2020版高考英语总复习Unit1Friendship 人教版必修1 23页

Unit 1　Friendship Step 1　课前准备——单元考点　自查自测 ‎1.词汇分层级识记过关　2.语境活用填写过关　3.经典句式背诵仿写过关　4.类词巧积累事半功倍 ‎(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用 ‎(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用 23‎ ‎(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵 Step 2　课堂探究——核心考点　点点突破 ‎1.重点难点考点学通练透　2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野　3.方法规律技巧权威点拨　4.面面俱到打创高效课堂 23‎ 第一时段　Warming up & Reading ‎1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt.使不安；使心烦；打翻 ‎[教材原句]　Your friend comes to school very upset.‎ 你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。‎ ‎(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心/难过 be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过 be upset that... ……让人不安 ‎(2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼 It upsets sb. to do sth./that...让某人心烦的是……‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Tom was upset ____________(know) that his request for a mobile phone was turned down by his parents.‎ ‎②Our plans ____________(upset) by the sudden change in the weather, so we had to try another way.‎ 一句多译 最让我们沮丧的是，因为狂风暴雨我们的航班被推迟了。‎ ‎③________________ most was that our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.(名词性从句)‎ ‎④________________ most that our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.(it形式主语)‎ ‎[答案]　①to know　②were upset　③What upset us　④It upset us ‎[知识顾问]　(1)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。‎ ‎(2)upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。‎ ‎2．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n．关心；关注 ‎[教材原句]　You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.‎ 告诉你的朋友你关心他/她，下课后你们就见面谈谈。‎ ‎(1)show/express concern about/for对……表示关心 ‎(2)concern oneself about 对……表示关心/担心 ‎(3)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的 be concerned about/for 担心……；关心……‎ be concerned with 与……有关；涉及 as far as... be concerned 就……而言；依……之见 23‎ ‎(4)concerning prep. 关于；有关 单句语法填空 ‎①________(concern) self－English learning experience, I've got lots of interesting stories to share with you all.‎ ‎②The survey questioned 58 women with an average age of 22—young enough to be ________(concern) about body image.‎ 句型转换 ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)As far as I am concerned, the more you practise paper－cutting, the better at it you will become.‎ ‎→_____________________________________________, the more you practise paper－cutting, the better at it you will become.‎ 单句写作 随着全球变暖越来越严重，当今人们越来越关心他们居住的环境。‎ ‎④With the global warming getting worse, people nowadays _________________________________________‎ ‎(＝__________________________________) the environment ‎ where they live.‎ ‎[答案]　①Concerning　②concerned　③In my opinion/In my view　④are more and more concerned about; show more concern about ‎[易错提醒]　concerned adj.有关的；担心的。当它作前置定语时，意为“忧虑的；担忧的；担心的”；而作后置定语时，意为“有关的；涉及的”。‎ ‎3．add up合计 ‎[教材原句]　Add up your score and see how many points you get.‎ 把你的分数相加，看你得多少分。‎ ‎(1)add up to 加起来是……，相当于 add to 增加；促进 add... to... 把……加到……上 add that... 补充说 ‎(2)addition n. 添加 in addition to 除……之外 用add up, add up to, add... to, add to的适当形式填空 ‎①The bad weather ________________ the shipwrecked sailor's difficulties.‎ ‎②We just ________ all the numbers ________ and divided one by the other.‎ ‎③For a hit show, profits can ________________ millions of dollars.‎ 23‎ ‎④Unlike the Chinese, the English like to ________ milk and sugar ________ tea.‎ ‎[答案]　①added to　②added; up　③add up to　④add; to ‎4．go through经历；经受；检查；完成；(法案等)通过；浏览 ‎[教材原句]　Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through?‎ 或害怕你的朋友会嘲笑你，或不理解你正经历的事情？‎ go against 违背；违反 go by 逝去；过去 go on 继续；进行 go out 出去；熄灭 go over 复习；仔细检查 go up 上涨；上升 写出下列句中go through的含义 ‎①Although he has gone through ups and downs, I believe he will succeed one day.____________‎ ‎②With great concentration she went through the movements.____________‎ ‎③Her application went through and she was employed.____________‎ ‎④We spent days going through all related reference material.____________‎ ‎⑤As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.____________‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥I won't know how successful it is until an accountant ________________ the books.‎ 我要等到会计仔细查看过账目后才会知道盈利状况如何。‎ ‎[答案]　①经历　②完成　③通过；批准　④检查　⑤浏览　⑥has gone over ‎5．set down放下；记下；让……下车；登记 ‎[教材原句]　I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.‎ 我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。‎ set up 开办；建立；设立 set aside 留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)；不顾；把……置于一边 set off 出发；动身；引起；使爆炸 set out to do sth. 开始、着手做某事 23‎ set about doing sth. 着手做某事 用set构成的短语填空 ‎①You had better ________________ your idea before you forget it.‎ ‎②In the long run, it is time for us to ________________ solving this problem.‎ ‎③In 1963 the UN ________________ the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ 完成句子 ‎④A gang of boys ________________ fireworks in the street.‎ 一帮男孩正在街上放烟火。‎ ‎[答案]　①set down　②set about　③set up　④were setting off ‎6．“连词＋分词短语”省略句式 ‎[教材原句]　While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.‎ 遛狗的时候，你不小心把狗松开了，它被车撞了。‎ ‎(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。‎ ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In SaveMoney: GoodFood, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, ________________ recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.‎ 在节目SaveMoney: GoodFood中，她每周参观一个不同的家庭，在大厨Matt Tebbutt的帮助下给出最好的建议：当每天每家准备食物时，不超过五英镑的钱，减少食物浪费。‎ ‎②When __________ why he was late for class, he kept silent.‎ 当被问到为什么上课迟到，他保持沉默。‎ ‎(2)当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词同时省略。‎ ‎③________________， I want to avoid the rush hour traffic.‎ 如果可能，我想避开交通高峰时间。‎ ‎④________________， you'd better not refer to the dictionary.‎ 除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。‎ ‎[答案]　①while preparing　②asked　③If (it is) possible　④Unless (it is) necessary ‎7．“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句式 ‎[教材原句]　I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.‎ 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无 23‎ 比狂热。‎ ‎(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that)。另外要注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词。‎ ‎①________________ met Mary on my way to school last night.‎ 昨天晚上在上学的路上我遇到了玛丽。‎ ‎②_________________________________________ I met Mary last night.‎ 昨天晚上就是在上学的路上我遇到了玛丽。‎ ‎③________________________ I met Mary on my way to school.‎ 就是在昨晚我在上学的路上遇到了玛丽。‎ ‎(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?‎ ‎④________________________ she lost her watch this morning?‎ 今天早晨她是在街上丢了手表吗？‎ ‎(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?‎ ‎⑤________________ you came late again?‎ 你到底为什么又来晚了？‎ ‎(4)对not... until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。‎ ‎⑥People say, “Guilin's scenery is peerless in the world.” ________________ I visited the place ________ I found it really worthy of the reputation.‎ 人们都说“桂林山水甲天下”，直到我到桂林一看，才发现它果然名不虚传。‎ ‎[答案]　①It was I who/that　②It was on my way to school that　③It was last night that　④Was it in the street that　⑤Why was it that　⑥It was not until; that ‎8．before引导时间状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　She and her family hid away for nearly twenty－five months before they were discovered.‎ 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。‎ before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思：‎ ‎(1)还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生)；(2)……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长而从句的动作才开始)；(3)在……之前；(4)(不久)就……；(5)以免……；(6)趁着……(还没有)‎ ‎①________________， he had left.‎ 我还没来得及说话，他就已经离开了。‎ ‎②I must write it down ________________ it.‎ 23‎ 趁着我还没忘，我得把它记下来。‎ ‎③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)________________ an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.‎ 在我了解到这一点之前，一个小时就已经过去了，该去吃午饭了。‎ ‎④_________________________________________ we meet again.‎ 不久之后我们会再次相见。‎ ‎[答案]　①Before I could say a word　②before I forget ‎③Before I knew it　④It won't be long before 语境串考点 ‎(语法填空)‎ While 1.____________(travel) in Sanya, I happened to meet Lin Mei. I knew that she had gone 2.____________ great hardship in her business, which made her 3.____________(upset). After I went home, I couldn't calm 4.____________ and set 5.____________ a series 6.____________ methods 7.____________(concern) with her business. I decided to talk with her face 8.____________ face 9.____________ dusk and helped her out with my 10.____________(powerful).‎ ‎[答案]　1.traveling　2.through　3.upset　4.down　5.down　6.of　7.concerned　8.to　9.at　10.power 第二时段　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎1．settle vt.使定居；安排；解决　vi.安家；定居；停留 ‎[教材原句]　She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.‎ 她觉得在藏身的地方难以安定和平静下来，因为她担心他们是否被发现。‎ ‎　‎ ‎(1)settle in/into 安顿下来；习惯于；适应 settle down (使)安定；定居 settle down to (doing) sth. 着手认真做某事 ‎(2)settlement n. 解决；定居 settler n. 移居者；殖民者 单句语法填空 ‎①With the problem ________(settle), he went home happily.‎ ‎②Having settled into a beautiful village, he settled down to ________(do) his ‎ 23‎ research.‎ ‎③(2017·天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle ________， get married, and have kids.‎ ‎④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling ________ to become farmers.‎ ‎[答案]　①settled　②doing　③in　④down ‎[易错提醒]　短语settle in/into(适应)中，in为副词，into为介词；settle (down) in Beijing在北京定居。‎ ‎2．suffer vt. & vi.遭受；忍受；经历 ‎[教材原句]　She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.‎ 她遭受孤独，但是在那儿她又不得不学着喜欢它。‎ ‎(1)suffer from 受……折磨；患……病 suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨饿 ‎(2)suffer pain/hardship/punishment 遭受痛苦/艰难/惩罚 ‎(3)sufferer n. 受苦难者；患病者 ‎(4)suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛 苦；苦难 单句语法填空 ‎①Among obese adults, about 50 percent also suffer ________ high levels of blood sugar and fat.‎ ‎②The war brought great ________(suffer) to the people of the world.‎ 单句写作 ‎③油价急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。‎ The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries ______________________.‎ ‎[答案]　①from　②suffering　③suffered a great loss ‎[技巧点拨]　(1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等，如：suffer pain/defeat/losses/the result/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。‎ ‎(2)suffer from常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词，表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如：suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold disease“遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/患病”。‎ ‎3．recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得 ‎[教材原句]　How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it's so dirty and dusty?‎ 23‎ 当这个房间又脏又满是灰尘时，住在里边的琳达怎么能从疾病中恢复过来呢？‎ ‎(1)recover from 从……中恢复过来 recover oneself 镇定下来 ‎(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；痊愈 make a recovery from... 从……中恢复过来 单句语法填空 ‎①The girl soon recovered ________(she) and stopped shouting.‎ ‎②The doctors are confident he'll make a full ________(recover)．‎ ‎③It took her a long time for her to recover ________ a bad cough.‎ 句型转换 ‎④Even though he was wounded seriously in the battle, he finally recovered from it.‎ ‎→Even though he was wounded seriously in the battle, he finally ________________________ it.‎ ‎[答案]　①herself　②recovery　③from　④made a recovery from ‎4．get/be tired of对……厌烦 ‎[教材原句]　I've got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.‎ 我厌倦了透过肮脏的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然。‎ be/get tired with/from 因……而劳累/疲倦 tiring adj. 使人疲劳的；累人的 单句语法填空 ‎①I don't like study. I really got tired ________ it.‎ ‎②She has been working since this morning, so she is really tired ________ her work.‎ ‎[答案]　①of　②with/from ‎5．get along with与……相处；进展 ‎[教材原句]　I'm getting along well with a boy in my class.‎ 我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎(1)get along/on (well/nicely) with sb.‎ 与某人相处得(好)‎ get along/on (well/nicely/smoothly) with sth.‎ 某事进展得(好/顺利)‎ 23‎ ‎(2)get down to (doing) sth.　开始做某事 get through (电话)接通；用完；通过；度过 get over 克服；摆脱 get rid of 消灭；摆脱；除掉 选用上述短语填空 ‎①While studying abroad, he ________________ his classmates and made friends with them.‎ ‎②As a student, you should ________________ your bad habits.‎ ‎③Believe in yourself. You will ________________ the difficulty.‎ ‎④I don't know how they ________________ those hot days.‎ 单句写作 ‎⑤除此之外，我们应该学会如何与其他人和睦相处。‎ In addition, we should learn ________ others.‎ ‎⑥你该开始认真地做些练习了，不然，你就要落在别的同学后面了。‎ It's time you ________________ some practice or the other students will leave you behind.‎ ‎[答案]　①got on/along well with　②get rid of　③get over　④got through　⑤how to get along well with ‎⑥got down to ‎6．“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句式 ‎[教材原句]　Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.‎ 虽然我尽力去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。‎ ‎(1)find it＋adj.＋to do sth.“觉得做某事是……的”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式。本句型中的形容词可以用hard, difficult, easy, comfortable, interesting, possible等。‎ ‎①He found ________________ to deal with his boss.‎ 他发现跟老板打交道很难。‎ ‎(2)find＋宾语＋宾补(形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词等)。‎ ‎②As soon as he got off the car, he found his village completely ________.‎ 他一下车发现村子完全变了。‎ ‎③On arriving at the school gate, Li Ming found his deskmate ________ for him.‎ 李明一到校门口发现他的同桌在等着他。‎ ‎(3)find＋oneself＋宾补“发现自己处于某种状态”，常含有一种“在不知不觉中……”‎ 23‎ 的意思。‎ ‎④When the old man came to himself, he found himself ________________.‎ 当老人苏醒过来时，他发现自己躺在地上。‎ ‎⑤When he woke, he found himself ________________.‎ 当他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。‎ ‎[答案]　①it difficult　②changed　③waiting　④lying on the floor　⑤in hospital 语境串考点 ‎(短文改错)‎ ‎　　Mary suffered loneliness, because it was the first time that she has settled down in a new school, where the teenager didn't get along well to her. Soon she got ill. The teachers and her classmates took care of her very well, which she was grateful to very much. After she recovered of her illness, she was not tired from her new school, believing she would fall love with the school. She joined in a study group and learned many tip on her lessons.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ Mary suffered loneliness, because it was the first time that she settled down in a new school, where the didn't get along well her. Soon she got ill. The teachers and her classmates took care of her very well, which she was grateful very much. After she recovered her illness, she was not tired her new school, believing she would fall love with the school. She joined a study group and learned many on her lessons.‎ Step 3　课后演练——知识能力　链接高考 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to ________(concern) about increased screen time.‎ ‎[答案]　concerns ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no ‎ 23‎ interest in ________(settle) down.‎ ‎[答案]　settling ‎3．(2018·江苏卷)It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly ________(concern) about ‘bad tables’” given that they are profitable.‎ ‎[答案]　concerned ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in ________(add) to seasonal specials.‎ ‎[答案]　addition ‎5．The fast economic development before 2018 was probably the most ________(power) engine driving the constant growth in the box－office income.‎ ‎[答案]　powerful ‎6．(2015·安徽卷)________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ ‎[答案]　Ignoring ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly ________(calm) down.‎ ‎[答案]　calmed ‎8．The astronauts will suffer ________ a carbon－dioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time.‎ ‎[答案]　from ‎9．(2017·浙江卷)Because sleepiness is such a problem for ________(teenager), some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.‎ ‎[答案]　teenagers ‎10．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Once, while ________(work) overnight at a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck.‎ ‎[答案]　working Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．While crossed the road, he was knocked over.____________‎ ‎[答案]　crossed→crossing ‎2．He let out the secret with purpose in order to earn money.____________‎ ‎[答案]　with→on ‎3．It's no pleasure go camping on such a foggy day.____________‎ ‎[答案]　go→going 23‎ ‎4．There was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic that Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.____________‎ ‎[答案]　There→It ‎5．Zhang Jike and Jing Tian have fallen in love with each other for a year.____________‎ ‎[答案]　fallen→been ‎6．I would be grateful for you if you could lend me your car.____________‎ ‎[答案]　for→to ‎7．Charlie and his mother often disagree to with each other. They have different opinions on most things.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉to ‎8．How are you getting along about your English study？____________‎ ‎[答案]　about→with ‎9．I have got tired to eating the same food every morning.____________‎ ‎[答案]　to→of ‎10．He found necessary to get a map while travelling abroad.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在found后加it Ⅲ.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子 ‎1．我通常知道我想说什么，但是用语言表达出来却有困难。(have trouble doing...)‎ I often know what I want to say but _________________________‎ it in words.‎ ‎[答案]　have trouble expressing ‎2．这是他第三次被警告有危险了。(It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that...)‎ ‎________________________________ that he had been warnedof the danger.‎ ‎[答案]　It was the third time ‎3．(2018·天津卷)长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。(强调句式)‎ ‎____________ at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ ‎[答案]　It is; that ‎4．他发现使父母骄傲很难。(find＋it＋adj.＋to do...)‎ He found ______________ to make his parents proud.‎ ‎[答案]　it hard ‎5．还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。(状语从句的省略)‎ ‎________________ at university, he discovered the secret of how to create life.‎ ‎[答案]　While studying 23‎ ‎6．归还我丢失钱包的年轻夫妇，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就已经离开了。(before引导时间状语从句)‎ The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ____________ their names.‎ ‎[答案]　before I could ask for 高考题型分组训练 阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·长春质检)When the telephone rings late at night, most women guess it must be one of only four or five people calling. A sister? Maybe. An emergency? Possibly. A mother? Probably not at that time of night. Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken because she has split_up with her boyfriend again or perhaps simply that a good movie has just started on TV.‎ At a time when families are spread far and wide and marriages often end in divorce, friendships are becoming more and more important. Erika, a 32－year－old lawyer, is strengthened by her ten－year friendship with her married friend Jane. “I was very sick one night, so I called Jane at about 3：00 a．m. to talk about it，” she says. “She was very supportive and even came over to take me to the doctor's.”‎ As American TV shows like Friends have become more popular, many of us are beginning to see the value of such friendships. TV shows like this tell us that our romantic relationships may not last, but we need to keep in touch with our close friends if we want to survive.‎ With Erika's family 200 miles away, it is Jane who keeps a spare set of keys to Erika's apartment and waters her plants whenever she is away. “Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.” Jane, who may move to a different city soon, is worried about leaving such a support system of friends. “My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and, therefore, I don't have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them. Friends are more up to date with what is happening.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，以Erika与Jane的友谊和美剧Friends为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点。‎ 23‎ ‎1．A late－night phone call for most women is probably from ________.‎ A．a relative B．a friend C．a doctor D．a stranger ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Much more probably it is a close female friend... or perhaps simply that a good movie has just started on TV.”可知，深夜给女性打电话的可能是一个朋友，故B项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎2．What does the underlined phrase “split up” in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ A．Shown up. B．Picked up.‎ C．Broken up. D．Taken up.‎ ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句可推知，更有可能的是，一位亲密的女性朋友打电话告诉你，她很伤心，因为她又和男友分手了，spilt up与break up意思相近，表示“分手”，故C项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．According to the passage, we can learn that Erika ________.‎ A．is Jane's male friend B．treasures Jane's friendship C．has been married for 10 years D．lives far away from Jane ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and, therefore, I don't have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them”可知，Erika认为她的朋友比父母更多地参与她的生活，因此，她不需要花很多时间来向她们解释事情；据此可以判断，Erika很珍惜和Jane的友谊，故B项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Friendship Counts B．Friendship Demands Freedom C．Friendship Needs Understanding D．Friendship Strengthens Romance ‎[解析]　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以Erika与Jane的友谊和美剧Friends为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点；故A项最能体现主题，适合作文章的标题。‎ ‎[答案]　A B ‎“Hi, Mrs. Grady，” said Mark when their neighbor opened her door. “Would you ‎ 23‎ like us to shovel(铲) your sidewalk and driveway？” Shoveling was Jamie's idea, a way to earn enough money for the new OceanKingdom video game that came out the next day.‎ Mrs. Grady was happy, “That would be wonderful, boys. I think the job is getting to be too much for me.”‎ ‎“It will cost 10 dollars，” Jamie said. “If that's OK，” Mark added.‎ ‎“Oh dear，” Mrs. Grady said disappointedly, “I haven't been able to get to the bank. I can offer homemade cookies, but I realize that's not what you had in mind.”‎ Mark was going to say that Mrs. Grady could pay them another time, but Jamie cut him off. “We'll come back later.”‎ Mrs. Grady doesn't look like the person who'd come to Mark's rescue last summer when Mr. Dunn's dog Goldie had just wanted to play, but Mark didn't feel comfortable around big dogs. He wanted to call for help, but his tongue seemed locked behind his teeth. Then Mrs. Grady's front door had flown open. She must have seen him from across the street. “Hold on, Mark. I'm coming！”“Goldie！” she'd called.As soon as Goldie had turned her head, Mrs. Grady had slipped between Mark and the dog. She wasn't much taller than Mark, but she'd stood firm as a rock in front of him. “Goldie, go home！” Then she'd swept her broom to hurry the dog along. “Get！” Goldie had obeyed.‎ When Mark showed thanks to Mrs. Grady, Mrs. Grady laughed. “It was nothing. Good neighbors watch out for each other, don't they？”‎ And now Mrs. Grady needed Mark as much as he'd needed her last summer. He smiled and waved at Mrs. Grady, then his shovel deep into the snow.‎ ‎“Hey！” Jamie shouted. “What are you doing？” Mark couldn't explain about Goldie and watching out for neighbors, “I like Mrs. Grady's cookies，” he said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Mark和Jamie本来想通过为Grady夫人铲除人行道和私人车道上的积雪来挣零花钱，但是Grady夫人没有足够现金，所以提出用自己做的饼干来交换。虽然Jamie想回绝，但是Mark想到Grady夫人曾经帮助过自己就欣然答应了。‎ ‎5．Why did Jamie and Mark plan to clear the snow for Mrs. Grady at first?‎ A．To help the lady.‎ B．To visit New Kingdom.‎ C．To do volunteer work.‎ D．To earn pocket money.‎ 23‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“Shoveling was Jamie's idea, a way to earn enough money for the new Ocean Kingdom video game that came out the next day.”可知本题选D项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎6．Mrs. Grady couldn't pay them most probably because ________.‎ A．she didn't have enough cash B．she couldn't find the bank C．she thought it was worthless D．she couldn't afford it ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“I haven't been able to get to the bank”可推断出Grady夫人不付钱可能是因为没有足够现金。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎7．According to the story, which of the following words can be used to describe Mrs. Grady best?‎ A．Greedy. B．Hopeful.‎ C．Hard－working. D．Helpful.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。文章第六段描述了Grady夫人是如何帮助Mark的，由此可推知本题选D项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎8．Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the story?‎ A．A penny saved is a penny earned.‎ B．Kindness is repaid with kindness.‎ C．Birds of a feather flock together.‎ D．Actions speak louder than words.‎ ‎[解析]　主旨大意题。Mark之所以留下来帮助Grady夫人扫雪是因为他想到之前受到的帮助，所以选B项。‎ ‎[答案]　B C ‎(2018·广州高三调研)I wanted to have tea with Nirad in a tea break during a retreat(静养). I was holding the cup so he could sip(小口喝) tea. I was being careful and poured a small quantity in his mouth. I enjoyed concentrating on each moment and listening deeply to do a good job with serving tea.‎ We were immediately connected and befriended each other during this time. Two other retreat participants joined and then there were four of us talking about ‎ 23‎ varieties of topics which ranged from how Nirad progressed in his education to cool ones like how he maintains his weight, etc. These conversations brought smiles and it seemed we all knew each other from long time ago. In subtle(巧妙的) ways, we quietly felt the connection.‎ When we finished tea, I felt like tying a wrist thread for Nirad. The wristband had the letters that read “WE” on one side and “ME” on the other if read upside down. This beautiful gift was received from the Moved By Love team (a non－profit volunteer organization in India). I told Nirad that my youngest brother is about his age, and he gave me a sweet calm smile.‎ I felt deep content during this teatime. I had actually lived those moments, being sympathetic and friendly. It was an experience of joy. Later, during the retreat, each time myself and Nirad happened to greet or talk, we smiled naturally and felt connected.‎ It's sad that we don't connect deeply, even with our family or friends. We are just too busy running after things, going nowhere. We don't seem to concentrate or care enough for people during our conversations. I had these valuable realisations later.‎ On the last day of the retreat, I told Nirad, “This was the best teatime I ever had in my life.” He gave me a warm, unforgettable smile.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者在静养期间结交好友的故事。‎ ‎9．What can we learn about Nirad from Paragraph 1?‎ A．He was healthy.‎ B．He may be disabled.‎ C．He worked in the retreat.‎ D．He liked serving tea.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“I was holding the cup so he could sip(小口喝) tea”可推知，Nirad可能是残疾人。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎10．When did the author make friends with Nirad?‎ A．When they were at school.‎ B．When the author cared for him.‎ C．When they were tying the wrist thread.‎ D．When they were in Moved By Love team.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容及第二段第一句和“it seemed we all knew ‎ 23‎ each other from long time ago”可推知，作者和Nirad以前不认识，只是在作者照顾Nirad喝茶时，建立了良好的感情。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎11．How did the author find the teatime with Nirad?‎ A．Calm. B．Sad.‎ C．Boring. D．Happy.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第四段的“I felt deep content during this teatime”及“It was an experience of joy”可知，作者与Nirad一起喝茶时很开心。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎12．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．Running after things is very important.‎ B．Going everywhere is very important.‎ C．Connecting is very important.‎ D．Drinking tea is very important.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句可知，作者对人们与自己的家人、朋友联系不密切感到难过，因此本文凸显了联系的重要性。‎ ‎[答案]　C D ‎(2018·山东菏泽七县一中期中)As more people opt(选择) for the single life，adult friendships also grow more important. For people in relationships, having a reliable group is important, too—your mate will be much happier if you're spreading your anxieties beyond his or her ears and you will also feel better.‎ In a recent study, researchers made some fascinating findings about how “who we are” informs the friendships we hold. The study was based on the most popular personality construct in contemporary psychology, the Big 5 personality traits(特征): extraversion, or how much you love attention and interacting with people; neuroticism,_or how easily worried you are by things; agreeableness, or how warm and kind you are; conscientiousness, or how careful you are about life's many duties; and openness to experience, or how much you're into discovering new things, whether they're ideas, people, or places.‎ For their study, the research team recruited 434 students. They took a personality questionnaire in the lab, then rated how satisfied they were with their friends and their life overall, and then researchers asked them to recommend half a dozen friends to rate their personality. Gathering these ratings together, the ‎ 23‎ researchers found that openness to experience didn't have anything to do with friendship satisfaction, at least in this study. Neuroticism was linked to lower satisfaction (probably because emotionally unstable people may be dramatic or hard to please, at least in my personal experience). But having high scores in the three remaining sunny traits—conscientiousness, extra version, and agreeableness—predicted higher friendship satisfaction. However, it's a pretty intuitive(直觉的) result, since it's easy to be friends with someone who's always on time, always saying that you're right, and always up to hang out. But if you don't exactly identify with all that, fear not: Your personality is so much more than your traits.‎ 语篇解读：这篇文章通过调查研究讨论了性格和友谊之间的关系。‎ ‎13．What does the author think of the friendship?‎ A．It is helpful to dating and work.‎ B．It can relieve your negative emotions.‎ C．It has nothing to do with personality.‎ D．It is based on the 5 popular personality traits.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第一段中的“your mate will be much happier if you're spreading your anxieties beyond his or her ears and you will also feel better”可知作者认为友谊可以减轻你的负面情绪。选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎14．What did the recent study find?‎ A．The biggest 5 personality traits.‎ B．The methods of informing the friendships.‎ C．The ways to form the most popular personality.‎ D．The relationship between personality and friendships.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段中的“In a recent study, researchers made some fascinating findings about how ‘who we are’ informs the friendships we hold.”可知最近这次调查是为了发现性格和友谊之间的关系。选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎15．What does the underlined word “neuroticism” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Determination. B．Nervousness.‎ C．Hesitation. D．Optimism.‎ ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“or how easily worried you are by things”可推断出“neuroticism”的意思是“神经过敏”。选B。‎ 23‎ ‎[答案]　B Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空 ‎(2018·浙江卷)Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. __1__‎ Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean，and in good repair. __2__ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.‎ Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. __3__ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.‎ ‎__4__ If a neighbor is going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.‎ ‎__5__ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.‎ A．In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.‎ B．A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.‎ C．Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.‎ D．Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.‎ E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.‎ F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.‎ G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.‎ 语篇解读：本文从做好自己分内事、关注四邻整体环境、热心分担邻居困难这三个角度说明了如何与邻居处理好关系。‎ ‎1．[解析]　根据第一段第三句“The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor 23‎ ‎ should(实现这个最简单的方法就是确保你自己表现得像个友好的邻居)．”以及第二段第一句“Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is...”以及第三段中的Second可知，G选项(以下是帮助你迅速赢得每个邻居的好感的一些建议。)承上启下，符合语境。‎ ‎[答案]　G ‎2．[解析]　根据第二段第一句“或许作为一个好的邻居，你能做的最重要的事情之一就是保持你的房子整洁、干净，以及完好无损”和第二段最后一句“通过选择保持房子外面处于良好的状态，你将帮助改善整个地区的外观和(给人的)感受”可知，空格处的内容跟“室外清洁”有关。而F项(人们更容易以保持他们街道干净和充满吸引力为傲。)符合语境。‎ ‎[答案]　F ‎3．[解析]　E项(如果你遇到沿途路过的汽车乱扔废纸，就把它捡起来。)与空格前“When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag.”形成并列关系，并且与空格后this small act形成指代和解释关系。‎ ‎[答案]　E ‎4．[解析]　根据空格处所在位置可知，这里考查段落中心意思，与后文存在总分关系，可以从后文“If a neighbor is going to be out of town... If a neighbor suffers an illness...”等可知，这些举动都是让自己成为一个体贴的好邻居的举动。B项中also与前文形成递进关系，help out in small ways(在小事情上伸出援助之手)正好照应后文中邻居外出与邻居生病等情况。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎5．[解析]　根据总分关系可知，此处是对全文的一个总结，从后文可以归纳出成为一个人见人爱的好邻居的关键是体贴入微，故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C 23‎