2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（30页word解析版） 29页

‎ 2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Working the land单元学案 一单元基础知识链接 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　　 n.十年;十年期 ‎ ‎2.　　　　adv. 因此;所以;因而 ‎ ‎3.　　　　vt.遗憾;惋惜 ‎ n.遗憾;懊悔 ‎4.　　　　 n.焦点;中心点 ‎ vt.集中;聚焦 ‎5.　　　　vt.减少;减缩 ‎ ‎6.　　　　 n.总结;摘要;概要 ‎ ‎7.　　　　 n.评论;议论 ‎ vi. &vt.表达意见;作出评论 阅读词汇 ‎1.statistic n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.sunburnt adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.struggle vi.& n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎4.super adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎5.output n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎6.crop n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎7.disturbing adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎8.expand vt.& vi.　　　　　 ‎ ‎9.circulate vt.& vi.　　　　　 ‎ ‎10.battle n.&vt.& vi.　　　　　 ‎ ‎11.grain n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎12.nationality n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎13.occupation n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎14.chemical adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎15.bacteria n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎16.pest n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎17.nutrition n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎18.mineral n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎19.soil n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎20.root n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎21.underline vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎22.skim vt.　　　　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　 n.饥饿;欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→　　　　adj.饥饿的 ‎ ‎2.　　　　 n.自由;自主→　　　　adj.自由的;免费的→　　　　adv. 自由地;随意地 ‎ ‎3.　　　　 v.输出;出口→　　　　 v.输入;进口 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 n.生产;制造→　　　　vt.生产;制造→　　　　 n.产品;产物→　　　　adj.生产的;多产的→　　　　 n.生产者;制片人 ‎ ‎5.　　　　 n.发现;发觉→　　　　vt.发现;发觉→　　　　 n.发现者 ‎ ‎6.　　　　vt.& vi.配备;装备→　　　　 n.设备(不可数) ‎ ‎7.　　　　vt.使迷惑;使为难 →　　　　adj.令人迷惑的→　　　　adj.感到迷惑的→　　　　 n.困惑 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎ ‎1.　　　　　　幸亏;由于;因为 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　使……摆脱或除去 ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　对……感到满意 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　宁愿;宁可 ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　逐渐增强;建立;开发 ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　导致;造成(后果) ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎ ‎8.　　　　　　富含……的 ‎ ‎9.　　　　　　使……免受(影响,伤害等);使……不含(有害物) ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.　　　　　　　　　(如果是这样的话), what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?  ‎ ‎2.This special strain of rice 　　　　　　　　　(让……成为可能)to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. ‎ ‎3.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests　　　　　　　　　(是以前的两倍). ‎ ‎4.He 　　　　　　　　　(宁愿把时间花在)for his hobbies. ‎ ‎5.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, 　　　　　　　　　(让它为……做好准备)crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.  ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.The price of that type of computer has been 　　　(减少) to 3000 yuan. ‎ ‎2.—How I　　　 (后悔) making the stupid mistake and wasting so much of our time! ‎ ‎—Yes. I have suggested doing it another way, but in vain.‎ ‎3.These birds are rare and　　　 (因此) protected by law. ‎ ‎4.She is 　　　 (奋斗) to support a family on a very low income. ‎ ‎5.The 　　　(焦点) of public health is prevention and protection rather than treatment. ‎ ‎6.He is thinking of　　　 (扩展) his business. ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　(幸亏)these new treatments, people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life. ‎ ‎8.To be mentally healthy, you need to 　　　　　　(逐渐增强)good relationships with each other. ‎ ‎9.This kind of discussion will 　　　　　　(导致)still greater differences between the two parties. ‎ ‎10.We should learn to 　　　 ourselves 　　　　　　(使……免受)love of money and be content with what we have. ‎ ‎11.We asked all our customers if they 　　　　　　　　　(对……感到满意)the service. ‎ ‎12.We cannot really learn anything until we 　　　ourselves　　　(使……摆脱)being too proud. ‎ ‎13.If you are going to follow someone, 　　　　　　(集中注意力于)their talents, not their bad characters or unacceptable behavior. ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.Women have gained the 　　　 (free) to decide whether or not to marry. ‎ ‎2.Owing to the great 　　　,a great number of 　　　 children died.(hunger) ‎ ‎3.Madam Curie 　　　 radium, and many scientists were surprised at her 　　　 at that time. (discover) ‎ ‎4.Our school offers good 　　　and you will be well 　　　 with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip) ‎ ‎5.The girl was 　　　 by his 　　　 words and she was at a loss what to do next.(confuse) ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处。(make+it+形容词+不定式)‎ His dream was that the Olympic Games would　　　　　　　　 peacefully side by side. ‎ ‎2.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。(倍数表达法)‎ The room　　　　　　　　　 that one. ‎ ‎3.有些人宁愿骑自行车而不愿坐公交。(would rather)‎ Some people　　　　　　　　　 than take a bus. ‎ ‎4.另一方面,我将帮着建立英语角,提供给学生一个练习他们英语口语的平台。(现在分词短语作结果状语)‎ On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner, 　　　　　　　　　. ‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.decade　2.therefore　3.regret　4.focus　5.reduce　6.summary　7.comment 阅读词汇 ‎1.数据;统计;统计数字;统计资料　2.晒黑的　3.斗争;拼搏;努力　4.特级的;超级的　5.产量;输出　6.庄稼;农作物;产量　7.引起烦恼的;令人不安的　8.使变大;伸展　9.循环;流传　10.战役;战斗;较量;斗争;搏斗;奋斗　11.谷物;粮食;颗粒　12.国籍　13.工作;职业;占领 ‎14.化学的;关于化学的　15.细菌　16.害虫;害兽;害鸟　17.营养;滋养;食物　18.矿物;矿石　19.土壤　20.根;根源　21.画底线标出;强调　22.浏览;略读 拓展词汇 ‎1.hunger;hungry　2.freedom;free;freely　3.export;import ‎4.production;produce;product;productive;producer　5.discovery;discover;discoverer　6.equip;equipment　7.confuse;confusing;confused;confusion 二、高频短语 ‎1.thanks to　2.rid...of　3.be satisfied with　4.would rather　5.build up　6.lead to　7.focus on　8.be rich in　9.keep...free from/of 三、经典句型 ‎1.If so　2.makes it possible　3.twice as large as before　4.would much rather keep time　5.making it ready for 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.reduced　2.regret　3.therefore　4.struggling　5.focus　6.expanding ‎7.Thanks to　8.build up　9.lead to　10.keep;free from/of ‎11.were satisfied with　12.rid;of　13.focus on ‎(二)单句填空 ‎ ‎1.freedom　2.hunger;hungry　3.discovered;discovery ‎4.equipment;equipped　5.confused;confusing 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.make it possible for countries and people to live ‎2.is twice as big as 　3.would rather ride bikes ‎ ‎4.providing students a platform to practice their oral English ‎1 课文与语法填空 ‎　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Yuan Longping, one of China’s most famous scientists, has made great 　1　 (achieve) in agriculture both at home and abroad. In 1953 　2　Yuan Longping graduated from college, hunger was a 　3　 (disturb) problem in many parts of the countryside. To solve the problem, Yuan Longping 　4　 (struggle) to find a new way to increase rice harvests without 　5　(expand) the area of the fields. Through many years’ hard work, Yuan Longping developed what 　6　 (call) “super hybrid rice” in 1973. He became the first agricultural pioneer in the world 　7　(grow) rice that has a high output. He has also circulated his knowledge in some other countries. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world 　8　 hunger. Yuan Longping is satisfied with his life, 　9　 he would like to have more freedom to do his research. Although he is famous, he wants 　10　(lead) a simple life and has a dream of exporting his rice so that it can be grown around the world. ‎ ‎1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 ‎ ‎6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 ‎ ‎2 课文与短文改错 根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed themselves as a great way to stop crop disease and increased production. Recently, however, scientists have been found that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dagerous, to people’s healthy. With these discoveries, some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming, that is simply farming with using any chemicals. There is many different organic farming methods. All of them have the same of goal:to grow good food and avoid damage the environment or people’s health. ‎ ‎3 话题知识与写作 Ⅰ.根据提示翻译下列句子。‎ ‎1.中国的农民曾经过着很艰苦的生活, 并一直受着饥饿的困扰。(lead a...life;be disturbed by)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.几十年来, 他们努力寻找能够提高粮食产量的方法, 但收效甚微。(decade;struggle;grain output)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.多亏了袁隆平的杂交水稻研究, 世界上22%的人口摆脱了饥饿。(thanks to;hybrid;get rid of)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.大多数农民都很满意现在的生活, 宁愿待在农村当农民。(be satisfied with;would rather)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅱ.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案精解精析 ‎1.课文与语法填空 ‎1.achievements　2.when　3.disturbing ‎4.struggled　5.expanding　6.was called　7.to grow　8.of　9.but　10.to lead　‎ ‎2.课文与短文改错 ‎　　Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers ① become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed ②‎ ‎ as a great way to stop crop disease and ③production. Recently, however, scientists have been④ that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s ⑤. With these discoveries, some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming, ⑥is simply farming⑦using any chemicals. There ⑧ many different organic farming methods. All of them have the same ⑨of goal:to grow good food and avoid ⑩ the environment or people’s health. ‎ ‎①由时间状语“Over the past half century”可知,应该用现在完成时。‎ ‎②此处them指代前文的“chemical fertilizers”。‎ ‎③此处为不定式的并列,前面省掉了to,故用动词原形。‎ ‎④此处为现在完成进行时“have been doing”。‎ ‎⑤people’s为名词所有格,后用名词形式。‎ ‎⑥此处引导非限制性定语从句,that不引导非限制性定语从句,所以用which,指代前文的organic farming。‎ ‎⑦此处应该为否定意义。‎ ‎⑧there be结构中be动词的单复数取决于其后面的名词的数,而methods为复数名词,故用are。‎ ‎⑨same 同样的,为形容词,直接修饰名词。‎ ‎⑩avoid后面接动词-ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎3.话题知识与写作 Ⅰ.1.Farmers in China used to lead a hard life and were always disturbed by hunger. ‎ ‎2.For decades, they had struggled to search for ways to increase the grain output, but to little effect. ‎ ‎3.Thanks to Yuan Longping’s research on the hybrid rice, 22% of the world’s population have got rid of hunger. ‎ ‎4.Most of the farmers are now quite satisfied with their lives and would rather be farmers in the countryside.‎ Ⅱ.[参考范文]‎ ‎　　Farmers in China used to lead a hard life and were always disturbed by hunger. For decades, they had struggled to search for ways to increase the grain output, but to little effect. Thanks to Yuan Longping’s research on the hybrid rice, 22% of the world’s population have got rid of hunger. Most of the farmers are now quite satisfied with their lives and would rather be farmers in the countryside.‎ 单元阅读解题指导 短文改错中的从句纠错技巧 方法指导 短文改错中对从句的考查主要包括以下几个方面:‎ ‎1)定语从句关系代词和关系副词的区分:如果定语从句中缺主语、宾语或表语,使用关系代词who,whom,that,which或as,如果缺定语一般使用whose,如果缺状语使用关系副词where,when或why。 ‎ ‎2)名词性从句中引导词的判断:如果从句中缺主语、宾语或表语,使用连接代词what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever);如果缺状语,使用连接副词why,where,when,how等;如果表示“是否”,使用whether或if;如果从句句子结构完整,使用连接词that。对that和what的辨析是常考点。‎ ‎3)状语从句引导词的区分:根据句意确定连词的使用。其中连词的误用或冗余是常考点。如although和though不能与but连用等。‎ 典例引领 (2016课标全国Ⅰ)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.‎ ‎ It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.‎ 方法运用 答案 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ① I live. Though not very big, ②but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even ③ to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ④. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables ⑤ high quality oil are ⑥ for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams ⑦∧of becoming rich in ⑧ short period of time. Instead, he hopes that ⑨ business will grow ⑩.‎ 解析 ‎①考查宾语从句。where引导宾语从句且在从句中作状语。‎ ‎②考查连词。though和but不能连用。‎ ‎③考查动词的时态。文章通篇叙述的是客观事实,采用的是一般现在时,且句子的主语some people为复数,故需将had改为have。‎ ‎④考查名词作表语。宾语从句中的主语为名词短语the key to his success,故从逻辑上看应该用名词作表语,来解释名词短语的含义,即“什么是什么”结构。‎ ‎⑤考查并列连词。此处表示并列关系,故用并列连词and。‎ ‎⑥考查动词的被动语态。主语和use之间为被动关系,故需用被动语态。‎ ‎⑦考查介词。dream of梦想。‎ ‎⑧考查冠词。in a short period of time“在短时间内”。‎ ‎⑨考查形容词性物主代词。他希望他的(his)生意稳步增长。‎ ‎⑩考查副词。此处用副词作状语修饰动词grow。steadily意为“稳步地,持续地”。‎ 单元综合知识检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2017福建泉州适应性考试)‎ Experts predict nine billion people will live on our planet by 2050. They say by that time the demand for food will be two times what it is now. Officials are worried about that prediction because many people have already suffered from a lack of food. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry.‎ A solution(解决办法)to the problem may be turning to our forests. A new report says forests can help reduce hunger and improve nutrition if they are properly managed.‎ Bhaskar Vira is the director of the University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute and an expert of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). It recently released a report at the United Nations about forests and jungle food.‎ Mr. Vira says crops that grow on trees can help feed people living in and around forests. He said,“It’s like an insurance policy. Having access to those tree-based food is hugely important when you can’t buy food from other sources or when your crops failed.”‎ The report says that forest health and economic value will improve when people who live in or near forests are given greater control of them. For example, a project in Ghana aims for proper management of forests and fields. The people involved hope to grow the Allanblackia plant. The oil from its seeds can be used in soap, beauty products and food.‎ Okai Michael Henchard leads the project. He says he will help people who live nearby. He says they will earn money and get trees on their land. The trees provide shade and improve ‎ the air quality. Mr. Henchard says the project also helps fight against climate change.‎ ‎1.What are officials worried about?‎ A.Pollution and starvation.‎ B.The large population and health.‎ C.The great demand for food. ‎ D.The sharp decrease of forests.‎ ‎2.Which can solve the problem discussed in the text according to Mr. Vira?‎ A.Better living conditions. ‎ B.Insurance policies.‎ C.Tree-based food. ‎ D.More fields.‎ ‎3.What is the initial purpose of the project in Ghana?‎ A.To manage forests and fields. ‎ B.To grow the Allanblackia plant.‎ C.To produce more oil.‎ D.To beautify the environment.‎ ‎4.What would be the best title for the text?‎ A.A solution to controlling the population ‎ B.Forests can help feed the world C.The importance of forest health ‎ D.The project in Ghana helps the natives B ‎(2017湖南张家界模拟)‎ Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.‎ Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops.American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants—those that return year after year.‎ Soil scientist John Reganold says,“One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils? There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield.”‎ Mr. Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some farmers may have done more harm than good.‎ ‎“They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter.They’re not putting in ‎ fertilizers.They can’t afford those things.And it just runs the soil down. So they’re worsening the situation.”‎ The scientist says the word perenniation defines three systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years, but it seems to be growing in popularity.‎ The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize (玉米), millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots, but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year, the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.‎ John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation.‎ ‎“She’s a grandmother in her fifties.Her name is Rhoda and she started using this system about twenty years ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare, four times what she was getting.”‎ ‎5.The purpose of the passage is to 　　　. ‎ A.tell people how to increase production B.introduce an agricultural system in Africa C.introduce the oldest farming method in Africa D.tell us how to prevent soil from being poor ‎6.What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?‎ A.Being exposed to wind and rain.‎ B.Growing different crops.‎ C.Being polluted severely.‎ D.Being ploughed improperly.‎ ‎7.According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG?‎ A.Perenniation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants.‎ B.Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production.‎ C.Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation.‎ D.American researchers first invented perenniation.‎ ‎8.Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda?‎ A.To show the method is very popular in Africa.‎ B.Because she is an expert at farming production.‎ C.To prove the farming method is effective.‎ D.Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎　　Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned　1　farm,which looked almost abandoned.　2　(lucky),he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby　3　other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what　4　(leave).The cow was their only means of support,in fact.One day,the cow was eating grass　5　it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away,she　6　(fall)over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living　7　the cow.In order to support his family,Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting down trees　8　(sell)the wood.Thinking about his children’s clothes,he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market　9　people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to　10　that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. ‎ ‎1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 ‎ ‎6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 ‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I’m angry to see some schoolmates throw away food in the school canteen, which make me very concerned. As is we all know, there are still a lot of people who don’t have enough food to eat. Even many people are suffering from hungry every day. In addition, food is a kind of limiting resource. To save food can better preserve our resource and protect the environment.‎ However, it’s high time that we should say no to those waste food and realize the importance of saving food. Don’t order too many next time! When you are eating, you should eat up all your food, try your best to reduce the waste. Let’s join our hands together to build a economical campus!‎ 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[语篇解读]　本文为说明文。面对未来人口增加导致的食物需求量增大的问题,专家提出向森林要食物。‎ ‎1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知正确答案是 C项。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段 Mr. Vira 所说的话可知正确答案为 C项。‎ ‎3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段 For example, a project in Ghana aims for proper management of forests and fields.可知正确答案是A项。‎ ‎4.B　主旨大意题。本文第一段先提出未来人口增加导致食物需求量增大的问题。从第二段开始提出向森林要食物。因此B选项为最佳答案。‎ B ‎[语篇解读]　在非洲,土地有限、地力贫瘠。如何有效地改善土地状况,提高农作物产量呢?本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力,促进生产的耕作方式。‎ ‎5.B　主旨大意题。由文章第一段及第二段第二句话可知,本文主要针对非洲土地营养成分不足、产量低这一问题,向我们介绍了一种新的农业系统。‎ ‎6.A　词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句可知,多年的风雨侵蚀,导致了土地中的营养大量流失。故选A。‎ ‎7.D　细节理解题。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知,这种系统早已经在非洲使用,所以这种系统并不是美国研究人员最先发明的。‎ ‎8.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知,John Reganold提到Rhoda是为了证明这种种植方式是有效果的。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎[语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了主人公约翰逊的生活经历。虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生的奶牛,却在之后的生活中收获了更多,可谓“塞翁失马焉知非福”。‎ ‎1.a　考查冠词。本空后为单数名词farm,且第一次提到,故填a。‎ ‎2.Luckily　考查词性转换。本空修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,故填Luckily。‎ ‎3.for　考查介词。exchange...for...用……交换……。‎ ‎4.was left　考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,又因为动作发生在过去应用一般过去时,故填was left。‎ ‎5.when　考查连词。此句中when意为“这时”。‎ ‎6.fell　考查动词的时态。此空前为主语she,根据语境可知应用一般过去时,故填fell。‎ ‎7.without　考查介词。根据上文可知约翰逊失去了他的奶牛,且此空后为the cow,故用介词without。‎ ‎8.to sell　考查非谓语动词。根据“他开始砍伐树木以卖木材”可知应填to sell。‎ ‎9.where　考查定语从句。先行词是表地点的名词market,关系词在定语从句中作状语,故填where。‎ ‎10.him　考查代词。根据句型It occurred to sb.that...“某人想到……”及上下文中的人称使用情况可知答案。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎　　I’m angry to see some schoolmates throw away food in the school canteen, which ① me very concerned. As ②is we all know, there are still a lot of people who don’t have enough food to eat. Even many people are suffering from ③every day. In addition, food is a kind of ④ resource. To save food can better preserve our ⑤ and protect the environment.‎ ‎⑥, it’s high time that we should say no to those ⑦或 food and realize the importance of saving food. Don’t order too ⑧ next time! When you are eating, you should eat up all your food, ⑨ your best to reduce the waste. Let’s join our hands together to build ⑩ economical campus!‎ ‎①关系代词which指代前面的内容,故其谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎②“众所周知”的两种表达为:As is known to us all或As we all know。‎ ‎③介词from后应该使用名词形式。‎ ‎④形容词“有限的”正确形式为limited。‎ ‎⑤表示“资源”通常使用其复数形式。‎ ‎⑥上下文为因果关系。‎ ‎⑦这是典型的“一句双谓”错误,加关系词或把第二个动词改为非谓语动词。‎ ‎⑧这里代指前面的food,故应使用much。‎ ‎⑨句中food后无连词,故使用非谓语动词作状语,主语you和try之间构成主动关系。‎ ‎⑩economical campus前应该使用an。‎