2019届一轮总复习外研版高三英语课时跟踪训练5 10页

课时跟踪训练(五)‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1．We should __________ (平衡) study and play, which will make us make great progress in our study.‎ ‎[答案]　balance ‎2．To be admitted to a key university is my __________ (目标) in my school life.‎ ‎[答案]　aim ‎3．Don't touch the __________， which is harmful to your skin.‎ ‎[答案]　liquid ‎4．There was a __________ (阶段) when I didn't like studying.‎ ‎[答案]　stage ‎5．It's delicious. Someone is __________ (煮) meat.‎ ‎[答案]　boiling ‎6．Our chemistry teacher __________ some liquids into the water and the __________ tasted very terrible. (mix)‎ ‎[答案]　mixed；mixture ‎7．The school has been rebuilt and it is well __________. Much money has been spent on the office __________. (equip)‎ ‎[答案]　equipped；equipment ‎8．To our __________， the famous star died. That's to say, we were __________ at the news of her sudden death, and it was really __________. (astonish)‎ ‎[答案]　astonishment；astonished；astonishing ‎9．People can reach their __________ (conclude) from all the ‎ information.‎ ‎[答案]　conclusions ‎10．We were holding the party when the __________ (electrical) was cut off.‎ ‎[答案]　electricity Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．问题越难，学生回答上来的可能性越小。‎ ‎______________________ the questions are, ______________ the students are able to answer them.‎ ‎[答案]　The more difficult；the less likely ‎2．你不辞劳苦帮我们，你真是太好了。‎ ‎__________________________ take trouble to help us.‎ ‎[答案]　It's very kind of you to ‎3．听到那个消息，学生们冲了出去。‎ Out ________________________ when they heard the news.‎ ‎[答案]　rushed the students ‎4．四分之三的工人来自偏远山村。‎ ‎________________________ come from remote mountain village.‎ ‎[答案]　Three－fourths of the workers ‎5．对他来说放弃玩电脑游戏很难。‎ ‎________________________ give up playing computer games.‎ ‎[答案]　It is difficult for him to Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian ‎ Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.‎ Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It's a plant's way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.‎ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.‎ In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors, relatively speaking ，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ ‎ Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.‎ Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.‎ 语篇解读：研究发现，植物受到昆虫攻击时，会通过两种方式实施自我保护：第一种是释放一种化学物质，让周围的邻居接收后减少伤害；第二种是产生一种香味引来袭击者的天敌消灭袭击者。‎ ‎1．What does a plant do when it is under attack?‎ A．It makes noises.‎ B．It gets help from other plants.‎ C．It stands quietly.‎ D．It sends out certain chemicals.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“...young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.”可知，当植物受到攻击时，会释放出某种化学物质。故选D项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎2．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．The attackers get attacked.‎ B．The insects gather under the table.‎ C．The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。后句对该短语进行了解释：The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.(原来正在吃午餐的袭击者现在变成了午餐)，也就是A项所说的袭击者受到了攻击。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎3．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________.‎ A．predict natural disasters B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D．help their neighbors when necessary ‎[解析]　推理判断题。由文章的描述可知，当受到昆虫攻击时，有的植物会释放一种有难闻气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫(Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.)，有的植物会释放香味引来袭击者的天敌(They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.)，无论哪种情况，都是为了保护自己，由此可知选B。A项所说的预测自然灾害，文中没有提及；C项属于曲解文意，原文说的是“Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know.”，不是C项所说的“有意识地谈话”。由原文中的“Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itseff.”可知第一个遭受袭击的植物的本意并不是为了帮助邻居，故D项错误。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The world is changing faster than ever.‎ B．People have stronger senses than before.‎ C．The world is more complex than it seems.‎ D．People in Darwin's time were more imaginative.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。最后一段告诉我们，达尔文在150多年前就想象世界要比我们感知的更繁忙、更吵闹、更亲密，由此可以推断C项所说的“世界远比看上去的要复杂”符合语境。‎ ‎[答案]　C B ‎(2018·福建宁德重点中学月考)Crime fighters could have a new tool at hand. Researchers have developed a cutting－edge technique to identify human hair. Their test is quicker than DNA analysis techniques ‎ currently used by law enforcement.‎ DNA testing is commonly used for identification because DNA is unique to each individual (个体). However, environmental and chemical processes can degrade DNA, limiting its usefulness over time. Protein (蛋白质) in hair, on the other hand, is more stable than DNA but can also have variations (变体) that may be unique to the individual.‎ ‎“Our analysis process can be used universally，” says Ms. Huang. “One of our samples (样本) even included dyed hair and the test was 100 percent accurate. The test was able to distinguish East Asians, Caucasians and South Asians.”‎ Dr. Beauchemin says she has got in touch with law enforcement agencies about using the new technology. She is also planning to collect more hair samples and continue her research with a goal of finding where exactly in the world the hair sample is from, to look for more races and determine specific age.‎ ‎“We are in a very similar place with protein－based identification to where DNA testing was during the early days of its development ，” said chemist Brad Hart. “This method will be a game－changer, and while we've made a lot of progress toward improving it, there are steps to go before this new technique is able to reach its full potential.”‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一种新型的打击犯罪的技术——头发验证。‎ ‎5．What's the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To analyze crime scenes.‎ B．To distinguish different races.‎ C．To show the usefulness of DNA testing.‎ D．To introduce a new identification method.‎ ‎[解析]　目的意图题。根据第一段的第一句“Crime fighters could have a new tool at hand”和全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍了一种可用于打击犯罪的新的辨别方法，即通过头发中的蛋白质进行验证，故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎6．Which will be the most useful in identifying a person according to Brad Hart?‎ A．Chemical materials. B．Protein in hair.‎ C．DNA variations. D．Blood samples.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This method will be a game－changer”并结合第二段内容可推知，Brad Hart认为通过鉴定头发中的蛋白质来辨明一个人的身份是最有用的，故选B。game－changer在此处表示“力挽狂澜者”。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎7．What's the advantage of the protein－based identification over DNA testing?‎ A．Stability. B．Popularity.‎ C．Security. D．Convenience.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“Protein (蛋白质) in hair, on the other hand, is more stable than DNA but can also have variations (变体) that may be unique to the individual”可知，以头发里的蛋白质为基础的检测手段与DNA检测相比最大的优势就是其稳定性，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text?‎ A．DNA testing will soon reach its full potential.‎ B．Protein－based identification remains to be improved.‎ C．Protein－based identification has replaced DNA testing.‎ D．DNA testing develops as rapidly as protein－based identification.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这种新的技术还有待改善，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B Ⅳ.七选五阅读填空 ‎(2018·云南高中毕业生统一检测一)Courage is a personality quality that everyone possesses, but it sometimes fades because of bad experiences or memories. ____1____. By identifying the source of any lack of courage and actively changing your behavior, you can build courage.‎ Determine your specific fears. People are often reluctant to admit that they are afraid of something and this may be weakening their confidence and courage. In order to begin building courage, you need to determine your specific fears. ____2____. This may help you to develop a plan to overcome them and build your courage.‎ Recognize your courage. Just as it's important to identify your fears, you should also recognize that you also possess courage in many situations. ____3____. It can help you to figure out how to apply this quality to situations in your life that cause timidity (胆怯). It can also help you to develop your behavior and begin building courage in every aspect of your life.‎ Develop a concrete plan to build your courage. Once you've identified your specific fears and recognized situations where you exhibit courage, write out your plan to build your courage and update it when ‎ necessary. ____4____， for it helps you stay on track if you have setbacks and see your progress over time.‎ Avoid comparing yourself to others. Every person is different and comparing yourself to other people can minimize your self－confidence. Focusing on yourself and not comparing yourself to others is essential to build your confidence and courage.‎ ‎5____. Two characteristics of courageous people are that they not only have confidence, but also believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears. By cultivating and projecting confidence in yourself, you set yourself on the path to build and maintain courage.‎ A．Part of building your courage is taking risks B．Embrace the positive and avoid the negative C．Write a list of your fears as you figure them out D．Having a clear strategy you can follow is important E．Take the time to acknowledge that you are courageous F．Have confidence and believe in your ability to be courageous G．Having courage is necessary to succeed in many situations in life 语篇解读：本文告诉我们如何拥有勇气。‎ ‎1．[解析]　上文提到由于不好的经历或记忆，一个人的勇气有时会消减，但勇气是每个人都拥有的性格特点，故此处应承接上文继续讲述勇气对每个人的重要性，故选G项。‎ ‎[答案]　G ‎2．[解析]　本段主题是确定你害怕的东西(fears)，且根据空前的“determine your specific fears”可知，C选项最合适。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．[解析]　本段主题是要承认自己的勇气，E选项中的 ‎“acknowledge that you are courageous”意为“承认你有勇气”，故选E项。‎ ‎[答案]　E ‎4．[解析]　本段主题为制订计划，D项中的strategy意为“策略”，与下文的“it helps you stay on track”中的it相呼应。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎5．[解析]　根据下文中的“they not only have confidence, but also believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears”可知，本段讨论信心，故选F项。‎ ‎[答案]　F