2021届新高考英语大一轮复习抓分北师大版：必修5Unit13　People学案 31页

一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．weakness n．　　　　　　 弱点，缺陷 ‎2．phrase n. 短语，词组 ‎3．mental adj. 内心的；精神病的 ‎4．senior adj. 高级的 ‎5．uniform n. 制服 ‎6．facial adj. 面部的 ‎7．chain n. 链条；一连串的事物 ‎8．gifted adj. 有天赋的 ‎9．academic adj. 学术的 ‎10．sharp adj. 敏锐的；锋利的；尖的 ‎11．characteristic n. 特点，特性 ‎12．airline n. 航空公司 ‎13．assistant n. 助手；助理 ‎14．fault n. 缺点；错误 ‎15．astronomy n. 天文学 ‎16．grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．assessment n. 评估 ‎2．previous adj. 以前的，过去的 ‎3．positive adj. 积极的 ‎4．emergency n. 紧急情况 ‎5．accurately adv. 精确地，准确地 ‎6．predict vt. 预言，预测 ‎7．deserve vt. 应得，值得 ‎8．entirely adv. 完全地 ‎9．accuse vt. 控告，谴责 ‎10．desire n. 渴望，欲望 ‎11．harvest n. 收获 ‎12．aboard prep. 在(上)船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上 ‎13．broken adj. 断的，破的 ‎14．glare vi. 怒视，瞪 ‎15．upset adj. 不安的，不快的 ‎16．account n. (银行)账户 ‎17．disability n. 残疾；无能力 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．strength n．长处，优势→strengthen v．增强，加强→strong adj.强壮的；强健的 ‎2．appropriately adv.适当地→appropriate adj.合适的，恰当的 ‎3．associate vt.联想，联系→associated adj. 有关联的，相关的→association n．联想；协会 ‎4．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentration n．专心，专注 ‎5．expression n．表情；词语→express vt.表达；表示→expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的 ‎6．connection n．联系；连接→connect vt.联系；连接 ‎7．description n．描述，形容→describe v．描写，描述 ‎8．failure n．失败→fail vi.失败 ‎9．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地 ‎10．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立 ‎11．satisfaction n．满意，满足→satisfy vt.使满意，使满足→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的 ‎12．requirement n．要求→require vt.要求 ‎13．relief n．减轻，宽慰→relieve v．使安慰；缓解 ‎14．confirm v．证实→confirmation n．证实 ‎15．judge vt.评判→judgement n．判断，判断力 ‎16．companion n．同伴，伴侣→company n．陪伴 ‎17．devote vt.专心致志于，献身于→devotion n．奉献→devoted adj.献身的；忠诚的 ‎1.不要“不安或烦恼”‎ ‎①bother　　　　　‎ ‎②disturb ‎③trouble ‎ ‎④annoy ‎⑤upset ‎⑥uneasy ‎ ‎⑦nervous ‎2.识记含“dis”否定前缀的单词 ‎①dislike v．　　　　　　　 不喜欢；厌恶 ‎②disagree v. 不同意 ‎③disappear v. 消失 ‎④disadvantage n. 不利条件；弱点 ‎⑤disbelieve v. 不信；怀疑 ‎⑥disobey v. 不服从；违抗 ‎⑦disability n. 残疾 ‎3.盘点含后缀“ment”的名词 ‎①movement　　　　　　 运动 ‎②development 发展 ‎③improvement 改善 ‎④equipment 设备 ‎⑤arrangement 安排 ‎⑥requirement 要求 ‎⑦establishment 建立 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．come__up__with　　　　　　　 提出，想出 ‎2．concentrate__on 集中于；专注于 ‎3．talk__sb.into__doing__sth. 说服某人做某事 ‎4．draw__up 起草 ‎5．end__up 结果为……；以……结束 ‎6．on__the__other__hand 另一方面 ‎7．in__terms__of 就某事来说；从某个角度上看 ‎8．be__willing__to__do__sth. 愿意做某事 ‎9．react__to 对……作出反应 ‎10．deal__with 处理，对付 ‎11．glare__at 怒视 ‎12．can’t__help__doing__sth. 情不自禁地做某事 ‎13．to__be__honest 说实话 ‎14．be__devoted__to 奉献，致力于 ‎15．compared__to/with 和……比较起来 ‎1.“集中精力于”短语荟萃 ‎①concentrate on ‎　全神贯注于 ‎②focus one’s attention on ‎ 集中注意力于 ‎③be lost in ‎ 沉醉于 ‎④be buried in ‎ 专心于 ‎2.“of结尾”短语小结 ‎①regardless of　　 不管 ‎②as a result of 由于，因为 ‎③in spite of 尽管 ‎④on account of 由于，因为 ‎⑤on behalf of 代表 ‎⑥instead of 代替；而不是 ‎⑦in terms of 就……来说 ‎3.“v.＋sb. into doing sth.”结构集合 ‎①cheat/trick/fool sb. into doing sth.　　 欺骗某人做某事 ‎②argue/talk/persuade sb. into doing sth.‎ ‎ 说服某人做某事 ‎③force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事 ‎④terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事 ‎⑤frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事 ‎⑥panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人仓皇行事 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：It is generally believed ‎ It__is__generally__believed__that people with high EQs are ‎ that...人们普遍认为……‎ open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.‎ 人们普遍认为，高情商的人善于接受新观念并且有积极的生活态度。‎ 句型2：There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问……‎ On the other hand, there__is__little__doubt__that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations...　另一方面，毫无疑问的是，低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难情况时有问题……‎ 句型3：I dislike it when...，it作形式宾语，when引导的从句作真正的宾语 I really dislike__it__when...‎ 我真的不喜欢……‎ 句型4：that’s why...“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句 Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that’s__why the letter never arrived.‎ 可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未到的原因。‎ 句型5：if anything是一个省略句，意为“如果有什么不同的话”‎ If__anything,__it made me even angrier.‎ 如果有什么不同的话，那就使我更生气了。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers，had little desire(渴望) to change the tradition.‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths(长处), your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.‎ ‎3．Employers usually prefer candidates with some previous(以前的) experience of the job.‎ ‎4．When the interview is one day away, send an email to confirm(确认) the time of the appointment.‎ ‎5．(2019·北京卷)I’m writing to give you a full account(描述) of my unforgettable experience in a farmwork programme.‎ ‎6．The young man has grown up and he is eager to be independent(depend) of his parents.‎ ‎7．Parents are worried about the possibility(possible) that sweets could rot the teeth of their children.‎ ‎8．The young man, who had rushed into the fire to save the old man, deserved(deserve) rewarding.‎ ‎9．To the teacher’s satisfaction(satisfy), all the students handed in their notebooks on time that day.‎ ‎10．The teacher should be able to use the target language fluently and ‎ appropriately(appropriate)．‎ Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．I have never associated the plan with Mr.Green.To be honest, I don’t want to be associated with Mr.Green.I’d like to carry out the plan in association with a modest person.(associate)‎ ‎2．From his satisfied expression, I knew that he was very satisfied with the experiment.In other words, the result of the experiment was satisfying．(satisfy)‎ ‎3．Lucy is devoted to her music and she has devoted too much time to it.Meanwhile, she also shows devotion to the poor and the disabled.(devote)‎ ‎4．Catherine threw up her arms in an expressive gesture and I knew that she would start to express herself.In my opinion, her beauty was beyond expression．(express)‎ ‎5．The man is very strong and he has enough strength to climb the mountain，for he has been doing exercise to strengthen his body.(strong)‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 talk sb. into; to be honest; come up with; concentrate on; be willing to; deal with When I visited my friend Tom yesterday, he was 1.concentrating__on making an important plan.He 2.talked__me__into joining him. 3.To__be__honest,__Tom always 4.comes__up__with some good ideas.Besides, he is a man who 5.is__willing__to help others to 6.deal__with difficult problems. We all like him.‎ end up; in terms of; compared to; pick up; be popular with; be devoted to Our teacher told us Helen Keller’s story yesterday afternoon, and we all couldn’t help crying.Her works 7. are__popular__with many readers. Though Helen Keller was disabled, she had a strong desire to learn. With the help of Ms. Sullivan, she 8.picked__up braille(盲文) and finally graduated from college. 9.Compared__to Helen Keller, we are very lucky. We are healthy, but many of us can’t 10.be__devoted__to our study or work and many of us 11.end__up doing nothing important. 12.In__terms__of strong will, we all should learn from Helen Keller.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。‎ It__is__generally__believed__that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.‎ ‎2．毫无疑问，她是一个优秀的女演员。‎ There__is__no__doubt__that she is a wonderful actress.‎ ‎3．我不喜欢别人在公共场合嘲笑我或者说我坏话。‎ I__dislike__it__when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind.‎ ‎4．(2017·北京卷)那就是为什么我认为长江之旅会是更好的选择。‎ That’s__why__I__think__the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.‎ ‎5．如果说有什么能强烈地吸引她，那就是游泳了。‎ If__anything,__swimming will appeal to her most strongly.‎ ‎ strength　n．[U]力量，体力；[C]长处，强项 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)To build up our strength(strong), we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis.‎ b．As a teacher, you should know the strengths and weaknesses of your students.‎ ‎②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to__strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.‎ ‎③(四川卷)Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to__do(do) the most difficult thing in my life.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④(浙江卷)练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的性情。‎ Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build__up__one’s__strength,__but also develop one’s character.‎ ‎(1)have the strength to do　　 有做……的力气/意志力 build up one’s strength 增强体质 ‎(2)strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的 ‎(3)strengthen vt. 加强　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Though I didn’t have the strength to climb any further, I finally got to the top of the mountain with all my strength because my father encouraged me all the time.　虽然我没有力气爬得再高，但是我终于用尽全力爬上山顶，因为我父亲一直鼓励我。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ gather one’s strength　　　 积蓄力量 physical strength 体力 ‎ strength of will 意志力 strengthen our friendship 巩固我们的友谊 ‎ concentrate　vi.集中(注意力、思想等)；集中于；使……集中 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ b．If you concentrate all your energies on the study of English, you will master the language.‎ ‎②Speaking on the phone requires concentration(concentrate) and takes a driver’s attention from the road.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)Because he concentrated__his__attention__on(专注于) playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire.‎ ‎④(高级表达)With__his__attention__concentrated__on playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire.(with复合结构)‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)Concentrating__his__attention__on playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (分词作状语)‎ ‎(1)concentrate on/upon　　 专心于……‎ concentrate...on/upon... 把……集中于……‎ ‎(2)concentration n. 专心；集中 ‎[佳句背诵] If you are unable to concentrate your attention, you are unable to achieve your best level.‎ 如果你不能集中注意力，你就无法达到最好的水平。‎ ‎[名师点津] 表示“集中精力于……”的短语有：concentrate one’s attention on/upon, fix/focus one’s attention/mind on/upon, be absorbed in, bury oneself in/be buried in, put one’s heart into, keep one’s mind on, be devoted to。‎ ‎[词块助记] ‎ concentrate our efforts on improving education ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　 集中精力改进教育 concentrate on one task 全神贯注于一项任务 ‎ deserve　v．应受，值得 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to__be__respected(respect)．‎ ‎②He deserved to__win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 由于许多野生动物正在逐渐灭绝，目前的形势值得注意。‎ ‎③With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves__attention．‎ ‎④With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves__paying__attention__to/to__be__paid__attention__to．‎ ‎(1)deserve doing＝deserve to be done ‎　　　　　　 值得(被)做 deserve to do sth. 值得做某事；应该做某事 ‎(2)deserve attention/consideration/sympathy/respect ‎ 值得注意/考虑/同情/尊重 deserve blame/punishment ‎ 该受责备/惩罚 ‎[名师点津] deserve doing是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done，用法相同的还有need, want和require等。‎ ‎ accuse　vt. 控告；谴责 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①A footballer was__accused(accuse) of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.‎ ‎②For lack of enough evidence，the accused(accuse) was allowed to go free.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。‎ ‎③Accused__of__stealing__money,__the man was brought to the court. (accuse)‎ ‎④Charged__with__stealing__money,__the man was brought to the court. (charge)‎ ‎(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth.　　　　　因(做)某事指控某人 ‎(2)the accused　　 被告 ‎[佳句背诵] A piece of bad news has been spread that the rich man has been accused of doing good things only to achieve a good reputation.‎ 一条不好的消息已经传播开来：那位富人被指责沽名钓誉。‎ ‎ desire　n．渴望；欲望；渴求　vt.希望得到；想要 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①This photo reminds us that we all appreciate beauty and that we all share a common desire for pleasure.‎ ‎②We desire that immediate help (should)__be__given(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2018·北京卷)既然你渴望学习中国文化，我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。‎ ‎③Now__that__you__have__a__desire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(desire n．)‎ ‎④Since__you__desire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(desire vt.)‎ ‎(1)have a (strong) desire to do sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 (迫切)想要做某事 have a (strong) desire for sth.‎ ‎ (强烈)渴望得到某物 ‎(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire that...(should) do sth.‎ ‎ 想要……做某事 ‎[佳句背诵] Learning that you have shown great talent in designing robots, here I desire to invite you to join.　得知你在设计机器人方面颇有天赋，我很想邀请你前来参加。(2018·天津卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] desire不用于进行时态；接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎ upset　adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt.(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安；使心烦；打乱 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①She was upset to__know(know) that her application for the position was refused.‎ ‎②The other day, all my plans were__upset(upset) by the sudden change of the bad weather.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级 ‎(普通表达)You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月)‎ ‎③(高级表达)You will return to your country soon, which__makes__me__upset. (非限制性定语从句)‎ ‎④(高级表达)What__upsets__me__is__that you will return to your country soon. (what引导的主语从句)‎ ‎(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过 be upset to do sth.　 对做某事感到不安/难过 ‎(2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼 It upsets sb.to do sth./that...‎ ‎ 让某人心烦的是……‎ ‎[佳句背诵] People sometimes feel very upset about whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them.　人们有时会对他们是否应该投票给那些更优秀的人或者他们更熟悉的人感到非常不安。(江苏卷)‎ ‎ relief　n．(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻，调剂；救济 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(山东卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine.‎ ‎②Much to my parents’ relief, I was eventually admitted to a key university.‎ ‎③The patient was relieved of his chest pain by a special treatment.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 帮助他们最终摆脱困境是多么令人欣慰的事啊！‎ ‎④It__is__a__relief__to__help them out of trouble finally.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎⑤What__a__relief__it__is__to__help them out of trouble finally！(感叹句)‎ ‎(1)to one’s relief　　 　 令人感到欣慰的是 with relief 欣慰地，宽慰地 ‎(2)It is a relief to do sth. 做某事很放心/舒心。‎ What a relief! 多么令人欣慰啊！‎ breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负，松了一口气 ‎(3)relieve v. (疼痛/问题等)减轻，缓解 relieve sb.of... 解除/减轻某人的……‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.‎ 尽管如此，当季节结束时，我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎ account　n．叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户　v．说明；解释 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·江苏卷)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.‎ ‎②(2017·江苏卷)While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives of lesserknown individuals.‎ ‎③a.He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs.‎ b．You should, when necessary, supply them with food and fuel and advise them to return, but on no account allow foreigners to land.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎④(普通表达)I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎(高级表达)I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into__account/consideration．‎ ‎(1)take account of.../take...into account/consideration ‎　　　　　　　　　 把……考虑在内 on account of 因为，由于 on no account 绝不 give an account of 报告；叙述；说明 ‎(2)account for 解释；说明；(数量，比例上)占　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.‎ 教授警告学生们绝对不要在他的课堂上使用手机。(2019·天津卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] ‎ on no account意为“绝不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的还有by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。‎ ‎ judge　vt.断定；判断；判决　n．裁判员；法官 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①I have a fantastic life and a job I love. Women here are__judged(judge) on their talents, not their gender.‎ ‎②As the saying goes, “We should never judge a person by/from his looks.”‎ ‎③Judging(judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a man by/from his looks.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④我认为，他们让一些学生带手机是错误的。‎ As__far__as__I__can__judge,__it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones.‎ ‎(1)judge...from/by...　　 从……来判断……‎ as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 ‎(2)judging by/from... 根据……判断 ‎(3)judgement n. 看法，意见；判断力； 审判，判决 ‎[佳句背诵] I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.　我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。‎ ‎[名师点津] judging from/by表示“从……来看；根据……判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。‎ ‎ devote　v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·浙江卷6月)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and English writing.‎ ‎②a.(湖南卷)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.‎ b．We expressed our gratitude to the people devoted(devote) to protecting the ecology in the area.‎ c．(2017·天津卷)He is a devoted(devote) father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.‎ ‎③A teacher’s devotion(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)Jane devotes__herself__to__teaching(致力于教育) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)Devoting__herself__to__teaching__the__deaf__children,__Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎⑥(高级表达)Devoted__to__teaching__the__deaf__children,__Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎(1)devote...to (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　　　　 把……献给；把……致力于 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心于 ‎(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 be devoted to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 献身于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事 ‎(3)devotion n. 深爱；奉献 ‎[佳句背诵] I could only devote two hours a day to the work.‎ 我一天只能在这个工作上花两个小时。‎ ‎[名师点津] 表示“专注于， 致力于”的表达还有： be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be occupied in, focus on, concentrate on等。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ devote one’s energies to a job　致力于一项工作 devote all one’s life to medical work for Chinese women and children　为中国的妇女儿童医疗事业贡献毕生精力 ‎ in terms of 　在……方面，从……方面来说，就……而言，据……；依照……‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·江苏卷) With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of intelligence.‎ ‎②Anyone who always comes to terms with difficulty cannot become a successful man.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in__the__long__term(从长远来看)．‎ ‎④I have been on__good__terms__with__my__classmates(与同学们的关系很好), who have helped me a lot.‎ in the long/short term　　　　　 就长/短期而言 be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人交情好/不好 come to terms with 与……达成协议；让步；妥协　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] In terms of the way color is used, some styles of Chinese painting use only one kind of color.　在色彩的运用方面，中国画的一些风格是只使用单色。‎ ‎ can’t help doing sth.　情不自禁地做某事 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①She can’t help(to)clean(clean) the house because she’s busy making a cake.‎ ‎②She couldn’t help bursting(burst) into tears when she heard the news.‎ ‎③It is raining hard outside and they couldn’t choose but wait(wait) at home.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④(上海卷)这位作家的天赋让你很吃惊，你会情不自禁地和同学或者好朋友分享，他们也对这位作家印象很深刻。‎ You are so amazed by the genius of the writer and you can’t__help__sharing__it__with__your__classmates__or__best__friends,__who turn out to have been deeply impressed as well.‎ can’t help (to) do sth.　　　　 不能帮忙做某事 can not help but do sth. 不得不做某事 can not choose but do sth. 不得不做某事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ‎ ‎①I can’t help thinking he knows more than he has told us.‎ 我总觉得他没把他知道的事全告诉我们。‎ ‎②He is such a famous professor that you can’t help but respect him.‎ 他是一位如此著名的教授，以至于你不得不尊敬他。‎ ‎ There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问……‎ ‎(教材P9)On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have ‎ problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations...‎ 另一方面，毫无疑问的是，低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难情况时有问题……‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)There is no doubt that pingpong is regarded as the National Ball Sport of China.‎ ‎②(江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③我们老师给我们提出了一些如何记英语单词的建议。‎ Our teacher gave us some advice how__we__(should)__remember__English__words. ‎ ‎(1)同位语从句通常用that, whether, what, which, when, where, why, how等词引导，常放在hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, advice, truth, evidence, problem等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。‎ ‎(2)有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①There is no doubt that WeChat is changing our way of life. ‎ 毫无疑问，微信正在改变我们的生活方式。‎ ‎②There is some doubt whether computer games can have a bad effect on students’ health.‎ 游戏是否会对学生的健康有不利影响还不确定。‎ ‎ I dislike it when...，it作形式宾语，when引导的从句作真正的宾语 ‎(教材P11)I really dislike it when...‎ 我真的不喜欢……‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①We really appreciated it when she offered to help.‎ ‎②I like it when the sky is clear and blue in autumn.‎ ‎③You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.‎ ‎④He owed it to his first teacher that__he had good pronunciation.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎⑤我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。‎ I dislike it when__my__mother__asks__me__to__eat__eggs．‎ ‎⑥要是我不必做那么多工作，就太好了。‎ I’d prefer it if__I__didn’t__have__to__do__so__much__work．‎ 句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的宾语从句。英语中，某些表示“‎ 喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like，enjoy，love，hate，dislike，appreciate，prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。　 ‎ ‎[名师点津] it作形式宾语除了上述情况外，还有下面的情形：‎ ‎(1)某些作介词宾语的that从句要放在形式宾语it之后。‎ ‎(2)某些动词后的宾语从句较长，状语较短，也可以在宾语位置上用形式宾语it，而把真正的宾语从句放到状语之后。‎ ‎ that’s why...“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句 ‎(教材P13)Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that’s why the letter never arrived.‎ 可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未到的原因。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①—Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Peking University?‎ ‎—Yes, that’s because he worked so hard all the time, so his efforts paid off.‎ ‎②—You see, I’m poor in math, but good at English, while you are good at math, but weak in English.‎ ‎—That’s why we should help each other.‎ 句中that’s why...为固定表达，意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。该句型强调结果。　 ‎ ‎[名师点津] that’s because...那是因为……，because也引导表语从句，但该句型强调原因。‎ Sorry，we are late.That’s because we were held up in the traffic jam.‎ 很抱歉我们迟到了，那是因为我们遇上交通堵塞被耽搁了。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration(concentrate)．‎ ‎2．In my opinion, the scenery here is beyond description(describe), so it has attracted a lot of visitors every year.‎ ‎3．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously(anxious) to see her son.‎ ‎4．When she saw the lovely monkey，she couldn’t help laughing(laugh)．‎ ‎5．To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their strengths(strong) and weaknesses.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．You’d better not go out. In my judgement, it is dangerous to fly in such weather.‎ ‎2．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.‎ ‎3．Most of the scientists devoted themselves to doing the research and seldom went home.‎ ‎4．We all sighed with relief when the plane finally touched down safely.‎ ‎5．The woman was accused of stealing little children from the neighbourhood.‎ 维度三　易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．The young woman was accused with stealing goods from a large market.with→of ‎2．Hearing the sad news, the mothers present at the meeting couldn’t help cry.cry→crying ‎3．Devoting to his research, the young scientist almost forgot everything about himself.Devoting→Devoted ‎4．It is true that she has made a mistake but she hardly deserves lose her job.在deserves后加to ‎5．I felt relief to know that all the missing children had arrived home.relief→relieved 维度四　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)‎ ‎1．(2017·天津卷)I lost 150 pounds and raised $50，000! I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.为……付出 ‎2．The scientist made great contributions to science, so he deserved giving so many awards.应受；值得 ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption.(数量，比例上)占 ‎4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. 渴望；欲望 ‎5．Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with relief.欣慰地；宽慰地 ‎6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The likables’ playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. 加强 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ My friend is a senior high student gifted in biology. Desiring 1.to__become(become) a biologist, he 2.is__devoted(devote) to studying biology. He 3.can’t help doing research on it when he glances 4.at a rare plant. He also takes a picture with a brief 5.description(describe) behind. The other day, he was talked into 6.participating(participate) in a contest about biology, in 7.which he won the first prize. There was no doubt 8.that he deserved it because he 9.accurately(accurate) answered all the questions. Of course, like others, he has his own strengths ‎ and 10.weaknesses(weak)．‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①与别人相比，海伦·凯勒(Helen Keller)是不幸的。‎ When Helen Keller was compared__to__others,__she was unlucky.‎ ‎②当她在19个月大的时候，她变得又盲又聋。‎ When she was 19 months old, she became__blind__and__deaf．‎ ‎③她并不愿意学习。‎ She was__not__willing__to__learn anything.‎ ‎④她的老师沙利文(Ms. Sullivan)来帮她应对残疾。‎ Her teacher Ms. Sullivan came__to__help__her__deal__with__her__disabilities．‎ ‎⑤在Ms. Sullivan的帮助下，她能够做到集中精力学习，并完成了大学学习。‎ With__the__help__of Ms. Sullivan, she was able to concentrate__on__her__study and graduated from college.‎ ‎⑥她致力于帮助盲聋儿童。‎ She devoted__all__herself__to__helping__the__blind and deaf children.‎ ‎⑦她是20世纪最伟大的女性之一，值得我们尊重。‎ She was one of the greatest women in the 20th century and deserves__our__respect．‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑧用过去分词作状语升级句①‎ Compared__to__others,__Helen__Keller__was__unlucky.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：at first, later, later on)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Compared to others, Helen Keller was unlucky. When she was 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. At first, she was not willing to learn anything. Later, her teacher Ms. Sullivan came to help her deal with her disabilities. With the help of Ms. Sullivan, she was able to concentrate on her study and graduated from college. Later on, she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children. She was one of the greatest women in the 20th century and deserves our respect.‎ 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·河南六市高三联考)Keeping fit often means sharing a busy pathway with cyclists, runners and walkers, but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears.‎ Newly formed group Achilles Brisbane pairs visionand hearingimpaired(视觉和听觉受损的) athletes with people who would like to guide them.‎ Jane Britt, president of Achilles Brisbane, who is visionand hearingimpaired, said, “When we go out, it’s much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what’s there.”‎ Ms.Cullen and Ms.Britt meet up most Saturday mornings to take part in the fivekilometer park run. Their partnership is built on trust, but Ms. Britt said that it took time to develop.‎ Ms.Britt said it took an unexpected storm for her to trust Ms. Cullen completely. “There was violent rain, my glasses were broken and we were walking together. I suddenly had to tell her I couldn’t see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her. From that time I knew it was going to work because she was so good about dealing with the special situation we both found ourselves in，” she said.‎ Isabella Allen and her seeing eye dog Tatum are two new additions to the Achilles Brisbane. Ms. Allen kept active by rowing, running and cycling but found it difficult to keep going as her vision became worse. After nearly giving up completely, she worked up the courage to ask Achilles Brisbane to find someone to share a boat with her.‎ Ms. Allen said the fear of not finding anyone to row with almost stopped her from reaching out to Achilles Brisbane. “But, they found people and matched me to them，” she said. “It’s the best thing I’ve ever done.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。残疾人参加体育锻炼与正常人是不同的，他们常常面临各种挑战，为此专门成立了一个锻炼帮扶组织。文章讲述了该组织帮扶的两个具体事例。‎ ‎1．What does Paragraph 1 try to show?‎ A．The danger of walking on a busy road.‎ B．The difficulty the disabled athletes face.‎ C．The exercise people do to keep fit.‎ D．The necessity of building roads for the blind.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears”可推知，对于视觉和听觉受损的运动员来说，参加锻炼是一项挑战，除非有人做他们的耳朵和眼睛；由此可推知，第一段旨在说明残疾人运动员所面临的困难，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．How does Jane Britt feel about going out alone?‎ A．Relaxed.　　　　　　　　 B．Excited.‎ C．Worried. D．Bored.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When we go out, it’s much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what’s there.”可推知，Jane Britt认为，他们出去的时候，如果他们身旁有听力正常的人为他们去听并告诉他们那里有什么，那就没有那么可怕了。由此可推知，Jane Britt对独自外出感到担忧，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．What happened in the heavy rain according to Ms.Britt?‎ A．She developed a strong sense of teamwork.‎ B．She led Ms.Cullen forward on the road.‎ C．She began to rely on Ms.Cullen as her guide.‎ D．She fell down on the ground.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“I suddenly had to tell her I couldn’t see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her.”可知，Britt的眼镜在大雨中碎了，她看不到任何东西，完全依靠Cullen女士做她的向导，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What was the best thing Ms.Allen has done?‎ A．Asking Achilles Brisbane for help.‎ B．Working in Achilles Brisbane.‎ C．Exercising nonstop.‎ D．Meeting Tatum.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“‘But，they found people and matched me to them，’she said.‘It’s the best thing I’ve ever done.’”可知，Allen女士认为她做的最好的事情是向Achilles Brisbane求助，故A项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·成都第二次诊断)Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.‎ The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children, and for writing books for young people that covered different subjects. “Myers has written about all those subjects with deep understanding and a hardwon, qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus in 2008.‎ He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence Dean and Herbert after his mother died while giving birth to his younger sister. They loved him very much and his mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.‎ He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him. “It’s what you do，” she said.‎ He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service, he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.‎ In an essay published in The New York Times earlier this year, Myers described how a short story by James Arthur Baldwin helped change the course of his life. “I didn’t love the story, but I was lifted by it，” he wrote, “for it took place in Harlem, and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. By humanizing the people who were like me, Baldwin’s story also humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”‎ ‎“I write books for the troubled boy I once was，” he wrote, “and for the boy who lives within me still.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter Dean Myers的生平。‎ ‎5．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A．How popular Myers was.‎ B．How Myers became successful.‎ C．What makes Myers’ works popular.‎ D．What people think of Myers’ works.‎ C　解析：段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段首句“The prolific author...covered different subjects.”为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜爱。由此可知，‎ 该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．Who discovered Myers’ writing talent?‎ A．James Arthur Baldwin.‎ B．His mother.‎ C．Leonard S. Marcus.‎ D．One of his teachers.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.”可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下去。据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位老师发现的，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Productive. B．Unfortunate.‎ C．Conservative. D．Humorous.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.”可知，Walter Dean Myers 写了100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家。productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不幸的”，C项意为“守旧的”，D项意为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎8．Why was the short story by James Arthur Baldwin so important for Myers?‎ A．It helped him survive the dark period.‎ B．It inspired him to pursue his writing career.‎ C．He learned many writing techniques from it.‎ D．The author of the story permitted him to write.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how a short story...the course of his life”以及最后一句“The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·马鞍山高三调研)Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school. I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was __1__. I was well aware that new languages are best learned when __2__， and that our abilities in that regard decline with age. __3__， just before my 50th birthday, I __4__ for French classes.‎ After I was __5__ to see which group I belonged in, I was __6__ at almost the introductory ‎ level. I found that it really was true that certain linguistic(语言的) abilities __7__ with age. While I’d always thought of myself as a(n) __8__ learner, that was no longer the case. I absorbed new vocabulary very __9__. What I learned one week ago seemed to __10__ as soon as I learned the next skill.‎ Now, a couple of years later, I can listen to the news in French and __11__ 90 percent of it on the first try and read a novel if it’s not too difficult.‎ Who knows what I might still __12__？‎ I’ve learned so much __13__ grammar and vocabulary. I’ve met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the __14__ to make fools of themselves in order to __15__ something new. I’ve been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many __16__ of the world, including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa.‎ Listening to the news as it is __17__ to the people of France, I have a renewed __18__ of how something can look completely different from another __19__. I’ve learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of __20__. But most of all, I’ve learned that it really is never too late to learn something new.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者学习法语的经历告诉我们要活到老，学到老。‎ ‎1．A.unbelievable B．pointless C．unbearable D．valueless B　解析：根据该句“I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was ______．”以及下文内容可知，“我”想努力保留在学校学的那一点法语，但最终意识到这是无意义的(pointless)，故选B。‎ ‎2．A.energetic B．curious C．young D．old C　解析：根据后半句中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并结合常识可知，年轻的时候学习新语言的效果是最好的，故选C。‎ ‎3．A.However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Meanwhile A　解析：根据语境可知，在50岁生日之前，“我”注册(registered)了法语课，并结合上文提到的“年轻的时候学习新语言的效果是最好的”可知，此处表示转折关系，故选A。‎ ‎4．A.sought B．registered C．fought D．prepared B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎5．A.interviewed B．challenged C．asked D．tested D　解析：根据空后的“to see which group I belonged in”并结合语境可知，经过测试(tested)来看“我”属于哪一个团体之后，“我”被归(placed) 为几乎是初级水平，故选D。‎ ‎6．A.restricted B．withdrawn C．appointed D．placed D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎7．A.fade B．remain C．disappear D．improve A　解析：根据第一段中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并结合常识可推知，某些语言的能力会随着年龄的增加而逐渐消失(fade)，故选A。‎ ‎8．A.autonomous B．average C．quick D．dull C　解析：根据语境可推知，“我”一直认为自己是一个学东西很快的(quick)学习者，但却不再是这样了，故选C。‎ ‎9．A.easily B．slowly C．steadily D．rapidly B　解析：结合语境及上题解析可推知，“我”掌握新词汇的速度很慢(slowly)，故选B。‎ ‎10．A.crowd in B．make sense C．slip away D．build up C　解析：根据语境可知，“我”一学习下一个技能，一个星期前学的就好像消失(slip away)了，故选C。crowd in“涌上(心头)”；make sense“有意义”；build up“(使)扩大”。‎ ‎11．A.catch B．recite C．share D．repeat A　解析：根据语境可推知，“我”第一遍听法语新闻时能够理解(catch)90%的内容。catch“理解”，故选A。‎ ‎12．A.complete B．overlook C．perform D．accomplish D　解析：根据语境可知，谁知道“我”仍可能实现(accomplish)什么呢？故选D。‎ ‎13．A.except B．beyond C．through D．including B　解析：根据下文的内容可知，“我”认为自己学到的不仅仅是法语的语法和词汇，故选B。beyond意为“除……之外”。‎ ‎14．A.confidence B．ability C．patience D．courage D　解析：根据空后的“make fools of themselves in order to ______ something new”可知，‎ 此处表示“我”遇到了来自世界各行各业的人，他们为了学(learn)一些新的东西而有勇气(courage)出丑，故选D。‎ ‎15．A.learn B．experience C．explore D．possess A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎16．A.organizations B．corners C．classes D．races B　解析：根据下文的“including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa”可知，这些老师来自世界的许多地区(corners)。‎ ‎17．A.updated B．spread C．presented D．conveyed C　解析：根据语境可知，听着播放给法国人的新闻，“我”有了一个全新的理解，故选C。present“上演，播出”。‎ ‎18．A.understanding B．attitude C．knowledge D．judgment A　解析：根据语境可知，“我”对一些东西是如何从不同角度(angle)看起来完全不同有了全新的理解(understanding)，故选A。‎ ‎19．A.manner B．aspect C．angle D．direction C　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.studying B．working C．living D．thinking D　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，一门语言不仅仅是一组单词，也是一种思维(thinking)方式。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·三门峡调研)Who’re happier, men or women? Research shows it’s a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn’t really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.‎ Women’s happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.‎ Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express ‎ different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.‎ Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people’s view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.‎ Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women’s happiness is more dependent on relationships than men’s.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。‎ ‎1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?‎ A．Warmth. B．Depression.‎ C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。‎ ‎2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?‎ A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.‎ C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。‎ ‎3．One can probably read the text from________．‎ A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine D　解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。‎ ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.‎ B．Men and women experience happiness differently.‎ C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.‎ D．Women’s happiness has declined in the past years.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。‎ B ‎(2020·南阳高三诊断)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.‎ ‎“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.‎ They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.‎ While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, offboard power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source, so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.‎ Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。‎ ‎5．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?‎ A．It’s automatic.‎ B．It’s very small.‎ C．It’s controllable.‎ D．It’s quite powerful.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the ‎ tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该机器苍蝇飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________．‎ A．act as a spy plane B．help do farm work C．fly at a very high speed D．answer many scientific questions A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?‎ A．It is highly questionable.‎ B．It has wide practical applications.‎ C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.‎ D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power...could have much broader applications.”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science C．An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作本文标题。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·滁州模拟)In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 1.________ Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember ‎ things in your everyday life.‎ To Remember: New words Technique: Change routine In a study, a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. One group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more. 2.________ That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.‎ To Remember: Your PIN Technique: Count it out You could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. 3.________ Write a four－word sentence, then count the number of letters in each word. For instance, “This is my PIN”＝4223.‎ To Remember: Faces Technique: Focus on noses While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory palace technique doesn’t work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. Rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose. 4.________‎ To Remember: Facts & figures Technique: 5.________‎ To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. If your exam is in a week, study today and then again in a day or two. If it’s a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session.‎ A．Value exams B．Give yourself time C．This allows you to take in their whole face.‎ D．Their brain structures are in fact the same as ours.‎ E．Instead, try this tip from Dominic O’Brien, an eighttime World Memory Champion.‎ F．The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you.‎ G．Studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个有助于记忆的技巧。‎ ‎1．D　解析：根据上文中的“super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions”可知，那些记忆达人并没有非常大的脑区域，他们的大脑结构实际上和我们的一样，故选D项。‎ ‎2．G　解析：承接上文“During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more.”，并与空后一句“That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.”呼应可知，其他方面的环境变化对记忆也是有帮助的，这与本段介绍的技巧Change routine相吻合，故选G项。‎ ‎3．E　解析：根据空前一句“You could use...figuring those numbers out.”和空处下文的内容可知，空处推荐了一种不同的方法，这与第一段中效仿记忆达人的有效记忆策略相呼应，故选E项。‎ ‎4．C　解析：根据本段的记忆主题Faces和空前一句“Rather than focusing on eyes...a person’s nose.”可知，通过集中注意力于一个人的鼻子可以让你记住一个人的整个面孔，故选C项。‎ ‎5．B　解析：根据该段第一句“To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one.”并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段推荐的记忆技巧是给自己时间，故选B项。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·南昌重点中学段考)In today’s world of mobile payment, all we really need 1.____________(survive) is a smartphone. But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again, by 2.____________(bring) them into the digital age.‎ Armenian firm Volterman’s smart wallet takes security to a new level. It’s fitted with different technology, such as 3.____________ alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera. If your smartphone and wallet become separate, the alarm will warn you 4.____________ you don’t leave it behind. And if your wallet 5.____________(lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it.‎ Even 6.____________(interesting) is the frontfacing camera. “If someone dares to open your wallet 7.__________ permission, a little camera inside 8.____________(take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone. You will find it 9.____________(easy) by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan, Volterman’s founder, told news site Banks.am.‎ The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three 10.____________(model), with the cheapest expected to cost $179.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种即将上市的智能钱包。‎ ‎1．to survive　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作状语表目的。该句意为：在当今的移动支付世界，我们生存真正需要的是一部智能手机。‎ ‎2．bringing　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。该句意为：但有一家公司希望通过将传统钱包带入数字时代，让它们再次变酷。‎ ‎3．an　解析：考查冠词。根据该句中的“a GPS tracker, and even a camera”‎ 并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。‎ ‎4．so　解析：考查连词。句意：如果你的智能手机和钱包分开了，警报器会提醒你，这样你就不会忘记它。根据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。‎ ‎5．is lost　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示丢失的状态，故用is lost。‎ ‎6．more interesting　解析：考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它的情况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感兴趣的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎7．without　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小摄像头就会拍下照片并发送到你的手机上。without permission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法。‎ ‎8．will take　解析：考查时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。该句意为：如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小摄像头就会拍下照片并发送到你的手机上。‎ ‎9．easily　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词“find”，故用副词形式。‎ ‎10．models　解析：考查名词的单复数。model为可数名词，根据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。该句意为：这种高科技钱包的三个模型将于今年晚些时候上市，预计最便宜的价格是179美元。‎