B. what C. whether D. which 26. The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. (2011 江西) A. this B. that C. what D. which 27. I’d like to start my own business — that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money. (2011 陕西) A. why B. when C. which D. what 28. The shocking news made me realize ______ terrible problems we would face. (2011 北京)A. what B. how C. that D. why 29. _______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (2011 北京) A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 30. It was never clear ______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. (2011 江苏) A. that B. how C. when D. why 31. There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2011 上海) A. what B. if C. how D. that 32. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything. (2011 山东) A. that B. when C. where D. why 33.When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in t he army. (2011 辽宁) A. since B. which C. that D. because 34. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____ it is he is trying to express. (2011 安徽) A. that B. how C. who D. what 35. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______ the problem itself is. (2011 湖南) A. what B. that C. which D. why