2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module4SandstormsinAsia单元学案设计（38页word版） 46页

‎2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module4Sandstorms in Asia单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．inland adj.　 　 内地的；内陆的 　 2．campaign n. 　 战役；活动 ‎3．dust n. 沙尘；灰尘 4．coastal adj. 沿海的 ‎5．cycle vi. 骑自行车 6．mask n. 面罩 ‎7．carbon n. 碳 8．melt vi. 融化 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．mass adj. 大量的；大规模的 2．process n. 进程；过程 ‎3．forecast vt. 预报；预告 4．atmosphere n. 大气；大气层 ‎5．chemical n. 化学药品 6．environment n. 环境 ‎7．garbage n. 废料；垃圾 8．scary adj. 恐怖的；吓人的 ‎9．recycle v. 重新利用；再循环 10．absolutely adv. ‎ 绝对地；完全地 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的→frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的→frighten vt.惊吓；使害怕→fright n．恐惧；害怕 ‎　2.evidence n．根据；证明→evident adj.明显的；显然的 ‎　3.major adj.主要的；多数的→majority n．大多数 ‎*4.urgent adj.紧急的→urge v．催促；极力主张→urgency n．紧急；紧急情况 ‎　5.pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染 ‎　6.complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨 ‎　7.protection n．保护→protect v．保护 ‎*8.strength n．力量；力气→strengthen v．加强；增强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的；强烈的→strongly adv.强壮地；强烈地 ‎*9.concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的→concern n．关心；担心vt.使关心；使担心→concerning prep.关于 用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．David has a strong body. He has the strength to do this hard work. We had better strengthen the relationship with him. (strength)‎ ‎2．The teacher urged that the students should be taught how to take urgent action in urgency.(urge)‎ ‎3．The frightening scene frightened the boy. He felt frightened ‎ but he tried to hide his fright.(fright)‎ ‎4．The public have shown great concern about the food safety, because it concerns the people's health. It is hoped that the authorities concerned can really do something about the issue concerning the public health.(concern) ‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．ecology /I'kɒlədʒI/ n．　 　生态 ‎2．noisy /'nɒIzI/ adj. 嘈杂的；喧闹的 ‎3．smelly /'smelI/ adj. 有臭味的 ‎4．radiation /reIdI'eIʃ(ə)n/ n. 放射，放射物 ‎5．emission /I'mIʃ(ə)n/ n. 排放 ‎6．rubbish /'rʌbIʃ/ n. 垃圾；废物 ‎7．litter /'lItə/ n. 垃圾；废物 ‎8．forbid /fə'bId/ vt. 禁止 ‎9．ban /bæn/ vt. 禁止 ‎10．permit /pə'mIt/ vt.& n. 许可，允许 ‎11．reduce /rI'djuːs/ v. 减少 ‎12．prevent /prI'vent/ v. 阻止，防止，预防 ‎13．advocate /'ædvəkeIt/ vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 ‎14．conservation /kɒnsə'veIʃ(ə)n/ n.‎ ‎ 保存，保护，管理 ‎15．replace /rI'pleIs/ vt. 取代 ‎16．substitute /'sʌbstItjuːt/ v. 取代 ‎17．effort /'efət/ n. 努力 ‎18．expectation /ekspek'teIʃ(ə)n/ n.‎ ‎ 预料；期望 ‎19．purpose/'pɜːpəs/ n. 目的，意图 ‎20．responsibility /rIˌspɒnsə'bIlətI/ n.‎ ‎ 责任，负责 ‎21．challenge /'tʃælIn(d)ʒ/ n. 挑战(性)‎ ‎22．challenging /'tʃælIn(d)ʒIŋ/ adj.‎ ‎ 具有挑战性的 ‎23．pour /pɔː/ v. 倒，倾泻 ‎24．sort /sɔːt/ v. 分类 ‎25．extreme /Ik'striːm/ adj. 极端的 ‎26．waste /weIst/ n. 废料；垃圾 ‎27．renewable /rI'njuːəbəl/ adj. 可再生的 ‎28．balance /'bæl(ə)ns/ n. 平衡 ‎29．abuse /ə'bjuːz/ vt. 滥用 ‎30．sustainable /sə'steInəb(ə)l/ adj.‎ ‎ 可持续的 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.cut_down　　　　　　　　　　砍倒；削减；减少 ‎*2.be_caught_in 突然遭遇(风暴等)‎ ‎*3.one_after_another 一个接一个地 ‎　4.have_a_bad_effect_on 对……有坏影响 ‎　5.wake_up_to 醒来面对；意识到 ‎*6.take_in 吸收；欺骗；理解 ‎*7.give_out 放出；发出 ‎　8.can't_help_but 不得不 ‎　9.in_a_nutshell 简言之；概括地讲 ‎*10.look_through 浏览；翻阅；快速查看 ‎(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．With more and more forests cut_down,_large quantities of soil are being washed away.‎ ‎2．Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having the exam one_after_another.‎ ‎3．Someone knocked at the door when Mr Yang was looking_through the evening newspaper.‎ ‎4．Tony couldn't take_in the knowledge the teacher had taught him at all. It was too difficult for him.‎ ‎5．He was_caught_in a heavy rain, so he was late for work.‎ ‎6．It may give_out poisonous gases, so you must be careful with it.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．let off waste water　　 　排放废水 ‎2．prevent/protect ... from 阻止/保护……‎ ‎3．keep the balance of ... 保持……的平衡 ‎4．attach great importance to 十分重视 ‎5．use up/run out of 用光，耗尽 ‎6．live a lowcarbon life 过低碳生活 ‎7．play an important part in 在……中起重要作用 ‎8．throw away 丢弃 ‎9．arouse people's awareness of environmental protection提高人们的环保意识 ‎10．fight against 与……作斗争 ‎11．deal with 处理 ‎12．participate in 参与 ‎13．carry out 开展；实施 ‎14．make joint efforts 共同努力 ‎15．take action 采取行动 ‎16．be harmful to/do harm to 对……有害 ‎17．call for 要求；提倡；邀请 ‎18．in charge of 负责 ‎19．call on/appeal to sb.to do sth.‎ 号召/呼吁某人做某事 ‎20．there is no denying/doubt that ...‎ 毫无疑问；毋庸置疑 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．so ... that ...引导结果状语从句 ‎[例句]　They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.‎ ‎[仿写]　他们问了许许多多的环境问题，我确实都回答不上来。‎ They asked so_many_environmental_questions_that I couldn't answer all of them indeed.‎ ‎2．make it＋adj./n.＋to do ...‎ ‎[例句]　The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.‎ ‎[仿写]　她说睡前的这些活动让孩子十分兴奋，这让他们平静下来睡觉就十分困难。(2017·浙江高考)‎ She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make_it_hard_for_them_to_calm_down_and_sleep.‎ ‎3．if引导的条件状语从句中的省略 ‎[例句]　The garbage is then taken away and, if possible,‎ ‎ recycled.‎ ‎[仿写]　如果可能的话，我出差去上海时会探望我的叔叔。‎ If_possible,_I will visit my uncle when I go to Shanghai on business.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Many people worry that our energy will run out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way.　‎ 许多人担心，如果不控制能源的使用的话，我们的能源将会很快被耗尽。‎ ‎2．Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.‎ 大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水源被严重污染。‎ ‎3．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。‎ ‎4．Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.‎ 由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ We human beings have caused great damage to our environment, which has a bad effect on our existence. More and more people have realized this problem and complained about it. Therefore, protecting the environment has become a major concern of the society.‎ As far as I'm concerned, for our future we can do nothing but protect our environment. It is urgent to arouse people's awareness of environmental protection. There is no denying that we should make joint efforts to win the campaign of protecting the environment.‎ 我们人类已经对环境造成了巨大的损害，这种损害对我们的生存有很坏的影响。越来越多的人已经意识到了这种问题并为此而抱怨。因此，保护环境已成为社会的一个主要关注点。‎ 在我看来，为了我们的未来， 我们只能保护我们的环境，当务之急是提高人们的环保意识。毋庸置疑，我们应该共同努力赢得保护环境的战役。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．strength n．力量；力气；长处；优势；强度 ‎[教材原句]　The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.‎ 中国中央气象台能够在沙尘暴到达北京前几周预测到，但是有时沙尘暴的强度还是令人吃惊。‎ ‎(1)have the strength to do sth.　 有力量/意志做某事 build up one's strength 增强某人的体质 strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势 with all one's strength 用全力 ‎(2)strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的；强烈的 ‎(3)strengthen vt. 增强；加强；巩固 ‎①Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to_do (do) the most difficult things in my life.(2016·四川高考书面表达)‎ 夏天使我精力充沛，我感觉我有力量做生活中最困难的事情。‎ ‎②To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths_and_weaknesses.‎ 为了使队员在比赛中表现得更好，教练首先必须了解他们的优势和劣势。‎ ‎③He has been doing weight training to_build_up_his_strength.‎ 他一直在进行举重训练以增强体质。‎ ‎④One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strength) new memories.(2017·北京高考)‎ 一种观点是睡眠帮助我们加强新的记忆力。‎ ‎2．concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的 ‎[教材原句]　I can't help but feel very concerned.‎ 我禁不住感到很担心。‎ ‎(1)be concerned with ...　　　 与……有关，涉及 be concerned about/for ... 关心/担心……‎ be concerned in ... 有牵连；与……有关系 be concerned that ... 担心……‎ as far as ... be concerned 就……而言/来说 ‎(2)concern n. 关注；担心；利害关系 ‎ 　 vt. 使担忧；涉及；关系到 show/express one's concern about/for ‎ 对……表示关心/担心 ‎(3)concerning prep. 关于；涉及 ‎ ‎①Many parents are_concerned_that some TV programs will have a bad influence on the development of their children.‎ 许多家长担心一些电视节目会对孩子的成长有坏的影响。‎ ‎②As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_every summer I stay at my uncle's house in the country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there.(2016·四川高考书面表达)‎ 就我而言，每年夏天我会有三周的时间待在乡下叔叔的家中，过着非常舒心的日子。‎ ‎③I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning (concern) the club.‎ 我写信是想知道你是否可能提供给我有关该俱乐部的信息。‎ ‎[名师指津]　concerned作形容词时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”，充当前置定语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作定语时要后置。例如：a concerned look“关切的神色”；the authorities concerned“有关部门”。‎ ‎3．urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 ‎[教材原句]　What is the most urgent problem of all?‎ 所有问题中最紧急的是什么？‎ ‎(1)in urgent need of　　 急需 ‎(2)urge vt. 催促；极力主张 ‎ n. 冲动；强烈的愿望；迫切的要求 urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth.‎ ‎ 力劝/敦促某人做某事 urge that ... 强烈要求；极力主张[从句谓语动词用 ‎ (should＋)动词原形]‎ ‎(3)urgency n. 紧急；紧急情况 urgently adv. 紧急地；急切地 ‎①Our teacher urges us to_study (study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.‎ 随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。‎ ‎②The people in the earthquakestricken area are in_urgent_need_of food, medicine and shelters.‎ 地震灾区的人们急需食品、药品和住宿的地方。‎ ‎③It is strongly urged by students that the library (should)_be_kept (keep) open during the weekend.‎ 学生们极力主张图书馆周末也开放。‎ ‎4．complain v．抱怨；发牢骚；投诉 ‎[教材原句]　He does nothing but complain.‎ 他除了抱怨什么事也没做。‎ ‎(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚 complain (to sb.) that ... (向某人)抱怨……‎ ‎(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉；控告 make a complaint about/of sth. 抱怨/投诉某事 make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 ‎①She complained to us that no one had been at the airport to meet her.‎ 她向我们抱怨说没人去机场接她。‎ ‎②Several passengers complained to the air company about/of the bad service on the flight.‎ 几名旅客向航空公司抱怨飞机上的服务差。‎ ‎③If you wish to make a complaint (complain) about that, you should go to see the manager.‎ 如果你要对此投诉，你应该去见经理。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．After three hours' walk in the sun, I didn't have the strength to_walk (walk) any further.‎ ‎2．Things are getting worse and worse, which makes us really concerned about the cooperation with the foreign companies.‎ ‎3．(2017·天津高考)The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely (absolute) nowhere here.‎ ‎4．The risk of air pollution (pollute) is much greater than we previously thought.‎ ‎5．There is convincing evidence (evident) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.‎ ‎6．It is urgent that food and clothing (should)_be_sent (send) to the sufferers.‎ ‎7．He spent his undergraduate days in Columbia University, majoring (major) in economics.‎ ‎8．Maybe all Americans realize that whoever they expect to be the next president will face masses of problems.‎ ‎9．Hello, I'm calling to complain about/of one of your sales staff.‎ ‎10．Please pay attention to these dangerous chemicals (chemistry) when you are doing the experiment.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The public urged that the government must take measures to prevent such cases from happening again.去掉must或must→should ‎2．Our government is determined to solve those problems that farmers are most concerned.concerned后加about或for ‎3．The goods have been received, but we have to make a ‎ complain about packing though we regret to do so.complain→complaint ‎4．Proper exercise can build up one's strengths and reduce diseases.strengths→strength ‎5．When the fire broke out in the ship, Sally was frightening out of her wits.frightening→frightened Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译)‎ ‎1．人们向我抱怨他们得不到足够的信息。‎ ‎①People complain_to_me_that_they_don't_get enough information.(complain to sb. that)‎ ‎②People complain_to_me_about_not_getting enough information.(complain to sb. about)‎ ‎③People make_a_complaint_to_me_that_they_don't_get enough information.(complaint)‎ ‎2．就我来说，只有平时努力学习，你才能最终获得成功。‎ ‎①As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_only by studying hard at ordinary time can you succeed eventually.(concerned)‎ ‎②In_my_opinion,_only by studying hard at ordinary time can you succeed eventually.(opinion)‎ ‎3．为上课做准备，我强烈建议你们多阅读。‎ ‎①In preparation for lectures, I_strongly_urge_you_to_do_some_reading.(urge sb. to do)‎ ‎②In preparation for lectures, I_strongly_urge_you_into_doing_some_reading.(urge sb. into doing)‎ ‎③In preparation for lectures, I_strongly_urge_that_you_should_do_some_reading.(urge that)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．cut down砍倒；削减；减少；缩小(尺寸、数量)；驳倒；杀死；夺去……的生命 ‎[教材原句]　Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.‎ 人们砍伐树木和铲除草地也会导致沙漠的形成。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中cut down的含义 ‎①Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.减少；削减 ‎②Immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.砍倒 ‎③Hunger, cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.夺去……的生命 cut down on　　　　　　 减少；削减 cut ... down to 把……削减到 cut in 插嘴；打断(谈话)；插进 cut off 切断，中断；隔绝 cut out 删除；切下 cut up 切碎；齐根切掉 ‎④We need to cut_the_article_down_to 1,000 words.‎ 我们要把这篇文章压缩到1 000字。‎ ‎⑤It is impolite for children to_cut_in when their seniors are talking.‎ 孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴讲话是不礼貌的。‎ ‎⑥When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut off from the world.(2016·浙江高考单选)‎ 当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老年人就感觉是与世隔绝了。‎ ‎2．take in吸收，吸入；收留，留宿；包括，包含；理解，领会；欺骗，上当；改小 ‎[教材原句]　Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.　‎ 树木吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中take in的含义 ‎①The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括 ‎②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗；上当 ‎③It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.理解；领会 ‎④He was homeless, so we took him in.收留；留宿 ‎⑤The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.(2016·四川高考)吸收 take away　　　　 　　 拿走 take back 取回；收回 take down 取下来；拆掉；记下 take on 雇用；呈现 take over 接管；占领；控制 take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始做；从事 ‎⑥He being away, I had to take over his work.‎ 他不在，我不得不接管他的工作。‎ ‎⑦Some research has indicated that unemployed workers should take up any job they can get, including temporary work, as a bridge to wellpaid employment.‎ 一些研究表明，失业工人应该从事他们能找到的任何工作，包括临时工作，以此作为找到高薪工作的桥梁。‎ ‎3．look through浏览；翻阅；翻找；审核 ‎[教材原句]　Look through the reading passages and activities in this module.‎ 浏览本模块中的阅读短文和活动内容。‎ look around　　　　　　　 环视，四下张望 look back (on sth.) 回顾，回想(某事)；回头看 look down on/upon 看不起，轻视 look into 朝里看；调查；深入了解 look out 当心，注意 look up 抬头看；查找；查出；查阅 look up to 尊敬；仰慕；钦佩 ‎①You must look through these bills and check them before you pay them.‎ 你必须在付款前审查和核对一下这些账目。‎ ‎②Looking_back_on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.‎ 回顾我的童年，我坚信自然学家是天生的而不是培养出来的。‎ ‎③Terry, please look up from your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.(2014·安徽高考单选)‎ 特里，当奶奶和你说话的时候请不要看着你的手机。‎ ‎4．The garbage is then taken away and, if_possible,_recycled.‎ 然后垃圾被带走，如果可能的话会进行回收利用。‎ 此处if possible相当于if it is possible，属于省略句，常在句中作插入语，起补充说明的作用。‎ ‎(1)在if, when, while, once, unless等引导的状语从句中如果谓语动词含有be的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。‎ ‎(2)if引导的省略形式，作为固定用法的有以下几种：‎ if ever　　　　　　　 如果曾经有的话 if not 如果不这样的话 if any 如果有的话 if so 如果是这样的话 if necessary 如果需要的话 ‎①If interested (interest) in it, please send your information to 123456@sina.com.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ 如果有兴趣，请把你的信息发送到123456@sina.com。‎ ‎②She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening (listen) patiently.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 她耐心地倾听，点点头，给我一个令人欣慰的微笑。‎ ‎③He is only too ready to help others, seldom, if_ever,_refusing ‎ them when they turn to him.‎ 他非常乐意帮助别人，当别人求助于他的时候，他很少，如果曾经有过的话，拒绝他们。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.cut短语填空 ‎1．Traditionally, Chinese people cut_out the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings.‎ ‎2．My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut_down.‎ ‎3．We were cut_off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cellphone was out of power.‎ ‎4．I wish Marie would stop cutting_in on our conversation all the time.‎ Ⅱ.take短语填空 ‎1．I listened to the speech carefully, but I still couldn't take_in.‎ ‎2．I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take_up too much of your time.‎ ‎3．If you do not take_back what you said，I shall not speak to you again.‎ ‎4．It was during the Ming Dynasty that the Great Wall was repaired and extended to take_on the appearance it has today.‎ ‎5．The company was in good condition when it was taken_over by his son.‎ Ⅲ.look短语填空 ‎1．If you don't know the meaning of a word, look it up in the dictionary.‎ ‎2．The government will look_into how to reduce unemployment.‎ ‎3．Just look_through the first and last paragraph, and you will see what it is mainly about.‎ ‎4．Look_out when you're crossing the street.‎ Ⅳ.运用所学短语完成下面语段 These years they 1.are_often_caught_in (经常遭遇) sandstorms. Why? Because a lot of trees have been 2.cut_down (砍倒). Trees do a lot of good to the environment. They 3.take_in (吸收) carbon dioxide and 4.give_out (放出) oxygen. 5.In_a_nutshell (简言之), if we keep on 6.cutting_down (砍伐) trees, sandstorms are likely to come 7.one_after_another (一个接一个地)．‎ Ⅴ.句型转换 ‎1．Once he was in the examination hall, he forgot everything.‎ ‎→Once_in_the_examination_hall,_he forgot everything.‎ ‎2．She hurt her left leg while she was playing football.‎ ‎→She hurt her left leg while playing_football.‎ ‎3．Unless it is necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.‎ ‎→Unless_necessary,_you'd better not refer to the dictionary.‎ ‎4．If it is possible, I would like to have two copies of it.‎ ‎→If_possible,_I would like to have two copies of it.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 process, concerned, campaign, complain, environment, pollute, urgent, citizen, protection, take in, cut down, give out ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①在发展经济的过程中，我们一直在污染环境。‎ In the process of developing economy we have been polluting the environment.‎ ‎②因为污染，我们几乎不能呼吸到新鲜的空气。‎ Because of pollution,_we can seldom breathe fresh air.‎ ‎③大多数市民关心环境保护。‎ Most of citizens are concerned about the environmental protection.‎ ‎④抱怨目前的紧迫形势没用。‎ It's no use complaining about the present urgent situation.‎ ‎⑤我们应该发起一项活动来提高人们的环保意识。‎ We should launch a campaign to raise people's awareness of environmental protection.‎ ‎⑥我们应该关闭排放废物的工厂。‎ We should close factories which give_out polluted waste.‎ ‎⑦如果可能的话，我们应该栽种更多的树木来吸收二氧化碳而不是砍伐。‎ If it is possible, we should plant more trees to take_in CO2 rather than cut them down.‎ ‎⑧尽管改变这种情况会是一个缓慢的过程，但我们有信心我们能够成功。‎ Although getting it changed is a slow process,_we are confident that we can make it.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用it作形式宾语改写句②‎ Pollution_often_makes_it_hard_for_us_to_breathe_fresh_air.‎ ‎(2)用if引导的状语从句的省略形式改写句⑦‎ If_possible,_we_should_plant_more_trees_to_take_in_CO2_rather_than_cut_them_down.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：fortunately, but, as far as I'm concerned, besides, in a nutshell)‎ In the process of developing economy we have been polluting the environment. Pollution often makes it hard for us to breathe fresh ‎ air. Fortunately, most of citizens are concerned about the environmental protection. But it's no use complaining about the present urgent situation. As far as I'm concerned, we should launch a campaign to raise people's awareness of environmental protection. We should close factories which give out polluted waste. Besides, if possible, we should plant more trees to take in CO2 rather than cut them down. In a nutshell, although getting it changed is a slow process, we are confident that we can make it.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——定语从句＋时间状语从句＋原因状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.‎ that引导定语从句修饰先行词process，并在从句中作主语；when引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句。‎ 这些无休止地困扰着我，‎ ‎ 因为当专家们正忙着辩论哪个选择最好时，那些想改善自己生活的人们却被所有这些相互矛盾的信息所困扰着。‎ 真题长难句 This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to ‎ improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. (2014·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C)‎ because引导原因状语从句；while引导时间状语从句；who引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎“自然灾害”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一——“自然与环境”中的一个子话题，也是高考常考的一个热点话题。“自然灾害”是人类依赖的自然界中所发生的异常现象，且对人类社会造成了危害的现象或事件。自然灾害之中既有地震、火山爆发、泥石流、海啸、台风、龙卷风、洪水等突发性灾害；也有地面沉降、土地沙漠化、干旱、海岸线变化等在较长时间后才能逐渐显现的渐变性灾害；还有臭氧层变化、水体污染、水土流失、酸雨等人类活动导致的环境灾害。我们需要认识这些灾害的发生、发展以及尽可能减少它们所造成的危害。此话题多在阅读理解、书面表达题型中考查。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·北京高考阅读B)‎ Surviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪)‎ ‎[1]Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says.‎ ‎[2]On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.‎ ‎[3]When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ ‎[4]In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.‎ ‎[5]“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ ‎[6]Natalie's choice was to help.‎ ‎[7]She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.‎ ‎[8]In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring muchneeded supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ ‎[9]Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ ‎1．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________.‎ A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering ‎2．According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?‎ A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild.‎ B．The people trapped in highrise buildings.‎ C．The volunteers donating money to survivors.‎ D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.‎ ‎3．How did Natalie help the survivors?‎ A．She gave her toys to other kids.‎ B．She took care of younger children.‎ C．She called on the White House to help.‎ D．She built an information sharing platform.‎ ‎4．What does the story intend to tell us?‎ A．Little people can make a big difference.‎ B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ C．East or west, home is best.‎ D．Technology is power.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 介绍人物、地点 按时间顺序 第2段 第2段画波浪线部分 说明时间、事件 第3段 第3段画波浪线部分 灾难后果 第4段 第4段画波浪线部分 各种援助 第5～8段 第6段画波浪线部分 娜塔莉的帮助 第9段 第9段画波浪线部分 结果 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[自主翻译]　娜塔莉居住的地方离海边仅有几个街区，所以她能够看到大海也能够从家中听到涛声。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　由于断电很多老人被困在高层建筑中，孩子们爬上几十层楼梯给他们送去水和食物。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎1．细节理解题。选B　根据第三段中的“Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.”可知，A项错误；根据“Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.”可知，学校没有搬走，她只是暂时去布鲁克林上学，C项错误；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”可知，D项错误；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。选A　根据第四段第一句“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，是那些帮助洛克威重建的人给了娜塔莉最大的鼓舞。B、C、D三项为“张冠李戴”型错误。‎ ‎3．细节理解题。选D　根据第七段第一句“She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知，娜塔莉创办了一个网站与公众分享信息，以帮助那些需要帮助的人。A项为“张冠李戴”型错误；B项为“无中生有”型错误；C项为“曲解文意”型错误。‎ ‎4．写作意图题。选A　根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知，娜塔莉的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为。B、C两项为“无中生有”型错误；D项为“曲解文意”型错误。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法11]　联系生活实际，判断写作意图 写作意图题要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。‎ 不同的文章可能有不同的写作意图，故事类文章的写作意图可能是“to tell an interesting experience”；广告类文章的写作意图可能是“to introduce/sell a product or a service, to attract more visitors, to inform readers, to persuade readers”等。‎ 要想准确判断作者的写作意图，考生应该联想自己的生活实际，问自己一个问题：“读了这篇文章后，你的想法是什么？”。比如上面这篇文章，通过讲述14岁的娜塔莉帮助遭受飓风重创的家乡重建的事，说明了小人物也可以有大作为。故第4题选择A项。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．block n．　　　　　　　(木、石等的)块；街区 ‎ ‎2．fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的 ‎ ‎3．attack n．& v. 攻击 ‎ ‎4．temporarily adv. 临时地，临时 ‎ ‎5．donate n．& v. 捐赠 ‎ ‎6．in ruins 成为废墟；严重受损的 ‎ ‎7．attend a school 上学 ‎ ‎8．dozens of 几十；许多 ‎ ‎9．be honored as 被尊为 ‎ 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2011·福建高考)‎ 为纪念汶川大地震三周年，某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。请根据以下图片提示，以“Great Changes”为题，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下：‎ ‎1．某中学灾后三年来的变化，如教学与活动场所，以及师生精神面貌等；‎ ‎2．发生变化的原因；‎ ‎3．你的感想。‎ 注意：1.短文标题与开头已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2．可根据图片提示适当发挥；‎ ‎3．词数：120左右。‎ Great Changes I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．被完全毁坏　　　　　be_damaged_completely ‎2．对……感到惊讶 be_amazed_at ‎3．呈现新面貌 take_on_a_new_look ‎4．发生 take_place_‎ ‎5．热心的 warmhearted ‎6．采取措施 take_measures ‎7．捐献 donate ‎8．团结 unite 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我们都知道，汶川和四川省其他的一些县在2008年5月12日遭遇了一场大地震。‎ As we know, Wenchuan and other counties in Sichuan Province was_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12,_2008. ‎ ‎2．师生在新环境中幸福地生活，勤奋工作。 ‎ In the new environment, teachers and students are_living_happily_and_working_hard. ‎ ‎3．每个人的脸上都洋溢着笑容。‎ There are smiles_on_everyone's_face.‎ ‎4．我们的学校正呈现着崭新的面貌。‎ Our school is_taking_on_a_new_look.‎ ‎5．我们的学校充满生机。‎ Our school is_full_of_life!‎ ‎6．很明显这一切都归功于我们党、我们的祖国和全世界的热心人。‎ It_is_obvious_that__all_is_owed_to our party, our motherland and the whole warmhearted people all over the world.‎ ‎7．没有他们的帮助，就不会有今天崭新美丽的校园。‎ Without_their_help,_there would be no new and beautiful school today. ‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用it作形式主语改写句1‎ It_is_known_that_Wenchuan_and_other_counties_in_Sichuan_Province_were_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12,_2008. ‎ ‎2. 用形容词短语full of life作状语合并句4和句5‎ Our_school_is_taking_on_a_new_look,_full_of_life!_‎ ‎3．用副词obviously改写句6‎ Obviously,_all_is_owed_to_our_party,_our_motherland_and_the_whole_warmhearted_people_all_over_the_world._‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 Great Changes I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.‎ It_is_known_that___Wenchuan_and_other_counties_in_Sichuan_Province_were_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12,_2008._Most_schools,_including_our_school,_were_damaged_completely._It_is_now,_however,_taking_on_a_new_look._Tall_buildings_have_been_put_up,_including_classroom_and_laboratory_buildings,_and_a_library._There_is_also_a_newlybuilt_standard_playground._In_the_new_environment,_teachers_and_students_are_living_happily_and_working_hard.__There_are_smiles_on_everyone's_face._Our_school_is_taking_on_a_new_look,_full_of_life!_How_does_it_take_place_in_such_a_short_time?‎ Obviously,_all_is_owed_to_our_party,_our_motherland_and_the_whole_warmhearted_people_all_over_the_world._Without_their_help,_there_would_be_no_new_and_beautiful_school_today._It_is_love_and_concern_that_have_brought_about_the_great_changes._Many_hands_make_light_work._We_can_work_wonders_if_we_unite_as_a_family,_caring_for_each_other_and_helping_those_in_need._Union_is_strength.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy ‎ areas, usually in deserts, where the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from the ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m－15.24m.‎ It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing masks, scarves and so on.‎ If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road, since it's difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end up stuck on the road.‎ Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you can't always prevent a sandstorm. There's much evidence that the planet Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such. Though_it_can_move_whole_sand_dunes_and_destroy_crops,_a_sandstorm_is_not_without_benefit.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议。‎ ‎1．If you're driving in a sandstorm, you'd better ________.‎ A．stop your car in the middle of the road B．continue to make your way C．stop and ask for help D．stop your car on the side of the road 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road ...”可知，如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴，你最好把车停在路边，pull off the road“把车停在路边”。故选D。‎ ‎2．The underlined sentence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are ________.‎ A．useful　　　　　　　　　 B．useless C．harmful D．powerful 解析：选A　推理判断题。画线句表明，虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物，但它不是毫无益处的。注意“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不无裨益”，是双重否定表示肯定意义。故选A。‎ ‎3．According to the writer, a sandstorm ________.‎ A．is the result of human activities B．can be prevented C．can't completely disappear on the earth D．can't be forecast 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失，并且它也不是人为的后果。故选C。‎ B In Kenya, blind students and those with poor eyesight were still using Braille (布拉耶盲文) books for their studies until recently. Their books used the Braille system of raised dots to represent words and numbers. Those with limited or no eyesight can “read” by touching those markings. But Kenyan schools for the blind are now beginning to use technology that provides material in an audible (听得见的) form.‎ Seventeenyearold Lucas Mwanzia is visually impaired (受损的). For the past two years, he has been attending computer classes at the Thika School for the Blind. He said, “The technology has opened doors that once were closed. Braille books are costly and you have to spend a lot of money buying one. With computers, the books are available at little or no cost. So we can download the books to read and when we finish reading we just need to close the program.” Zachary Muasya was born blind. He is now one of the school's teachers. He has been teaching the students how to use the technology for about two years now. “The assistive technology equips the learners with many skills that really make them independent in life. They can read books, magazines and newspapers by themselves.”‎ The school started using assistive technology six years ago. It ‎ enables blind and visuallyimpaired students to get information from computers and iPads. The assistive technology costs ＄1,000 to set up. But a nongovernmental organization called InAble has provided it for the schools at no cost. Four out of Kenya's 11 schools for the blind are using the technology. InAble says it will provide the financing for the remaining schools to join the effort. Peter Okeyo, the program manager at InAble, says blind students using the technology may still have difficulty when they move to higher education. Students who have used the technology up through high school might not have it at the university they attend. Those students might have difficulty if they have to go back to Braille.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。肯尼亚盲人学生以及视力不佳者可以不用盲文书籍来学习了，因为科技为肯尼亚盲人学生提供了新的工具。‎ ‎4．Compared with Braille books, the books online ________.‎ A．offer less help to students B．are more difficult to get C．cost less or no money D．are harder to understand 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Braille books are costly and you have to spend a lot of money buying one. With computers, the books are available at little or no cost.”告诉我们普通盲文书籍非常昂贵，需要花很多钱去购买。而网络有声书籍很便宜甚至免费。故选C。‎ ‎5．Mwanzia and Muasya were mentioned mainly to tell readers ________.‎ A．students can benefit a lot from the new technology B．Braille books are more suitable for the blind C．more help will be provided for students in Kenya D．students in Africa are fond of reading books 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The technology has opened doors that once were closed.”以及“The assistive technology equips the learners with many skills that really make them independent in life.”告诉我们该技术打开了曾被关闭的大门。辅助技术让学习者具备多种技能，这真正使得他们在生活中独立。故选A。‎ ‎6．What's Peter Okeyo's attitude towards the new technology?‎ A．Indifferent. B．Supportive.‎ C．Sympathetic. D．Worried.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中Peter Okeyo所说的话告诉我们使用该项技术一路读完高中的学生在大学里可能没法再使用该技术。如果让这些学生重新回去使用盲文可能会面临很多困难。故选D。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A．The technology will be set up in Africa at a low price.‎ B．More schools in Kenya will use the new technology.‎ C．Students at university can use the technology now.‎ D．The technology will become less popular in the future.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Four out of Kenya's ... join the effort.”告诉我们肯尼亚11所盲人学校中的4所正在使用该技术。InAble组织表示，该组织将为剩余学校提供资金加入进来。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Tough teeth Spider (蜘蛛) silk, which is five times stronger than steel, no longer holds the record as the strongest material found in nature. Scientists have discovered that the teeth of a limpet (帽贝) are made of even tougher material.‎ ‎“Spider silk has been winning this competition for a long time，” Asa Barber, an engineer at the University of Portsmouth, England, who led the study said. “__1__”‎ A limpet has about a hundred teeth, each about 1 millimeter (0.04 inches) long. __2__ To find out just how tough limpet teeth are, Barber's team examined pieces of the limpets' teeth to test their tensile strength — the resistance of a material to breaking when stretched. The scientists learned that the material that makes up limpet teeth can withstand a pulling force comparable to that of a rope lifting about 1,500 kilograms (3,300 pounds) of sugar.‎ ‎__3__ They contain fibers made from a combination of goethite and chitin. __4__ Chitin, on the other hand, is stretchy (有弹性的).‎ ‎ Mix the two together, and you get a material that's both hard and tough.‎ In fact, limpet teeth are 10 percent stronger than spider silk. Scientists have had a hard time trying to artificially produce spiders' sticky web material in a lab, but Barber believes it will be easier to recreate limpet teeth. __5__ “I think this is going to be a much greater opportunity to manufacture materials that have high strength，” he says.‎ A．What makes limpet teeth so strong?‎ B．Though hard, goethite breaks easily.‎ C．A limpet has a tongue covered with tiny teeth.‎ D．It uses them to get its preferred meal off rocks.‎ E．But spiders use their silk to make webs or other structures.‎ F．I was surprised and excited that limpet teeth beat the winner.‎ G．That way people too will be able to benefit from the superstrong material.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帽贝坚硬的牙齿。‎ ‎1．选F　F项与上文的“Spider silk has been winning this competition for a long time”相呼应。‎ ‎2．选D　D项与上文的“A limpet has about a hundred teeth”相呼应，D项中的them指代上文中的“a hundred teeth”。‎ ‎3．‎ 选A　A项起承上启下的作用：上文讲帽贝的牙齿承重力强，下文解释原因。‎ ‎4．选B　B项与上下文相呼应。构成帽贝牙齿的两种成分一种坚硬，另一种有弹性；二者结合使帽贝的牙齿既硬又坚韧。‎ ‎5．选G　G项与上下文相呼应。再造帽贝的牙齿这种材质相对容易些，这会使人们从这种超硬的材料中受益。‎