安徽潜山县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼（一） 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 安徽潜山县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼（一） （2016 高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁：记叙文 话题：人与自然 词数：675 时间：6′ My story is from my college days.One of my geology professors got me involved in mountain climbing.Since he and I climbed at roughly the same pace, we made perfect companions on the trail.On one trip, we hooked up with the Colorado Mountain Club to climb Mount Massive, the second highest mountain in Colorado and fourth highest in the Lower 48 states. The day started out great.It was a beautiful sunny day.The CMC folks decided they wanted to take an “alternate” route up the mountain rather than the established trail.The alternate route was straight up the west (steep) side.CMC is synonymous with mountain goat.Most of these folks scurried up the mountain like most people climb a set of stairs at the mall.Carl and I were a bit slower, quite a bit slower. We made it to the summit(山顶)around noon, feeling like I was a 70yearold man with emphysema.For those who have experienced the joys of the air(or lack thereof) above 14，000 feet, you know what I'm talking about.We sat down and ate lunch admiring the spectacular view along with a half dozen other climbers.By 1：00 we decided it was past time to vacate the top of the mountain.Those familiar with the Rockies know that between 1：00 and 2：00 every afternoon, thunderstorms roll across the mountains.Being 3，000 plus feet above timberline, people are the tallest standing thing and make great lightning rods(避雷针)．Every year several people are killed by lightning in the high country.Just the day before, a climber was killed on Mt.Elbert, the next mountain over, so you can imagine our anxiety. We could see the thunderheads building to the west, ready to seek out their hapless prey(猎物)．It was time to get the heck off the top of the mountain fast.One climber opted (选择) to boot ski down the snowcovered east cirque.I didn't think it was a great idea but he quickly made it to the bottom some 2，500 feet below in mere seconds.Seemed like a good idea right? Wrong! While my climbing partner Carl opted for the trail, I prepared for my snowy descent.I took three steps into the snow and 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 whoosh, I slipped on the ice layer under the snow and slid under the snow.Now completely soaked with melt water, I could only crawl on my hands and knees to the dry rock above. By the time I made it out, I was out of options.The thunderstorms were approaching fast and all I could do was try and make myself flat against the mountain.Realizing almost too late that being the good geologist that I was, I had a rock hammer, camera, and who knows what other metal objects in my backpack, which sounded like good lightning rod material to me, I quickly took off my pack and threw it as far away as I could.I then lay down on my back and tried to sink into the mountain as far as I could. I could hear the lightning striking the back of the mountain.The frequent loud report of the thunder marched even closer.It started to rain, and soon the rain turned to sleet.Normally this would not be a real big deal except that my nice warm rain jacket was cleverly tucked away in the backpack I just threw some 30 feet away.Already cold from being soaked with ice water, I dared not move.Just then the lightning arrived.Bolt after bolt was striking the mountain around me with instantaneous explosions of the thunder. The storm moved across and the bolts of lightning were striking far below me now.I waited until I was certain the storm was truly past.I looked over and saw what really got me.There about a halfmile down the trail, I could see my climbing partner snug and warm beneath a rock overhang he had found to wait out the storm.I gathered my pack and headed down the trail to catch up with him.We had a few laughs about it and I realized that with age does come great wisdom! 【语篇解读】 本文为一篇记叙文。作者登上山顶之后，没有及时下山，遇到雷雨，亲身经历 了一次被闪电和雷声包围的险情。 1．According to the first two paragraphs, the author ________． A．persuaded the professor to go climbing with him B．had planned to climb Mount Massive C．did not choose the same route as the CMC members D．was left behind with the professor 答案 D [考查细节理解。根据文章前两段内容可知，作者和他的一个地质学教授的攀爬速度 比较慢，因此他们被科罗拉多登山俱乐部的队员们落在了后面。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 2．The underlined word “vacate” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”． A．leave B．reach C．admire D．see 答案 A [考查词义猜测。由第三段内容可知，作者他们在正午前后到达山顶，在山顶上吃了 午饭并欣赏了壮丽的风景。而一点到两点之间，洛基山会有雷雨。所以在一点的时候，作者他 们应该是决定要下山。故画线词与 leave“离开”意思最相近。] 3．The author was anxious because ________． A．the day before a climber was killed on this summit B．he was likely to be struck by lightning C．he forgot to bring lightning rods with him D．he was the tallest among the travelers 答案 B [考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“people are the tallest standing thing and make great lightning rods(避雷针)．Every year several people are killed by lightning in the high country”可知，作者担心成为避雷针，被雷电击中。] 4．When the thunderstorm began to build, the author ________． A．was admiring the beautiful view from the top of the mountain B．decided to ski down the icecovered route C．was forced to hide under the snow D．tried to ski down but was caught under the snow 答案 D [考查细节理解。根据文章第四段倒数第二句可知 D 项正确。] 5．What did the author do when the thunderstorms were approaching? A．He slipped under the snow quickly. B．He collected his belongings and put them on his back. C．He lay down with his backpack on his back. D．He lay flat as close to the mountain as possible. 答案 D [考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段第二句及最后一句可知，D 项正确。] 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 Five Olympic mascots were announced exactly 1000 days before the Beijing Olympic opening ceremony. The long--anticipated mascots represent four of China's most popular animals — the fish, the panda, the Tibetan antelope and the swallow .The fifth mascot is the brightly burning Olympic flame. Each of the mascots has a repeated two-syllable name. This type of name is a traditional way of showing affection for children in China. BeiBei is the fish, JingJing is the panda, HuanHuan is the Olympic flame, YingYing is the Tibetan antelope and NiNi is the swallow. The first characters of their two-syllable names read “Beijing Huanying Ni,” or, in English, “Welcome to Beijing.” The five elements of nature, including the sea, forest, fire, earth and sky are found in the mascot's origins and headpieces. These special headpieces also display the folk and culture of China. Each mascot also symbolizes a different blessing ---prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck. It is the first time more than three mascots will share the important duty of representing their host country. Han Meilin, chief of the mascot design team explained that, “China has such a rich culture that no single mascot could possibly represent it! That is why we chose to produce five mascots instead of one.” Called the “Five Friendlies,” the figures embody（体现） the Chinese people’s hope for peace and friendship in the world and the spirit of the Olympics, representing not only multi-ethnic(多民族的) cultures of China, but also the traditional Chinese philosophy of harmony between humans and nature. In order to help Beijing 2008 spread its theme of One World, One Dream to every continent, the Five Friendlies reflect the deep desire of the Chinese people to reach out to the world in friendship through the Games — and to invite every man, woman and child to take part in the great celebration of human union in 2008. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 16. What’s the theme of Beijing 2008 Olympics? A. Welcome to Beijing. B. Prosperity, Happiness, Passion, Health and Good luck. C. New Beijing, New Olympics. D. One World, One Dream. 17. What did Han Meilin, chief of the mascot design team, think of the five mascots? A. He thought highly of the five mascots. B. No single mascot could represent China. C. The five mascots represented the culture of China. D. They would reflect the desire of Chinese people. 18. Which of the following statements is not true? A. It’s for the first time that five mascots are chosen to represent their host country in the Olympic history. B. One of the five mascots YingYing stands for the Olympic flame. C. Beijing announced its five 2008 Olympic mascots just 1000 days before the big event. D. The five mascots express affection for Chinese children by two-syllable names. 19. Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage? A. The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. B. The theme of 2008 Beijing Olympics — One World, One Dream. C. The significance of five 2008 Olympic mascots — the Five Friendlies. D. How the Five Fantastic Mascots came into being. 20. What do the five mascots — the Five Friendlies represent? A. “Beijing Huanying Ni,” or, in English, “Welcome to Beijing.” B. Chinese multi-ethnic cultures, philosophy of harmony between humans and nature and five elements of nature. C. Chinese people’s hope for peace and friendship in the world and the spirit of the Olympics. D. The deep desire of the Chinese people to reach out to the world in friendship 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 through the Olympics. [全解全析] 本文主要讲述了北京 2008 年奥运会吉祥物的内在含义。 D. 细节理解题。文章末段首句提到了北京奥运会的主题。 A. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可以得知吉祥物设计组组长韩美林给予北京奥运会吉祥物 高度评价。 B. 细节理解题。利用排除法，由文章第二段第三句话可知 B 项中的 YingYing 应为 HuanHuan。 C. 主旨大意题。纵观全文，不难归纳出文章主要介绍了北京 2008 年奥运会的吉祥物的含义。 B. 推理判断题。文章第三、五段主要讲述了吉祥物的象征意义。 【2014 三诊考试】 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C 和 D)中, 选出最佳选项。 Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept. 47. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _______. A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains 48. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh. C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed. 49. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857. C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 50. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Research time should be extended, scientists require. C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn. 【参考答案】47-50 BCDD 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当 代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒 垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel. 1. The author believes that the population explosion results from _______. A. an increase in birthrates B. the industrial development C. a decrease in death rates D. human beings’ cultural advances 2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______. A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation C. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true? A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough. B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement. C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial. D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 than ever. 4. The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A. prolonging the dying old people’s lives B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people D. taking care of the sick or weak people 5. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals? A. Sympathetic. B. Approving. C. Optimistic. D. Critical. [全解全析] CBADD 本文分析了人口增长的真正原因及美国的老年人问题。 1. C。细节题。根据文章第 1 段最后一句 …it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion 可推知此题答 案为 C。 2. B。推断题。根据文章第 2 段第 4 句 …infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child 可推知此题答案为 B。 3. A。细节题。根据文章第 2 段倒数第 2 句 In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty 可推知此题答案为 A。 4. D。推断题。根据其上文 …there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person 可推知此题答案为 D。 5. D。推断题。根据文章最后一句 …most of them are simply “dumping grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel 可推知此题答案为 D。