【英语】2020届牛津版高三英语一轮复习：课时作业二十八模块5Unit2Theenvironment2 12页

课时作业 二十八 模块5　Unit 2 The environment2‎ 建议时间 / 35分钟 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 词数:320 　主题:探测水中铅 　文体:记叙文 When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”, it was hard to imagine this dynamic 11-year-old girl could settle a problem that has escaped scientists for years.‎ In just three months, Rao came up with a device(装置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 to 2015, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named America's Top Young Scientist for 2017.‎ Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Gitanjali spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment. At home, Gitanjali worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.‎ Rao appropriately named the device Tethys after the Greek goddess of fresh-water, and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market. While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development. With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”, her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.‎ ‎1. What do we know about Rao's device? ‎ A.It's cheap and quick.‎ B.It's cheap and inaccurate.‎ C.It's expensive and reliable.‎ D.It's portable and time-consuming.‎ ‎2. What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?‎ A.Her parents' suggestions.‎ B.The name of the Greek goddess.‎ C.Her interest in settling real problems.‎ D.The water pollution litigation in Flint.‎ ‎3. What do the carbon nanotubes function as?‎ A.Sending immediate signals.‎ B.Recording the reaction results.‎ C.Detecting the presence of lead.‎ D.Showing the water quality results.‎ ‎4. What does the author think of Rao's invention?‎ A.It will lead Rao to make a fortune.‎ B.It will help millions of Americans drink safe water.‎ C.It will promote the development of science in America.‎ D.It will soon settle the lead-polluted problem thoroughly.‎ B 词数:333 　主题:气候变暖　文体:说明文 ‎“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere,but changes in temperature,humidity and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide,” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.‎ Forty-five per cent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats,caused by climate change,are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.‎ ‎“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved,or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected,” the researchers said.“Until we understand more,we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”‎ The change was big in cold-blooded animals.Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller.An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 per cent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢).Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.Fish are smaller now too.Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers,experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth.There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton,the base of the marine ecosystem.‎ Warm-blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change.Many birds are now smaller.Mammals have been miniaturized too.Soay sheep are thinner.Red deer are weaker.And polar bears are smaller,compared with historical records.‎ This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history.Fifty-five million years ago,a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees,spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 per cent over several thousand years.That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.‎ The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough,especially those with long generation times.So,it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.‎ ‎5.The best title for the passage is “　　　　”. ‎ A.Why do some species become smaller?‎ B.Species become smaller with the climate getting warmer C.How does temperature change in Earth's history?‎ D.Climate change has many negative effects ‎6.Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe　　　　. ‎ A.all the animals on the earth have become smaller B.too many studies on animals' size have been done C.how climate change affects animals' size has not been found clearly D.people can avoid the negative effects of climate change ‎7.The passage implies 　　　　. ‎ A.birds have suffered more from climate change than fish B.ants,bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade C.a warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before D.climate change has even a negative impact on plankton ‎8.The author's attitude to climate change in the passage is 　　　　. ‎ A.indifferent B.optimistic C.worried D.confident Ⅱ.完形填空 词数:286　主题:关于猫头鹰的故事　文体:夹叙夹议 One day, Walter Elias was walking through an apple orchard (果园) when he discovered an owl (猫头鹰) in a tree. Remembering that he had been told that owls hunt at night but sleep during the 　9　, Walter quickly got close to the 　10　 bird. ‎ ‎“What a wonderful pet this funny creature would make,” he thought to himself. So he reached up and 　11　 it by the leg. 　12　, the owl went crazy and tried to 　13　. Equally terrified, Walter threw it to the 　14　 and stomped (踩踏) it to death. When the struggle ended, he 　15　 the broken bird and cried. Feeling terrible, he ran away from the orchard, but later 　16　 to bury the owl. For months he dreamed of this bird he had wanted for a 　17　 but in terror had killed. 　18　 years later did he share this secret. ‎ Perhaps it was this 　19　 that helped make Walter the person he became. Never could he bring that owl back to life but he made all the 　20　 of the forest come alive through his drawings and the wonderful entertainment centre 　21　 after himself. ‎ His full name? Walter Elias Disney, a name 　22　 to the whole world. ‎ Have you ever failed or done something that you later felt 　23　 about or experienced a(n) 　24　 that gave your self-concept a beating? When we fail or feel as though we have failed, we 　25　 to think we are losers. It isn't so. Walter Disney turned his 　26　 childhood dream into a beautiful one, which 　27　 became a reality. We can do the same, too. 　28　 we don't fear to fail, we will succeed someday! ‎ ‎9.A.morning B.evening ‎ C.day D.noon ‎10.A.sleeping B.singing ‎ C.trembling D.dying ‎11.A.killed B.seized ‎ C.hit D.patted ‎12.A.Excited B.Disappointed ‎ C.Surprised D.Terrified ‎13.A.escape B.wake up ‎ C.compromise D.give up ‎14.A.air B.ground ‎ C.hole D.water ‎15.A.looked down on B.looked into ‎ C.looked down at D.looked after ‎16.A.refused B.failed ‎ C.forgot D.returned ‎17.A.friend B.pet ‎ C.partner D.relative ‎18.A.Simply B.But ‎ C.Only D.And ‎19.A.comfort B.regret ‎ C.attempt D.pride ‎20.A.animals B.plants ‎ C.scenery D.environment ‎21.A.modeled B.created ‎ C.named D.researched ‎22.A.rare B.real ‎ C.false D.familiar ‎23.A.certain B.guilty ‎ C.curious D.calm ‎24.A.difficulty B.success ‎ C.opportunity D.adventure ‎25.A.hope B.pretend ‎ C.tend D.happen ‎26.A.complex B.plain ‎ C.major D.awful ‎27.A.in turn B.on purpose ‎ C.by chance D.as usual ‎28.A.As well as B.As far as ‎ C.As much as D.As long as Ⅲ.语法填空 You will meet many people in school, in college and at work. They'll try to have nicer cars, bigger houses, and nicer clothes. To them, life is a 29.　　　　(compete)—they have to do 30.　　　　(well) than their peers to be happy. ‎ Here's a secret: life isn't a match. It's a journey. If you spend it always 31.　　　　(try) to impress others, you're wasting your life. Instead, learn to enjoy the journey. Make it a journey of happiness of continual improvement, and filled 32.　　　　love. ‎ Don't worry about having a nicer car or house or anything material, or even 33.　　　　better-paying job. None of them matters, and none of them will make you happier. You'll acquire these 34.　　　　(thing) and then only want more. Instead, learn to be 35.　　　　(satisfy) with having enough and then use the time 36.　　　　 would have been wasted to try to earn money to buy those things. ‎ Find your passion, and go after it 37.　　　　(constant). Don't work for only paying the bills. Life is too short 38.　　　　(waste) on a job you hate.  ‎ 课时作业(二十八)‎ Ⅰ. A ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了11岁的小女孩Gitanjali Rao发明的科学仪器能廉价而快捷地测试水的含铅量。这个问题曾经困扰科学界多年,小女孩发明的装置轻易地解决了这一问题。她的产品将在全世界推广使用。‎ ‎1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In just three months, Rao came up with a device(装置)that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water.”可知,与当前的产品相比,Rao发明的装置价廉而快捷,故A项正确。 ‎ ‎2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 to 2015, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named America's Top Young Scientist for 2017.”可知,密歇根州弗林特市的水污染案件启发她设计了她的产品,故D项正确。‎ ‎3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.”可知,碳纳米管可以检测铅的存在,故C项正确。‎ ‎4.B　细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.”以及最后一段中“…her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.”可知,这项发明能帮助数百万的美国人喝上安全的水,故B项正确。 ‎ B ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新发现——研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。‎ ‎5.B　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段的内容可知,本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象,故B项正确。‎ ‎6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段研究人员提到“‘We do not yet know the mechanisms involved,or why some organisms are getting smaller…’”可知,研究者们还未发现气候变化到底是如何影响生物个体大小的。故C项正确。‎ ‎7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故D项正确。‎ ‎8.C　观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“So,it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知,在未来气候变化带来的负面影响会越来越多,作者对此有些担忧。‎ Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了迪斯尼小时候不小心害死了一只猫头鹰,正是这段童年的经历促使他成就了一番事业。‎ ‎9.C　根据此处与语境“…owls hunt at night…”形成对比可知,猫头鹰是在白天睡觉的,故选C。morning早上;evening晚上;day白天;noon中午。‎ ‎10.A　根据上文“One day, Walter Elias was walking through an apple orchard (果园) when he discovered an owl (猫头鹰) in a tree.”可推知,当时是白天,因此按照沃尔特的想法,猫头鹰应该是正在睡觉,故选A。sleep睡觉;sing唱歌;tremble颤抖;die死。‎ ‎11.B　根据上文“‘What a wonderful pet this funny creature would make,’ he thought to himself.”可推知,‎ 沃尔特想抓住那只猫头鹰,然后养作宠物,故选B。kill杀死;seize抓住;hit击中;pat拍。‎ ‎12.D　根据下文“Equally terrified…”可推知,猫头鹰受到了惊吓,故选D。excited激动的;disappointed失望的;surprised吃惊的;terrified害怕的。‎ ‎13.A　根据上文可知,猫头鹰被抓到脚,受到惊吓,竭力想逃脱,故选A。escape逃跑;wake up 醒来;compromise妥协;give up放弃。‎ ‎14.B　根据语境“…stomped (踩踏) it to death.”可推知,沃尔特把猫头鹰摔在地上,然后踩死了,故选B。air空气;ground地面;hole洞;water水。‎ ‎15.C　根据上文“…stomped (踩踏) it to death.”可推知,猫头鹰是被踩死的,因此沃尔特在猫头鹰死后,又朝地下看了看已经死了的猫头鹰,而且哭了,故选C。look down on鄙视,看不起;look into调查,往里看;look down at向下看;look after照看。‎ ‎16.D　根据语境“…he ran away from the orchard, but later…to bury the owl.”可推知,沃尔特从果园逃离后,又返回来把死了的猫头鹰给埋了,故选D。refuse拒绝;fail失败;forget忘记;return返回。‎ ‎17.B　与上文“‘ What a wonderful pet this funny creature would make,’ he thought to himself.”呼应可知,沃尔特想把这只猫头鹰当作宠物,故选B。friend朋友;pet宠物;partner伙伴;relative亲戚。‎ ‎18.C　根据语境可推知,沃尔特保守了这个秘密很多年,之后才讲给他人听,故选C。simply简单地;but但是;only仅仅;and而且,和。‎ ‎19.B　根据上文沃尔特把踩死的猫头鹰埋了,以及后来做梦经常梦到那只猫头鹰可推知,他对自己当时的行为很是后悔,与后文呼应,故选B。comfort令人感到安慰的人或事;regret后悔;attempt尝试;pride骄傲,自豪。‎ ‎20.A　根据语境可推知,猫头鹰是不能死而复生了,但是沃尔特让其他动物在他的笔下栩栩如生,故选A。animal动物;plant植物;scenery风景;environment环境。‎ ‎21.C　根据下文“His full name?”可推知,他成立了以自己名字命名的娱乐中心,故选C。model模仿;create创造;name命名;research研究。‎ ‎22.D　根据常识可知,迪斯尼后来闻名全世界,故选D。rare稀少的,稀有的;real真正的;false错误的;familiar熟悉的。‎ ‎23.B　根据上文沃尔特踩死猫头鹰的故事可推知,人们有时候会做一些让自己内疚的事,故选B。certain肯定的,确定的;guilty内疚的,有罪的;curious好奇的;calm淡定的,镇静的。‎ ‎24.A　根据语境“…that gave your self-concept a beating?”可推知,我们有时候也会经历一些困难,让自我认识受到打击,故选A。difficulty困难;success成功;opportunity机会;adventure冒险。‎ ‎25.C　根据语境可知,当我们失败或者感觉好像失败了的时候,我们往往会认为自己是失败者,故选C。hope希望;pretend假装;tend往往会;happen发生。‎ ‎26.D　根据上文沃尔特杀死猫头鹰后痛哭,以至于后来经常做噩梦的故事可知,这样的童年经历自然是糟糕的,与上文“It isn't so.”呼应,并和语境a beautiful one形成对比,故选D。complex复杂的;plain简单的,朴素的;major主要的;awful糟糕的。‎ ‎27.A　与上文“It isn't so.”呼应可知,此处表示结果相反,沃尔特把噩梦变成了美梦,进而又变成了现实,故选A。in turn轮流,转而;on purpose故意地;by chance偶然;as usual照例。‎ ‎28.D　根据语境可知,上下句表示逻辑上的条件关系,故选D。 as well as和……一样好,也;as far as和……一样远,就……而言;as much as和……一样多;as long as和……一样长,只要。 ‎ Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。生活中,人们习惯于追求更好的车子,更大的房子,和更漂亮的衣服,他们将生活当成了一场比赛。其实,生活是一段旅程,人们应当享受美好的过程,而不是将时光浪费在不喜欢的事情上。‎ ‎29.competition　考查名词。根据空处前的不定冠词a可知,该处用名词形式。该句意为:对于他们来说,生活就是一场竞争。‎ ‎30.better　考查副词的比较级。根据该句中的than可知,空处用形容词的比较级,表示“更好地”。‎ ‎31.trying　考查动名词。spend time (in) doing sth为固定搭配,意为“花费时间做某事”,故填trying。‎ ‎32.with　考查介词。be filled with为固定搭配,意为“充满”。‎ ‎33.a　考查不定冠词。 根据该句中的a nicer car可知,空处与此对应,泛指“一个工资更高的工作”,故用不定冠词。‎ ‎34.things　考查名词复数。 thing为可数名词,根据空处前的these可知,该处用复数形式。‎ ‎35.satisfied　考查固定搭配。be satisfied with为固定搭配,意为“对……满意”。‎ ‎36.which/that　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为定语从句,句中the time为先行词,在从句中作主语,故用which或that引导该定语从句。 ‎ ‎37.constantly　考查副词。 空处修饰该句的动词短语go after,故用副词形式。‎ ‎38.to waste　考查固定句型。该句意为:生命太短暂,不能将时间浪费在你不喜欢的工作上。too…to…为固定搭配,意为“太……而不能……”。‎