【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习限时规范练北师大版：选修8Unit23B　Conflict作业 11页

限时规范练46(选修8　Unit 23B)‎ 核心素养关键词:培养学生人与自然、保护动物的思维意识 ‎　限时规范练第92页　 ‎ 一、阅读理解 A What do you usually do when a flying insect lands on your arm? Most likely you blow it away.But what if that bug were a ladybug (瓢虫)? Then chances are you would let it stay.What is it about ladybugs that we like?‎ Farmers once thought ladybugs were a good luck sign.A ladybug in the field meant that the crops would be successful and the weather would be good.The farmers may have been exaggerating (夸大) about what a very small bug can do,but in fact ladybugs do help out with the crops.They eat harmful insects.‎ Actually,it is not the adult ladybug that eats the other insects.It’s the ladybug larvae (幼虫).Ladybugs lay their eggs on leaves that are covered with aphids or other insects.When the larvae come out of the eggs,they are very hungry and will eat mites,aphids,mealybugs,green flies,and other crop-destroyers.‎ A single ladybug larva can eat over 1,000 aphids in one day.In the 1800s,ladybugs were brought all the way from Australia to California and set free among orange trees that were dying from being eaten by insects.The little red and black “eating machines” completely saved all the trees.‎ Ladybugs go about their daily business without worrying much about anything.Very few birds or insects will eat a ladybug because it gives off something that is dangerous to eat.Ladybugs also protect themselves by playing dead.They fall off leaves and remain very still until their enemy goes away.‎ So next time you see a ladybug,think about what it may be up to.Maybe it is off to save an orange tree.Maybe its next move will be to fall off a leaf and play dead or stand up to a bird about 100 times its size.Maybe it’s letting you know that the weather will be good tomorrow.Who knows? Ladybugs are special that way. ‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章是对瓢虫的介绍。瓢虫是一种能够吃害虫的昆虫,它们对于庄稼来说是得力的助手。‎ ‎1.What do we know about mites and aphids?‎ A.They do harm to the crops.‎ B.They eat more than they should.‎ C.They are food for adult ladybugs.‎ D.They are the enemy of ladybug larvae.‎ 答案A 解析推理判断题。由第三段中的“they are very hungry and will eat mites,aphids,mealybugs,green flies,and other crop-destroyers”可知,这些都是对庄稼有害的虫子。‎ ‎2.Why were ladybugs brought from Australia to California in the 1800s?‎ A.To save orange trees.‎ B.To do research on them.‎ C.To increase their number.‎ D.To report the weather for farmers.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“ladybugs were brought...set free among orange trees that were dying from being eaten by insects”可知,19世纪瓢虫被从澳大利亚引进到美国加利福尼亚州是为了挽救被害虫侵害的橘子树。‎ ‎3.What does the underlined part “stand up to” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A.Play with.‎ B.Worry about.‎ C.Get along with.‎ D.Fight back against.‎ 答案D 解析词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中的“Very few birds or insects will eat a ladybug because it gives off something that is dangerous to eat.”可知,很少有鸟或昆虫吃瓢虫。再由画线部分后的“a bird about 100 times its size”可知,当遇见比它大的鸟时,瓢虫会释放某种物质从而对鸟造成威胁。故此处的stand up to有“回击,抵御”之意。‎ ‎4.What does the author think of the ladybug?‎ A.It is a crop-destroyer.‎ B.It is a good luck sign.‎ C.It is a little flying helper.‎ D.It is a big eating machine.‎ 答案C 解析推理判断题。本文旨在介绍瓢虫这种能够吃害虫的昆虫,它们对于庄稼来说是得力的助手,故C项中的helper最符合瓢虫的这一特性。‎ B Two books have been developed to help designers,developers and homeowners make it easier and safer for the blind to find their way to,into and through buildings and large public spaces.‎ The books were created by the Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation (建筑创新),a programme which helps solve the problem of finding ways around buildings and public spaces.‎ Construction Innovation CEO Keith Hampson says any wayfinding system is more than just signs.“It includes buildings,inside design and lighting,” Keith says.He says people having problems with their eyesight use these communicative signs to make moving around spaces easier.For example,a good sign may include tactile (可感触到的) lettering — Braille and a tactile ground surface.‎ The project won the 2007 Disability Action Week Award for Building Accessible Housing and Environments.“The project has received increased national attention since the award last year,” Keith says.“Most importantly however,we have helped to raise the awareness and need for a wayfinding system across the building and construction industry.”‎ The Department of Public Works was a key member in the project.Team leader Ron Apelt says people with eyesight problems are often forgotten in the planning and design of buildings and public open spaces.‎ ‎“Our books are mainly for new buildings and the immediate spaces surrounding these buildings,” Ron says.“However,the books can also be used for any plans for old buildings and improving wayfinding around places such as universities,hospitals and schools.”‎ ‎“They can also be used in busy spaces like shopping centres as the design ideas remain unchanged no matter what the spaces and places are like.”‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项帮助盲人识别道路、进出大楼和公共场所等的项目。‎ ‎5.What are the books mentioned in the text about?‎ A.How to improve eyesight.‎ B.How to build high-quality houses.‎ C.How to make buildings blind-friendly.‎ D.How to develop a good sense of direction.‎ 答案C 解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“make it easier and safer for the blind to find their way to,into and through buildings and large public spaces”可知,这两本书指导人们如何将建筑物建造得方便盲人出入。‎ ‎6.What does the wayfinding system include according to Keith?‎ A.A flat ground surface.‎ B.Signs that can be touched.‎ C.Spaces that are wide enough.‎ D.Lighting that’s not too strong.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“For example,a good sign may include tactile lettering — Braille”可知,这个系统包括可触摸的标识。‎ ‎7.What has happened since the project won the award?‎ A.More blind people are getting help.‎ B.More people are trying to win the award.‎ C.More people are realising the system’s importance.‎ D.More people are interested in the construction industry.‎ 答案C 解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“Most importantly however,we have helped to raise the awareness and need for a way finding system across the building and construction industry.”可知,获奖使得更多人意识到这一系统的重要性。‎ ‎8.What does Ron think of the books?‎ A.They are of little real use.‎ B.They will never be forgotten.‎ C.They came as no surprise to the public.‎ D.They will make a good guide for builders.‎ 答案D 解析推理判断题。由最后两段中提到的这两本书在不同地方的可参考性可以推断,Ron认为这两本书是很好的指南类书籍。‎ 二、完形填空 When I was younger,I loved to read.I could get through a whole book in a day,and used to 　1　 my parents every night to let me stay up later so I could “just 　2　 my chapter”.I read any literature that I could get my hands on. ‎ However,　3　 there are many books for younger children,once you reach your mid-teens the choices become 　4　.I found myself choosing between books for children that were 　5　 and boring,and adult books that I couldn’t quite understand. ‎ This lack of choice 　6　 led me to read less and less.When I was in secondary school,the 　7　 books I read were ones we were assigned in English class,and I was never very 　8　 about my teacher’s choices.I thought too much discussion of symbolism (象征意义) and themes 　9　 the book.Maybe the sky being blue didn’t 　10　 anything;maybe it was just a description! Rather than make me more 　11　 in literature,it made me 　12　 want to pick up a book again. ‎ I reluctantly (不情愿地) chose a French literature course in my first year at university.I started out unhappy,determined not to 　13　 any of the works we were studying over the course of the year.However,I soon 　14　 that at a university level,the discussion was more 　15　 and the books more interesting! Being able to discuss my thoughts with other people meant that I could better 　16　 the subtle aspects of the books — even the symbolism and themes. ‎ I began reading again for　17　.Now,during my year abroad,I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops and 　18　 in cafés,and even attend a monthly book club with some other language assistants. ‎ Reading is a great way to widen your horizons,　19　 your vocabulary and use your imagination.I’m so happy that I 　20　 my love of books. ‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己从热爱读书到找不到有趣的书可读再到重新爱上读书的过程。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1.A.advise B.encourage C.force D.ask 答案D 解析根据本段中的“I loved to read”及“I could get through a whole book”可知,作者小时候酷爱读书,常常“请求(ask)”父母允许自己熬夜读书,这样他才能“看完(finish)”自己想看的章节。‎ ‎2.A.choose B.change C.finish D.study 答案C 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎3.A.while B.since C.unless D.if 答案A 解析根据本段中的“I found myself choosing between books for children...and adult books”及下一段中的“This lack of choice”可知,“虽然(while)”儿童书籍很多,但是当你再大一些到了少年时期,你就会发现你的选择变得“有限(limited)”了。‎ ‎4.A.free B.clear C.wide D.limited 答案D 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎5.A.silly B.special C.rare D.small 答案A 解析作者发现自己徘徊在“可笑的(silly)”、无聊的儿童书籍与自己读不懂的成人书籍之间。‎ ‎6.A.hardly B.usually C.finally D.strangely 答案C 解析选择的限制“最终(finally)”导致作者读的书越来越少。‎ ‎7.A.next B.only C.same D.last 答案B 解析高中的时候,作者“唯一(only)”阅读的书籍是英语课上老师指定的书籍,而且作者对于老师的选择也缺乏“热情(enthusiastic)”。‎ ‎8.A.certain B.concerned C.doubtful D.enthusiastic 答案D 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎9.A.reviewed B.explained C.ruined D.renewed 答案C 解析根据本段中的“too much discussion”及“maybe it was just a description”可知,对象征意义和主题的过度讨论“毁掉(ruined)”了书籍本身。湛蓝的天空也许并不“代表(represent)”任何事物,它或许仅仅只是描写。‎ ‎10.A.represent B.answer C.advertise D.affect 答案A 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎11.A.successful B.interested C.confident D.disappointed 答案B 解析根据本段中对作者读书越来越少的描述可知,作者对文学的“兴趣(interested)”并未加深,也“不再(never)”爱读书。‎ ‎12.A.nearly B.never C.even D.already 答案B 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎13.A.share B.learn C.touch D.enjoy 答案D 解析根据本段中的“I reluctantly chose a French literature course”及“I started out unhappy”可知,作者认为自己不会再“享受(enjoy)”那一学年课上学到的任何作品。‎ ‎14.A.realized B.expected C.thought D.supposed 答案A 解析根据本段中的However及“the books more interesting”可知,作者很快就“意识到(realized)”在大学里学生和老师对一本书的讨论变得更“有成效(fruitful)”,书本也更有趣。‎ ‎15.A.similar B.formal C.fruitful D.familiar 答案C 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎16.A.understand B.accept C.praise D.predict 答案A 解析根据本段中的“Being able to discuss my thoughts with other people meant that”及“the subtle aspects of the books”可知,与他人交流想法能让作者更好地“理解(understand)”书中隐晦的意思。‎ ‎17.A.comfort B.pleasure C.hope D.prize 答案B 解析根据本段中的again及第一段中对作者爱读书的描述可知,作者又开始享受读书的“快乐(pleasure)”了。‎ ‎18.A.chatting B.playing C.sitting D.reading 答案D 解析根据空前的“I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops”可知,作者在书店里度过了很多闲暇的时光,也在咖啡店里“读书(reading)”。‎ ‎19.A.know B.measure C.expand D.show 答案C 解析根据空前的“widen your horizons”可知,读书是一种“扩大(expand)”词汇量的好方法。‎ ‎20.A.expressed B.rediscovered C.returned D.experienced 答案B 解析根据第一段中对作者爱读书的描述可知,作者很高兴自己又“重新找回(rediscovered)”了对书籍的热爱。‎ 三、短文改错 Looking back on these year,I consider the friendships I’ve made as very valuable.I’m still very closed with all of my friends from home because of the connections we have from grow up together.I regard them as my treasure but I’ve taken the value of friendship with me to college,where I have rapid made a new group of good friends.Whenever I felt down or need someone to talk,I can always look to my friends.I know that they have my back and I have their.If I need anything that I can always turn to them for help.To be honestly,I really value the friendships that I’ve made.‎ 答案 第一句:year→years 第二句:closed→close;grow→growing 第三句:but→and;rapid→rapidly 第四句:felt→feel;talk后加to/with 第五句:their→theirs 第六句:去掉that 第七句:honestly→honest